@downdraft/engine 0.0.0 → 0.1.0

package/core/src/render/passes/spot-light-shadow.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+import { createValidatedShaderModule } from "../shader-validator";
+import type { StructView, WgslStruct } from "@downdraft/engine/shader-graph";
+import { f32, mat4x4f, vec4f, wgsl } from "@downdraft/engine/shader-graph";
+import { mat4, vec3, type Mat4 } from "wgpu-matrix";
+import type { MeshData } from "../../mesh/builder";
+import { PassType, type FrameGraphBuilder, type GraphRenderContext, type TextureHandle } from "../frame-graph";
+import { RenderPass } from "../render-pass";
+import { destroyMapValues } from "../resource-tracker";
+import { TrackedRenderPass } from "../tracked-render-pass";
+
+export const MAX_SPOT_LIGHT_SHADOWS = 4;
+
+const SpotShadowUniforms: WgslStruct = wgsl.struct("SpotShadowUniforms", {
+  viewProj: mat4x4f,
+  lightPos: vec4f,
+  bias: f32,
+  _pad0: f32,
+  _pad1: f32,
+  _pad2: f32,
+});
+
+const SPOT_SHADOW_SHADER = /* wgsl */ `
+${SpotShadowUniforms.wgsl}
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> spotShadow: SpotShadowUniforms;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var modelUniform: mat4x4<f32>;
+
+struct VertexInput {
+  @location(0) position: vec3<f32>,
+};
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_main(input: VertexInput) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
+  let worldPos = modelUniform * vec4<f32>(input.position, 1.0);
+  return spotShadow.viewProj * worldPos;
+}
+`;
+
+export interface SpotLightShadowData {
+  position: [number, number, number];
+  direction: [number, number, number];
+  range: number;
+  outerConeAngle: number;
+}
+
+export class SpotLightShadowPass extends RenderPass {
+  name = "spot-light-shadow";
+  passType = PassType.Custom;
+  shadowHandle: TextureHandle | null = null;
+
+  private device: GPUDevice;
+  private shadowMapSize: number;
+  private shaderModule: GPUShaderModule | null = null;
+  private shadowTextures: GPUTexture[] = [];
+  private shadowViews: GPUTextureView[] = [];
+  private shadowSamplers: GPUSampler[] = [];
+  private uniformBuffer: GPUBuffer | null = null;
+  private modelBuffer: GPUBuffer | null = null;
+  private viewProjBuffer: GPUBuffer | null = null;
+  private _uniformView: StructView | null = null;
+  private _uniformBuf: Float32Array | null = null;
+  private pipelines: Map<number, GPURenderPipeline> = new Map();
+  private bindGroups: Map<number, GPUBindGroup> = new Map();
+  private vertexBuffers: Map<MeshData, GPUBuffer> = new Map();
+  private indexBuffers: Map<MeshData, GPUBuffer> = new Map();
+  private viewProjs: Mat4[] = [];
+
+  constructor(device: GPUDevice, shadowMapSize: number = 1024) {
+    super();
+    this.device = device;
+    this.shadowMapSize = shadowMapSize;
+    for (let i = 0; i < MAX_SPOT_LIGHT_SHADOWS; i++) {
+      this.viewProjs.push(mat4.identity());
+    }
+  }
+
+  prepare(_device: GPUDevice): void {
+    if (!this.shaderModule) {
+      this.shaderModule = createValidatedShaderModule(this.device, { code: SPOT_SHADOW_SHADER, label: "SpotLightShadowPass" });
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < MAX_SPOT_LIGHT_SHADOWS; i++) {
+      const tex = this.device.createTexture({
+        size: [this.shadowMapSize, this.shadowMapSize],
+        format: "depth32float",
+        usage: GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING,
+      });
+      this.shadowTextures.push(tex);
+      this.shadowViews.push(tex.createView());
+      this.shadowSamplers.push(this.device.createSampler({ compare: "less", magFilter: "linear", minFilter: "linear" }));
+    }
+
+    this.uniformBuffer = this.device.createBuffer({
+      size: 96,
+      usage: GPUBufferUsage.UNIFORM | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST,
+    });
+    this._uniformBuf = new Float32Array(SpotShadowUniforms.floatCount);
+    this._uniformView = SpotShadowUniforms.view(this._uniformBuf);
+
+    this.modelBuffer = this.device.createBuffer({
+      size: 64,
+      usage: GPUBufferUsage.UNIFORM | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST,
+    });
+
+    this.viewProjBuffer = this.device.createBuffer({
+      size: MAX_SPOT_LIGHT_SHADOWS * 64,
+      usage: GPUBufferUsage.UNIFORM | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST,
+    });
+  }
+
+  private getPipeline(stride: number): GPURenderPipeline {
+    let pipeline = this.pipelines.get(stride);
+    if (!pipeline) {
+      pipeline = this.device.createRenderPipeline({
+        layout: "auto",
+        vertex: {
+          module: this.shaderModule!,
+          entryPoint: "vs_main",
+          buffers: [{
+            arrayStride: stride,
+            attributes: [{ shaderLocation: 0, offset: 0, format: "float32x3" }],
+          }],
+        },
+        primitive: { topology: "triangle-list", cullMode: "back" },
+        depthStencil: {
+          format: "depth32float",
+          depthWriteEnabled: true,
+          depthCompare: "less",
+        },
+      });
+      this.pipelines.set(stride, pipeline);
+      this.bindGroups.set(stride, this.device.createBindGroup({
+        layout: pipeline.getBindGroupLayout(0),
+        entries: [
+          { binding: 0, resource: { buffer: this.uniformBuffer! } },
+          { binding: 1, resource: { buffer: this.modelBuffer! } },
+        ],
+      }));
+    }
+    return pipeline;
+  }
+
+  computeSpotViewProj(
+    lightIndex: number,
+    position: [number, number, number],
+    direction: [number, number, number],
+    range: number,
+    outerConeAngle: number,
+  ): Mat4 {
+    const target = vec3.create(
+      position[0] + direction[0] * range,
+      position[1] + direction[1] * range,
+      position[2] + direction[2] * range,
+    );
+    const view = mat4.lookAt(
+      vec3.create(...position),
+      target,
+      vec3.create(0, 1, 0),
+    );
+    const fov = Math.min(outerConeAngle * 2.0, Math.PI * 0.9);
+    const proj = mat4.perspective(fov, 1.0, 0.1, range);
+    const vp = mat4.multiply(proj, view);
+    this.viewProjs[lightIndex] = vp;
+    return vp;
+  }
+
+  renderSpotLightShadow(
+    encoder: GPUCommandEncoder,
+    lightIndex: number,
+    meshes: Array<{ mesh: MeshData; model: Mat4 }>,
+  ): void {
+    if (lightIndex >= MAX_SPOT_LIGHT_SHADOWS || !this.shaderModule) return;
+
+    const view = this.shadowViews[lightIndex];
+    const vp = this.viewProjs[lightIndex];
+
+    const uv = this._uniformView!;
+    uv.set("viewProj", vp);
+    uv.set("lightPos", [0, 0, 0, 0]);
+    uv.set("bias", 0.001);
+    uv.set("_pad0", 0);
+    uv.set("_pad1", 0);
+    uv.set("_pad2", 0);
+    this.device.queue.writeBuffer(this.uniformBuffer!, 0, this._uniformBuf as unknown as BufferSource);
+
+    const pass = encoder.beginRenderPass({
+      colorAttachments: [],
+      depthStencilAttachment: {
+        view,
+        depthClearValue: 1.0,
+        depthLoadOp: "clear",
+        depthStoreOp: "store",
+      },
+    });
+
+    const tracked = new TrackedRenderPass(pass);
+    meshes.forEach(({ mesh, model }) => {
+      this.device.queue.writeBuffer(this.modelBuffer!, 0, model as unknown as BufferSource);
+      const pipeline = this.getPipeline(mesh.layout.stride);
+      const bindGroup = this.bindGroups.get(mesh.layout.stride)!;
+      tracked.setPipeline(pipeline);
+      tracked.setBindGroup(0, bindGroup);
+      tracked.setVertexBuffer(0, this.getVertexBuffer(mesh));
+      tracked.setIndexBuffer(this.getIndexBuffer(mesh), mesh.indices instanceof Uint16Array ? "uint16" : "uint32");
+      tracked.drawIndexed(mesh.indexCount);
+    });
+    tracked.end();
+  }
+
+  getShadowView(index: number): GPUTextureView | null {
+    return this.shadowViews[index] ?? null;
+  }
+
+  getShadowSampler(index: number): GPUSampler | null {
+    return this.shadowSamplers[index] ?? null;
+  }
+
+  getViewProj(index: number): Mat4 | null {
+    return this.viewProjs[index] ?? null;
+  }
+
+  setup(builder: FrameGraphBuilder): void {
+    if (this.shadowHandle) {
+      builder.write(this.shadowHandle);
+    }
+  }
+
+  execute(_ctx: GraphRenderContext): void {
+  }
+
+  private getVertexBuffer(mesh: MeshData): GPUBuffer {
+    let buf = this.vertexBuffers.get(mesh);
+    if (!buf) {
+      buf = this.device.createBuffer({
+        size: mesh.vertices.byteLength,
+        usage: GPUBufferUsage.VERTEX | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST,
+      });
+      this.device.queue.writeBuffer(buf, 0, mesh.vertices.buffer);
+      this.vertexBuffers.set(mesh, buf);
+    }
+    return buf;
+  }
+
+  private getIndexBuffer(mesh: MeshData): GPUBuffer {
+    let buf = this.indexBuffers.get(mesh);
+    if (!buf) {
+      buf = this.device.createBuffer({
+        size: mesh.indices.byteLength,
+        usage: GPUBufferUsage.INDEX | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST,
+      });
+      this.device.queue.writeBuffer(buf, 0, mesh.indices.buffer);
+      this.indexBuffers.set(mesh, buf);
+    }
+    return buf;
+  }
+
+  destroy(): void {
+    this.shadowTextures.forEach((tex) => { tex.destroy();; });
+    // GPUSampler has no destroy() — it's GC'd automatically.
+    this.shadowSamplers.length = 0;
+    this.uniformBuffer?.destroy();
+    this.modelBuffer?.destroy();
+    this.viewProjBuffer?.destroy();
+    this._uniformView = null;
+    this._uniformBuf = null;
+    for (const buf of this.vertexBuffers.values()) buf.destroy();
+    for (const buf of this.indexBuffers.values()) buf.destroy();
+    this.vertexBuffers.clear();
+    this.indexBuffers.clear();
+    destroyMapValues(this.pipelines);
+    destroyMapValues(this.bindGroups);
+  }
+}

package/core/src/render/passes/terrain.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+import { createValidatedShaderModule } from "../shader-validator";
+import type { StructView, WgslStruct } from "@downdraft/engine/shader-graph";
+import { f32, mat4x4f, vec3f, wgsl } from "@downdraft/engine/shader-graph";
+import { type Mat4 } from "wgpu-matrix";
+import type { FrameGraphBuilder, GraphRenderContext, TextureHandle } from "../frame-graph";
+import { RenderPass } from "../render-pass";
+
+// ─── Uniform structs (single source of truth for layout) ───────────────────
+const Uniforms: WgslStruct = wgsl.struct("Uniforms", {
+  viewProj: mat4x4f,
+  cameraPos: vec3f,
+  time: f32,
+  patchSize: f32,
+  originX: f32,
+  originZ: f32,
+  _pad0: f32,
+  sunDir: vec3f,
+  sunIntensity: f32,
+  timeOfDay: f32,
+  waterHeight: f32,
+  _pad1: f32,
+});
+
+const TERRAIN_SHADER = /* wgsl */ `
+${Uniforms.wgsl}
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+struct VertexInput {
+  @location(0) position: vec2<f32>,
+};
+
+struct VertexOutput {
+  @builtin(position) clipPos: vec4<f32>,
+  @location(0) worldPos: vec3<f32>,
+  @location(1) depth: f32,
+  @location(2) normal: vec3<f32>,
+};
+
+fn hash(p: vec2<f32>) -> f32 {
+  return fract(sin(dot(p, vec2<f32>(127.1, 311.7))) * 43758.5453);
+}
+
+fn noise(p: vec2<f32>) -> f32 {
+  let i = floor(p);
+  let f = fract(p);
+  let a = hash(i);
+  let b = hash(i + vec2<f32>(1.0, 0.0));
+  let c = hash(i + vec2<f32>(0.0, 1.0));
+  let d = hash(i + vec2<f32>(1.0, 1.0));
+  let u = f * f * (3.0 - 2.0 * f);
+  return mix(mix(a, b, u.x), mix(c, d, u.x), u.y);
+}
+
+fn fbm(p: vec2<f32>) -> f32 {
+  var v = 0.0;
+  var a = 0.5;
+  var pp = p;
+  for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    v += a * noise(pp);
+    pp = pp * 2.0;
+    a *= 0.5;
+  }
+  return v;
+}
+
+fn ridgedNoise(p: vec2<f32>) -> f32 {
+  var v = 0.0;
+  var a = 0.5;
+  var pp = p;
+  for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    let n = noise(pp);
+    v += a * (1.0 - abs(n * 2.0 - 1.0));
+    pp = pp * 2.0;
+    a *= 0.5;
+  }
+  return v;
+}
+
+fn terrainHeight(x: f32, z: f32) -> f32 {
+  let p = vec2<f32>(x * 0.01, z * 0.01);
+  var h = 0.0;
+  h += fbm(p) * 40.0;
+  h += ridgedNoise(p * 2.0) * 15.0;
+  h += noise(p * 8.0) * 5.0;
+  return -h - 10.0;
+}
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_main(input: VertexInput) -> VertexOutput {
+  var output: VertexOutput;
+  let worldX = uniforms.originX + input.position.x * 4.0;
+  let worldZ = uniforms.originZ + input.position.y * 4.0;
+  let h = terrainHeight(worldX, worldZ);
+  let worldPos = vec3<f32>(worldX, h, worldZ);
+  output.worldPos = worldPos;
+  output.depth = -h;
+
+  // Compute normal by sampling neighbor heights
+  let eps = 2.0;
+  let hL = terrainHeight(worldX - eps, worldZ);
+  let hR = terrainHeight(worldX + eps, worldZ);
+  let hD = terrainHeight(worldX, worldZ - eps);
+  let hU = terrainHeight(worldX, worldZ + eps);
+  output.normal = normalize(vec3<f32>(hL - hR, 2.0 * eps, hD - hU));
+
+  output.clipPos = uniforms.viewProj * vec4<f32>(worldPos, 1.0);
+  return output;
+}
+
+fn sandRipples(worldPos: vec3<f32>, depth: f32) -> f32 {
+  let rippleScale = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.0, 80.0, depth);
+  let rp = vec2<f32>(worldPos.x * 0.15, worldPos.z * 0.15);
+  let ripple = sin(rp.x + noise(rp * 0.5) * 3.0) * 0.5 + 0.5;
+  let ripple2 = sin(worldPos.x * 0.08 + worldPos.z * 0.06 + noise(rp * 0.3) * 2.0) * 0.5 + 0.5;
+  return (ripple * 0.6 + ripple2 * 0.4) * rippleScale;
+}
+
+fn grainNoise(worldPos: vec3<f32>) -> f32 {
+  let gp = vec2<f32>(worldPos.x * 2.5, worldPos.z * 2.5);
+  return noise(gp) * 0.15 + noise(gp * 3.0) * 0.08;
+}
+
+fn caustics(worldPos: vec3<f32>, depth: f32, time: f32) -> f32 {
+  let causticStrength = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.0, 120.0, depth);
+  let cuv = vec2<f32>(worldPos.x * 0.05, worldPos.z * 0.05) + vec2<f32>(time * 0.08, time * 0.06);
+  let n1 = noise(cuv * 3.0);
+  let n2 = noise(cuv * 5.0 + vec2<f32>(10.0, 5.0));
+  let n3 = noise(cuv * 8.0 + vec2<f32>(20.0, 15.0));
+  let c = abs(n1 * 0.5 + n2 * 0.3 + n3 * 0.2 - 0.5);
+  return pow(1.0 - c, 3.0) * causticStrength;
+}
+
+@fragment
+fn fs_main(input: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+  let depth = input.depth;
+  let N = normalize(input.normal);
+  let sunDir = normalize(uniforms.sunDir);
+
+  // Base color palette — sand to mud to deep sediment
+  let sandColor = vec3<f32>(0.72, 0.62, 0.42);
+  let wetSandColor = vec3<f32>(0.55, 0.45, 0.30);
+  let mudColor = vec3<f32>(0.35, 0.30, 0.20);
+  let rockColor = vec3<f32>(0.25, 0.23, 0.20);
+  let deepColor = vec3<f32>(0.08, 0.09, 0.07);
+
+  // Depth-based color gradient
+  var color = mix(sandColor, wetSandColor, smoothstep(5.0, 25.0, depth));
+  color = mix(color, mudColor, smoothstep(25.0, 60.0, depth));
+  color = mix(color, rockColor, smoothstep(60.0, 120.0, depth));
+  color = mix(color, deepColor, smoothstep(120.0, 250.0, depth));
+
+  // Procedural texture detail
+  let ripples = sandRipples(input.worldPos, depth);
+  let grain = grainNoise(input.worldPos);
+  color *= 0.75 + ripples * 0.35 + grain;
+
+  // Large-scale variation from terrain noise
+  let varNoise = fbm(vec2<f32>(input.worldPos.x * 0.02, input.worldPos.z * 0.02));
+  color *= 0.85 + varNoise * 0.3;
+
+  // Directional sun lighting (half-Lambert for softer underwater look)
+  let NdotL = dot(N, sunDir);
+  let halfLambert = NdotL * 0.5 + 0.5;
+  let sunLight = halfLambert * halfLambert * uniforms.sunIntensity;
+
+  // Depth-based ambient — bluer in shallow water, darker in deep
+  let shallowAmbient = vec3<f32>(0.15, 0.25, 0.30);
+  let deepAmbient = vec3<f32>(0.02, 0.03, 0.04);
+  let ambient = mix(shallowAmbient, deepAmbient, smoothstep(0.0, 150.0, depth));
+
+  // Apply lighting
+  color = color * (ambient + sunLight * vec3<f32>(1.0, 0.95, 0.8) * 0.6);
+
+  // Caustics — animated light patterns on the seabed
+  let c = caustics(input.worldPos, depth, uniforms.time);
+  color += vec3<f32>(0.3, 0.45, 0.5) * c * uniforms.sunIntensity * 0.5;
+
+  // Night darkening
+  let nightFactor = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.2, 0.5, uniforms.timeOfDay);
+  color *= 1.0 - nightFactor * 0.6;
+
+  // Distance fog — blend to underwater color
+  let dist = length(uniforms.cameraPos - input.worldPos);
+  let fogFactor = 1.0 - exp(-dist * 0.004);
+  let fogColor = vec3<f32>(0.02, 0.08, 0.12);
+  color = mix(color, fogColor, clamp(fogFactor, 0.0, 0.95));
+
+  return vec4<f32>(color, 1.0);
+}
+`;
+
+export interface TerrainUniforms {
+  viewProj: Mat4;
+  cameraPos: [number, number, number];
+  time: number;
+  patchSize: number;
+  originX: number;
+  originZ: number;
+  sunDir?: [number, number, number];
+  sunIntensity?: number;
+  timeOfDay?: number;
+  waterHeight?: number;
+}
+
+export class TerrainPass extends RenderPass {
+  name = "terrain";
+  hdrHandle: TextureHandle | null = null;
+  depthHandle: TextureHandle | null = null;
+  private device: GPUDevice;
+  private pipeline: GPURenderPipeline | null = null;
+  private shaderModule: GPUShaderModule | null = null;
+  private uniformBuffer: GPUBuffer | null = null;
+  private bindGroup: GPUBindGroup | null = null;
+  private vertexBuffer: GPUBuffer | null = null;
+  private indexBuffer: GPUBuffer | null = null;
+  private indexCount = 0;
+  private surfaceFormat: GPUTextureFormat;
+  private msaaSampleCount: number = 1;
+  private gridSize: number;
+  private _uniformView: StructView | null = null;
+  private _uniformBuf: Float32Array | null = null;
+
+  constructor(device: GPUDevice, surfaceFormat: GPUTextureFormat, msaaSampleCount = 1, gridSize = 128) {
+    super();
+    this.device = device;
+    this.surfaceFormat = surfaceFormat;
+    this.msaaSampleCount = msaaSampleCount;
+    this.gridSize = gridSize;
+  }
+
+  prepare(_device: GPUDevice): void {
+    if (this.pipeline) return;
+
+    const gridSize = this.gridSize;
+    const vertices: number[] = [];
+    for (let z = 0; z <= gridSize; z++) {
+      for (let x = 0; x <= gridSize; x++) {
+        vertices.push(x, z);
+      }
+    }
+    const indices: number[] = [];
+    for (let z = 0; z < gridSize; z++) {
+      for (let x = 0; x < gridSize; x++) {
+        const i = z * (gridSize + 1) + x;
+        indices.push(i, i + 1, i + gridSize + 1);
+        indices.push(i + 1, i + gridSize + 2, i + gridSize + 1);
+      }
+    }
+    this.indexCount = indices.length;
+
+    const dev = this.device;
+    this.shaderModule = createValidatedShaderModule(dev, { code: TERRAIN_SHADER, label: "TerrainPass" });
+    this.uniformBuffer = dev.createBuffer({ size: 256, usage: GPUBufferUsage.UNIFORM | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST });
+    this._uniformBuf = new Float32Array(32);
+    this._uniformView = Uniforms.view(this._uniformBuf);
+    this.vertexBuffer = dev.createBuffer({ size: vertices.length * 4, usage: GPUBufferUsage.VERTEX | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST });
+    dev.queue.writeBuffer(this.vertexBuffer, 0, new Float32Array(vertices));
+    this.indexBuffer = dev.createBuffer({ size: indices.length * 2, usage: GPUBufferUsage.INDEX | GPUBufferUsage.COPY_DST });
+    dev.queue.writeBuffer(this.indexBuffer, 0, new Uint16Array(indices));
+    this.pipeline = dev.createRenderPipeline({
+      layout: "auto",
+      vertex: {
+        module: this.shaderModule, entryPoint: "vs_main",
+        buffers: [{ arrayStride: 8, attributes: [{ shaderLocation: 0, offset: 0, format: "float32x2" }] }],
+      },
+      fragment: { module: this.shaderModule, entryPoint: "fs_main", targets: [{ format: this.surfaceFormat }] },
+      primitive: { topology: "triangle-list" },
+      multisample: { count: this.msaaSampleCount },
+      depthStencil: { format: "depth32float", depthWriteEnabled: true, depthCompare: "less" },
+    });
+    this.bindGroup = dev.createBindGroup({
+      layout: this.pipeline.getBindGroupLayout(0),
+      entries: [{ binding: 0, resource: { buffer: this.uniformBuffer } }],
+    });
+  }
+
+  setUniforms(u: TerrainUniforms): void {
+    if (!this.uniformBuffer) return;
+    const view = this._uniformView!;
+    view.set("viewProj", u.viewProj as Float32Array);
+    view.set("cameraPos", u.cameraPos);
+    view.set("time", u.time);
+    view.set("patchSize", u.patchSize);
+    view.set("originX", u.originX);
+    view.set("originZ", u.originZ);
+    // _pad0 is padding, left as 0
+    const sd = u.sunDir ?? [0, 1, 0];
+    view.set("sunDir", sd);
+    view.set("sunIntensity", u.sunIntensity ?? 1.0);
+    view.set("timeOfDay", u.timeOfDay ?? 0.5);
+    view.set("waterHeight", u.waterHeight ?? 0.0);
+    // _pad1 is padding, left as 0
+    this.device.queue.writeBuffer(this.uniformBuffer, 0, this._uniformBuf! as unknown as BufferSource);
+  }
+
+  setup(builder: FrameGraphBuilder): void {
+    if (this.depthHandle) builder.depthAttachment({ handle: this.depthHandle, depthLoadOp: "load", depthStoreOp: "store", depthReadOnly: true });
+    if (this.hdrHandle) builder.colorAttachment({ handle: this.hdrHandle, loadOp: "load", storeOp: "store" });
+  }
+
+  execute(ctx: GraphRenderContext): void {
+    if (!this.pipeline || !this.bindGroup || !this.vertexBuffer || !this.indexBuffer || !ctx.pass) return;
+
+    const tracked = ctx.pass;
+    tracked.setPipeline(this.pipeline);
+    tracked.setBindGroup(0, this.bindGroup);
+    tracked.setVertexBuffer(0, this.vertexBuffer);
+    tracked.setIndexBuffer(this.indexBuffer, "uint16");
+    tracked.drawIndexed(this.indexCount);
+  }
+
+  destroy(): void {
+    this.uniformBuffer?.destroy();
+    this.vertexBuffer?.destroy();
+    this.indexBuffer?.destroy();
+    this.uniformBuffer = null;
+    this.vertexBuffer = null;
+    this.indexBuffer = null;
+    this.pipeline = null;
+    this.shaderModule = null;
+    this.bindGroup = null;
+    this._uniformView = null;
+    this._uniformBuf = null;
+  }
+}