teradataml 17.20.0.6__py3-none-any.whl → 20.0.0.0__py3-none-any.whl

teradataml/dataframe/sql.py

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ from teradatasqlalchemy import (INTERVAL_DAY, INTERVAL_DAY_TO_HOUR, INTERVAL_DAY
                                 INTERVAL_YEAR_TO_MONTH)
 from teradatasqlalchemy import (PERIOD_DATE, PERIOD_TIME, PERIOD_TIMESTAMP)
 from teradatasqlalchemy import XML, GEOMETRY
+from teradatasqlalchemy.telemetry.queryband import collect_queryband
 import decimal
 import datetime as dt
 from teradataml.dataframe.window import Window
@@ -1586,7 +1587,7 @@ class _ArithmeticColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
             2           67/06/30        07/07/10        421.0   465.0       179.0
             3           67/06/30        07/07/10        434.0   485.0       185.0
             5           67/06/30        07/07/10        459.0   509.0       211.0
-            
+
             # Example 1: Add 100 to the expenditure amount and assign the final amount
             #            to new column 'total_expenditure'.
             >>> df.assign(total_expenditure=df.expenditure + 100)
@@ -2028,7 +2029,7 @@ class _ArithmeticColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
             # Example 1: Divide the income by 2 and assign the divided income
             #            to new column 'divided_income'.
             >>> df.assign(divided_income=c1 // 2)
-            
+
             # Example 2: Calculate the percent of investment of income and assign the
             #            final output to new column 'percent_inverstment_'.
             >>> df.assign(percent_inverstment_=df.investment * 100 // df.income)
@@ -2215,6 +2216,7 @@ class _StringMethods(object):
         """
         self.c = c
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_lower")
     def lower(self):
         """
         Convert character column values to lowercase.
@@ -2261,18 +2263,20 @@ class _StringMethods(object):
                )
         return res
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_contains")
     def contains(self, pattern, case = True, na = None, **kw):
         """
-        Search the pattern or substring in a given string.
-        REFERENCE:
-            SQL Functions, Operators, Expressions, and Predicates
-            Chapter 24: Regular Expression Functions
+        Search the pattern or substring in the column.
 
         PARAMETERS:
             pattern:
                 Required Argument.
-                Specifies a regex pattern
-                Types: str
+                Specifies a literal value or ColumnExpression. Use ColumnExpression
+                when comparison is done based on values inside ColumnExpression or
+                based on a ColumnExpression function. Else, use literal value.
+                Note:
+                     Argument supports regular expressions too.
+                Types: str OR ColumnExpression
 
             case:
                 Optional Argument.
@@ -2354,7 +2358,7 @@ class _StringMethods(object):
              7   'rejoicing'      0
              8  'comforting'      0
              9   'obstinate'      0
-     
+
             >>> load_example_data("dataframe", "sales")
             >>> df = DataFrame("sales")
             >>> df
@@ -2402,8 +2406,25 @@ class _StringMethods(object):
             Jones LLC  200.0  150  140  180  04/01/2017
             Alpha Co   210.0  200  215  250  04/01/2017
 
+            >>> load_example_data("ntree", "employee_table")
+            >>> df = DataFrame("employee_table")
+            >>> df
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name
+            emp_id
+            200         Pat   100.0      Don
+            300       Donna   100.0      Don
+            400         Kim   200.0      Pat
+            500        Fred   400.0      Kim
+            100         Don     NaN       NA
+
+            # Example 7: Get all the employees whose name has managers name.
+            >>> df[df.emp_name.str.contains(df.mgr_name) == True]
+            >>> df
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name
+            emp_id
+            300       Donna     100      Don
         """
-        if not isinstance(pattern, str):
+        if not isinstance(pattern, (str, ColumnExpression)):
             raise TypeError('str.contains requires the pattern parameter to be a string.')
 
         if not isinstance(case, bool):
@@ -2412,9 +2433,9 @@ class _StringMethods(object):
         match_arg = kw.get('match_arg', 'c' if case else 'i')
         regexp_substr = func.regexp_substr(
                            self.c.expression,
-                           pattern, 1, 1,
+                           pattern.expression if isinstance(pattern, ColumnExpression) else pattern, 1, 1,
                            match_arg)
-        
+
         expr = case_when((regexp_substr == None, 0), else_ = 1)
         expr = case_when((self.c.expression == None, na), else_ = expr)
 
@@ -2430,6 +2451,7 @@ class _StringMethods(object):
 
         return _SQLColumnExpression(expr)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_strip")
     def strip(self):
         """
         Remove leading and trailing whitespace.
@@ -2540,6 +2562,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
 
         # otherwise, just ignore
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_gt")
     def gt(self, other):
         """
         Compare the ColumnExpressions to check if one ColumnExpression
@@ -2610,6 +2633,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self > other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_ge")
     def ge(self, other):
         """
         Compare the ColumnExpressions to check if one ColumnExpression
@@ -2677,6 +2701,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self >= other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_lt")
     def lt(self, other):
         """
         Compare the ColumnExpressions to check if one ColumnExpression
@@ -2743,6 +2768,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self < other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_le")
     def le(self, other):
         """
         Compare the ColumnExpressions to check if one ColumnExpression
@@ -2806,6 +2832,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self <= other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_eq")
     def eq(self, other):
         """
         Compare the ColumnExpressions to check if one ColumnExpression
@@ -2870,6 +2897,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self == other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_ne")
     def ne(self, other):
         """
         Compare the ColumnExpressions to check if one ColumnExpression
@@ -2940,6 +2968,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self != other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_add")
     def add(self, other):
         """
         Compute the addition between two ColumnExpressions.
@@ -2983,6 +3012,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
             4           67/06/30        07/07/10        448.0   493.0       192.0        """
         return self + other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_sub")
     def sub(self, other):
         """
         Compute the subtraction between two ColumnExpressions.
@@ -3027,6 +3057,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self - other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_mul")
     def mul(self, other):
         """
         Compute the multiplication between two ColumnExpressions.
@@ -3107,6 +3138,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self * other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_div")
     def div(self, other):
         """
         Compute the division between two ColumnExpressions.
@@ -3152,6 +3184,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.truediv(other)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_truediv")
     def truediv(self, other):
         """
         Compute the true-division between two ColumnExpressions.
@@ -3197,6 +3230,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self / other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_floordiv")
     def floordiv(self, other):
         """
         Compute the floor-division between two ColumnExpressions.
@@ -3242,6 +3276,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self // other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_mod")
     def mod(self, other):
         """
         Compute the mod between two ColumnExpressions.
@@ -3290,6 +3325,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self % other
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_isna")
     def isna(self):
         """
         Test for NA values
@@ -3360,6 +3396,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
             )
         return res
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_isnull")
     def isnull(self):
         """
         Test for NA values. Alias for isna()
@@ -3423,6 +3460,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.isna()
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_notna")
     def notna(self):
         """
         Test for non NA values
@@ -3506,6 +3544,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
 
         return res
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_notnull")
     def notnull(self):
         """
         Alias for notna().Test for non NA values
@@ -3618,6 +3657,7 @@ class _SeriesColumnExpression(ColumnExpression):
 
         return res
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_isin")
     def isin(self, values=None):
         """
         Function to check for the presence of values in a column.
@@ -3909,6 +3949,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
             columnExpression = columnExpression.cast(NUMBER())
         return columnExpression
 
+    @collect_queryband(arg_name="python_func_name", prefix="DFC")
     def __process_column_expression(self, func_name, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Description:
@@ -4038,6 +4079,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         return lambda *args, **kwargs:\
             self.__process_column_expression(sql_func_name, *args, python_func_name=func_name, **kwargs)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_count")
     def count(self, distinct=False, skipna=False, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4123,6 +4165,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.count, distinct=distinct, skipna=skipna, **kwargs)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_kurtosis")
     def kurtosis(self, distinct=False, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4211,6 +4254,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.kurtosis, distinct=distinct, **kwargs)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_first")
     def first(self, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4244,6 +4288,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.first)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_last")
     def last(self, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4277,6 +4322,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.last)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_mad")
     def mad(self, constant_multiplier=None, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4352,6 +4398,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
             func_obj = func.mad(self.expression)
         return self.__process_function_call_object(func_obj)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_max")
     def max(self, distinct=False, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4431,6 +4478,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.max, distinct=distinct, **kwargs)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_mean")
     def mean(self, distinct=False, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4514,6 +4562,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
 
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.avg, distinct=distinct, **kwargs)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_median")
     def median(self, distinct=False, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4600,6 +4649,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.median, distinct=distinct, **kwargs)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_min")
     def min(self, distinct=False, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4678,6 +4728,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.min, distinct=distinct, **kwargs)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_mode")
     def mode(self, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4711,6 +4762,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.mode)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_percentile")
     def percentile(self, percentile, distinct=False, interpolation="LINEAR",
                    as_time_series_aggregate=False, **kwargs):
         """
@@ -4891,6 +4943,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(
             func.percentile, percentile*100, text(interpolation), distinct=distinct)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_skew")
     def skew(self, distinct=False, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -4970,6 +5023,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.skew, distinct=distinct, **kwargs)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_sum")
     def sum(self, distinct=False, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -5049,6 +5103,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         """
         return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.sum, distinct=distinct, **kwargs)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_std")
     def std(self, distinct=False, population=False, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -5169,6 +5224,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
         else:
             return self.__generate_function_call_object(func.stddev_samp, distinct=distinct, **kwargs)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_unique")
     def unique(self, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -5223,6 +5279,7 @@ class _AggregateColumnExpresion(ColumnExpression):
             self.__validate_operation(name="unique", describe_op=describe_op)
         return self.count(True)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_var")
     def var(self, distinct=False, population=False, **kwargs):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -5597,6 +5654,153 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
                                                   literal_binds=True)
         return aliased_expression
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_fillna")
+    def fillna(self, value):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function replaces every occurrence of NA value in column
+            with the "value". Use this function either to replace or remove
+            NA from Column.
+
+        PARAMETES:
+            value:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies the replacement value for null values in the column.
+                Types: str or int or float or ColumnExpression
+
+        RAISES:
+            TeradataMlException
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            >>> load_example_data("dataframe", "sales")
+            >>> df = DataFrame("sales")
+            >>> df
+                          Feb    Jan    Mar    Apr    datetime
+            accounts
+            Blue Inc     90.0   50.0   95.0  101.0  04/01/2017
+            Alpha Co    210.0  200.0  215.0  250.0  04/01/2017
+            Jones LLC   200.0  150.0  140.0  180.0  04/01/2017
+            Yellow Inc   90.0    NaN    NaN    NaN  04/01/2017
+            Orange Inc  210.0    NaN    NaN  250.0  04/01/2017
+            Red Inc     200.0  150.0  140.0    NaN  04/01/2017
+
+            # Example 1: Fill the null value in column 'Mar'
+            #            with the the specified value.
+            >>> df.assign(Mar = df.Mar.fillna(1))
+                          Feb    Jan  Mar    Apr    datetime
+            accounts
+            Red Inc     200.0  150.0  140    NaN  04/01/2017
+            Alpha Co    210.0  200.0  215  250.0  04/01/2017
+            Yellow Inc   90.0    NaN    1    NaN  04/01/2017
+            Jones LLC   200.0  150.0  140  180.0  04/01/2017
+            Blue Inc     90.0   50.0   95  101.0  04/01/2017
+            Orange Inc  210.0    NaN    1  250.0  04/01/2017
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, type(self)):
+            value = value.expression
+        return case_when((self.expression == None, value), else_=self.expression)
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_concat")
+    def concat(self, separator, *columns):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function to concatenate the columns with a separator.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            separator:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies the string to be used as a separator between two concatenated columns.
+                Note:
+                    This argument is ignored when no column is specified.
+                Types: str
+
+            columns:
+                Optional Argument.
+                Specifies the name(s) of the columns or ColumnExpression(s) to concat on.
+                Types: str OR ColumnExpression OR ColumnExpressions
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("dataframe", "admissions_train")
+            >>>
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'admissions_train' table.
+            >>> admissions_train = DataFrame("admissions_train")
+            >>> admissions_train
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted
+            id
+            22     yes  3.46    Novice    Beginner         0
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0
+            15     yes  4.00  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1
+            5       no  3.44    Novice      Novice         0
+            17      no  3.83  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            34     yes  3.85  Advanced    Beginner         0
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 1: Concatenate the columns "stats" and "programming" with out any seperator.
+            >>> df = admissions_train.assign(concat_gpa_=admissions_train.stats.concat("", admissions_train.programming))
+            >>> print(df)
+                masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted        new_column
+            id
+            34     yes  3.85  Advanced    Beginner         0  AdvancedBeginner
+            32     yes  3.46  Advanced    Beginner         0  AdvancedBeginner
+            11      no  3.13  Advanced    Advanced         1  AdvancedAdvanced
+            40     yes  3.95    Novice    Beginner         0    NoviceBeginner
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1  AdvancedBeginner
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0    AdvancedNovice
+            7      yes  2.33    Novice      Novice         1      NoviceNovice
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1  AdvancedAdvanced
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0  AdvancedAdvanced
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1    AdvancedNovice
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 2: Concatenate the columns "programming", "gpa" and "masters" with '_'.
+            >>> df = admissions_train.assign(new_column=admissions_train.programming.concat("_", admissions_train.gpa, "masters"))
+            >>> print(df)
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted                           new_column
+            id
+            34     yes  3.85  Advanced    Beginner         0  Beginner_ 3.85000000000000E 000_yes
+            32     yes  3.46  Advanced    Beginner         0  Beginner_ 3.46000000000000E 000_yes
+            11      no  3.13  Advanced    Advanced         1   Advanced_ 3.13000000000000E 000_no
+            40     yes  3.95    Novice    Beginner         0  Beginner_ 3.95000000000000E 000_yes
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1  Beginner_ 2.65000000000000E 000_yes
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0     Novice_ 3.00000000000000E 000_no
+            7      yes  2.33    Novice      Novice         1    Novice_ 2.33000000000000E 000_yes
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1  Advanced_ 3.57000000000000E 000_yes
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0  Advanced_ 1.98000000000000E 000_yes
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1     Novice_ 4.00000000000000E 000_no
+        """
+        awu_matrix = []
+        awu_matrix.append(["separator", separator, False, (str), False])
+        for column in columns:
+            awu_matrix.append(["columns", column, True, (str, ColumnExpression), True])
+
+        # Validate argument types
+        _Validators._validate_function_arguments(awu_matrix)
+
+        get_expr = lambda col: col.expression if not isinstance(col, str) else getattr(self._parent_df, col).expression
+        columns_ = [get_expr(self)]
+        if columns:
+            for column in columns:
+                columns_ = columns_ + [separator, get_expr(column)]
+        # Below condition is edge case condition for func.concat method,
+        # It seems when last argument is ColumnExpression, i.e., df.column1+df.column2
+        # it raises error so to handle that below condition is added.
+        columns_.append("")
+
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(func.concat(*columns_))
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_cast")
     def cast(self, type_ = None):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -5702,7 +5906,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
             1      yes  3.95  Beginner    Beginner         0
 
         RETURNS:
-            _SQLColumnExpression
+            ColumnExpression
 
         RAISES:
             TeradataMlException
@@ -5858,6 +6062,9 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
                 identifier = func_name
                 package = "vantage"
 
+        # Empty queryband buffer before SQL call.
+        UtilFuncs._set_queryband()
+
         # Invoke the function and return the results.
         if property:
             return self._wrap_as_column_expression(getattr(func.vantage,
@@ -5932,6 +6139,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
         if isinstance(key, str):
             return getattr(self, key)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_window")
     def window(self,
                partition_columns=None,
                order_columns=None,
@@ -5987,16 +6195,24 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
                        of a teradataml DataFrame.
                     2. "order_columns" supports only columns specified in
                         groupby function, if Column is from DataFrameGroupBy.
-                Types: str OR list of Strings (str)
+                    3. When ColumnExpression(s) is(are) passed to "order_columns", then the
+                       corresponding expression takes precedence over arguments
+                       "sort_ascending" and "nulls_first". Say, ColumnExpression is col1, then
+                       1. col1.asc() or col.desc() is effective irrespective of "sort_ascending".
+                       2. col1.nulls_first() or col.nulls_last() is effective irrespective of "nulls_first".
+                       3. Any combination of above two take precedence over "sort_ascending" and "nulls_first".
+                Types: str OR list of Strings (str) OR ColumnExpression OR list of ColumnExpressions
 
             sort_ascending:
                 Optional Argument.
                 Specifies whether column ordering should be in ascending or
                 descending order.
                 Default Value: True (ascending)
-                Note:
-                    When "order_columns" argument is not specified, argument
-                    is ignored.
+                Notes:
+                     * When "order_columns" argument is not specified, argument
+                       is ignored.
+                     * When ColumnExpression(s) is(are) passed to "order_columns", then the
+                       argument is ignored.
                 Types: bool
 
             nulls_first:
@@ -6004,9 +6220,11 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
                 Specifies whether null results are to be listed first or last
                 or scattered.
                 Default Value: None
-                Note:
-                    When "order_columns" argument is not specified, argument
-                    is ignored.
+                Notes:
+                     * When "order_columns" argument is not specified, argument
+                       is ignored.
+                     * When "order_columns" is a ColumnExpression(s), this argument
+                       is ignored.
                 Types: bool
 
             window_start_point:
@@ -6094,8 +6312,8 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
             #            between unbounded preceding and 3 preceding with
             #            "partition_columns" and "order_columns" argument with
             #            default sorting.
-            >>> window = df.Feb.window(partition_columns="Feb",
-            ...                        order_columns=["Feb", "datetime"],
+            >>> window = df.Feb.window(partition_columns=df.Feb,
+            ...                        order_columns=[df.Feb, df.datetime],
             ...                        window_start_point=None,
             ...                        window_end_point=-3)
             >>>
@@ -6104,9 +6322,8 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
             #            current row and 3 following with sorting done on 'Feb',
             #            'datetime' columns in descending order and
             #            "partition_columns" argument.
-            >>> window = df.Feb.window(partition_columns="Feb",
-            ...                        order_columns=["Feb", "datetime"],
-            ...                        sort_ascending=False,
+            >>> window = df.Feb.window(partition_columns=df.Feb,
+            ...                        order_columns=[df.Feb.desc(), df.datetime.desc()],
             ...                        window_start_point=0,
             ...                        window_end_point=3)
             >>>
@@ -6117,8 +6334,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
             #            order and NULL values in 'Feb', 'datetime'
             #            columns appears at last.
             >>> window = df.Feb.window(partition_columns="Feb",
-            ...                        order_columns=["Feb", "datetime"],
-            ...                        nulls_first=False,
+            ...                        order_columns=[df.Feb.nulls_first(), df.datetime.nulls_first()],
             ...                        window_start_point=0,
             ...                        window_end_point=None
             ...                        )
@@ -6127,10 +6343,8 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
             # Example 5: Create a grouping window, with sorting done on 'Feb',
             #            'datetime' columns in ascending order and NULL values
             #            in 'Feb', 'datetime' columns appears at last.
-            >>> window = df.Feb.window(partition_columns="Feb",
-            ...                        order_columns=["Feb", "datetime"],
-            ...                        sort_ascending=False,
-            ...                        nulls_first=False,
+            >>> window = df.Feb.window(partition_columns=df.Feb,
+            ...                        order_columns=[df.Feb.desc().nulls_last(), df.datetime.desc().nulls_last()],
             ...                        window_start_point=None,
             ...                        window_end_point=None
             ...                        )
@@ -6138,10 +6352,8 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
 
             # Example 6: Create a window on a teradataml DataFrame column, which
             #            ignores all the parameters while creating window.
-            >>> window = df.Feb.window(partition_columns="Feb",
-            ...                        order_columns=["Feb", "datetime"],
-            ...                        sort_ascending=False,
-            ...                        nulls_first=False,
+            >>> window = df.Feb.window(partition_columns=df.Feb,
+            ...                        order_columns=[df.Feb.desc().nulls_last(), df.datetime.desc().nulls_last()],
             ...                        ignore_window=True
             ...                        )
             >>>
@@ -6198,6 +6410,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
                         window_end_point=window_end_point,
                         ignore_window=ignore_window)
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_desc")
     def desc(self):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -6212,7 +6425,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
             None
 
         RETURNS:
-            An object of type _SQLColumnExpression.
+            ColumnExpression
 
         EXAMPLES:
             >>> load_example_data("dataframe","sales")
@@ -6235,6 +6448,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
         """
         return _SQLColumnExpression(self.expression.desc().label(self.name))
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_asc")
     def asc(self):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -6249,7 +6463,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
             None
 
         RETURNS:
-            An object of type _SQLColumnExpression.
+            ColumnExpression
 
         EXAMPLES:
             >>> load_example_data("dataframe","sales")
@@ -6269,6 +6483,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
         """
         return _SQLColumnExpression(self.expression.asc().label(self.name))
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_nullsFirst")
     def nulls_first(self):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -6280,7 +6495,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
             None
 
         RETURNS:
-            An object of type _SQLColumnExpression.
+            ColumnExpression
 
         EXAMPLES:
             >>> load_example_data("dataframe","sales")
@@ -6300,6 +6515,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
         """
         return _SQLColumnExpression(self.expression.nulls_first().label(self.name))
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_nullsLast")
     def nulls_last(self):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -6311,7 +6527,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
             None
 
         RETURNS:
-            An object of type _SQLColumnExpression.
+            ColumnExpression
 
         EXAMPLES:
             >>> load_example_data("dataframe","sales")
@@ -6331,6 +6547,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
         """
         return _SQLColumnExpression(self.expression.nulls_last().label(self.name))
 
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_distinct")
     def distinct(self):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
@@ -6345,7 +6562,7 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
             None
 
         RETURNS:
-            An object of type _SQLColumnExpression.
+            ColumnExpression
 
         EXAMPLES:
             >>> from teradataml import *
@@ -6370,63 +6587,3504 @@ class _SQLColumnExpression(_LogicalColumnExpression,
         """
         return _SQLColumnExpression(self.expression.distinct().label(self.name))
 
-    def __get_columns(self, col_expr):
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_ilike")
+    def ilike(self, other):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
-            Function to get the columns involved in a sqlalchemy expression.
+            Function which is used to match the pattern.
 
         PARAMETERS:
-            col_expr:
+            other:
                 Required Argument.
-                Specifies the sqlalchemy expression.
-                Types: BinaryExpression OR Grouping OR GenericFunction OR ClauseList OR Column
+                Specifies a string to match. String match is case insensitive.
+                Types: str
 
-        RAISES:
-            None
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            >>> load_example_data("dataframe","admissions_train")
+            >>> df = DataFrame.from_table('admissions_train')
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted
+            id
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            5       no  3.44    Novice      Novice         0
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0
+            15     yes  4.00  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            40     yes  3.95    Novice    Beginner         0
+            7      yes  2.33    Novice      Novice         1
+            22     yes  3.46    Novice    Beginner         0
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1
+
+            # Example 1: Find out the records whose stats starts with 'A'.
+            >>> df = df[df.stats.ilike('a%')]
+            >>> df
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted
+            id
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0
+            15     yes  4.00  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            17      no  3.83  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            34     yes  3.85  Advanced    Beginner         0
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1
+            24      no  1.87  Advanced      Novice         1
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0
+            27     yes  3.96  Advanced    Advanced         0
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 2: Create a new Column with values as -
+            #            1 if value of column 'stats' starts with 'a' and third letter is 'v',
+            #            0 otherwise. Ignore case.
+            >>> df.assign(new_col = case_when((df.stats.ilike('a_v%').expression, 1), else_=0))
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted  n
+            id
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1  1
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1  1
+            5       no  3.44    Novice      Novice         0  0
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0  1
+            15     yes  4.00  Advanced    Advanced         1  1
+            40     yes  3.95    Novice    Beginner         0  0
+            7      yes  2.33    Novice      Novice         1  0
+            22     yes  3.46    Novice    Beginner         0  0
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0  1
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1  1
+            >>>
+        """
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(
+            literal_column("{} (NOT CASESPECIFIC) LIKE '{}'".format(self.compile(), other)))
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_like")
+    def like(self, other):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function which is used to match the pattern.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            other:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies a string to match. String match is case insensitive.
+                Types: str
 
         RETURNS:
-            list
+            ColumnExpression.
 
         EXAMPLES:
-            >>> self.__get_columns(self.expression)
+            >>> load_example_data("dataframe","admissions_train")
+            >>> df = DataFrame.from_table('admissions_train')
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted
+            id
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            5       no  3.44    Novice      Novice         0
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0
+            15     yes  4.00  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            40     yes  3.95    Novice    Beginner         0
+            7      yes  2.33    Novice      Novice         1
+            22     yes  3.46    Novice    Beginner         0
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1
+
+            # Example 1: Find out the records whose stats starts with 'A'.
+            >>> df = df[df.stats.like('A%')]
+            >>> df
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted
+            id
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0
+            15     yes  4.00  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            17      no  3.83  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            34     yes  3.85  Advanced    Beginner         0
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1
+            24      no  1.87  Advanced      Novice         1
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0
+            27     yes  3.96  Advanced    Advanced         0
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 2: Create a new Column with values as -
+            #            1 if value of column 'stats' starts with 'A' and third letter is 'v',
+            #            0 otherwise. Do not ignore case.
+            >>> df.assign(new_col = case_when((df.stats.like('A_v%').expression, 1), else_=0))
+            >>> df
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted  n
+            id
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1  1
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1  1
+            5       no  3.44    Novice      Novice         0  0
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0  1
+            15     yes  4.00  Advanced    Advanced         1  1
+            40     yes  3.95    Novice    Beginner         0  0
+            7      yes  2.33    Novice      Novice         1  0
+            22     yes  3.46    Novice    Beginner         0  0
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0  1
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1  1
+            >>>
         """
-        # If it is a column, return the name of the column.
-        if isinstance(col_expr, Column):
-            return [col_expr.name]
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(
+            literal_column("{} (CASESPECIFIC) LIKE '{}'".format(self.compile(), other)))
 
-        # Every other type exposes a method to retrieve the children. Recursively, walk through all
-        # the childs till a Column or a Bind Parameter is reached.
-        elif isinstance(col_expr, (BinaryExpression, Grouping, GenericFunction, ClauseList, Function)):
-            res = []
-            for c in col_expr.get_children():
-                res = res + self.__get_columns(c)
-            return res
-        else:
-            try:
-                if isinstance(col_expr, ExpressionClauseList):
-                    res = []
-                    for c in col_expr.get_children():
-                        res = res + self.__get_columns(c)
-                    return res
-            except NameError:
-                pass
-        # If the child is a Bind Parameter, return empty string.
-        return []
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_startswith")
+    def startswith(self, other):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function to check whether the column value starts with the specified value or not.
 
-    @property
-    def _all_columns(self):
+        PARAMETERS:
+            other:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies a string literal or ColumnExpression to match.
+                Types: str OR ColumnExpression
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            >>> load_example_data("ntree", "employee_table")
+            >>> df = DataFrame("employee_table")
+            >>> df
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name
+            emp_id
+            200         Pat   100.0      Don
+            300       Donna   100.0      Don
+            400         Kim   200.0      Pat
+            500        Fred   400.0      Kim
+            100         Don     NaN       NA
+
+            # Example 1: Find out the employees whose name starts with their managers name.
+            >>> df[df.emp_name.startswith(df.mgr_name)]
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name
+            emp_id
+            300       Donna     100      Don
+
+            # Example 2: Find out the employees whose manager name starts with Don.
+            >>> df[df.mgr_name.startswith('Don')]
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name
+            emp_id
+            300       Donna     100      Don
+            200         Pat     100      Don
+
+            # Example 3: Create a new column with values as
+            #            1, if employees manager name starts with 'Don'.
+            #            0, else.
+            >>> df.assign(new_col=case_when((df.mgr_name.startswith('Don').expression, 1), else_=0))
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name new_col
+            emp_id
+            300       Donna   100.0      Don       1
+            500        Fred   400.0      Kim       0
+            100         Don     NaN       NA       0
+            400         Kim   200.0      Pat       0
+            200         Pat   100.0      Don       1
+        """
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(
+            self.regexp_instr(other, 1, 1, 0).expression == 1,
+            type=INTEGER)
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_endswith")
+    def endswith(self, other):
         """
         DESCRIPTION:
-            A property to get the columns involved in ColumnExpression.
+            Function to check whether the column value ends with the specified value or not.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            other:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies a string literal or ColumnExpression to match.
+                Types: str OR ColumnExpression
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            >>> load_example_data("ntree", "employee_table")
+            >>> df = DataFrame("employee_table")
+            >>> df = df.assign(new_col = 'on')
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name new_col
+            emp_id
+            300       Donna   100.0      Don      on
+            500        Fred   400.0      Kim      on
+            100         Don     NaN       NA      on
+            400         Kim   200.0      Pat      on
+            200         Pat   100.0      Don      on
+
+            # Example 1: Find out the employees whose manager name ends
+            #            with values in column 'new_col'.
+            >>> df[df.mgr_name.endswith(df.new_col)]
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name new_col
+            emp_id
+            300       Donna     100      Don      on
+            200         Pat     100      Don      on
+
+            # Example 2: Find out the employees whose name starts with
+            #            'D' and ends with 'n'.
+            >>> df[df.emp_name.startswith('D') & df.emp_name.endswith('n')]
+                   emp_name mgr_id mgr_name new_col
+            emp_id
+            100         Don   None       NA      on
+
+            # Example 3: Create a new column with values as
+            #            1, if employees manager name ends with 'im'.
+            #            0, else.
+            >>> df.assign(new_col=case_when((df.mgr_name.endswith('im').expression, 1), else_=0))
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name new_col
+            emp_id
+            300       Donna   100.0      Don       0
+            500        Fred   400.0      Kim       1
+            100         Don     NaN       NA       0
+            400         Kim   200.0      Pat       0
+            200         Pat   100.0      Don       0
+        """
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(
+            self.regexp_instr(other, 1, 1, 1).expression == self.length().expression+1,
+            type=INTEGER)
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_substr")
+    def substr(self, start_pos, length):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function to get substring from column.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            start_pos:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies starting position to extract string from column.
+                Note:
+                    Index position starts with 1 instead of 0.
+                Types: int
+
+            length:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies the length of the string to extract from column.
+                Types: int
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            >>> load_example_data("ntree", "employee_table")
+            >>> df = DataFrame("employee_table")
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name
+            emp_id
+            200         Pat   100.0      Don
+            300       Donna   100.0      Don
+            400         Kim   200.0      Pat
+            500        Fred   400.0      Kim
+            100         Don     NaN       NA
+
+            # Example 1: Create a new column by extracting the first 3 letters
+            #            from column emp_name.
+            >>> df.assign(new_column = df.emp_name.substr(1,3))
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name new_column
+            emp_id
+            200         Pat   100.0      Don        Pat
+            300       Donna   100.0      Don        Don
+            400         Kim   200.0      Pat        Kim
+            500        Fred   400.0      Kim        Fre
+            100         Don     NaN       NA        Don
+
+            # Example 2: Find out the employees whose first three letters
+            #            in their name is 'Fre'.
+            >>> df[df.emp_name.substr(1,3) == 'Fre']
+                   emp_name  mgr_id mgr_name new_col
+            emp_id
+            500        Fred     400      Kim      on
+        """
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(func.substr(self.expression, start_pos, length),
+                                    type=self.type)
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_replace")
+    def replace(self, to_replace, value=None):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function replaces every occurrence of "to_replace" in the column
+            with the "value". Use this function to replace a value from string.
+            Note:
+                The function replaces value in a string column only when it
+                matches completely. If you want to replace a value in a string
+                column with only a portion of the string, then use function
+                oreplace.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            to_replace:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies a ColumnExpression or a literal that the function
+                searches for values in the Column. Use ColumnExpression when
+                you want to match the condition based on a DataFrameColumn
+                function, else use literal.
+                Note:
+                    Only ColumnExpressions generated from DataFrameColumn
+                    functions are supported. BinaryExpressions are not supported.
+                    Example: Consider teradataml DataFrame has two columns COL1, COL2.
+                             df.COL1.abs() is supported but df.COL1 == df.COL2 is not
+                             supported.
+                Supported column types: CHAR, VARCHAR, FLOAT, INTEGER, DECIMAL
+                Types: ColumnExpression OR int OR float OR str OR dict
+
+            value:
+                Required argument when "to_replace" is not a dictionary. Optional otherwise.
+                Specifies a ColumnExpression or a literal that replaces
+                the "to_replace" in the column. Use ColumnExpression when
+                you want to replace based on a DataFrameColumn function, else
+                use literal.
+                Notes:
+                     * Argument is ignored if "to_replace" is a dictionary.
+                     * Only ColumnExpressions generated from DataFrameColumn
+                       functions are supported. BinaryExpressions are not supported.
+                       Example: Consider teradataml DataFrame has two columns COL1, COL2.
+                                df.COL1.abs() is supported but df.COL1 == df.COL2 is not
+                                supported.
+                Supported column types: CHAR, VARCHAR, FLOAT, INTEGER, DECIMAL
+                Types: ColumnExpression OR int OR float OR str
 
         RAISES:
-            None
+            TeradataMlException
 
         RETURNS:
-            list
+            ColumnExpression
 
         EXAMPLES:
-            >>> self._all_columns
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("teradataml", "chi_sq")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'chi_sq' table.
+            >>> df = DataFrame("chi_sq")
+            >>> print(df)
+                    dem  rep
+            gender
+            female    6    9
+            male      8    5
+
+            # Example 1: Create a new column 'new_column' by replacing all the
+            #            occurances of 'male' with 'man' in Column 'gender'.
+            >>> res = df.assign(new_column = df.gender.replace("male", "man"))
+            >>> print(res)
+                    dem  rep new_column
+            gender
+            male      8    5        man
+            female    6    9     female
+
+            # Example 2: Create a new Column 'new_column' by replacing all the
+            #            occurances of 5 with square root of 5 in Column 'rep'.
+            >>> print(df.assign(new_column = df.rep.replace(5, df.rep.sqrt())))
+                    dem  rep  new_column
+            gender
+            male      8    5    2.236068
+            female    6    9    9.000000
+
+            # Example 3: Create a new Column 'new_column' by replacing all the
+            #            occurances of 5 with square root of 5 and 9 with
+            #            the values of Column 'dem' in Column 'rep'.
+            >>> print(df.assign(new_column = df.rep.replace({5: df.rep.sqrt(), 9:df.dem})))
+                    dem  rep  new_column
+            gender
+            male      8    5    2.236068
+            female    6    9    6.000000
+
+            # Example 4: Create a new Column 'new_column' by replacing all the
+            #            the values of Column 'rep' with it's square root.
+            >>> print(df.assign(new_column = df.rep.replace({df.rep: df.rep.sqrt()})))
+                    dem  rep  new_column
+            gender
+            female    6    9    3.000000
+            male      8    5    2.236068
+        """
+        _validation_matrix = []
+
+        _validation_matrix.append(["to_replace", to_replace, True, (int, float, str, dict, _SQLColumnExpression), True])
+        _validation_matrix.append(["value", value, True, (int, float, str, _SQLColumnExpression)])
+        _Validators._validate_function_arguments(_validation_matrix)
+
+        # Convert to dictionary if it is not a dictionary.
+        if not isinstance(to_replace, dict):
+            to_replace = {to_replace: value}
+
+        exp = []
+        for f_, t_ in to_replace.items():
+            f_ = f_.expression if isinstance(f_, _SQLColumnExpression) else f_
+            t_ = t_.expression if isinstance(t_, _SQLColumnExpression) else t_
+            exp.append((self.expression == f_, t_))
+
+        expression = case_when(*exp, else_=self.expression)
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(expression, type=self.type)
+
+    def _get_sql_columns(self, *columns):
         """
-        return list(set(self.__get_columns(self.expression)))
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Get the list of columns names.
 
+        PARAMETERS:
+            *columns:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies the name(s) of the columns or ColumnExpression(s)
+                as positional arguments.
+                At least one positional argument is required.
+                Types: str OR int OR float OR ColumnExpression OR ColumnExpressions
+
+        RETURNS:
+            list
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            self._get_sql_columns(df.price, df.lotsize, df.bedrooms)
+
+        """
+        arg_info_matrix = []
+        expected_data_types = (str, int, float, ColumnExpression)
+
+        get_expr = lambda col: col.expression if isinstance(col, ColumnExpression)\
+            else col
+        columns_ = [get_expr(self)]
+
+        for column in columns:
+            arg_info_matrix.append(["columns", column, False, expected_data_types, True])
+            columns_ = columns_ + [get_expr(column)]
+
+        _Validators._validate_function_arguments(arg_info_matrix)
+
+        return columns_
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_greatest")
+    def greatest(self, *columns):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Get the greatest values from the given columns.
+            Note:
+                * All of the input columns type must be of same data
+                  type or else the types must be compatible.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            *columns:
+                Specifies the name(s) of the columns or ColumnExpression(s)
+                as positional arguments.
+                At least one positional argument is required.
+                Types: str OR int OR float OR ColumnExpression OR ColumnExpressions
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("glmpredict", "housing_test")
+            >>>
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'housing_test' table.
+            >>> df = DataFrame("housing_test")
+            >>> df = df.select(["sn", "price", "lotsize", "bedrooms", "bathrms", "stories"])
+            >>> df
+                   price  lotsize  bedrooms  bathrms  stories
+            sn
+            364  72000.0  10700.0         3        1        2
+            13   27000.0   1700.0         3        1        2
+            459  44555.0   2398.0         3        1        1
+            463  49000.0   2610.0         3        1        2
+            260  41000.0   6000.0         2        1        1
+            177  70000.0   5400.0         4        1        2
+            53   68000.0   9166.0         2        1        1
+            440  69000.0   6862.0         3        1        2
+            255  61000.0   4360.0         4        1        2
+            301  55000.0   4080.0         2        1        1
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 1: Find the greatest values in the columns "price" and "lotsize".
+            >>> gt_df = df.assign(gt_col=df.price.greatest(df.lotsize))
+            >>> gt_df
+                   price  lotsize  bedrooms  bathrms  stories   gt_col
+            sn
+            364  72000.0  10700.0         3        1        2  72000.0
+            13   27000.0   1700.0         3        1        2  27000.0
+            459  44555.0   2398.0         3        1        1  44555.0
+            463  49000.0   2610.0         3        1        2  49000.0
+            260  41000.0   6000.0         2        1        1  41000.0
+            177  70000.0   5400.0         4        1        2  70000.0
+            53   68000.0   9166.0         2        1        1  68000.0
+            440  69000.0   6862.0         3        1        2  69000.0
+            255  61000.0   4360.0         4        1        2  61000.0
+            301  55000.0   4080.0         2        1        1  55000.0
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 2: Find the greatest values in the columns "price", "lotsize" and 70000.0.
+            >>> gt_df = df.assign(gt_col=df.price.greatest(df.lotsize, 70000))
+            >>> gt_df
+                   price  lotsize  bedrooms  bathrms  stories   gt_col
+            sn
+            364  72000.0  10700.0         3        1        2  72000.0
+            13   27000.0   1700.0         3        1        2  70000.0
+            459  44555.0   2398.0         3        1        1  70000.0
+            463  49000.0   2610.0         3        1        2  70000.0
+            260  41000.0   6000.0         2        1        1  70000.0
+            177  70000.0   5400.0         4        1        2  70000.0
+            53   68000.0   9166.0         2        1        1  70000.0
+            440  69000.0   6862.0         3        1        2  70000.0
+            255  61000.0   4360.0         4        1        2  70000.0
+            301  55000.0   4080.0         2        1        1  70000.0
+            >>>
+
+        """
+        cols = self._get_sql_columns(*columns)
+
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(func.greatest(*cols),
+                                    type=cols[0].type)
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_least")
+    def least(self, *columns):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Get the least values from the given columns.
+            Note:
+                * All of the input columns type must be of same data
+                  type or else the types must be compatible.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            *columns:
+                Specifies the name(s) of the columns or ColumnExpression(s)
+                as positional arguments.
+                At least one positional argument is required.
+                Types: str or int or float or ColumnExpression OR ColumnExpressions
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("glmpredict", "housing_test")
+            >>>
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'housing_test' table.
+            >>> df = DataFrame("housing_test")
+            >>> df = df.select(["sn", "price", "lotsize", "bedrooms", "bathrms", "stories"])
+            >>> df
+                   price  lotsize  bedrooms  bathrms  stories
+            sn
+            364  72000.0  10700.0         3        1        2
+            13   27000.0   1700.0         3        1        2
+            459  44555.0   2398.0         3        1        1
+            463  49000.0   2610.0         3        1        2
+            260  41000.0   6000.0         2        1        1
+            177  70000.0   5400.0         4        1        2
+            53   68000.0   9166.0         2        1        1
+            440  69000.0   6862.0         3        1        2
+            255  61000.0   4360.0         4        1        2
+            301  55000.0   4080.0         2        1        1
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 1: Find the least values in the columns "price" and "lotsize".
+            >>> lt_df = df.assign(lt_col=df.price.least(df.lotsize))
+            >>> lt_df
+                   price  lotsize  bedrooms  bathrms  stories   lt_col
+            sn
+            364  72000.0  10700.0         3        1        2  10700.0
+            13   27000.0   1700.0         3        1        2   1700.0
+            459  44555.0   2398.0         3        1        1   2398.0
+            463  49000.0   2610.0         3        1        2   2610.0
+            260  41000.0   6000.0         2        1        1   6000.0
+            177  70000.0   5400.0         4        1        2   5400.0
+            53   68000.0   9166.0         2        1        1   9166.0
+            440  69000.0   6862.0         3        1        2   6862.0
+            255  61000.0   4360.0         4        1        2   4360.0
+            301  55000.0   4080.0         2        1        1   4080.0
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 2: Find the least values in the columns "price", "lotsize" and 70000.0.
+            >>> lt_df = df.assign(lt_col=df.price.least(df.lotsize, 70000))
+            >>> lt_df
+                   price  lotsize  bedrooms  bathrms  stories   lt_col
+            sn
+            260  41000.0   6000.0         2        1        1   6000.0
+            38   67000.0   5170.0         3        1        4   5170.0
+            364  72000.0  10700.0         3        1        2  10700.0
+            301  55000.0   4080.0         2        1        1   4080.0
+            459  44555.0   2398.0         3        1        1   2398.0
+            177  70000.0   5400.0         4        1        2   5400.0
+            53   68000.0   9166.0         2        1        1   9166.0
+            440  69000.0   6862.0         3        1        2   6862.0
+            13   27000.0   1700.0         3        1        2   1700.0
+            469  55000.0   2176.0         2        1        2   2176.0
+            >>>
+
+        """
+        cols = self._get_sql_columns(*columns)
+
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(func.least(*cols),
+                                    type=cols[0].type)
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_cbrt")
+    def cbrt(self):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function to compute cube root of the column.
+            Note:
+                Function computes cuberoot for column only when it's values are positive.
+                Else, the function fails.
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("teradataml","titanic")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'titanic' table.
+            >>> titanic = DataFrame.from_table('titanic')
+            >>> df = titanic.select(["passenger", "age", "fare"])
+            >>> print(df)
+                        age      fare
+            passenger
+            326        36.0  135.6333
+            183         9.0   31.3875
+            652        18.0   23.0000
+            265         NaN    7.7500
+            530        23.0   11.5000
+            122         NaN    8.0500
+            591        35.0    7.1250
+            387         1.0   46.9000
+            734        23.0   13.0000
+            795        25.0    7.8958
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 1: Compute cuberoot values in "fare" and pass it as input to
+            #           DataFrame.assign().
+            >>> cbrt_df = df.assign(fare_cbrt=df.fare.cbrt())
+            >>> print(cbrt_df)
+                        age      fare  fare_cbrt
+            passenger
+            326        36.0  135.6333   5.137937
+            183         9.0   31.3875   3.154416
+            652        18.0   23.0000   2.843867
+            40         14.0   11.2417   2.240151
+            774         NaN    7.2250   1.933211
+            366        30.0    7.2500   1.935438
+            509        28.0   22.5250   2.824153
+            795        25.0    7.8958   1.991279
+            61         22.0    7.2292   1.933586
+            469         NaN    7.7250   1.976816
+            >>>
+        """
+        return (self.ln()/3).exp()
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_hex")
+    def hex(self):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function to compute the Hexadecimal from decimal for the column.
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("teradataml","titanic")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'titanic' table.
+            >>> titanic = DataFrame.from_table('titanic')
+            >>> df = titanic.select(["passenger", "age", "fare"])
+            >>> print(df)
+                        age      fare
+            passenger
+            326        36.0  135.6333
+            183         9.0   31.3875
+            652        18.0   23.0000
+            265         NaN    7.7500
+            530        23.0   11.5000
+            122         NaN    8.0500
+            591        35.0    7.1250
+            387         1.0   46.9000
+            734        23.0   13.0000
+            795        25.0    7.8958
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 1: Converts values in "age" decimal to hexadecimal and pass it as input to
+            #            DataFrame.assign().
+            >>> hex_df = df.assign(age_in_hex=df.age.hex())
+            >>> print(hex_df)
+                        age    fare age_in_hex
+            passenger
+            530        23.0  11.500         17
+            591        35.0   7.125         23
+            387         1.0  46.900          1
+            856        18.0   9.350         12
+            244        22.0   7.125         16
+            713        48.0  52.000         30
+            448        34.0  26.550         22
+            122         NaN   8.050       None
+            734        23.0  13.000         17
+            265         NaN   7.750       None
+            >>>
+        """
+        return self.to_byte('base10').from_byte('base16')
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_unhex")
+    def unhex(self):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function to compute the decimal from Hexadecimal for the column.
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("teradataml","titanic")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'titanic' table.
+            >>> titanic = DataFrame.from_table('titanic')
+            >>> df = titanic.select(["passenger", "age", "fare"])
+            >>> print(df)
+                        age      fare
+            passenger
+            326        36.0  135.6333
+            183         9.0   31.3875
+            652        18.0   23.0000
+            265         NaN    7.7500
+            530        23.0   11.5000
+            122         NaN    8.0500
+            591        35.0    7.1250
+            387         1.0   46.9000
+            734        23.0   13.0000
+            795        25.0    7.8958
+            >>>
+
+            # create a "age_in_hex" column which contains hexadecimal values
+            >>> hex_df = df.assign(age_in_hex=df.age.hex())
+            >>> print(hex_df)
+                        age    fare age_in_hex
+            passenger
+            530        23.0  11.500         17
+            591        35.0   7.125         23
+            387         1.0  46.900          1
+            856        18.0   9.350         12
+            244        22.0   7.125         16
+            713        48.0  52.000         30
+            448        34.0  26.550         22
+            122         NaN   8.050       None
+            734        23.0  13.000         17
+            265         NaN   7.750       None
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 1: Converts values in "age_in_hex" hexadecimal to decimal and pass it as input to
+            #            DataFrame.assign().
+            >>> unhex_df = hex_df.assign(age_in_decimal=hex_df.age_in_hex.unhex())
+            >>> print(unhex_df)
+                        age      fare age_in_hex age_in_decimal
+            passenger
+            326        36.0  135.6333         24             36
+            183         9.0   31.3875          9              9
+            652        18.0   23.0000         12             18
+            40         14.0   11.2417          E             14
+            774         NaN    7.2250       None           None
+            366        30.0    7.2500         1E             30
+            509        28.0   22.5250         1C             28
+            795        25.0    7.8958         19             25
+            61         22.0    7.2292         16             22
+            469         NaN    7.7250       None           None
+            >>>
+        """
+        return  self.to_byte('base16').from_byte('base10')
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_toByte")
+    def to_byte(self, encoding='base10'):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            The function decodes a sequence of characters in a given
+            encoding into a sequence of bits.
+            Note:
+                * By default, consider DataFrame column as 'base10' and encodes
+                  into a sequence of bits.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            encoding:
+                Optional Argument.
+                Specifies encoding "to_byte" uses to return the sequence of characters
+                specified by column.
+                The following encodings are supported:
+                    * BaseX
+                    * BaseY
+                    * Base64M (MIME)
+                    * ASCII
+                    where X is a power of 2 (for example, 2, 8, 16) and
+                    Y is not a power of 2 (for example, 10 and 36).
+                Default Value: 'base10'
+                Types: str
+
+        Returns:
+            ColumnExpression.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("dataframe", "bytes_table")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'bytes_table' table.
+            >>> df = DataFrame("bytes_table")
+            >>> print(df)
+                   byte_col      varbyte_col             blob_col
+            id_col
+            2         b'61'  b'616263643132'  b'6162636431323233'
+            1         b'62'      b'62717765'  b'3331363136323633'
+            0         b'63'      b'627A7863'  b'3330363136323633'
+
+            # Example 1: Converts values in "id_col" to bytes and pass it as input to
+            #           DataFrame.assign().
+            >>> byte_df = df.assign(byte_col = df.id_col.to_byte())
+            >>> print(byte_df)
+                    byte_col      varbyte_col             blob_col   byte_col
+            id_col
+            2         b'61'      b'627A7863'  b'6162636431323233...'  b'2'
+            1         b'62'  b'616263643132'  b'3331363136323633...'  b'1'
+            0         b'63'      b'62717765'  b'3330363136323633...'   b''
+            >>>
+        """
+        arg_validate = []
+        arg_validate.append(["encoding", encoding, True, (str), True])
+
+        # Validate argument types
+        _Validators._validate_function_arguments(arg_validate)
+
+        expression_=self.expression
+        if not isinstance(self.type, VARCHAR):
+            expression_ = self.cast(type_=VARCHAR).expression
+
+        expression_=func.to_bytes(expression_, encoding)
+        return  _SQLColumnExpression(expression_, type=VARBYTE())
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_fromByte")
+    def from_byte(self, encoding='base10'):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            The function encodes a sequence of bits into a sequence of characters.
+            Note:
+                * By default it converts a sequence of bits to 'base10', which is decimal.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            encoding:
+                Optional Argument.
+                Specifies encoding "from_byte" uses to encode the sequence of characters
+                specified by column.
+                The following encodings are supported:
+                    * BaseX
+                    * BaseY
+                    * Base64M (MIME)
+                    * ASCII
+                    where X is a power of 2 (for example, 2, 8, 16) and
+                    Y is not a power of 2 (for example, 10 and 36).
+                Default Value: 'base10'
+                Types: str
+
+        Returns:
+            ColumnExpression.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("dataframe", "bytes_table")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'bytes_table' table.
+            >>> df = DataFrame("bytes_table")
+            >>> print(df)
+                   byte_col      varbyte_col             blob_col
+            id_col
+            2         b'61'  b'616263643132'  b'6162636431323233'
+            1         b'62'      b'62717765'  b'3331363136323633'
+            0         b'63'      b'627A7863'  b'3330363136323633'
+
+            # Example 1: Converts values in "byte_col" to decimal and pass it as input to
+            #           DataFrame.assign().
+            >>> decimal_df = df.assign(decimal_col = df.byte_col.from_byte())
+            >>> print(decimal_df)
+                    byte_col      varbyte_col             blob_col decimal_col
+            id_col
+            2         b'61'      b'627A7863'  b'6162636431323233...'  97
+            1         b'62'  b'616263643132'  b'3331363136323633...'  98
+            0         b'63'      b'62717765'  b'3330363136323633...'  99
+            >>>
+        """
+        arg_validate = []
+        arg_validate.append(["encoding", encoding, True, (str), True])
+
+        # Validate argument types
+        _Validators._validate_function_arguments(arg_validate)
+        expression_=func.from_bytes(self.expression, encoding)
+        return  _SQLColumnExpression(expression_, type=VARCHAR())
+
+    @collect_queryband(queryband="DFC_hypot")
+    def hypot(self, other):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function to compute the hypotenuse.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            other:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies DataFrame column for calculation of hypotenuse.
+                Types: int or float or str or ColumnExpression
+
+        Returns:
+            ColumnExpression
+
+        Examples:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("teradataml","titanic")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'titanic' table.
+            >>> titanic = DataFrame.from_table('titanic')
+            >>> df = titanic.select(["passenger", "age", "fare"])
+            >>> print(df)
+                        age      fare
+            passenger
+            326        36.0  135.6333
+            183         9.0   31.3875
+            652        18.0   23.0000
+            265         NaN    7.7500
+            530        23.0   11.5000
+            122         NaN    8.0500
+            591        35.0    7.1250
+            387         1.0   46.9000
+            734        23.0   13.0000
+            795        25.0    7.8958
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 1: compute hypotenuse of two columns fare and age.
+            >>> hypot_df = df.assign(hypot_column=df.fare.hypot(titanic.age))
+            >>> print(hypot_df)
+                        age      fare  hypot_column
+            passenger
+            326        36.0  135.6333    140.329584
+            183         9.0   31.3875     32.652338
+            652        18.0   23.0000     29.206164
+            40         14.0   11.2417     17.954827
+            774         NaN    7.2250           NaN
+            366        30.0    7.2500     30.863611
+            509        28.0   22.5250     35.935715
+            795        25.0    7.8958     26.217240
+            61         22.0    7.2292     23.157317
+            469         NaN    7.7250           NaN
+            >>>
+        """
+        arg_validate = []
+        arg_validate.append(["other", other, False, (int, float, str, ColumnExpression), True])
+
+        # Validate argument types
+        _Validators._validate_function_arguments(arg_validate)
+
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            other = getattr(self._parent_df, other)
+
+        return ((self * self) + (other * other)).sqrt()
+
+    def format(self, formatter):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function to format the values in column based on formatter.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            formatter:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies a variable length string containing formatting characters
+                that define the display format for the data type.
+                Formats can be specified for columns that have character, numeric, byte,
+                DateTime, Period or UDT data types.
+                Note:
+                    If the "formatter" does not include a sign character or a signed zoned decimal character,
+                    then the sign for a negative value is discarded and the output is displayed as a positive
+                    number.
+
+                Types: str
+
+                Following tables provide information about different formatters on numeric and
+                date/time type columns:
+                      The formatting characters determine whether the output of numeric data is considered
+                      to be monetary or non-monetary. Numeric information is considered to be monetary if the
+                      "formatter" contains a currency symbol.
+                      Note:
+                          Formatting characters are case insensitive.
+                      The result of a formatted numeric string is right-justified.
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    formatter                                   description                                       |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    G              Invokes the currency grouping rule defined by CurrencyGroupingRule in the SDF. |
+                    |                   The value of CurrencyGroupSeparator in the current SDF is copied to the output |
+                    |                   string to separate groups of digits to the left of the currency radix separator|
+                    |                   ,according to the currency grouping rule defined by CurrencyGroupingRule.      |
+                    |                   Grouping applies to only the integer portion of floating numbers.              |
+                    |                   The G must appear as the first character in a "formatter".                     |
+                    |                   A currency character, such as L or C, must also appear in the "formatter".     |
+                    |                   If the "formatter" does not contain the letter G, no grouping is               |
+                    |                   done on the output string.                                                     |
+                    |                   The G cannot appear in a "formatter" that contains any of the following        |
+                    |                   characters:                                                                    |
+                    |                       * ,                                                                        |
+                    |                       * .                                                                        |
+                    |                       * /                                                                        |
+                    |                       * :                                                                        |
+                    |                       * S                                                                        |
+                    |                   Examples:                                                                      |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    -12345678.90       'G--(8)D9(2)'         -12,345,678.90    |          |
+                    |                       |    1234567890         'G-(10)9'             1.234.567.890     |          |
+                    |                       |    9988.77            'GLLZ(I)D9(F)'        $9,988.77         |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    /              Insertion characters.                                                          |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    :              Copied to output string where they appear in the "formatter".                  |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    %              The % insertion character cannot appear in a "formatter" that contains S,      |
+                    |                   and cannot appear between digits in a "formatter" that contains G, D, or E.    |
+                    |                   For example, GL9999D99% is valid, but L9(9)D99%E999 is not.                    |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                   The / and : insertion characters cannot appear in a "formatter" that           |
+                    |                   contains any of the following characters:                                      |
+                    |                        * G                                                                       |
+                    |                        * D                                                                       |
+                    |                        * S                                                                       |
+                    |                   Examples:                                                                      |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    1234567891         '9(8)/9(2)'           12345678/91       |          |
+                    |                       |    1234567891         '9(8):9(2)'           12345678:91       |          |
+                    |                       |    1234567891         '9(8)%9(2)'           12345678%91       |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    B             Insertion character.                                                            |
+                    |                  A blank space is copied to the output string wherever a B appears in the FORMAT |
+                    |                  phrase.                                                                         |
+                    |                  B cannot appear between digits in a "formatter" that contains G, D, or E.       |
+                    |                  For example, GNB99D99 is valid, but G9(9)BD99 is not.                           |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    998877.66         '-Z(I)BN'              998878 US Dollars |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    +             Sign characters.                                                                |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    -             These characters can appear at the beginning or end of a format string,         |
+                    |                  but cannot appear between Z or 9 characters, or between repeated currency       |
+                    |                  characters. One sign character places the edit character in a fixed position    |
+                    |                  for the output string.                                                          |
+                    |                  If two or more of these characters are present, the sign floats (moves to the   |
+                    |                  position just to the left of the number as determined by the stated structure). |
+                    |                  Repeated sign characters must appear to the left of formatting characters       |
+                    |                  consisting of a combination of the radix and any 9 formatting characters.       |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  If a group of repeated sign characters appears in a "formatter" with a group    |
+                    |                  of repeated Z characters or a group of repeated currency characters or both, the|
+                    |                  groups must be contiguous. For example, +++$$$ZZZ.                              |
+                    |                  One trailing sign character can occur to the right of any digits, and can       |
+                    |                  combine with B and one currency character or currency sign. For example,        |
+                    |                  G9(I)B+L. The trailing sign character for a mantissa cannot appear to the right |
+                    |                  of the exponent.                                                                |
+                    |                  For example, 999D999E+999+ is invalid.                                          |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  The + translates to + or - as appropriate; the - translates to - or blank.      |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    0034567890         '--(8)D9(2)'           34567890.00      |          |
+                    |                       |    -0034567890        '++(8)D9(2)'          -34567890.00      |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    $             Currency signs:                                                                 |
+                    |                  * $ means Dollar sign.                                                          |
+                    |    £             * £ means Pound sterling.                                                       |
+                    |                  * ¥ means Yen sign.                                                             |
+                    |    ¥             * ¤ means general currency sign.                                                |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    ¤             A currency sign cannot appear between Z or 9 formatting characters, or between  |
+                    |                  repeated sign characters.                                                       |
+                    |                  One currency sign places the edit character in a fixed position for the output  |
+                    |                  string.                                                                         |
+                    |                  If a result is formatted using a single currency sign with Zs for               |
+                    |                  zero-suppressed decimal digits (for example, £ZZ9.99), blanks can occur between |
+                    |                  the currency sign and the leftmost nonzero digit of the number.                 |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  If the same currency sign appears more than once, the sign floats to the right, |
+                    |                  leaving no blanks between it and the leftmost digit.                            |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  A currency sign cannot appear in the same phrase with a currency character,     |
+                    |                  such as L.                                                                      |
+                    |                  If + or - is present, the currency character cannot precede it.                 |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  If a group of repeated currency signs appears in a "formatter" with a group of  |
+                    |                  repeated sign characters or a group of repeated Z characters or both, the groups|
+                    |                  must be contiguous. For example, +++$$$ZZZ.                                     |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  One currency sign can occur to the right of any digits, and can combine with B  |
+                    |                  and one trailing sign character. For example, G9(I)B+$.                         |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  A currency sign cannot appear to the right of an exponent. For example,         |
+                    |                  999D999E+999B+$ is invalid.                                                     |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    1                 '$(5).9(2)'            $1.00             |          |
+                    |                       |    .069              '$$9.99'               $0.07             |          |
+                    |                       |    1095              '$$9.99'               ******            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    L             Currency characters.                                                            |
+                    |                  The value of the corresponding currency string in the current SDF is copied to  |
+                    |    C             the output string whenever the character appears in the "formatter".            |
+                    |                      * L in a "formatter" is interpreted as the currency symbol and the value    |
+                    |    N                   of the Currency string in the SDF is copied to the output string.         |
+                    |                      * C in a "formatter" is interpreted as the ISO currency symbol and the      |
+                    |    O                   value of the ISOCurrency string in the SDF is copied to the output        |
+                    |                        string.                                                                   |
+                    |                      * N in a "formatter" is interpreted as the full currency name, such as Yen  |
+                    |    U                   or Kroner, and the value of the CurrencyName string in the SDF is copied  |
+                    |                        to the output string.                                                     |
+                    |    A                 * O in a "formatter" is interpreted as the dual currency symbol and the     |
+                    |                        value of the DualCurrency string in the SDF is copied to the output       |
+                    |                        string.                                                                   |
+                    |                      * U in a "formatter" is interpreted as the dual ISO currency symbol and     |
+                    |                        the value of the DualISOCurrency string in the SDF is copied to the       |
+                    |                        output string.                                                            |
+                    |                      * A in a "formatter" is interpreted as the full dual currency name,         |
+                    |                        such as Euro, and the value of the DualCurrencyName string in the SDF     |
+                    |                        is copied to the output string.                                           |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  A currency character cannot appear between Z or 9 formatting characters, or     |
+                    |                  between repeated sign characters.                                               |
+                    |                  If the same currency character appears more than once, the value that is        |
+                    |                  copied to the output string floats to the right, leaving no blanks between it   |
+                    |                  and the leftmost digit. Repeated characters must be contiguous, and must appear |
+                    |                  to the left formatting characters consisting of a combination of the radix and  |
+                    |                  any 9 formatting characters.                                                    |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  If a group of repeated currency characters appears in a "formatter" with a      |
+                    |                  group of repeated sign characters or a group of repeated Z characters or both,  |
+                    |                  the groups must be contiguous. For example, +++LLLZZZ.                          |
+                    |                  A currency character cannot appear in the same phrase with any of the following |
+                    |                  characters:                                                                     |
+                    |                      * other currency characters                                                 |
+                    |                      * a currency sign, such as $ or £                                           |
+                    |                      * ,                                                                         |
+                    |                      * .                                                                         |
+                    |                  One currency character can occur to the right of any digits, and can combine    |
+                    |                  with B and one trailing sign character. For example, G9(I)B+L.                  |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  A currency character cannot appear to the right of an exponent. For example,    |
+                    |                  999D999E+999B+L is invalid.                                                     |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +----------------------------------------------------------------+         |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result             |         |
+                    |                       +----------------------------------------------------------------+         |
+                    |                       |    9988.77            'GLLZ(I)D9(F)'        $9,988.77          |         |
+                    |                       |    9988.77            'GCBZ(4)D9(F)'        USD 9,988.77       |         |
+                    |                       |    9988.77            'GNBZ(4)D9(F)'        US Dollars 9,988.77|         |
+                    |                       +----------------------------------------------------------------+         |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    V             Implied decimal point position.                                                 |
+                    |                  Internally, the V is recognized as a decimal point to align the numeric value   |
+                    |                  properly for calculation.                                                       |
+                    |                  Because the decimal point is implied, it does not occupy any space in storage   |
+                    |                  and is not included in the output.                                              |
+                    |                  V cannot appear in a "formatter" that contains the 'D' radix symbol or          |
+                    |                  the '.' radix character.                                                        |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    128.457            '999V99'              12846             |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    Z             Zero-suppressed decimal digit.                                                  |
+                    |                  Translates to blank if the digit is zero and preceding digits are also zero.    |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  A Z cannot follow a 9.                                                          |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  Repeated Z characters must appear to the left of any combination of the radix   |
+                    |                  and any 9 formatting characters.                                                |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  The characters to the right of the radix cannot be a combination of 9 and Z     |
+                    |                  characters; they must be all 9s or all Zs. If they are all Zs, then the         |
+                    |                  characters to the left of the radix must also be all Zs.                        |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  If a group of repeated Z characters appears in a "formatter" with a group of    |
+                    |                  repeated sign characters, the group of Z characters must immediately follow     |
+                    |                  the group of sign characters. For example, --ZZZ.                               |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    1.3451             'zz.z'                1.3               |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    9             Decimal digit (no zero suppress).                                               |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    0034567890         '9999999999'           0034567890       |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    E             For exponential notation.                                                       |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  Defines the end of the mantissa and the start of the exponent.                  |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  The exponent consists of one optional + or - sign character followed by one or  |
+                    |                  more 9 formatting characters.                                                   |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +-------------------------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                       |    data                     formatter             result          |      |
+                    |                       +-------------------------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                       |1095                     '9.99E99'             1.10E03             |      |
+                    |                       |1.74524064372835e-2 '-9D99999999999999E-999'  1.74524064372835E-002|      |
+                    |                       +-------------------------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    CHAR(n)       For more than one occurrence of a character, where CHAR can be one of the       |
+                    |                  following:                                                                      |
+                    |                      * - (sign character)                                                        |
+                    |                      * +                                                                         |
+                    |                      * Z                                                                         |
+                    |                      * 9                                                                         |
+                    |                      * $                                                                         |
+                    |                      * ¤                                                                         |
+                    |                      * ¥                                                                         |
+                    |                      * £                                                                         |
+                    |                  and n can be:                                                                   |
+                    |                      * an integer constant                                                       |
+                    |                      * I                                                                         |
+                    |                      * F                                                                         |
+                    |                  If n is F, CHAR can only be Z or 9.                                             |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  If n is an integer constant, the (n) notation means that the character repeats n|
+                    |                  number of times. For the meanings of I and F, see the definitions later in this |
+                    |                  table.                                                                          |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    0034567890         'z(8)D9(2)'           34567890.00       |          |
+                    |                       |    -0034567890        '+z(8)D9(2)'          -34567890.00      |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    ,             Currency grouping character.                                                    |
+                    |                  The comma is inserted only if a digit has already appeared.                     |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  The comma is interpreted as the currency grouping character regardless of the   |
+                    |                  value of the CurrencyGroupSeparator in the SDF.                                 |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  The comma cannot appear in a "formatter" that contains any of the following     |
+                    |                  characters:                                                                     |
+                    |                      * G                                                                         |
+                    |                      * D                                                                         |
+                    |                      * L                                                                         |
+                    |                      * C                                                                         |
+                    |                      * O                                                                         |
+                    |                      * U                                                                         |
+                    |                      * N                                                                         |
+                    |                      * A                                                                         |
+                    |                      * S                                                                         |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    0034567890         'z(7),z'              3456789,0         |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    .             Currency radix character.                                                       |
+                    |                  The period is interpreted as the currency radix character, regardless of the    |
+                    |                  value of the CurrencyRadixSeparator in the SDF, and is copied to the output     |
+                    |                  string.                                                                         |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  The period cannot appear in a "formatter" that contains any of the following    |
+                    |                  characters:                                                                     |
+                    |                      * G                                                                         |
+                    |                      * D                                                                         |
+                    |                      * L                                                                         |
+                    |                      * V                                                                         |
+                    |                      * C                                                                         |
+                    |                      * O                                                                         |
+                    |                      * U                                                                         |
+                    |                      * N                                                                         |
+                    |                      * A                                                                         |
+                    |                      * S                                                                         |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    0034567890         'z(8).z'              34567890.0        |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    D             Radix symbol.                                                                   |
+                    |                  The value of CurrencyRadixSeparator in the current SDF is copied to the output  |
+                    |                  string whenever a D appears in the "formatter".                                 |
+                    |                  A currency symbol, such as a dollar sign or yen sign, must also appear in the   |
+                    |                  "formatter".                                                                    |
+                    |                  The D cannot appear in a "formatter" that contains any of the following         |
+                    |                  characters:                                                                     |
+                    |                      * ,                                                                         |
+                    |                      * .                                                                         |
+                    |                      * /                                                                         |
+                    |                      * :                                                                         |
+                    |                      * S                                                                         |
+                    |                      * V                                                                         |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    0034567890         '--(8)D9(2)'           34567890.00      |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    I             The number of characters needed to display the integer portion of numeric and   |
+                    |                  integer data.                                                                   |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  I can only appear as n in the CHAR(n) character sequence (see the definition of |
+                    |                  CHAR(n) earlier in this table), where CHAR can be:                              |
+                    |                      * - (sign character)                                                        |
+                    |                      * +                                                                         |
+                    |                      * Z                                                                         |
+                    |                      * 9                                                                         |
+                    |                      * $                                                                         |
+                    |                      * ¤                                                                         |
+                    |                      * ¥                                                                         |
+                    |                      * £                                                                         |
+                    |                  CHAR(I) can only appear once, and is valid for the following types:             |
+                    |                      * DECIMAL/NUMERIC                                                           |
+                    |                      * BYTEINT                                                                   |
+                    |                      * SMALLINT                                                                  |
+                    |                      * INTEGER                                                                   |
+                    |                      * BIGINT                                                                    |
+                    |                 The value of I is resolved during the formatting of the monetary numeric data.   |
+                    |                 The value is obtained from the declaration of the data type. For example, I is   |
+                    |                 eight for the DECIMAL(10,2) type.                                                |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                 If CHAR(F) also appears in the "formatter", CHAR(F) must appear to the right of  |
+                    |                 CHAR(I), and one of the following characters must appear between CHAR(I) and     |
+                    |                 CHAR(F):                                                                         |
+                    |                     * D                                                                          |
+                    |                     * .                                                                          |
+                    |                     * V                                                                          |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    000000.42         'Z(I)D9(F)'            .42               |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    F             The number of characters needed to display the fractional portion of            |
+                    |                  numeric data.                                                                   |
+                    |                  F can only appear as n in the CHAR(n) character sequence                        |
+                    |                  (see the definition of CHAR(n) earlier in this table),                          |
+                    |                  where CHAR can be:                                                              |
+                    |                      * Z                                                                         |
+                    |                      * 9                                                                         |
+                    |                  CHAR(F) is valid for the DECIMAL/NUMERIC data type.                             |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  The value of F is resolved during the formatting of the monetary numeric data.  |
+                    |                  The value is obtained from the declaration of the data type. For example,       |
+                    |                  F is two for the DECIMAL(10,2) type.                                            |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  A value of zero for F displays no fractional precision for the data; however,   |
+                    |                  the value of CurrencyRadixSeparator in the current SDF is copied to the output  |
+                    |                  string if a D appears in the "formatter".                                       |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  CHAR(F) can appear only once. If CHAR(I) also appears in the "formatter",       |
+                    |                  CHAR(F) must appear to the right of CHAR(I), and one of the following characters|
+                    |                  must appear between CHAR(I) and CHAR(F):                                        |
+                    |                      * D                                                                         |
+                    |                      * .                                                                         |
+                    |                      * V                                                                         |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    000000.42         'Z(I)D9(F)'            .42               |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    -             Dash character.                                                                 |
+                    |                  Used when storing numbers such as telephone numbers, social security numbers,   |
+                    |                  and account numbers.                                                            |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  A dash appears after the first digit and before the last digit, and is treated  |
+                    |                  as an embedded dash rather than a sign character. A dash cannot follow any of   |
+                    |                  these characters:                                                               |
+                    |                      * .                                                                         |
+                    |                      * ,                                                                         |
+                    |                      * +                                                                         |
+                    |                      * G                                                                         |
+                    |                      * N                                                                         |
+                    |                      * A                                                                         |
+                    |                      * C                                                                         |
+                    |                      * L                                                                         |
+                    |                      * O                                                                         |
+                    |                      * U                                                                         |
+                    |                      * D                                                                         |
+                    |                      * V                                                                         |
+                    |                      * S                                                                         |
+                    |                      * E                                                                         |
+                    |                      * $                                                                         |
+                    |                      * ¤                                                                         |
+                    |                      * £                                                                         |
+                    |                      * ¥                                                                         |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    0034567890         '--(8)D9(2)'           34567890.00      |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    S             Signed Zoned Decimal character.                                                 |
+                    |                  Defines signed zoned decimal input as a numeric data type and displays numeric  |
+                    |                  output as signed zone decimal character strings.                                |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  When converting signed zone decimal input to a numeric data type, the final     |
+                    |                  character is converted as follows:                                              |
+                    |                  * Last character = { or 0, then the numeric conversion is n … 0                 |
+                    |                  * Last character = A or 1, then the numeric conversion is n … 1                 |
+                    |                  * Last character = B or 2, then the numeric conversion is n … 2                 |
+                    |                  * Last character = C or 3, then the numeric conversion is n … 3                 |
+                    |                  * Last character = D or 4, then the numeric conversion is n … 4                 |
+                    |                  * Last character = E or 5, then the numeric conversion is n … 5                 |
+                    |                  * Last character = F or 6, then the numeric conversion is n … 6                 |
+                    |                  * Last character = G or 7, then the numeric conversion is n … 7                 |
+                    |                  * Last character = H or 8, then the numeric conversion is n … 8                 |
+                    |                  * Last character = I or 9, then the numeric conversion is n … 9                 |
+                    |                  * Last character = }, then the numeric conversion is -n … 0                     |
+                    |                  * Last character = J, then the numeric conversion is -n … 1                     |
+                    |                  * Last character = K, then the numeric conversion is -n … 2                     |
+                    |                  * Last character = L, then the numeric conversion is -n … 3                     |
+                    |                  * Last character = M, then the numeric conversion is -n … 4                     |
+                    |                  * Last character = N, then the numeric conversion is -n … 5                     |
+                    |                  * Last character = O, then the numeric conversion is -n … 6                     |
+                    |                  * Last character = P, then the numeric conversion is -n … 7                     |
+                    |                  * Last character = Q, then the numeric conversion is -n … 8                     |
+                    |                  * Last character = R, then the numeric conversion is -n … 9                     |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  When displaying numeric output as signed zone decimal character strings,        |
+                    |                  the final character indicates the sign, as follows:                             |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  If the final data digit is 0, then the final result digit is displayed as:      |
+                    |                  * { if the result is a positive number                                          |
+                    |                  * } if the result is a negative number                                          |
+                    |                  If the final data digit is 1, then the final result digit is displayed as:      |
+                    |                  * A if the result is a positive number                                          |
+                    |                  * J if the result is a negative number                                          |
+                    |                  If the final data digit is 2, then the final result digit is displayed as:      |
+                    |                  * B if the result is a positive number                                          |
+                    |                  * K if the result is a negative number                                          |
+                    |                  If the final data digit is 3, then the final result digit is displayed as:      |
+                    |                  * C if the result is a positive number                                          |
+                    |                  * L if the result is a negative number                                          |
+                    |                  If the final data digit is 4, then the final result digit is displayed as:      |
+                    |                  * D if the result is a positive number                                          |
+                    |                  * M if the result is a negative number                                          |
+                    |                  If the final data digit is 5, then the final result digit is displayed as:      |
+                    |                  * E if the result is a positive number                                          |
+                    |                  * N if the result is a negative number                                          |
+                    |                  If the final data digit is 6, then the final result digit is displayed as:      |
+                    |                  * F if the result is a positive number                                          |
+                    |                  * O if the result is a negative number                                          |
+                    |                  If the final data digit is 7, then the final result digit is displayed as:      |
+                    |                  * G if the result is a positive number                                          |
+                    |                  * P if the result is a negative number                                          |
+                    |                  If the final data digit is 8, then the final result digit is displayed as:      |
+                    |                  * H if the result is a positive number                                          |
+                    |                  * Q if the result is a negative number                                          |
+                    |                  If the final data digit is 9, then the final result digit is displayed as:      |
+                    |                  * I if the result is a positive number                                          |
+                    |                  * R if the result is a negative number                                          |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                  The S must follow the last decimal digit in the "formatter". It cannot appear   |
+                    |                  in the same phrase with the following characters.                               |
+                    |                    * %                                                                           |
+                    |                    * +                                                                           |
+                    |                    * :                                                                           |
+                    |                    * /                                                                           |
+                    |                    * -                                                                           |
+                    |                    * ,                                                                           |
+                    |                    * .                                                                           |
+                    |                    * Z                                                                           |
+                    |                    * E                                                                           |
+                    |                    * D                                                                           |
+                    |                    * G                                                                           |
+                    |                    * F                                                                           |
+                    |                    * N                                                                           |
+                    |                    * A                                                                           |
+                    |                    * C                                                                           |
+                    |                    * L                                                                           |
+                    |                    * U                                                                           |
+                    |                    * O                                                                           |
+                    |                    * $                                                                           |
+                    |                    * ¤                                                                           |
+                    |                    * £                                                                           |
+                    |                    * ¥                                                                           |
+                    |                  Examples:                                                                       |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    data               formatter             result            |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    |                       |    -1095              '99999S'              0109N             |          |
+                    |                       |    1095               '99999S'              0109E             |          |
+                    |                       +---------------------------------------------------------------+          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+                    A "formatter" that defines fewer positions than are required by numeric values causes
+                    the data to be returned as follows:
+                        * Asterisks appear when the integer portion cannot be accommodated.
+                        * When only the integer portion can be accommodated, any digits to the right of the least
+                        significant digit are either truncated (for an integer value) or rounded (for a floating,
+                        number, or decimal value).
+
+                    Rounding is based on “Round to the Nearest” mode, as illustrated by the following process.
+                        * Let B represent the actual result.
+                        * Let A and C represent the nearest bracketing values that can be represented, such that
+                          A < B < C.
+                        * The determination as to whether A or C is the represented result is made as follows:
+                            * When possible, the result is the value nearest to B.
+                            * If A and C are equidistant (for example, the fractional part is exactly .5),
+                              the result is the even number.
+
+
+                * Date type FORMAT to SPECIFIC FORMAT
+                  The date and time formatting characters in a "formatter" determine the output of
+                  DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP teradatasqlalchemy types information.
+
+                Following tables provide information about different formatters on
+                date type columns:
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    formatter                                          description                                |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MMMM                                Represent the month as a full month name, such as         |
+                    |                                        November.                                                 |
+                    |    M4                                  Valid names are specified by LongMonths in the            |
+                    |                                        current SDF.                                              |
+                    |                                        M4 is equivalent to MMMM, and is preferable to allow for a|
+                    |                                        shorter, unambiguous format string.                       |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        You cannot specify M4 in a format that also has M3 or MM. |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'M4'           JANUARY              | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    MMM                                 Represent the month as an abbreviated month name, such as |
+                    |                                        'Apr' for April.                                          |
+                    |    M3                                  Valid names are specified by ShortMonths in the current   |
+                    |                                        SDF.                                                      |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        M3 is equivalent to MMM, and is preferable to allow for a |
+                    |                                        shorter, unambiguous format string.                       |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        You cannot specify MMM in a format that also has MM.      |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'M4'           Jan                  | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    MM                                  Represent the month as two numeric digits.                |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'MM'           01                   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    DDD                                 Represent the date as the sequential day in the year,     |
+                    |                                        using three numeric digits, such as '032' as February 1.  |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    D3                                  D3 is equivalent to DDD, and allows for a shorter format  |
+                    |                                        string.                                                   |
+                    |                                        You cannot specify DDD or D3 in a format that also has DD.|
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/02/13       'D3'           044                  | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    DD                                  Represent the day of the month as two numeric digits.     |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'DD'           16                   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    YYYY                                Represent the year as four numeric digits.                |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    Y4                                  Y4 is equivalent to YYYY, and allows for a shorter format |
+                    |                                        string.                                                   |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        You cannot specify YYYY or Y4 in a format that also has   |
+                    |                                        YY.                                                       |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'Y4'           2019                 | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    YY                                  Represent the year as two numeric digits.                 |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'YY'           19                   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    EEEE                                Represent the day of the week using the full name,        |
+                    |                                        such as Thursday.                                         |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    E4                                  Valid names are specified by LongDays in the current SDF. |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        E4 is equivalent to EEEE, and allows for a shorter format |
+                    |                                        string.                                                   |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'E4'           Wednesday            | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    EEE                                 Represent the day of the week as an abbreviated name, such|
+                    |                                        as 'Mon' for Monday.                                      |
+                    |    E3                                  Valid abbreviations are specified by ShortDays in the     |
+                    |                                        current SDF.                                              |
+                    |                                        E3 is equivalent to EEE, and allows for a shorter format  |
+                    |                                        string.                                                   |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'E3'            Wed                 | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    /                                   Slash separator.                                          |
+                    |                                        Copied to output string where it appears in the FORMAT    |
+                    |                                        phrase.                                                   |
+                    |                                        This is the default separator for Teradata dates.         |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'M4/E3'        January/Wed          | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    B                                   Blank representation separator.                           |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    b                                   Use this instead of a space to represent a blank.         |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'M4BE3'        JANUARY Wed          | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    ,                                   Comma separator.                                          |
+                    |                                        Copied to output string where it appears in the FORMAT    |
+                    |                                        phrase.                                                   |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'M4,E3'        January,Wed          | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    :                                   Colon separator.                                          |
+                    |                                        Copied to output string where it appears in the FORMAT    |
+                    |                                        phrase.                                                   |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'M4:E3'        January:Wed          | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    .                                   Period separator.                                         |
+                    |                                        Copied to output string where it appears in the FORMAT    |
+                    |                                        phrase.                                                   |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'M4.E3'        January.Wed          | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    -                                   Dash separator.                                           |
+                    |                                        Copied to output string where it appears in the FORMAT    |
+                    |                                        phrase.                                                   |
+                    |                                        This is the default separator for ANSI dates.             |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'M4-E3'        January-Wed          | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    9                                   Decimal digit.                                            |
+                    |                                        This formatting character can only be used with separators|
+                    |                                        less than 0x009F.                                         |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        The 9(n) notation can be used for more than one occurrence|
+                    |                                        of this character, where n is an integer constant and     |
+                    |                                        means that the '9' repeats n number of times.             |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        This formatting character is for DATE and PERIOD(DATE)    |
+                    |                                        types only and cannot appear as a date formatting         |
+                    |                                        character for PERIOD(TIMESTAMP) and TIMESTAMP types.      |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       '999999'       190116               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    Z                                   Zero-suppressed decimal digit.                            |
+                    |                                        This formatting character can only be used with separators|
+                    |                                        less than 0x009F.                                         |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        The Z(n) notation can be used for more than one occurrence|
+                    |                                        of this character, where n is an integer constant and     |
+                    |                                        means that the 'Z' repeats n number of times.             |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        This formatting character is for DATE and PERIOD(DATE)    |
+                    |                                        types only and cannot appear as a date formatting         |
+                    |                                        character for PERIOD(TIMESTAMP) and TIMESTAMP types.      |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data           formatter      result               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    19/01/16       'ZZZZZZ'       190116               | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+                Following tables provide information about different formatters on
+                time type columns:
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    formatter                                    description                                      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    HH                                  Represent the hour as two numeric digits.                 |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                      formatter      result    | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        | 2020-07-01 08:00:00.000000   'HH'           08        | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    MI                                  Represent the minute as two numeric digits.               |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter      result   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        | 2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00: 'HH:MI'        13:20    | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    SS                                  Represent the second as two numeric digits.               |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter   result      | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        | 2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00: 'HH.MI.SS'  13.20.53    | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    S(n)                                Number of fractional seconds.                             |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    S(F)                                Replace n with a number between 0 and 6, or use F for the |
+                    |                                        number of characters needed to display the fractional     |
+                    |                                        seconds precision.                                        |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        The value of F is resolved during the formatting of the   |
+                    |                                        TIME or TIMESTAMP data. The value is obtained from the    |
+                    |                                        fractional seconds precision in the declaration of the    |
+                    |                                        data type. For example, F is two for the TIME(2) type.    |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        A value of zero for F displays no radix symbol and no     |
+                    |                                        fractional precision for the data.                        |
+                    |                                        The S(F) formatting characters must follow a D formatting |
+                    |                                        character or a . separator character.                     |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        A value of n that is less than the PERIOD(TIME),          |
+                    |                                        PERIOD(TIMESTAMP), TIME or TIMESTAMP fractional second    |
+                    |                                        precision produces an error.                              |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter      result   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00:'HH:MI:SSDS(F)'13:20:53.64| |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    D                                   Radix symbol.                                             |
+                    |                                        The value of RadixSeparator in the current SDF is copied  |
+                    |                                        to the output string whenever a D appears in the FORMAT   |
+                    |                                        phrase.                                                   |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        Separator characters, such as . or :, can also appear in  |
+                    |                                        the "formatter", but only if they do not match the value  |
+                    |                                        of RadixSeparator.                                        |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter      result   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00:'HH:MI:SSDS(F)'13:20:53.64| |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    T                                   Represent time in 12-hour format instead of 24-hour       |
+                    |                                        format. The appropriate time of day, as specified by AMPM |
+                    |                                        in the current SDF is copied to the output string         |
+                    |                                        where a T appears in the "formatter".                     |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter      result   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00:'HH:MI:SSBT'01:20:53 Nachm| |
+                    |                                        |                              (Nachm is German for PM.)| |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    Z                                   Time zone.                                                |
+                    |                                        The Z controls the placement of the time zone in the      |
+                    |                                        output of PERIOD(TIME), PERIOD(TIMESTAMP), TIME and       |
+                    |                                        TIMESTAMP data, and can only appear at the beginning or   |
+                    |                                        end of the time formatting characters.                    |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        For example, the following statement uses a "formatter"   |
+                    |                                        that includes a Z before the time formatting characters:  |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                            SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP                              |
+                    |                                            (FORMAT 'YYYY-MM-DDBZBHH:MI:SS.S(6)');                |
+                    |                                            If the PERIOD(TIME), PERIOD(TIMESTAMP), TIME or       |
+                    |                                            TIMESTAMP teradatasqlalchemy types contains time zone |
+                    |                                            data, the time zone is copied to the output string.   |
+                    |                                            The time zone format  is +HH:MI or -HH:MI, depending  |
+                    |                                            on the time zone hour displacement.                   |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                    +------------------------------------------------------------+|
+                    |                                    |    data                       formatter         result     ||
+                    |                                    +------------------------------------------------------------+|
+                    |                                    |2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00:  'HH:MI:SSDS(F)Z'  13:20:53.64||
+                    |                                    |                                                      +03:00||
+                    |                                    +------------------------------------------------------------+|
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    :                                   Colon separator.                                          |
+                    |                                        Copied to output string where it appears in the FORMAT    |
+                    |                                        phrase. This is the default separator for ANSI time.      |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        This character cannot appear in the "formatter" if the    |
+                    |                                        value of RadixSeparator in the current SDF is a colon.    |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter      result   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        | 2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00: 'HH:MI'        13:20    | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    .                                   Period separator.                                         |
+                    |                                        This can also be used to indicate the fractional seconds. |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        Copied to output string where it appears in the FORMAT    |
+                    |                                        phrase.                                                   |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        This character cannot appear in the "formatter" if the    |
+                    |                                        value of RadixSeparator in the current SDF is a period.   |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter   result      | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        | 2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00: 'HH.MI.SS'  13.20.53    | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    -                                   Dash separator.                                           |
+                    |                                        Copied to output string where it appears in the FORMAT    |
+                    |                                        phrase.                                                   |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter      result   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        | 2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00: 'HH-MI'        13-20    | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    h                                   Hour separator.                                           |
+                    |                                        A lowercase h character is copied to the output string.   |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        The h formatting character must follow the HH formatting  |
+                    |                                        characters.                                               |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        This character cannot appear in the "formatter" if the    |
+                    |                                        value of RadixSeparator in the current SDF is a lowercase |
+                    |                                         h character.                                             |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter      result   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        | 2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00: 'HHhMImSSs'    13h20m53s| |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    m                                   Minute separator.                                         |
+                    |                                        A lowercase m character is copied to the output string.   |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        The m formatting character must follow the MI formatting  |
+                    |                                        characters.                                               |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        This character cannot appear in the "formatter" if the    |
+                    |                                        value of RadixSeparator in the current SDF is a lowercase |
+                    |                                        m character.                                              |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter      result   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        | 2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00: 'HHhMImSSs'    13h20m53s| |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    s                                   Second separator.                                         |
+                    |                                        A lowercase s character is copied to the output string.   |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        The s formatting character must follow SS or SSDS(F)      |
+                    |                                        formatting characters.                                    |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                        This character cannot appear in the "formatter" if the    |
+                    |                                        value of RadixSeparator in the current SDF is a lowercase |
+                    |                                        s character.                                              |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        |    data                       formatter      result   | |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                        | 2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00: 'HHhMImSSs'    13h20m53s| |
+                    |                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    B                                  Blank representation separator.                            |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |    b                                  Use this instead of a space to represent a blank.          |
+                    |                                                                                                  |
+                    |                                       This character cannot appear in the "formatter" if the     |
+                    |                                       value of RadixSeparator in the current SDF is a blank.     |
+                    |                                        Examples:                                                 |
+                    |                                 +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                 | data                           formatter           result    | |
+                    |                                 +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                 | 2020-07-01 13:20:53.64+03:00:  'MM/DD/YYBHH:MIBT'  07/01/20  | |
+                    |                                 |                                                    01:20 PM  | |
+                    |                                 +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("dataframe", "admissions_train")
+            >>> load_example_data("uaf", "stock_data")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'admissions_train' table.
+            >>> admissions_train=DataFrame("admissions_train")
+            >>> admissions_train
+                masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted
+            id
+            34     yes  3.85  Advanced    Beginner         0
+            32     yes  3.46  Advanced    Beginner         0
+            11      no  3.13  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            30     yes  3.79  Advanced      Novice         0
+            28      no  3.93  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            16      no  3.70  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            9       no  3.82  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1
+            15     yes  4.00  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            17      no  3.83  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 1: Round the 'age' column upto 1 decimal values.
+            >>> format_df = admissions_train.assign(format_column=admissions_train.gpa.format("zz.z"))
+            >>> format_df
+                masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted format_column
+            id
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1           2.6
+            7      yes  2.33    Novice      Novice         1           2.3
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1           3.6
+            5       no  3.44    Novice      Novice         0           3.4
+            3       no  3.70    Novice    Beginner         1           3.7
+            22     yes  3.46    Novice    Beginner         0           3.5
+            24      no  1.87  Advanced      Novice         1           1.9
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0           3.0
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0           2.0
+            40     yes  3.95    Novice    Beginner         0           4.0
+            >>>
+
+
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'stock_data' table.
+            >>> stock_data=DataFrame("stock_data")
+            >>> stock_data
+                         seq_no timevalue  magnitude
+            data_set_id
+            556               3  19/01/16     61.080
+            556               5  19/01/30     63.810
+            556               6  19/02/06     63.354
+            556               7  19/02/13     63.871
+            556               9  19/02/27     61.490
+            556              10  19/03/06     61.524
+            556               8  19/02/20     61.886
+            556               4  19/01/23     63.900
+            556               2  19/01/09     61.617
+            556               1  19/01/02     60.900
+            >>>
+
+            # Example 2: change the format of 'timevalue' column.
+            >>> format_df = stock_data.assign(format_column=stock_data.timevalue.format('MMMBDD,BYYYY'))
+            >>> format_df
+                        seq_no timevalue  magnitude format_column
+            data_set_id
+            556               3  19/01/16     61.080  Jan 16, 2019
+            556               5  19/01/30     63.810  Jan 30, 2019
+            556               6  19/02/06     63.354  Feb 06, 2019
+            556               7  19/02/13     63.871  Feb 13, 2019
+            556               9  19/02/27     61.490  Feb 27, 2019
+            556              10  19/03/06     61.524  Mar 06, 2019
+            556               8  19/02/20     61.886  Feb 20, 2019
+            556               4  19/01/23     63.900  Jan 23, 2019
+            556               2  19/01/09     61.617  Jan 09, 2019
+            556               1  19/01/02     60.900  Jan 02, 2019
+            >>>
+        """
+        arg_validate = []
+        arg_validate.append(["formatter", formatter, False, (str), True])
+
+        # Validate argument types
+        _Validators._validate_function_arguments(arg_validate)
+
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(func.cast(literal_column("({} (format '{}'))".format(self.compile(), formatter))
+                                              , VARCHAR()))
+
+    def trim(self, expression=" "):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function trims the string values in the column.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            expression:
+                Optional Argument.
+                Specifies a ColumnExpression of a string column or a string literal to
+                be trimmed. If "expression" is specified, it must be the same data type
+                as string values in column.
+                Default Value: ' '
+                Type: str or ColumnExpression
+
+        RAISES:
+            TypeError, ValueError, TeradataMlException
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("dataframe", "admissions_train")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'admissions_train' table.
+            >>> df = DataFrame("admissions_train")
+            >>> df
+                masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted
+            id
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1
+            7      yes  2.33    Novice      Novice         1
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1
+            5       no  3.44    Novice      Novice         0
+            3       no  3.70    Novice    Beginner         1
+            22     yes  3.46    Novice    Beginner         0
+            24      no  1.87  Advanced      Novice         1
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0
+            40     yes  3.95    Novice    Beginner         0
+
+            # Example 1: Trim "Begi" from the strings in column "programing".
+            >>> res = df.assign(trim_col = df.programming.trim("Begi"))
+            >>> res
+                masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted  trim_col
+            id
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1      nner
+            7      yes  2.33    Novice      Novice         1     Novic
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1  Advanced
+            5       no  3.44    Novice      Novice         0     Novic
+            3       no  3.70    Novice    Beginner         1      nner
+            22     yes  3.46    Novice    Beginner         0      nner
+            24      no  1.87  Advanced      Novice         1     Novic
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0     Novic
+            19     yes  1.98  Advanced    Advanced         0  Advanced
+            40     yes  3.95    Novice    Beginner         0      nner
+
+            # Example 2: Filter the rows where values in the column "programming" result
+            #            in "nner" after it is trimmed with 'Begi'.
+            >>> df[df.programming.trim("Begi") == "nner"]
+                masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted
+            id
+            3       no  3.70    Novice    Beginner         1
+            1      yes  3.95  Beginner    Beginner         0
+            39     yes  3.75  Advanced    Beginner         0
+            34     yes  3.85  Advanced    Beginner         0
+            35      no  3.68    Novice    Beginner         1
+            31     yes  3.50  Advanced    Beginner         1
+            29     yes  4.00    Novice    Beginner         0
+            32     yes  3.46  Advanced    Beginner         0
+            22     yes  3.46    Novice    Beginner         0
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1
+
+            # Example 3: Trim string in "programing" column using "masters" column as argument.
+            >>> res = df.assign(trim_col = df.programming.trim(df.masters))
+            >>> res
+                masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted  trim_col
+            id
+            38     yes  2.65  Advanced    Beginner         1  Beginner
+            7      yes  2.33    Novice      Novice         1     Novic
+            26     yes  3.57  Advanced    Advanced         1  Advanced
+            17      no  3.83  Advanced    Advanced         1  Advanced
+            34     yes  3.85  Advanced    Beginner         0  Beginner
+            13      no  4.00  Advanced      Novice         1    Novice
+            32     yes  3.46  Advanced    Beginner         0  Beginner
+            11      no  3.13  Advanced    Advanced         1  Advanced
+            15     yes  4.00  Advanced    Advanced         1  Advanced
+            36      no  3.00  Advanced      Novice         0    Novice
+
+        """
+        arg_validate = []
+        arg_validate.append(["expression", expression, True, (str, ColumnExpression), False])
+
+        # Validate argument types
+        _Validators._validate_function_arguments(arg_validate)
+
+        if isinstance(expression, ColumnExpression):
+            expression=expression.expression
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(func.rtrim(func.ltrim(self.expression, expression), expression), type=VARCHAR())
+
+    def to_char(self, formatter=None):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Converts numeric type or datetype to character type.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            formatter:
+                Optional Argument.
+                Specifies the string to format the values of a column.
+                Type: str
+                Note:
+                   * If 'formatter' is omitted, numeric values is converted to a string exactly
+                     long enough to hold its significant digits.
+
+                * Formatter for Numeric types:
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    FORMATTER                             DESCRIPTION                                             |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    , (comma)                             A comma in the specified position.                      |
+                    |                                          A comma cannot begin a number format.                   |
+                    |                                          A comma cannot appear to the right of a decimal         |
+                    |                                          character or period in a number format.                 |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    1234             9,999             1,234     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |   . (period)                             A decimal point.                                        |
+                    |                                          User can only specify one period in a number format.    |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    123.46             9999.9             123.5  | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    $                                     A value with a leading dollar sign.                     |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    1234             $9999              $1234    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    0                                     Leading zeros.                                          |
+                    |                                          Trailing zeros.                                         |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    1234             09999              01234    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    9                                     A value with the specified number of digits with a      |
+                    |                                          leading space if positive or with a leading minus       |
+                    |                                          if negative.                                            |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    1234             9999              1234      | |
+                    |                                              |    1234             999               ####      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    B                                     Blank space for the integer part of a fixed point number|
+                    |                                          when the integer part is zero.                          |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    0.1234             B.999          Blank space| |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    C                                     The ISO currency symbol as specified in the ISOCurrency |
+                    |                                          element in the SDF file.                                |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    234              C999              USD234    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    D                                     The character that separates the integer and fractional |
+                    |                                          part of non-monetary values.                            |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    234.56           999D9             234.6     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    EEEE                                  A value in scientific notation.                         |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    234.56           9.9EEEE             2.3E+02 | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    G                                     The character that separates groups of digits in the    |
+                    |                                          integer part of non-monetary values.                    |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    123456           9G99G99           1,234,56  | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    L                                     The string representing the local currency as specified |
+                    |                                          in the Currency element according to system settings.   |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    234              L999              $234      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MI                                    A trailing minus sign if the value is negative.         |
+                    |                                          The MI format element can appear only in the last       |
+                    |                                          position of a number format.                            |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    -1234            9999MI            1234-     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    PR                                    A negative value in <angle brackets>, or                |
+                    |                                          a positive value with a leading and trailing blank.     |
+                    |                                          The PR format element can appear only in the last       |
+                    |                                          position of a number format.                            |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    -1234            9999PR            <1234>    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    S                                     A negative value with a leading or trailing minus sign. |
+                    |                                          a positive value with a leading or trailing plus sign.  |
+                    |                                          The S format element can appear only in the first or    |
+                    |                                          last position of a number format.                       |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    +1234            S9999             +1234     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    TM                                    (text minimum format) Returns the smallest number of    |
+                    |                                          characters possible. This element is case insensitive.  |
+                    |                                          TM or TM9 return the number in fixed notation unless    |
+                    |                                          the output exceeds 64 characters. If the output exceeds |
+                    |                                          64 characters, the number is returned in scientific     |
+                    |                                          notation.                                               |
+                    |                                          TME returns the number in scientific notation with the  |
+                    |                                          smallest number of characters.                          |
+                    |                                          You cannot precede this element with an other element.  |
+                    |                                          You can follow this element only with one 9 or one E    |
+                    |                                          (or e), but not with any combination of these.          |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    1234             TM                1234      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    U                                    (dual currency) The string that represents the dual     |
+                    |                                          currency as specified in the DualCurrency element       |
+                    |                                          according to system settings.                           |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    1234             U9999             $1234     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    V                                     A value multiplied by 10 to the n (and, if necessary,   |
+                    |                                          rounded up), where n is the number of 9's after the V.  |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    1234             9999V99           123400    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    X                                     The hexadecimal value of the specified number of digits.|
+                    |                                          If the specified number is not an integer, the function |
+                    |                                          will round it to an integer.                            |
+                    |                                          This element accepts only positive values or zero.      |
+                    |                                          Negative values return an error. You can precede this   |
+                    |                                          element only with zero (which returns leading zeros) or |
+                    |                                          FM. Any other elements return an error. If you do not   |
+                    |                                          specify zero or FM, the return always has one leading   |
+                    |                                          blank.                                                  |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    1234             XXXX              4D2       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+                * Formatter for Date types:
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    FORMATTER                             DESCRIPTION                                             |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    -                                                                                             |
+                    |    /                                                                                             |
+                    |    ,                                     Punctuation characters are ignored and text enclosed in |
+                    |    .                                     quotation marks is ignored.                             |
+                    |    ;                                                                                             |
+                    |    :                                                                                             |
+                    |    "text"                                                                                        |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         MM-DD             09-17     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    AD                                    AD indicator.                                           |
+                    |    A.D.                                                                                          |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         CCAD              21AD      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    AM                                    Meridian indicator.                                     |
+                    |    A.M.                                                                                          |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         CCAM              21AM     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    BC                                                                                            |
+                    |    B.C.                                  BC indicator.                                           |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         CCBC              21BC      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    CC                                    Century.                                                |
+                    |    SCC                                   If the last 2 digits of a 4-digit year are between 01   |
+                    |                                          and 99 inclusive, the century is 1 greater than the     |
+                    |                                          first 2 digits of that year.                            |
+                    |                                          If the last 2 digits of a 4-digit year are 00, the      |
+                    |                                          century is the same as the first 2 digits of that year. |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         CCBC              21BC      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    D                                     Day of week (1-7).                                      |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         D                 4         | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DAY	                               Name of day.                                            |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         DAY               WEDNESDAY | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DD                                    Day of month (1-31).                                    |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         DD                17        | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DDD                                   Day of year (1-366).                                    |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         DDD               260       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DL                                    Date Long. Equivalent to the format string ‘FMDay,      |
+                    |                                          Month FMDD, YYYY’.                                      |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data       formatter         result             | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 03/09/17   DL      Wednesday, September 17, 2003| |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DS                                    Date Short. Equivalent to the format string             |
+                    |                                          ‘FMMM/DD/YYYYFM’.                                       |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         DS                9/17/2003 | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DY                                    abbreviated name of day.                                |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    data             formatter         result    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              |    03/09/17         DY                WED       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    FF                                    [1..9]	Fractional seconds.                            |
+                    |                                          Use [1..9] to specify the number of fractional digits.  |
+                    |                                          FF without any number following it prints a decimal     |
+                    |                                          followed by digits equal to the number of fractional    |
+                    |                                          seconds in the input data type. If the data type has no |
+                    |                                          fractional digits, FF prints nothing.                   |
+                    |                                          Any fractional digits beyond 6 digits are truncated.    |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  FF         000000   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    HH                                                                                            |
+                    |    HH12                                 Hour of day (1-12).                                      |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  HH         09       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    HH24	                              Hour of the day (0-23).                                  |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  HH24         09     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    IW                                   Week of year (1-52 or 1-53) based on ISO model.          |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  IW         01       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    IYY                                                                                           |
+                    |    IY                                   Last 3, 2, or 1 digits of ISO year.                      |
+                    |    I                                                                                             |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  IY         16       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    IYYY	                              4-digit year based on the ISO standard.                  |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  IYYY         2016   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    J                                    Julian day, the number of days since January 1, 4713 BC. |
+                    |                                         Number specified with J must be integers.                |
+                    |                                         Teradata uses the Gregorian calendar in calculations to  |
+                    |                                         and from Julian Days.                                    |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  J          2457394  | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MI                                   Minute (0-59).                                           |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  MI         08       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MM                                   Month (01-12).                                           |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  MM         01       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MON	                              Abbreviated name of month.                               |
+                    |                                          Example:                                                |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  MON        JAN      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MONTH	                              Name of month.                                           |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  MONTH      JANUARY  | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    PM                                                                                            |
+                    |    P.M.                                 Meridian indicator.                                      |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  HHPM       09PM     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    Q                                    Quarter of year (1, 2, 3, 4).                            |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  Q       1           | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    RM                                   Roman numeral month (I - XII).                           |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  RM         I        | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    SP                                   Spelled. Any numeric element followed by SP is spelled in|
+                    |                                         English words. The words are capitalized according to how|
+                    |                                         the element is capitalized.                              |
+                    |                                         For example: 'DDDSP' specifies all uppercase, 'DddSP'    |
+                    |                                         specifies that the first letter is capitalized, and      |
+                    |                                         'dddSP' specifies all lowercase.                         |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  HHSP       NINE     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    SS                                   Second (0-59).                                           |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  SS         03       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    SSSSS	                              Seconds past midnight (0-86399).                         |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  SSSSS      32883    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    TS                                   Time Short. Equivalent to the format string              |
+                    |                                         'HH:MI:SS AM'.                                           |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  TS     09:08:01 AM  | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    TZH	                              Time zone hour.                                          |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  TZH        +00      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    TZM	                              Time zone minute.                                        |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  TZM        00       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    TZR	                              Time zone region. Equivalent to the format string        |
+                    |                                         'TZH:TZM'.                                               |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  TZR        +00:00   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    WW                                   Week of year (1-53) where week 1 starts on the first day |
+                    |                                         of the year and continues to the 7th day of the year.    |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  WW         01       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    W                                    Week of month (1-5) where week 1 starts on the first day |
+                    |                                         of the month and ends on the seventh.                    |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  W          1        | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    X                                    Local radix character.                                   |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  MMXYY      01.16    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    Y,YYY	                              Year with comma in this position.                        |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                        formatter  result   | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  Y,YYY      2,016    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    YEAR                                 Year, spelled out. S prefixes BC dates with a minus sign.|
+                    |    SYEAR                                                                                         |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                     formatter  result      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  YEAR  TWENTY SIXTEEN| |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    YYYY                                                                                          |
+                    |    SYYYY                                4-digit year. S prefixes BC dates with a minus sign.     |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                     formatter  result      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  YYYY    2016        | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    YYY                                  Last 3, 2, or 1 digit of year.                           |
+                    |    YY                                   If the current year and the specified year are both in   |
+                    |    Y                                    the range of 0-49, the date is in the current century.   |
+                    |                                         Example:                                                 |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                     formatter  result      | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000  YY      16          | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+        RAISES:
+            TypeError, ValueError, TeradataMlException
+
+        Returns:
+            ColumnExpression
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("uaf", "stock_data")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'stock_data' table.
+            >>> df = DataFrame("stock_data")
+            >>> df
+                        seq_no timevalue  magnitude
+            data_set_id
+            556               3  19/01/16     61.080
+            556               5  19/01/30     63.810
+            556               6  19/02/06     63.354
+            556               7  19/02/13     63.871
+            556               9  19/02/27     61.490
+            556              10  19/03/06     61.524
+            556               8  19/02/20     61.886
+            556               4  19/01/23     63.900
+            556               2  19/01/09     61.617
+            556               1  19/01/02     60.900
+            >>> df.tdtypes
+            column         type
+            data_set_id    INTEGER()
+            seq_no         INTEGER()
+            timevalue         DATE()
+            magnitude        FLOAT()
+
+            # Example 1: Convert 'seq_no' column to character type.
+            >>> res = df.assign(seq_no = df.seq_no.to_char())
+            >>> res
+                        seq_no timevalue  magnitude
+            data_set_id
+            556              3  19/01/16     61.080
+            556              5  19/01/30     63.810
+            556              6  19/02/06     63.354
+            556              7  19/02/13     63.871
+            556              9  19/02/27     61.490
+            556             10  19/03/06     61.524
+            556              8  19/02/20     61.886
+            556              4  19/01/23     63.900
+            556              2  19/01/09     61.617
+            556              1  19/01/02     60.900
+            >>> res.tdtypes
+            columnn         type
+            data_set_id    INTEGER()
+            seq_no         VARCHAR()
+            timevalue         DATE()
+            magnitude        FLOAT()
+
+            # Example 2: Convert "magnitude" column to character type in '$99.9' format.
+            >>> res = df.assign(char_column = df.magnitude.to_char('$99.9'))
+            >>> res
+                        seq_no timevalue  magnitude char_column
+            data_set_id
+            556               3  19/01/16     61.080       $61.1
+            556               5  19/01/30     63.810       $63.8
+            556               6  19/02/06     63.354       $63.4
+            556               7  19/02/13     63.871       $63.9
+            556               9  19/02/27     61.490       $61.5
+            556              10  19/03/06     61.524       $61.5
+            556               8  19/02/20     61.886       $61.9
+            556               4  19/01/23     63.900       $63.9
+            556               2  19/01/09     61.617       $61.6
+            556               1  19/01/02     60.900       $60.9
+
+            # Example 3: Convert "timevalue" column to character type in 'YYYY-DAY-MONTH' format
+            >>> res = df.assign(timevalue = df.timevalue.to_char('YYYY-DAY-MONTH'))
+            >>> res
+                        seq_no                 timevalue  magnitude
+            data_set_id
+            556               3  2019-WEDNESDAY-JANUARY       61.080
+            556               5  2019-WEDNESDAY-JANUARY       63.810
+            556               6  2019-WEDNESDAY-FEBRUARY      63.354
+            556               7  2019-WEDNESDAY-FEBRUARY      63.871
+            556               9  2019-WEDNESDAY-FEBRUARY      61.490
+            556              10  2019-WEDNESDAY-MARCH         61.524
+            556               8  2019-WEDNESDAY-FEBRUARY      61.886
+            556               4  2019-WEDNESDAY-JANUARY       63.900
+            556               2  2019-WEDNESDAY-JANUARY       61.617
+            556               1  2019-WEDNESDAY-JANUARY       60.900
+        """
+        arg_validate = []
+        arg_validate.append(["formatter", formatter, True, (str), True])
+
+        # Validate argument types
+        _Validators._validate_function_arguments(arg_validate)
+
+        _args=[self.expression]
+        if formatter:
+            _args.append(formatter)
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(func.to_char(*_args), type=VARCHAR())
+
+    def to_date(self, formatter=None):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Convert a string-like representation of a DATE or PERIOD type to Date type.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            formatter:
+                Optional Argument.
+                Specifies a variable length string containing formatting characters
+                that define the format of column.
+                Type: str
+                Note:
+                    * If "formatter" is omitted, the following default date format is used: 'YYYY-MM-DD'
+                * formatter for date type:
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    FORMATTER                             DESCRIPTION                                             |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    -                                                                                             |
+                    |    /                                                                                             |
+                    |    ,                                     Punctuation characters are ignored and text enclosed in |
+                    |    .                                     quotation marks is ignored.                             |
+                    |    ;                                                                                             |
+                    |    :                                                                                             |
+                    |    "text"                                                                                        |
+                    |                                         Example: Date with value '2003-12-10'                    |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data             formatter          value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | '2003-12-10'     YYYY-MM-DD         03/12/10    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    D                                     Day of week (1-7).                                      |
+                    |                                          Example: day of week with value '2'                     |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2               D                   24/01/01    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DAY	                               Name of day.                                            |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2024-TUESDAY-01-30'           |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                formatter         value     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2024-TUESDAY-01-30   YYYY-DAY-MM-DD   24/01/30  | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DD                                    Day of month (1-31).                                    |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2003-10-25'                   |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2003-10-25       YYYY-MM-DD         03/10/25    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DDD	                               Day of year (1-366).                                    |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2024-366'                     |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2024-366       YYYY-DDD             24/12/31    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DY                                    abbreviated name of day.                                |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2024-Mon-01-29'               |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2024-Mon-01-29   YYYY-DY-MM-DD   24/01/29       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    HH                                                                                            |
+                    |    HH12                                 Hour of day (1-12).                                      |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2016-01-06 09:08:01'          |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data                formatter            value  | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-01-06 09:08:01 YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS  6/01/06| |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    HH24	                              Hour of the day (0-23).                                  |
+                    |                                          Example:  Date with value '2016-01-06 23:08:01'         |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                           | data                formatter              value   | |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                           | 2016-01-06 23:08:01 YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS  6/01/06 | |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    J                                    Julian day, the number of days since January 1, 4713 BC. |
+                    |                                         Number specified with J must be integers.                |
+                    |                                         Teradata uses the Gregorian calendar in calculations to  |
+                    |                                         and from Julian Days.                                    |
+                    |                                          Example: Number of julian days with value '2457394'     |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2457394         J                   16/01/06    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MI                                   Minute (0-59).                                           |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2016-01-06 23:08:01'          |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                           | data                formatter              value  | |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                           | 2016-01-06 23:08:01 YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS  6/01/06 | |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MM                                   Month (01-12).                                           |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2016-01-06 23:08:01'          |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                           | data                formatter              value  | |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                           | 2016-01-06 23:08:01 YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS  6/01/06 | |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MON	                              Abbreviated name of month.                               |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2016-JAN-06'                  |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                           | data                formatter              value   | |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                           | 2016-JAN-06         YYYY-MON-DD           16/01/06 | |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MONTH	                              Name of month.                                           |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2016-JANUARY-06'              |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter              value    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2016-JANUARY-06  YYYY-MONTH-DD         16/01/06 | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    PM                                                                                            |
+                    |    P.M.                                 Meridian indicator.                                      |
+                    |                                          Example:  Date with value '2016-01-06 23:08:01 PM'      |
+                    |                                      +---------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                      | data                   formatter                value   | |
+                    |                                      +---------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                      | 2016-01-06 23:08:01 PM YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS PM 16/01/06| |
+                    |                                      +---------------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    RM                                   Roman numeral month (I - XII).                           |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2024-XII'                     |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2024-XII       YYYY-RM             24/12/01     | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    RR                                   Stores 20th century dates in the 21st century using only |
+                    |                                         2 digits. If the current year and the specified year are |
+                    |                                         both in the range of 0-49, the date is in the current    |
+                    |                                         century.                                                 |
+                    |                                         Example: Date with value '2024-365, 21'                  |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2024-365, 21      YYYY-DDD, RR      21/12/31    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    RRRR	                              Round year. Accepts either 4-digit or 2-digit input.     |
+                    |                                         2-digit input provides the same return as RR.            |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2024-365, 21'                  |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2024-365, 21       YYYY-DDD, RRRR   24/12/31    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    SS                                   Second (0-59).                                           |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2016-01-06 23:08:01'          |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                           | data                formatter              value   | |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                           | 2016-01-06 23:08:01 YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS  6/01/06 | |
+                    |                                           +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    SSSSS	                              Seconds past midnight (0-86399).                         |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    TZH	                              Time zone hour.                                          |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    TZM	                              Time zone minute.                                        |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    X                                    Local radix character.                                   |
+                    |                                         Example: Date with value '2024.366'                      |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2024.366       YYYYXDDD             24/12/31    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    Y,YYY	                              Year with comma in this position.                        |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2,024-366'                    |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2,024-366       Y,YYY-DDD           24/12/31    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    YYYY                                                                                          |
+                    |    SYYYY                                4-digit year. S prefixes BC dates with a minus sign.     |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '2024-366'                     |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter           value       | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 2024-366       YYYY-DDD             24/12/31    | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    YYY                                  Last 3, 2, or 1 digit of year.                           |
+                    |    YY                                   If the current year and the specified year are both in   |
+                    |    Y                                    the range of 0-49, the date is in the current century.   |
+                    |                                          Example: Date with value '24-366'                       |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | data            formatter       value           | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    |                                              | 24-366       YY-DDD             24/12/31        | |
+                    |                                              +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+        RAISES:
+            TypeError, ValueError, TeradataMlException
+
+        Returns:
+            ColumnExpression
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to run the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("uaf", "stock_data")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'stock_data' table.
+            >>> df = DataFrame("stock_data")
+            >>> df
+                        seq_no timevalue  magnitude
+            data_set_id
+            556               3  19/01/16     61.080
+            556               5  19/01/30     63.810
+            556               6  19/02/06     63.354
+            556               7  19/02/13     63.871
+            556               9  19/02/27     61.490
+            556              10  19/03/06     61.524
+            556               8  19/02/20     61.886
+            556               4  19/01/23     63.900
+            556               2  19/01/09     61.617
+            556               1  19/01/02     60.900
+
+            # create new_column "timevalue_char" using to_char().
+            >>> new_df = df.assign(timevalue_char=df.timevalue.to_char('DD-MON-YYYY'))
+            >>> new_df
+                            seq_no timevalue  magnitude timevalue_char
+            data_set_id
+            556               3  19/01/16     61.080    16-JAN-2019
+            556               5  19/01/30     63.810    30-JAN-2019
+            556               6  19/02/06     63.354    06-FEB-2019
+            556               7  19/02/13     63.871    13-FEB-2019
+            556               9  19/02/27     61.490    27-FEB-2019
+            556              10  19/03/06     61.524    06-MAR-2019
+            556               8  19/02/20     61.886    20-FEB-2019
+            556               4  19/01/23     63.900    23-JAN-2019
+            556               2  19/01/09     61.617    09-JAN-2019
+            556               1  19/01/02     60.900    02-JAN-2019
+
+            # Example 1: convert "timevalue_char" column to DATE type.
+            >>> res = new_df.assign(timevalue_char=new_df.timevalue_char.to_date('DD-MON-YYYY'))
+            >>> res
+                        seq_no timevalue  magnitude timevalue_char
+            data_set_id
+            556               3  19/01/16     61.080       19/01/16
+            556               5  19/01/30     63.810       19/01/30
+            556               6  19/02/06     63.354       19/02/06
+            556               7  19/02/13     63.871       19/02/13
+            556               9  19/02/27     61.490       19/02/27
+            556              10  19/03/06     61.524       19/03/06
+            556               8  19/02/20     61.886       19/02/20
+            556               4  19/01/23     63.900       19/01/23
+            556               2  19/01/09     61.617       19/01/09
+            556               1  19/01/02     60.900       19/01/02
+            >>> res.tdtypes
+            column            type
+            data_set_id       INTEGER()
+            seq_no            INTEGER()
+            timevalue            DATE()
+            magnitude           FLOAT()
+            timevalue_char       DATE()
+        """
+        arg_validate = []
+        arg_validate.append(["formatter", formatter, True, (str), True])
+
+        # Validate argument types
+        _Validators._validate_function_arguments(arg_validate)
+
+        _args = [self.expression]
+        if formatter:
+            _args.append(formatter)
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(func.to_date(*_args), type=DATE())
+
+    def trunc(self, expression=0, formatter=None):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function to truncate the values inside the column based on formatter.
+            Numeric type column:
+                Function returns the values in column truncated places_value (expression) places to the right or left
+                of the decimal point.
+                trunc() functions as follows:
+                    * It truncates places_value places to the right of the decimal point if
+                      places_value is positive.
+                    * It truncates (makes 0) places_value places to the left of the decimal
+                      point if places_value is negative.
+                    * It truncates to 0 places if places_value is zero or is omitted.
+                    * If numeric_value or places_value is NULL, the function returns NULL.
+            Date type column:
+               Function truncates date type based on the format specified by formatter.
+               Example:
+                   First example truncates data to first day of the week.
+                   Second example truncates data to beginning of the month.
+                   +------------------------------------------+
+                   |    data            formatter       result|
+                   +------------------------------------------+
+                   |    19/01/16        'D'           19/01/13|
+                   |    19/02/27        'MON'         19/02/01|
+                   +------------------------------------------+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            expression:
+                Optional Argument.
+                Specifies to truncate the "expression" number of digits.
+                Note:
+                    This argument applicable only for Numeric columns.
+                Default Value: 0
+                Types: ColumnExpression OR int
+
+            formatter:
+                Optional Argument.
+                Specifies a literal string to truncate the values of column.
+                If 'formatter' is omitted, date_value is truncated to the nearest day.
+                Type: str
+                Note:
+                    * This argument applicable only for Date type columns.
+                * Various formatter given below:
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    FORMATTER                        DESCRIPTION                                                  |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    CC                                                                                            |
+                    |    SCC                              One year greater than the first two digits of a 4-digit year.|
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/01/16        CC                  01/01/01    |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    SYYY                                                                                          |
+                    |    YYYY                                                                                          |
+                    |    YEAR                                                                                          |
+                    |    SYEAR                            Year. Returns a value of 1, the first day of the year.       |
+                    |    YYY                                                                                           |
+                    |    YY                                                                                            |
+                    |    Y                                                                                             |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/01/16        CC                  19/01/01    |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    IYYY                                                                                          |
+                    |    IYY                              ISO year                                                     |
+                    |    IY                                                                                            |
+                    |    I                                                                                             |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/01/16        CC                  18/12/31    |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MONTH                                                                                         |
+                    |    MON                              Month. Returns a value of 1, the first day of the month.     |
+                    |    MM                                                                                            |
+                    |    RM                                                                                            |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/02/16        RM                  19/02/01    |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    Q                                Quarter. Returns a value of 1, the first day of the quarter. |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/02/16        Q                  19/01/01     |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    WW                               Same day of the week as the 1st day of the year.             |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/02/16        WW                  19/02/15    |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    IW                               Same day of the week as the first day of the ISO year.       |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/02/16        RM                  19/02/14    |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    W                                Same day of the week as the first day of the month.          |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/02/16        W                  19/02/15     |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DDD                                                                                           |
+                    |    DD                               Day.                                                         |
+                    |    J                                                                                             |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/02/16        DDD                 19/02/16    |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    DAY                                                                                           |
+                    |    DY                               Starting day of the week.                                    |
+                    |    D                                                                                             |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/01/16        DAY                  19/02/13   |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    HH                                                                                            |
+                    |    HH12                             Hour.                                                        |
+                    |    HH24                                                                                          |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data            formatter           result      |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 19/02/16        HH                  19/02/16    |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+                    |    MI                               Minute.                                                      |
+                    |                                     Example:                                                     |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | data                       formatter  result    |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    |                                         | 2016-01-06 09:08:01.000000    MI      16/01/06  |      |
+                    |                                         +-------------------------------------------------+      |
+                    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+        RAISES:
+            TypeError, ValueError, TeradataMlException
+
+        RETURNS:
+            ColumnExpression
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            # Load the data to execute the example.
+            >>> load_example_data("dataframe", "admissions_train")
+            >>> load_example_data("uaf", "stock_data")
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'admissions_train' table.
+            >>> df = DataFrame("admissions_train").iloc[:4]
+            >>> df
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted
+            id
+            3       no  3.70    Novice    Beginner         1
+            4      yes  3.50  Beginner      Novice         1
+            2      yes  3.76  Beginner    Beginner         0
+            1      yes  3.95  Beginner    Beginner         0
+
+            # Create a DataFrame on 'stock_data' table.
+            >>> df1 = DataFrame("stock_data")
+            >>> df1
+                        seq_no timevalue  magnitude
+            data_set_id
+            556               3  19/01/16     61.080
+            556               5  19/01/30     63.810
+            556               6  19/02/06     63.354
+            556               7  19/02/13     63.871
+            556               9  19/02/27     61.490
+            556              10  19/03/06     61.524
+            556               8  19/02/20     61.886
+            556               4  19/01/23     63.900
+            556               2  19/01/09     61.617
+            556               1  19/01/02     60.900
+
+            # Example 1: Truncate the value of 'gpa' to 0 decimal place and 1 decimal place.
+            >>> res = df.assign(col = df.gpa.trunc(),
+                                   col_1 = df.gpa.trunc(1))
+            >>> res
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted  col  col_1
+            id
+            3       no  3.70    Novice    Beginner         1  3.0    3.7
+            4      yes  3.50  Beginner      Novice         1  3.0    3.5
+            2      yes  3.76  Beginner    Beginner         0  3.0    3.7
+            1      yes  3.95  Beginner    Beginner         0  3.0    3.9
+
+            # Example 2: Get the records with gpa > 3.7 by rounding the gpa to single decimal point.
+            >>> df[df.gpa.trunc(1) > 3.7]
+               masters   gpa     stats programming  admitted
+            id
+            1      yes  3.95  Beginner    Beginner         0
+
+            # Example 3: Truncate the value of 'timevalue' to beginning of the month.
+            >>> res=df1.assign(timevalue=df1.timevalue.trunc(formatter="MON"))
+            >>> res
+                            seq_no timevalue  magnitude time_value
+            data_set_id
+            556               3  19/01/16     61.080   19/01/01
+            556               5  19/01/30     63.810   19/01/01
+            556               6  19/02/06     63.354   19/02/01
+            556               7  19/02/13     63.871   19/02/01
+            556               9  19/02/27     61.490   19/02/01
+            556              10  19/03/06     61.524   19/03/01
+            556               8  19/02/20     61.886   19/02/01
+            556               4  19/01/23     63.900   19/01/01
+            556               2  19/01/09     61.617   19/01/01
+            556               1  19/01/02     60.900   19/01/01
+
+        """
+        numeric_types=[INTEGER, SMALLINT, BIGINT, BYTEINT, DECIMAL, FLOAT, NUMBER]
+        _args = [self.expression]
+        if type(self.type) in numeric_types:
+            if isinstance(expression, ColumnExpression):
+                _args.append(expression.expression)
+            else:
+                _args.append(expression)
+        elif formatter:
+            _args.append(formatter)
+        return _SQLColumnExpression(func.trunc(*_args))
+
+    def __get_columns(self, col_expr):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Function to get the columns involved in a sqlalchemy expression.
+
+        PARAMETERS:
+            col_expr:
+                Required Argument.
+                Specifies the sqlalchemy expression.
+                Types: BinaryExpression OR Grouping OR GenericFunction OR ClauseList OR Column
+
+        RAISES:
+            None
+
+        RETURNS:
+            list
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            >>> self.__get_columns(self.expression)
+        """
+        # If it is a column, return the name of the column.
+        if isinstance(col_expr, Column):
+            return [col_expr.name]
+
+        # Every other type exposes a method to retrieve the children. Recursively, walk through all
+        # the childs till a Column or a Bind Parameter is reached.
+        elif isinstance(col_expr, (BinaryExpression, Grouping, GenericFunction, ClauseList, Function)):
+            res = []
+            for c in col_expr.get_children():
+                res = res + self.__get_columns(c)
+            return res
+        else:
+            try:
+                if isinstance(col_expr, ExpressionClauseList):
+                    res = []
+                    for c in col_expr.get_children():
+                        res = res + self.__get_columns(c)
+                    return res
+            except NameError:
+                pass
+        # If the child is a Bind Parameter, return empty string.
+        return []
+
+    @property
+    def _all_columns(self):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            A property to get the columns involved in ColumnExpression.
+
+        RAISES:
+            None
+
+        RETURNS:
+            list
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            >>> self._all_columns
+        """
+        return list(set(self.__get_columns(self.expression)))
+
+    def _get_sqlalchemy_tables(self, expression):
+        """
+        DESCRIPTION:
+            Internal function to get the corresponding SQLAlchemy tables involved
+            in an expression.
+
+        RAISES:
+            None
+
+        RETURNS:
+            list
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+            >>> self._get_sqlalchemy_tables(expression)
+        """
+
+        # check if it is a sqlalchemy Column or not.
+        if isinstance(expression, Column):
+            return [expression.table]
+
+        result = []
+        if hasattr(expression, "get_children"):
+            for obj in expression.get_children():
+                result = result + self._get_sqlalchemy_tables(obj)
+            return list(set(result))
+
+        return []