@bloomengine/engine 0.3.1

package/native/ios/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2258 @@
+use bloom_shared::engine::EngineState;
+use bloom_shared::renderer::Renderer;
+use bloom_shared::string_header::str_from_header;
+use bloom_shared::audio::{parse_wav, parse_ogg, parse_mp3, SoundData};
+
+use objc2::encode::{Encode, Encoding, RefEncode};
+use objc2::rc::{Allocated, Retained};
+use objc2::runtime::{AnyClass, AnyObject, Bool, Sel};
+use objc2::{msg_send, sel};
+
+use raw_window_handle::{RawDisplayHandle, RawWindowHandle, UiKitDisplayHandle, UiKitWindowHandle};
+
+use std::ffi::c_void;
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+
+static mut ENGINE: OnceLock<EngineState> = OnceLock::new();
+static mut UI_WINDOW: Option<Retained<AnyObject>> = None;
+static mut UI_VIEW: Option<Retained<AnyObject>> = None;
+static mut TOUCH_MAP: [*const c_void; 10] = [std::ptr::null(); 10];
+static mut BUNDLE_PATH: Option<String> = None;
+static mut SCREEN_SCALE: f64 = 1.0;
+/// UIInterfaceOrientationMask for the root view controller.
+/// Default: all (0x1E). Set to landscape (0x18) from bloom_init_window when width > height.
+static mut ORIENTATION_MASK: u64 = 0x1E; // UIInterfaceOrientationMaskAll
+
+
+/// Resolve a relative asset path to the app bundle path.
+fn resolve_path(path: &str) -> String {
+    if path.starts_with('/') {
+        return path.to_string();
+    }
+    unsafe {
+        if let Some(ref base) = BUNDLE_PATH {
+            format!("{}/{}", base, path)
+        } else {
+            path.to_string()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn engine() -> &'static mut EngineState {
+    unsafe { ENGINE.get_mut().expect("Engine not initialized") }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// CG types with objc2 Encode
+// ============================================================
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+struct CGPoint { x: f64, y: f64 }
+
+unsafe impl Encode for CGPoint {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Struct("CGPoint", &[Encoding::Double, Encoding::Double]);
+}
+unsafe impl RefEncode for CGPoint {
+    const ENCODING_REF: Encoding = Encoding::Pointer(&Self::ENCODING);
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+struct CGSize { width: f64, height: f64 }
+
+unsafe impl Encode for CGSize {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Struct("CGSize", &[Encoding::Double, Encoding::Double]);
+}
+unsafe impl RefEncode for CGSize {
+    const ENCODING_REF: Encoding = Encoding::Pointer(&Self::ENCODING);
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+struct CGRect { origin: CGPoint, size: CGSize }
+
+unsafe impl Encode for CGRect {
+    const ENCODING: Encoding = Encoding::Struct("CGRect", &[CGPoint::ENCODING, CGSize::ENCODING]);
+}
+unsafe impl RefEncode for CGRect {
+    const ENCODING_REF: Encoding = Encoding::Pointer(&Self::ENCODING);
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// ObjC runtime
+// ============================================================
+
+extern "C" {
+    fn objc_allocateClassPair(superclass: *const AnyClass, name: *const u8, extra_bytes: usize) -> *mut AnyClass;
+    fn objc_registerClassPair(cls: *mut AnyClass);
+    fn class_addMethod(cls: *mut AnyClass, sel: Sel, imp: *const c_void, types: *const u8) -> bool;
+
+    fn CFRunLoopRunInMode(mode: *const c_void, seconds: f64, return_after: u8) -> i32;
+    static kCFRunLoopDefaultMode: *const c_void;
+}
+
+fn pump_run_loop(seconds: f64) {
+    unsafe { CFRunLoopRunInMode(kCFRunLoopDefaultMode, seconds, 0); }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Register BloomMetalView — UIView subclass with +layerClass = CAMetalLayer
+// ============================================================
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn bloom_layer_class(_cls: *const c_void, _sel: Sel) -> *const c_void {
+    AnyClass::get(c"CAMetalLayer").unwrap() as *const AnyClass as *const c_void
+}
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn bloom_touches_began(_this: *mut c_void, _sel: Sel, touches: *const AnyObject, _event: *const AnyObject) {
+    handle_touches(touches, TouchPhase::Began);
+}
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn bloom_touches_moved(_this: *mut c_void, _sel: Sel, touches: *const AnyObject, _event: *const AnyObject) {
+    handle_touches(touches, TouchPhase::Moved);
+}
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn bloom_touches_ended(_this: *mut c_void, _sel: Sel, touches: *const AnyObject, _event: *const AnyObject) {
+    handle_touches(touches, TouchPhase::Ended);
+}
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn bloom_touches_cancelled(_this: *mut c_void, _sel: Sel, touches: *const AnyObject, _event: *const AnyObject) {
+    handle_touches(touches, TouchPhase::Ended);
+}
+
+enum TouchPhase { Began, Moved, Ended }
+
+unsafe fn handle_touches(touches: *const AnyObject, phase: TouchPhase) {
+    if touches.is_null() { return; }
+
+    let view_ptr: *const AnyObject = match UI_VIEW.as_ref() {
+        Some(v) => Retained::as_ptr(v),
+        None => std::ptr::null(),
+    };
+
+    let enumerator: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![&*touches, objectEnumerator];
+    loop {
+        let touch: *const AnyObject = msg_send![&*enumerator, nextObject];
+        if touch.is_null() { break; }
+
+        let touch_id = touch as *const c_void;
+        let loc: CGPoint = msg_send![&*touch, locationInView: view_ptr];
+
+        let index = match phase {
+            TouchPhase::Began => {
+                let mut slot = None;
+                for i in 0..10 {
+                    if TOUCH_MAP[i].is_null() {
+                        TOUCH_MAP[i] = touch_id;
+                        slot = Some(i);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                match slot {
+                    Some(i) => i,
+                    None => continue,
+                }
+            }
+            TouchPhase::Moved => {
+                match TOUCH_MAP.iter().position(|&p| p == touch_id) {
+                    Some(i) => i,
+                    None => continue,
+                }
+            }
+            TouchPhase::Ended => {
+                match TOUCH_MAP.iter().position(|&p| p == touch_id) {
+                    Some(i) => {
+                        TOUCH_MAP[i] = std::ptr::null();
+                        i
+                    }
+                    None => continue,
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        if let Some(eng) = ENGINE.get_mut() {
+            let active = !matches!(phase, TouchPhase::Ended);
+            // Scale touch from points to pixels to match getScreenWidth/Height
+            let sx = loc.x * SCREEN_SCALE;
+            let sy = loc.y * SCREEN_SCALE;
+            eng.input.set_touch(index, sx, sy, active);
+
+            if index == 0 {
+                eng.input.set_mouse_position(sx, sy);
+                if active {
+                    eng.input.set_mouse_button_down(0);
+                } else {
+                    eng.input.set_mouse_button_up(0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn register_metal_view_class() {
+    if AnyClass::get(c"BloomMetalView").is_some() { return; }
+
+    unsafe {
+        let superclass = AnyClass::get(c"UIView").unwrap();
+        let cls = objc_allocateClassPair(superclass as *const AnyClass, b"BloomMetalView\0".as_ptr(), 0);
+        if cls.is_null() { return; }
+
+        extern "C" { fn object_getClass(obj: *const c_void) -> *mut AnyClass; }
+        let meta = object_getClass(cls as *const c_void);
+
+        class_addMethod(meta, sel!(layerClass), bloom_layer_class as *const c_void, b"#8@0:8\0".as_ptr());
+
+        let touch_types = b"v32@0:8@16@24\0".as_ptr();
+        class_addMethod(cls, sel!(touchesBegan:withEvent:), bloom_touches_began as *const c_void, touch_types);
+        class_addMethod(cls, sel!(touchesMoved:withEvent:), bloom_touches_moved as *const c_void, touch_types);
+        class_addMethod(cls, sel!(touchesEnded:withEvent:), bloom_touches_ended as *const c_void, touch_types);
+        class_addMethod(cls, sel!(touchesCancelled:withEvent:), bloom_touches_cancelled as *const c_void, touch_types);
+
+        objc_registerClassPair(cls);
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Register BloomViewController — UIViewController with orientation lock
+// ============================================================
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn bloom_vc_supported_orientations(_this: *const c_void, _sel: Sel) -> u64 {
+    unsafe { ORIENTATION_MASK }
+}
+
+fn register_view_controller_class() {
+    if AnyClass::get(c"BloomViewController").is_some() { return; }
+
+    unsafe {
+        let superclass = AnyClass::get(c"UIViewController").unwrap();
+        let cls = objc_allocateClassPair(superclass as *const AnyClass, b"BloomViewController\0".as_ptr(), 0);
+        if cls.is_null() { return; }
+
+        let sel = Sel::register(c"supportedInterfaceOrientations");
+        class_addMethod(cls, sel, bloom_vc_supported_orientations as *const c_void, b"Q16@0:8\0".as_ptr());
+
+        objc_registerClassPair(cls);
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Scene delegate — creates UIWindow + Metal view + wgpu engine
+// ============================================================
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn scene_will_connect(
+    _this: *mut c_void,
+    _sel: Sel,
+    scene: *const AnyObject,
+    _session: *const AnyObject,
+    _options: *const AnyObject,
+) {
+    if scene.is_null() { return; }
+
+    // Get screen bounds from UIScreen.mainScreen (simpler than scene.screen)
+    let screen_cls = AnyClass::get(c"UIScreen").unwrap();
+    let screen: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![screen_cls, mainScreen];
+    let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![&*screen, bounds];
+    let scale: f64 = msg_send![&*screen, scale];
+
+    let pixel_width = (bounds.size.width * scale) as u32;
+    let pixel_height = (bounds.size.height * scale) as u32;
+
+    // Create UIWindow attached to the scene
+    let window_cls = AnyClass::get(c"UIWindow").unwrap();
+    let window: Allocated<AnyObject> = msg_send![window_cls, alloc];
+    let window: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![window, initWithWindowScene: scene];
+
+    // Create BloomViewController (with orientation lock support)
+    let vc_cls = AnyClass::get(c"BloomViewController")
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| AnyClass::get(c"UIViewController").unwrap());
+    let vc: Allocated<AnyObject> = msg_send![vc_cls, alloc];
+    let vc: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![vc, init];
+
+    // Create BloomMetalView
+    let view_cls = AnyClass::get(c"BloomMetalView").unwrap();
+    let view: Allocated<AnyObject> = msg_send![view_cls, alloc];
+    let view: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![view, initWithFrame: bounds];
+
+    // Set background to green (diagnostic — visible if Metal isn't rendering)
+    let color_cls = AnyClass::get(c"UIColor").unwrap();
+    let green: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![color_cls, greenColor];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*view, setBackgroundColor: &*green];
+
+    // Configure CAMetalLayer
+    let layer: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![&*view, layer];
+    let drawable_size = CGSize { width: pixel_width as f64, height: pixel_height as f64 };
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*layer, setDrawableSize: drawable_size];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*layer, setContentsScale: scale];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*layer, setOpaque: Bool::NO];  // Non-opaque so green shows if Metal fails
+
+    // Enable touches
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*view, setUserInteractionEnabled: Bool::YES];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*view, setMultipleTouchEnabled: Bool::YES];
+
+    // Set up window hierarchy
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*vc, setView: &*view];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*window, setRootViewController: &*vc];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*window, makeKeyAndVisible];
+
+    // Store references
+    UI_VIEW = Some(view.clone());
+    UI_WINDOW = Some(window);
+
+    // Create wgpu surface
+    let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(wgpu::InstanceDescriptor {
+        backends: wgpu::Backends::METAL,
+        ..wgpu::InstanceDescriptor::new_without_display_handle()
+    });
+
+    let view_ptr = Retained::as_ptr(&view) as *mut c_void;
+    let handle = UiKitWindowHandle::new(
+        std::ptr::NonNull::new(view_ptr).unwrap(),
+    );
+    let raw = RawWindowHandle::UiKit(handle);
+    let surface = instance.create_surface_unsafe(wgpu::SurfaceTargetUnsafe::RawHandle {
+        raw_display_handle: Some(RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(UiKitDisplayHandle::new())),
+        raw_window_handle: raw,
+    }).expect("Failed to create wgpu surface");
+
+    let adapter = pollster_block_on(instance.request_adapter(&wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
+        compatible_surface: Some(&surface),
+        power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
+        ..Default::default()
+    })).expect("No GPU adapter found");
+
+    // Ticket 007b: opt into HW ray-query on RT-capable Apple Silicon
+    // devices. `BLOOM_FORCE_SW_GI=1` forces the SW path for bench parity.
+    let supported = adapter.features();
+    let force_sw_gi = std::env::var("BLOOM_FORCE_SW_GI")
+        .map(|v| v == "1" || v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("true"))
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+    let rt_mask = wgpu::Features::EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_QUERY;
+    let mut required_features = wgpu::Features::empty();
+    // Ticket 011: request TIMESTAMP_QUERY when supported so the profiler
+    // can record GPU timings. Optional — profiler falls back to CPU-only
+    // when the adapter doesn't grant it.
+    if supported.contains(wgpu::Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY) {
+        required_features |= wgpu::Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY;
+    }
+    if !force_sw_gi && supported.contains(rt_mask) {
+        required_features |= rt_mask;
+    }
+    let experimental_features = if required_features.intersects(rt_mask) {
+        unsafe { wgpu::ExperimentalFeatures::enabled() }
+    } else {
+        wgpu::ExperimentalFeatures::disabled()
+    };
+    let mut required_limits = wgpu::Limits::default();
+    if required_features.intersects(rt_mask) {
+        required_limits = required_limits
+            .using_minimum_supported_acceleration_structure_values();
+    }
+    let (device, queue) = pollster_block_on(adapter.request_device(
+        &wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
+            label: Some("bloom_device"),
+            required_features,
+            required_limits,
+            experimental_features,
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+    )).expect("Failed to create device");
+
+    let surface_caps = surface.get_capabilities(&adapter);
+    let format = surface_caps.formats.iter()
+        .find(|f| f.is_srgb()).copied()
+        .unwrap_or(surface_caps.formats[0]);
+
+    let surface_config = wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration {
+        usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
+        format,
+        width: pixel_width,
+        height: pixel_height,
+        present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Fifo,
+        alpha_mode: surface_caps.alpha_modes[0],
+        view_formats: vec![],
+        desired_maximum_frame_latency: 2,
+    };
+    surface.configure(&device, &surface_config);
+
+    let renderer = Renderer::new(device, queue, surface, surface_config, pixel_width, pixel_height);
+    let _ = ENGINE.set(EngineState::new(renderer));
+
+    // Write debug info to app container tmp
+    {
+        let ns_cls = AnyClass::get(c"NSTemporaryDirectory").unwrap_or(AnyClass::get(c"NSString").unwrap());
+        // Use NSFileManager to get tmp dir
+        extern "C" { fn NSTemporaryDirectory() -> *const AnyObject; }
+        let tmp_dir: *const AnyObject = NSTemporaryDirectory();
+        if !tmp_dir.is_null() {
+            let utf8: *const u8 = msg_send![&*tmp_dir, UTF8String];
+            if !utf8.is_null() {
+                let cstr_val = std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(utf8 as *const i8);
+                if let Ok(tmp_path) = cstr_val.to_str() {
+                    let _ = std::fs::write(format!("{}bloom_debug.txt", tmp_path),
+                        format!("scene_will_connect OK\npixels={}x{} scale={}\nwindow_scene={}\n",
+                            pixel_width, pixel_height, scale, !scene.is_null()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ENGINE is now set — bloom_init_window polls for this on the game thread
+}
+
+/// Called by the perry runtime's main() before UIApplicationMain to register
+/// ObjC classes needed for the scene lifecycle.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn perry_register_native_classes() {
+    register_metal_view_class();
+    register_view_controller_class();
+    register_scene_delegate();
+}
+
+/// Called by the runtime's scene delegate when the UIWindowScene connects.
+/// This runs on the main thread — safe for all UIKit operations.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn perry_scene_will_connect(scene: *const c_void) {
+    let screen_cls = AnyClass::get(c"UIScreen").unwrap();
+    let screen: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![screen_cls, mainScreen];
+    let bounds: CGRect = msg_send![&*screen, bounds];
+    let scale: f64 = msg_send![&*screen, scale];
+
+    let pixel_width = (bounds.size.width * scale) as u32;
+    let pixel_height = (bounds.size.height * scale) as u32;
+
+    // Store scale for touch coordinate conversion (points → pixels)
+    SCREEN_SCALE = scale;
+
+    // Create UIWindow — attached to scene if available, otherwise plain
+    let window_cls = AnyClass::get(c"UIWindow").unwrap();
+    let window: Retained<AnyObject> = if !scene.is_null() {
+        let w: Allocated<AnyObject> = msg_send![window_cls, alloc];
+        msg_send![w, initWithWindowScene: scene as *const AnyObject]
+    } else {
+        let w: Allocated<AnyObject> = msg_send![window_cls, alloc];
+        msg_send![w, initWithFrame: bounds]
+    };
+
+    // Create BloomViewController (with orientation lock support)
+    let vc_cls = AnyClass::get(c"BloomViewController")
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| AnyClass::get(c"UIViewController").unwrap());
+    let vc: Allocated<AnyObject> = msg_send![vc_cls, alloc];
+    let vc: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![vc, init];
+
+    // Create BloomMetalView
+    let view_cls = AnyClass::get(c"BloomMetalView").unwrap();
+    let view: Allocated<AnyObject> = msg_send![view_cls, alloc];
+    let view: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![view, initWithFrame: bounds];
+
+    // Set background to black
+    let color_cls = AnyClass::get(c"UIColor").unwrap();
+    let black: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![color_cls, blackColor];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*view, setBackgroundColor: &*black];
+
+    // Configure CAMetalLayer
+    let layer: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![&*view, layer];
+    let drawable_size = CGSize { width: pixel_width as f64, height: pixel_height as f64 };
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*layer, setDrawableSize: drawable_size];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*layer, setContentsScale: scale];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*layer, setOpaque: Bool::YES];
+
+    // Enable touches
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*view, setUserInteractionEnabled: Bool::YES];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*view, setMultipleTouchEnabled: Bool::YES];
+
+    // Set up window hierarchy
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*vc, setView: &*view];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*window, setRootViewController: &*vc];
+    let _: () = msg_send![&*window, makeKeyAndVisible];
+
+    // Store references
+    UI_VIEW = Some(view.clone());
+    UI_WINDOW = Some(window);
+
+    // Create wgpu surface and engine
+    let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(wgpu::InstanceDescriptor {
+        backends: wgpu::Backends::METAL,
+        ..wgpu::InstanceDescriptor::new_without_display_handle()
+    });
+
+    let view_ptr = Retained::as_ptr(&view) as *mut c_void;
+    let handle = UiKitWindowHandle::new(
+        std::ptr::NonNull::new(view_ptr).unwrap(),
+    );
+    let raw = RawWindowHandle::UiKit(handle);
+    let surface = instance.create_surface_unsafe(wgpu::SurfaceTargetUnsafe::RawHandle {
+        raw_display_handle: Some(RawDisplayHandle::UiKit(UiKitDisplayHandle::new())),
+        raw_window_handle: raw,
+    }).expect("Failed to create wgpu surface");
+
+    let adapter = pollster_block_on(instance.request_adapter(&wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
+        compatible_surface: Some(&surface),
+        power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
+        ..Default::default()
+    })).expect("No GPU adapter found");
+
+    // Ticket 007b: opt into HW ray-query on RT-capable Apple Silicon
+    // devices. `BLOOM_FORCE_SW_GI=1` forces the SW path for bench parity.
+    let supported = adapter.features();
+    let force_sw_gi = std::env::var("BLOOM_FORCE_SW_GI")
+        .map(|v| v == "1" || v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("true"))
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+    let rt_mask = wgpu::Features::EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_QUERY;
+    let mut required_features = wgpu::Features::empty();
+    // Ticket 011: request TIMESTAMP_QUERY when supported so the profiler
+    // can record GPU timings. Optional — profiler falls back to CPU-only
+    // when the adapter doesn't grant it.
+    if supported.contains(wgpu::Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY) {
+        required_features |= wgpu::Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY;
+    }
+    if !force_sw_gi && supported.contains(rt_mask) {
+        required_features |= rt_mask;
+    }
+    let experimental_features = if required_features.intersects(rt_mask) {
+        unsafe { wgpu::ExperimentalFeatures::enabled() }
+    } else {
+        wgpu::ExperimentalFeatures::disabled()
+    };
+    let mut required_limits = wgpu::Limits::default();
+    if required_features.intersects(rt_mask) {
+        required_limits = required_limits
+            .using_minimum_supported_acceleration_structure_values();
+    }
+    let (device, queue) = pollster_block_on(adapter.request_device(
+        &wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
+            label: Some("bloom_device"),
+            required_features,
+            required_limits,
+            experimental_features,
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+    )).expect("Failed to create device");
+
+    let surface_caps = surface.get_capabilities(&adapter);
+    let format = surface_caps.formats.iter()
+        .find(|f| f.is_srgb()).copied()
+        .unwrap_or(surface_caps.formats[0]);
+
+    let surface_config = wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration {
+        usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
+        format,
+        width: pixel_width,
+        height: pixel_height,
+        present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Fifo,
+        alpha_mode: surface_caps.alpha_modes[0],
+        view_formats: vec![],
+        desired_maximum_frame_latency: 2,
+    };
+    surface.configure(&device, &surface_config);
+
+    let renderer = Renderer::new(device, queue, surface, surface_config, pixel_width, pixel_height);
+    let _ = ENGINE.set(EngineState::new(renderer));
+}
+
+fn register_scene_delegate() {
+    if AnyClass::get(c"PerrySceneDelegate").is_some() { return; }
+
+    unsafe {
+        let superclass = AnyClass::get(c"UIResponder").unwrap();
+        let cls = objc_allocateClassPair(superclass as *const AnyClass, b"PerrySceneDelegate\0".as_ptr(), 0);
+        if cls.is_null() { return; }
+
+        // scene:willConnectToSession:connectionOptions:
+        let sel = Sel::register(c"scene:willConnectToSession:connectionOptions:");
+        let types = b"v48@0:8@16@24@32\0".as_ptr();
+        class_addMethod(cls, sel, scene_will_connect as *const c_void, types);
+
+        // Add UIWindowSceneDelegate protocol
+        extern "C" { fn objc_getProtocol(name: *const u8) -> *const c_void; }
+        let protocol = objc_getProtocol(b"UIWindowSceneDelegate\0".as_ptr());
+        if !protocol.is_null() {
+            extern "C" { fn class_addProtocol(cls: *mut AnyClass, protocol: *const c_void) -> bool; }
+            class_addProtocol(cls, protocol);
+        }
+
+        objc_registerClassPair(cls);
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Minimal pollster
+// ============================================================
+
+fn pollster_block_on<F: std::future::Future>(future: F) -> F::Output {
+    use std::task::{Context, Poll, Wake, Waker};
+    use std::pin::Pin;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+    struct NoopWaker;
+    impl Wake for NoopWaker { fn wake(self: Arc<Self>) {} }
+    let waker = Waker::from(Arc::new(NoopWaker));
+    let mut cx = Context::from_waker(&waker);
+    let mut future = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(Box::new(future)) };
+    loop {
+        match future.as_mut().poll(&mut cx) {
+            Poll::Ready(result) => return result,
+            Poll::Pending => {
+                pump_run_loop(0.001);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// FFI entry points
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_init_window(_width: f64, _height: f64, title_ptr: *const u8, _fullscreen: f64) {
+    let _title = str_from_header(title_ptr);
+
+    // Set orientation mask based on requested dimensions
+    // width > height → landscape, otherwise all orientations
+    if _width > _height {
+        unsafe { ORIENTATION_MASK = 0x18; } // UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscape
+    }
+
+    // Register ObjC classes for the scene delegate (window/view creation)
+    register_metal_view_class();
+    register_view_controller_class();
+    register_scene_delegate();
+
+    // Signal the main thread that our ObjC classes are ready.
+    // UIApplicationMain (on main thread) waits for this before starting.
+    extern "C" { fn perry_ios_classes_registered(); }
+    unsafe { perry_ios_classes_registered(); }
+
+    // Debug: write marker to confirm we reached this point
+    let _ = std::fs::write("/tmp/bloom_checkpoint_1.txt", "classes registered\n");
+
+    // Get app bundle path for resolving relative asset paths
+    unsafe {
+        let bundle_cls = AnyClass::get(c"NSBundle").unwrap();
+        let main_bundle: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![bundle_cls, mainBundle];
+        let resource_path: *const AnyObject = msg_send![&*main_bundle, resourcePath];
+        if !resource_path.is_null() {
+            let utf8: *const u8 = msg_send![&*resource_path, UTF8String];
+            if !utf8.is_null() {
+                let cstr = std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(utf8 as *const i8);
+                if let Ok(s) = cstr.to_str() {
+                    BUNDLE_PATH = Some(s.to_string());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // With --features ios-game-loop, this function runs on the game thread.
+    // UIApplicationMain runs on the main thread. The runtime's scene delegate
+    // calls perry_scene_will_connect() which creates the window, view, wgpu
+    // surface, and ENGINE — all on the main thread. We just wait for it.
+    unsafe {
+        for _ in 0..1000 {
+            if ENGINE.get().is_some() { break; }
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(10));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if unsafe { ENGINE.get().is_none() } {
+        panic!("[bloom-ios] Engine not initialized after 10s. \
+                Compile with: perry compile --target ios-simulator --features ios-game-loop");
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_close_window() {
+    unsafe { UI_VIEW = None; UI_WINDOW = None; }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_window_should_close() -> f64 {
+    if engine().should_close { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_begin_drawing() {
+    // No run loop pumping needed — UIApplicationMain handles the main run loop
+    // on its own thread. The game runs on the game thread.
+
+    // Update drawable size to match actual view bounds (handles orientation changes)
+    unsafe {
+        if let Some(view) = &UI_VIEW {
+            let view_ptr = Retained::as_ptr(view);
+            let layer: Retained<AnyObject> = msg_send![&*view_ptr, layer];
+            let view_bounds: CGRect = msg_send![&*view_ptr, bounds];
+            let scale = SCREEN_SCALE;
+            let pw = (view_bounds.size.width * scale) as u32;
+            let ph = (view_bounds.size.height * scale) as u32;
+            let eng = engine();
+            if pw > 0 && ph > 0 && (pw != eng.renderer.width() || ph != eng.renderer.height()) {
+                let ds = CGSize { width: pw as f64, height: ph as f64 };
+                let _: () = msg_send![&*layer, setDrawableSize: ds];
+                eng.renderer.resize(pw, ph, pw, ph);
+            } else {
+                eng.begin_frame();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    engine().begin_frame();
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_end_drawing() {
+    engine().end_frame();
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_clear_background(r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_clear_color(r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_target_fps(fps: f64) { engine().target_fps = fps; }
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_direct_2d_mode(on: f64) { engine().direct_2d_mode = on > 0.5; }
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_delta_time() -> f64 { engine().delta_time }
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_fps() -> f64 { engine().get_fps() }
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_screen_width() -> f64 { engine().screen_width() }
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_screen_height() -> f64 { engine().screen_height() }
+
+// ============================================================
+// Keyboard input
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_key_pressed(key: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_key_pressed(key as usize) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_key_down(key: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_key_down(key as usize) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_key_released(key: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_key_released(key as usize) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Mouse input
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_mouse_x() -> f64 { engine().input.mouse_x }
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_mouse_y() -> f64 { engine().input.mouse_y }
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_mouse_button_pressed(btn: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_mouse_button_pressed(btn as usize) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_mouse_button_down(btn: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_mouse_button_down(btn as usize) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_mouse_button_released(btn: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_mouse_button_released(btn as usize) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Shape drawing
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_line(x1: f64, y1: f64, x2: f64, y2: f64, thickness: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, thickness, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_rect(x: f64, y: f64, w: f64, h: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_rect(x, y, w, h, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_rect_lines(x: f64, y: f64, w: f64, h: f64, thickness: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_rect_lines(x, y, w, h, thickness, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_circle(cx: f64, cy: f64, radius: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_circle(cx, cy, radius, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_circle_lines(cx: f64, cy: f64, radius: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_circle_lines(cx, cy, radius, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_triangle(x1: f64, y1: f64, x2: f64, y2: f64, x3: f64, y3: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_triangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_poly(cx: f64, cy: f64, sides: f64, radius: f64, rotation: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_poly(cx, cy, sides, radius, rotation, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Text
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_text(text_ptr: *const u8, x: f64, y: f64, size: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    let text = str_from_header(text_ptr);
+    let eng = engine();
+    let mut text_renderer = std::mem::replace(&mut eng.text, bloom_shared::text_renderer::TextRenderer::empty());
+    text_renderer.draw_text(&mut eng.renderer, text, x, y, size as u32, r, g, b, a);
+    eng.text = text_renderer;
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_measure_text(text_ptr: *const u8, size: f64) -> f64 {
+    let text = str_from_header(text_ptr);
+    engine().text.measure_text(text, size as u32)
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_load_font(path_ptr: *const u8, _size: f64) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    match std::fs::read(resolve_path(path)) { Ok(data) => engine().text.load_font(&data) as f64, Err(_) => 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_unload_font(font_handle: f64) {
+    engine().text.unload_font(font_handle as usize);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_text_ex(font_handle: f64, text_ptr: *const u8, x: f64, y: f64, size: f64, spacing: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    let text = str_from_header(text_ptr);
+    let eng = engine();
+    let mut text_renderer = std::mem::replace(&mut eng.text, bloom_shared::text_renderer::TextRenderer::empty());
+    text_renderer.draw_text_ex(&mut eng.renderer, font_handle as usize, text, x, y, size as u32, spacing as f32, r, g, b, a);
+    eng.text = text_renderer;
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_measure_text_ex(font_handle: f64, text_ptr: *const u8, size: f64, spacing: f64) -> f64 {
+    let text = str_from_header(text_ptr);
+    engine().text.measure_text_ex(font_handle as usize, text, size as u32, spacing as f32)
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Textures
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_load_texture(path_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    match std::fs::read(resolve_path(path)) {
+        Ok(data) => {
+            let eng = engine();
+            let renderer_ptr = &mut eng.renderer as *mut Renderer;
+            eng.textures.load_texture(unsafe { &mut *renderer_ptr }, &data)
+        }
+        Err(_) => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_unload_texture(handle: f64) {
+    let eng = engine();
+    let renderer_ptr = &mut eng.renderer as *mut Renderer;
+    eng.textures.unload_texture(handle, unsafe { &mut *renderer_ptr });
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_texture(handle: f64, x: f64, y: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    let eng = engine();
+    if let Some(tex) = eng.textures.get(handle) {
+        let idx = tex.bind_group_idx;
+        eng.renderer.draw_texture(idx, x, y, r, g, b, a);
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_texture_pro(
+    handle: f64,
+    src_x: f64, src_y: f64, src_w: f64, src_h: f64,
+    dst_x: f64, dst_y: f64, dst_w: f64, dst_h: f64,
+    origin_x: f64, origin_y: f64, rotation: f64,
+    r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64,
+) {
+    let eng = engine();
+    if let Some(tex) = eng.textures.get(handle) {
+        let idx = tex.bind_group_idx;
+        eng.renderer.draw_texture_pro(idx, src_x, src_y, src_w, src_h, dst_x, dst_y, dst_w, dst_h, origin_x, origin_y, rotation, r, g, b, a);
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_texture_rec(
+    handle: f64,
+    src_x: f64, src_y: f64, src_w: f64, src_h: f64,
+    dst_x: f64, dst_y: f64,
+    r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64,
+) {
+    let eng = engine();
+    if let Some(tex) = eng.textures.get(handle) {
+        let idx = tex.bind_group_idx;
+        eng.renderer.draw_texture_rec(idx, src_x, src_y, src_w, src_h, dst_x, dst_y, r, g, b, a);
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_texture_width(handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().textures.get(handle).map(|t| t.width as f64).unwrap_or(0.0)
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_texture_height(handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().textures.get(handle).map(|t| t.height as f64).unwrap_or(0.0)
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_gen_texture_mipmaps(_handle: f64) {}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_texture_filter(handle: f64, mode: f64) {
+    let eng = engine();
+    if let Some(tex) = eng.textures.get(handle) {
+        let bind_group_idx = tex.bind_group_idx;
+        eng.renderer.set_texture_filter(bind_group_idx, mode > 0.5);
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_load_image(path_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    match std::fs::read(resolve_path(path)) {
+        Ok(data) => engine().textures.load_image(&data),
+        Err(_) => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_image_resize(handle: f64, w: f64, h: f64) {
+    engine().textures.image_resize(handle, w as u32, h as u32);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_image_crop(handle: f64, x: f64, y: f64, w: f64, h: f64) {
+    engine().textures.image_crop(handle, x as u32, y as u32, w as u32, h as u32);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_image_flip_h(handle: f64) {
+    engine().textures.image_flip_h(handle);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_image_flip_v(handle: f64) {
+    engine().textures.image_flip_v(handle);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_load_texture_from_image(handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    let eng = engine();
+    let renderer_ptr = &mut eng.renderer as *mut Renderer;
+    eng.textures.load_texture_from_image(handle, unsafe { &mut *renderer_ptr })
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Camera 2D
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_begin_mode_2d(offset_x: f64, offset_y: f64, target_x: f64, target_y: f64, rotation: f64, zoom: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.begin_mode_2d(
+        offset_x as f32, offset_y as f32,
+        target_x as f32, target_y as f32,
+        rotation as f32, zoom as f32,
+    );
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_end_mode_2d() {
+    engine().renderer.end_mode_2d();
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// 3D Camera and Drawing
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_begin_mode_3d(
+    pos_x: f64, pos_y: f64, pos_z: f64,
+    target_x: f64, target_y: f64, target_z: f64,
+    up_x: f64, up_y: f64, up_z: f64,
+    fovy: f64, projection: f64,
+) {
+    engine().renderer.begin_mode_3d(
+        pos_x as f32, pos_y as f32, pos_z as f32,
+        target_x as f32, target_y as f32, target_z as f32,
+        up_x as f32, up_y as f32, up_z as f32,
+        fovy as f32, projection as f32,
+    );
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_end_mode_3d() {
+    engine().renderer.end_mode_3d();
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_cube(x: f64, y: f64, z: f64, w: f64, h: f64, d: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_cube(x, y, z, w, h, d, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_cube_wires(x: f64, y: f64, z: f64, w: f64, h: f64, d: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_cube_wires(x, y, z, w, h, d, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_sphere(cx: f64, cy: f64, cz: f64, radius: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_sphere(cx, cy, cz, radius, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_sphere_wires(cx: f64, cy: f64, cz: f64, radius: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_sphere_wires(cx, cy, cz, radius, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_cylinder(x: f64, y: f64, z: f64, radius_top: f64, radius_bottom: f64, height: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_cylinder(x, y, z, radius_top, radius_bottom, height, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_plane(cx: f64, cy: f64, cz: f64, w: f64, d: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_plane(cx, cy, cz, w, d, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_grid(slices: f64, spacing: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_grid(slices as i32, spacing);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_ray(origin_x: f64, origin_y: f64, origin_z: f64, dir_x: f64, dir_y: f64, dir_z: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.draw_ray(origin_x, origin_y, origin_z, dir_x, dir_y, dir_z, r, g, b, a);
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Joint test (skeletal animation debug)
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_joint_test(_joint: f64, _angle: f64) {
+    // No-op for now — skeletal animation testing
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Lighting
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_ambient_light(r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, intensity: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_ambient_light(r, g, b, intensity);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_directional_light(dx: f64, dy: f64, dz: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, intensity: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_directional_light(dx, dy, dz, r, g, b, intensity);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_procedural_sky(enabled: f64, rayleigh_density: f64, mie_density: f64, ground_albedo: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_procedural_sky(
+        enabled != 0.0,
+        rayleigh_density as f32,
+        mie_density as f32,
+        ground_albedo as f32,
+    );
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_sun_direction(dx: f64, dy: f64, dz: f64, intensity: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_sun_direction(dx as f32, dy as f32, dz as f32, intensity as f32);
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Models
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_load_model(path_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    match std::fs::read(resolve_path(path)) {
+        Ok(data) => {
+            let eng = engine();
+            let renderer_ptr = &mut eng.renderer as *mut crate::Renderer;
+            eng.models.load_model_with_textures(&data, unsafe { &mut *renderer_ptr })
+        }
+        Err(_) => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_model(handle: f64, x: f64, y: f64, z: f64, scale: f64, r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64) {
+    let eng = engine();
+    if let Some(model) = eng.models.get(handle) {
+        let tint = [(r / 255.0) as f32, (g / 255.0) as f32, (b / 255.0) as f32, (a / 255.0) as f32];
+        let position = [x as f32, y as f32, z as f32];
+        let handle_bits = handle.to_bits();
+        if eng.renderer.cache_model_if_static(handle_bits, &model.meshes) {
+            eng.renderer.draw_model_cached(handle_bits, position, scale as f32, tint);
+        } else {
+            for mesh in &model.meshes {
+                let tex_idx = mesh.texture_idx.unwrap_or(0);
+                eng.renderer.draw_model_mesh_tinted(&mesh.vertices, &mesh.indices, position, scale as f32, tint, tex_idx);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_model_rotated(
+    handle: f64, x: f64, y: f64, z: f64,
+    scale: f64, rot_y: f64,
+    color_packed_argb: f64,
+) {
+    let bits = color_packed_argb as u32;
+    let a = ((bits >> 24) & 0xff) as f32 / 255.0;
+    let r = ((bits >> 16) & 0xff) as f32 / 255.0;
+    let g = ((bits >>  8) & 0xff) as f32 / 255.0;
+    let b = ( bits        & 0xff) as f32 / 255.0;
+    let eng = engine();
+    if let Some(model) = eng.models.get(handle) {
+        let position = [x as f32, y as f32, z as f32];
+        let scale = scale as f32;
+        let tint = [r, g, b, a];
+        for mesh in &model.meshes {
+            let tex_idx = mesh.texture_idx.unwrap_or(0);
+            eng.renderer.draw_model_mesh_tinted_rotated(
+                &mesh.vertices, &mesh.indices, position, scale, tint, tex_idx, rot_y as f32,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_unload_model(handle: f64) {
+    engine().models.unload_model(handle);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_gen_mesh_cube(w: f64, h: f64, d: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().models.gen_mesh_cube(w as f32, h as f32, d as f32)
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_gen_mesh_heightmap(image_handle: f64, size_x: f64, size_y: f64, size_z: f64) -> f64 {
+    let eng = engine();
+    if let Some(img) = eng.textures.images.get(image_handle) {
+        let data = img.data.clone();
+        let w = img.width;
+        let h = img.height;
+        eng.models.gen_mesh_heightmap(&data, w, h, size_x as f32, size_y as f32, size_z as f32)
+    } else {
+        0.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_load_shader(source_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let source = str_from_header(source_ptr);
+    engine().renderer.load_custom_shader(source) as f64
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_create_mesh(vertex_ptr: *const f32, vertex_count: f64, index_ptr: *const u32, index_count: f64) -> f64 {
+    if vertex_ptr.is_null() || index_ptr.is_null() { return 0.0; }
+    let vcount = vertex_count as usize;
+    let icount = index_count as usize;
+    let vertex_data = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(vertex_ptr, vcount * 12) };
+    let index_data = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(index_ptr, icount) };
+    engine().models.create_mesh(vertex_data, index_data)
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Phase 1c — material system FFI
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_material_params(
+    handle: f64,
+    params_ptr: *const f64,
+    param_count: f64,
+) {
+    let count = param_count as usize;
+    if count > 64 {
+        eprintln!("[material] set_material_params: param_count {} > 64 (256-byte UBO cap)", count);
+        return;
+    }
+    let mut bytes = vec![0u8; count * 4];
+    if !params_ptr.is_null() && count > 0 {
+        let slots = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(params_ptr, count) };
+        for (i, &v) in slots.iter().enumerate() {
+            let f = v as f32;
+            bytes[i*4..i*4+4].copy_from_slice(&f.to_le_bytes());
+        }
+    }
+    let eng = engine();
+    if let Err(e) = eng.renderer.material_system.set_user_params(
+        &eng.renderer.device, &eng.renderer.queue,
+        handle as u32, &bytes,
+    ) {
+        eprintln!("[material] set_material_params failed: {}", e);
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_compile_material(source_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let source = str_from_header(source_ptr);
+    match engine().renderer.compile_material(source) {
+        Ok(handle) => handle as f64,
+        Err(e) => {
+            eprintln!("[material] compile failed: {:?}", e);
+            0.0
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_compile_material_refractive(source_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    use bloom_shared::renderer::material_pipeline::{FragmentProfile, Bucket};
+    let source = str_from_header(source_ptr);
+    match engine().renderer.compile_material_with_options(
+        source, FragmentProfile::Translucent, Bucket::Refractive, true, false,
+    ) {
+        Ok(handle) => handle as f64,
+        Err(e) => { eprintln!("[refractive] compile failed: {:?}", e); 0.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_compile_material_transparent(source_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    use bloom_shared::renderer::material_pipeline::{FragmentProfile, Bucket};
+    let source = str_from_header(source_ptr);
+    match engine().renderer.compile_material_with_options(
+        source, FragmentProfile::Translucent, Bucket::Transparent, false, false,
+    ) {
+        Ok(handle) => handle as f64,
+        Err(e) => { eprintln!("[material] compile failed: {:?}", e); 0.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_compile_material_additive(source_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    use bloom_shared::renderer::material_pipeline::{FragmentProfile, Bucket};
+    let source = str_from_header(source_ptr);
+    match engine().renderer.compile_material_with_options(
+        source, FragmentProfile::Translucent, Bucket::Additive, false, false,
+    ) {
+        Ok(handle) => handle as f64,
+        Err(e) => { eprintln!("[material] compile failed: {:?}", e); 0.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_compile_material_cutout(source_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    use bloom_shared::renderer::material_pipeline::{FragmentProfile, Bucket};
+    let source = str_from_header(source_ptr);
+    match engine().renderer.compile_material_with_options(
+        source, FragmentProfile::Opaque, Bucket::Cutout, false, false,
+    ) {
+        Ok(handle) => handle as f64,
+        Err(e) => { eprintln!("[material] compile failed: {:?}", e); 0.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_compile_material_instanced(source_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let source = str_from_header(source_ptr);
+    match engine().renderer.compile_material_instanced(source) {
+        Ok(handle) => handle as f64,
+        Err(e) => { eprintln!("[material] instanced compile failed: {:?}", e); 0.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_create_instance_buffer(
+    data_ptr: *const f64, instance_count: f64,
+) -> f64 {
+    if data_ptr.is_null() || instance_count <= 0.0 { return 0.0; }
+    let count = instance_count as u32;
+    let slot_count = (count as usize) * 9;
+    let raw_f64 = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(data_ptr, slot_count) };
+    let raw_f32: Vec<f32> = raw_f64.iter().map(|&v| v as f32).collect();
+    engine().renderer.create_instance_buffer(&raw_f32, count) as f64
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_submit_material_draw_instanced(
+    material: f64, mesh_handle: f64, mesh_idx: f64,
+    instance_buffer: f64, instance_count: f64,
+) {
+    let eng = engine();
+    let handle_bits = mesh_handle.to_bits();
+    if let Some(model) = eng.models.get(mesh_handle) {
+        eng.renderer.cache_model_if_static(handle_bits, &model.meshes);
+    }
+    eng.renderer.submit_material_draw_instanced(
+        material as u32,
+        handle_bits,
+        mesh_idx as usize,
+        instance_buffer as u32,
+        instance_count as u32,
+    );
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_destroy_instance_buffer(handle: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.destroy_instance_buffer(handle as u32);
+}
+
+/// EN-011 — create a planar reflection probe. See macOS lib.rs for the
+/// full doc comment; this entry-point exists on every native platform
+/// so games can target the same FFI surface across iOS/tvOS/Windows/
+/// Linux/Android.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_create_planar_reflection(
+    plane_y: f64, nx: f64, ny: f64, nz: f64, resolution: f64,
+) -> f64 {
+    engine().renderer.create_planar_reflection(
+        plane_y as f32,
+        [nx as f32, ny as f32, nz as f32],
+        resolution as u32,
+    ) as f64
+}
+
+/// EN-011 — link a material to a planar reflection probe. `probe = 0`
+/// reverts the binding to the engine's default 1×1 black texture.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_material_reflection_probe(
+    material: f64, probe: f64,
+) {
+    engine().renderer.set_material_reflection_probe(material as u32, probe as u32);
+}
+
+/// EN-014 — create a texture array from concatenated RGBA8 byte data.
+/// See macOS lib.rs for the full doc comment; this entry-point exists
+/// on every native platform so a TS game targets the same FFI across
+/// iOS / tvOS / Windows / Linux / Android.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_create_texture_array(
+    data_ptr:    *const u8,
+    data_len:    f64,
+    width:       f64,
+    height:      f64,
+    layer_count: f64,
+) -> f64 {
+    // EN-014 V2 — V1 forwards to _ex with default sRGB / no mips.
+    bloom_create_texture_array_ex(data_ptr, data_len, width, height, layer_count, 0.0, 1.0)
+}
+
+/// EN-014 V2 — explicit format + mip control. See macOS lib.rs for the
+/// reference implementation; this entry-point exists on every native
+/// platform so a TS game targets the same FFI surface.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_create_texture_array_ex(
+    data_ptr:    *const u8,
+    data_len:    f64,
+    width:       f64,
+    height:      f64,
+    layer_count: f64,
+    format:      f64,
+    mip_levels:  f64,
+) -> f64 {
+    if data_ptr.is_null() || data_len <= 0.0 { return 0.0; }
+    let w = width as u32;
+    let h = height as u32;
+    if w == 0 || h == 0 { return 0.0; }
+    let layers_count = (layer_count as u32)
+        .min(bloom_shared::renderer::material_system::MAX_TEXTURE_ARRAY_LAYERS);
+    if layers_count == 0 { return 0.0; }
+    let layer_size = (w as usize) * (h as usize) * 4;
+    let total_bytes = (data_len as usize)
+        .min(layers_count as usize * layer_size);
+    let bytes = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(data_ptr, total_bytes) };
+    let mut layers: Vec<(&[u8], u32, u32)> = Vec::with_capacity(layers_count as usize);
+    for i in 0..(layers_count as usize) {
+        let start = i * layer_size;
+        let end   = start + layer_size;
+        if end > bytes.len() { break; }
+        layers.push((&bytes[start..end], w, h));
+    }
+    engine().renderer.create_texture_array_ex(&layers, format as u32, mip_levels as u32) as f64
+}
+
+/// EN-014 — link a texture-array handle to a material at one of three
+/// slots: 0 = albedo (binding 14), 1 = normal (binding 15),
+/// 2 = MR (binding 16). Pass `array = 0` to revert to the stub.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_material_texture_array(
+    material: f64, slot: f64, array: f64,
+) {
+    engine().renderer.set_material_texture_array(
+        material as u32, slot as u32, array as u32,
+    );
+}
+
+/// EN-012 — set the shading model for a material (0=default lit,
+/// 1=foliage, 2=subsurface V2 stub).
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_material_shading_model(
+    material: f64, model: f64,
+) {
+    engine().renderer.set_material_shading_model(material as u32, model as u32);
+}
+
+/// EN-012 — set the foliage shading parameters for a material.
+/// Only takes effect when shading_model == 1 (foliage).
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_material_foliage(
+    material: f64,
+    trans_r: f64, trans_g: f64, trans_b: f64,
+    trans_amount: f64, wrap_factor: f64,
+) {
+    engine().renderer.set_material_foliage(
+        material as u32,
+        [trans_r as f32, trans_g as f32, trans_b as f32],
+        trans_amount as f32, wrap_factor as f32,
+    );
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_compile_material_from_file(
+    path_ptr: *const u8,
+    bucket_kind: f64,
+) -> f64 {
+    use bloom_shared::renderer::material_pipeline::{FragmentProfile, Bucket};
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    let (profile, bucket, reads_scene) = match bucket_kind as u32 {
+        0 => (FragmentProfile::Opaque,      Bucket::Opaque,      false),
+        1 => (FragmentProfile::Translucent, Bucket::Transparent, false),
+        2 => (FragmentProfile::Translucent, Bucket::Refractive,  true),
+        3 => (FragmentProfile::Translucent, Bucket::Additive,    false),
+        4 => (FragmentProfile::Opaque,      Bucket::Cutout,      false),
+        _ => {
+            eprintln!("[material] from_file: unknown bucket_kind {bucket_kind}");
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+    };
+    match engine().renderer.compile_material_from_file(
+        std::path::Path::new(path), profile, bucket, reads_scene,
+    ) {
+        Ok(handle) => handle as f64,
+        Err(e) => { eprintln!("[material] from_file failed: {e}"); 0.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+/// EN-017 — compile + install a fullscreen post-pass material.
+/// See `bloom-macos::bloom_set_post_pass` for the full ABI.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_post_pass(source_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let source = str_from_header(source_ptr);
+    match engine().renderer.set_post_pass(source) {
+        Ok(()) => 1.0,
+        Err(e) => { eprintln!("[post_pass] compile failed: {:?}", e); 0.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+/// EN-017 — uninstall the active post-pass.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_clear_post_pass() {
+    engine().renderer.clear_post_pass();
+}
+
+/// EN-017 V2 — append a post-pass to the stack.
+/// See `bloom-macos::bloom_add_post_pass` for the full ABI.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_add_post_pass(source_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let source = str_from_header(source_ptr);
+    match engine().renderer.add_post_pass(source) {
+        Ok(h) => h as f64,
+        Err(e) => { eprintln!("[post_pass] compile failed: {:?}", e); 0.0 }
+    }
+}
+
+/// EN-017 V2 — wipe the entire post-pass stack.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_clear_all_post_passes() {
+    engine().renderer.clear_all_post_passes();
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_draw_material(
+    material: f64,
+    mesh_handle: f64,
+    mesh_idx: f64,
+    x: f64, y: f64, z: f64, scale: f64,
+    r: f64, g: f64, b: f64, a: f64,
+) {
+    let eng = engine();
+    let handle_bits = mesh_handle.to_bits();
+    if let Some(model) = eng.models.get(mesh_handle) {
+        eng.renderer.cache_model_if_static(handle_bits, &model.meshes);
+    }
+    eng.renderer.submit_material_draw(
+        material as u32,
+        handle_bits,
+        mesh_idx as usize,
+        [x as f32, y as f32, z as f32],
+        scale as f32,
+        [(r / 255.0) as f32, (g / 255.0) as f32, (b / 255.0) as f32, (a / 255.0) as f32],
+    );
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_load_model_animation(path_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    match std::fs::read(resolve_path(path)) {
+        Ok(data) => engine().models.load_model_animation(&data),
+        Err(_) => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_update_model_animation(handle: f64, anim_index: f64, time: f64, scale: f64, px: f64, py: f64, pz: f64, rot_sin: f64, rot_cos: f64) {
+    let eng = engine();
+    eng.models.update_model_animation(handle, anim_index as usize, time as f32);
+    if let Some(anim) = eng.models.get_animation(handle) {
+        if !anim.joint_matrices.is_empty() {
+            eng.renderer.set_joint_matrices_scaled(&anim.joint_matrices, scale as f32, [px as f32, py as f32, pz as f32], rot_sin as f32, rot_cos as f32);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_model_mesh_count(handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    match engine().models.get(handle) {
+        Some(model) => model.meshes.len() as f64,
+        None => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_model_material_count(handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    match engine().models.get(handle) {
+        Some(model) => model.meshes.len() as f64,
+        None => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// CoreAudio (iOS) — RemoteIO Audio Unit
+// ============================================================
+
+type AudioUnit = *mut c_void;
+type OSStatus = i32;
+type AudioUnitPropertyID = u32;
+type AudioUnitScope = u32;
+type AudioUnitElement = u32;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct AudioComponentDescription {
+    component_type: u32,
+    component_sub_type: u32,
+    component_manufacturer: u32,
+    component_flags: u32,
+    component_flags_mask: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct AudioStreamBasicDescription {
+    sample_rate: f64,
+    format_id: u32,
+    format_flags: u32,
+    bytes_per_packet: u32,
+    frames_per_packet: u32,
+    bytes_per_frame: u32,
+    channels_per_frame: u32,
+    bits_per_channel: u32,
+    reserved: u32,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct AudioBufferList {
+    number_buffers: u32,
+    buffers: [AudioBufferData; 1],
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct AudioBufferData {
+    number_channels: u32,
+    data_byte_size: u32,
+    data: *mut c_void,
+}
+
+type AURenderCallback = unsafe extern "C" fn(
+    in_ref_con: *mut c_void,
+    io_action_flags: *mut u32,
+    in_time_stamp: *const c_void,
+    in_bus_number: u32,
+    in_number_frames: u32,
+    io_data: *mut AudioBufferList,
+) -> OSStatus;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct AURenderCallbackStruct {
+    input_proc: AURenderCallback,
+    input_proc_ref_con: *mut c_void,
+}
+
+type AudioComponent = *mut c_void;
+
+#[link(name = "AudioToolbox", kind = "framework")]
+extern "C" {
+    fn AudioComponentFindNext(component: AudioComponent, desc: *const AudioComponentDescription) -> AudioComponent;
+    fn AudioComponentInstanceNew(component: AudioComponent, out: *mut AudioUnit) -> OSStatus;
+    fn AudioUnitSetProperty(
+        unit: AudioUnit,
+        property_id: AudioUnitPropertyID,
+        scope: AudioUnitScope,
+        element: AudioUnitElement,
+        data: *const c_void,
+        data_size: u32,
+    ) -> OSStatus;
+    fn AudioUnitInitialize(unit: AudioUnit) -> OSStatus;
+    fn AudioOutputUnitStart(unit: AudioUnit) -> OSStatus;
+    fn AudioOutputUnitStop(unit: AudioUnit) -> OSStatus;
+    fn AudioComponentInstanceDispose(unit: AudioUnit) -> OSStatus;
+}
+
+const K_AUDIO_UNIT_TYPE_OUTPUT: u32 = u32::from_be_bytes(*b"auou");
+const K_AUDIO_UNIT_SUB_TYPE_REMOTE_IO: u32 = u32::from_be_bytes(*b"rioc");
+const K_AUDIO_UNIT_MANUFACTURER_APPLE: u32 = u32::from_be_bytes(*b"appl");
+
+const K_AUDIO_UNIT_PROPERTY_STREAM_FORMAT: AudioUnitPropertyID = 8;
+const K_AUDIO_UNIT_PROPERTY_SET_RENDER_CALLBACK: AudioUnitPropertyID = 23;
+const K_AUDIO_UNIT_SCOPE_INPUT: AudioUnitScope = 1;
+
+const K_AUDIO_FORMAT_LINEAR_PCM: u32 = u32::from_be_bytes(*b"lpcm");
+const K_AUDIO_FORMAT_FLAG_IS_FLOAT: u32 = 1;
+const K_AUDIO_FORMAT_FLAG_IS_PACKED: u32 = 8;
+
+struct AudioUnitInstance { unit: AudioUnit }
+unsafe impl Send for AudioUnitInstance {}
+unsafe impl Sync for AudioUnitInstance {}
+
+static mut AUDIO_UNIT: Option<AudioUnitInstance> = None;
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn audio_render_callback(
+    _in_ref_con: *mut c_void,
+    _io_action_flags: *mut u32,
+    _in_time_stamp: *const c_void,
+    _in_bus_number: u32,
+    in_number_frames: u32,
+    io_data: *mut AudioBufferList,
+) -> OSStatus {
+    let buffer_list = &mut *io_data;
+    let buffer = &mut buffer_list.buffers[0];
+    let num_samples = in_number_frames as usize * 2;
+    let output = std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(buffer.data as *mut f32, num_samples);
+    ENGINE.get_mut().map(|eng| { eng.audio.mix_output(output); });
+    0
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_init_audio() {
+    unsafe {
+        let desc = AudioComponentDescription {
+            component_type: K_AUDIO_UNIT_TYPE_OUTPUT,
+            component_sub_type: K_AUDIO_UNIT_SUB_TYPE_REMOTE_IO,
+            component_manufacturer: K_AUDIO_UNIT_MANUFACTURER_APPLE,
+            component_flags: 0,
+            component_flags_mask: 0,
+        };
+
+        let component = AudioComponentFindNext(std::ptr::null_mut(), &desc);
+        if component.is_null() { return; }
+
+        let mut unit: AudioUnit = std::ptr::null_mut();
+        if AudioComponentInstanceNew(component, &mut unit) != 0 { return; }
+
+        let stream_desc = AudioStreamBasicDescription {
+            sample_rate: 44100.0,
+            format_id: K_AUDIO_FORMAT_LINEAR_PCM,
+            format_flags: K_AUDIO_FORMAT_FLAG_IS_FLOAT | K_AUDIO_FORMAT_FLAG_IS_PACKED,
+            bytes_per_packet: 8,
+            frames_per_packet: 1,
+            bytes_per_frame: 8,
+            channels_per_frame: 2,
+            bits_per_channel: 32,
+            reserved: 0,
+        };
+
+        AudioUnitSetProperty(
+            unit, K_AUDIO_UNIT_PROPERTY_STREAM_FORMAT, K_AUDIO_UNIT_SCOPE_INPUT, 0,
+            &stream_desc as *const _ as *const c_void,
+            std::mem::size_of::<AudioStreamBasicDescription>() as u32,
+        );
+
+        let callback_struct = AURenderCallbackStruct {
+            input_proc: audio_render_callback,
+            input_proc_ref_con: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+        };
+
+        AudioUnitSetProperty(
+            unit, K_AUDIO_UNIT_PROPERTY_SET_RENDER_CALLBACK, K_AUDIO_UNIT_SCOPE_INPUT, 0,
+            &callback_struct as *const _ as *const c_void,
+            std::mem::size_of::<AURenderCallbackStruct>() as u32,
+        );
+
+        AudioUnitInitialize(unit);
+        AudioOutputUnitStart(unit);
+        AUDIO_UNIT = Some(AudioUnitInstance { unit });
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_close_audio() {
+    unsafe {
+        if let Some(au) = AUDIO_UNIT.take() {
+            AudioOutputUnitStop(au.unit);
+            AudioComponentInstanceDispose(au.unit);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_load_sound(path_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    match std::fs::read(resolve_path(path)) {
+        Ok(data) => {
+            if let Some(s) = parse_wav(&data) {
+                engine().audio.load_sound(s)
+            } else if let Some(s) = parse_ogg(&data) {
+                engine().audio.load_sound(s)
+            } else if let Some(s) = parse_mp3(&data) {
+                engine().audio.load_sound(s)
+            } else {
+                0.0
+            }
+        }
+        Err(_) => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_play_sound(handle: f64) { engine().audio.play_sound(handle); }
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_stop_sound(handle: f64) { engine().audio.stop_sound(handle); }
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_sound_volume(handle: f64, volume: f64) { engine().audio.set_sound_volume(handle, volume as f32); }
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_master_volume(volume: f64) { engine().audio.master_volume = volume as f32; }
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_play_sound_3d(handle: f64, x: f64, y: f64, z: f64) {
+    engine().audio.play_sound_3d(handle, x as f32, y as f32, z as f32);
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_listener_position(x: f64, y: f64, z: f64, fx: f64, fy: f64, fz: f64) {
+    engine().audio.set_listener_position(x as f32, y as f32, z as f32, fx as f32, fy as f32, fz as f32);
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Music
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_load_music(path_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    match std::fs::read(resolve_path(path)) {
+        Ok(data) => {
+            if let Some(s) = parse_ogg(&data) {
+                engine().audio.load_music(s)
+            } else if let Some(s) = parse_wav(&data) {
+                engine().audio.load_music(s)
+            } else if let Some(s) = parse_mp3(&data) {
+                engine().audio.load_music(s)
+            } else {
+                0.0
+            }
+        }
+        Err(_) => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_play_music(handle: f64) { engine().audio.play_music(handle); }
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_stop_music(handle: f64) { engine().audio.stop_music(handle); }
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_update_music_stream(handle: f64) { engine().audio.update_music_stream(handle); }
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_music_volume(handle: f64, volume: f64) { engine().audio.set_music_volume(handle, volume as f32); }
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_music_playing(handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().audio.is_music_playing(handle) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Gamepad input
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_gamepad_available(_gamepad: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_gamepad_available() { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_gamepad_axis(_gamepad: f64, axis: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().input.get_gamepad_axis(axis as usize) as f64
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_gamepad_button_pressed(_gamepad: f64, button: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_gamepad_button_pressed(button as usize) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_gamepad_button_down(_gamepad: f64, button: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_gamepad_button_down(button as usize) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_gamepad_button_released(_gamepad: f64, button: f64) -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_gamepad_button_released(button as usize) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_gamepad_axis_count(_gamepad: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().input.get_gamepad_axis_count() as f64
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Touch input
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_touch_x(index: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().input.get_touch_x(index as usize)
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_touch_y(index: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().input.get_touch_y(index as usize)
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_touch_count() -> f64 {
+    engine().input.get_touch_count() as f64
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Utility
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_toggle_fullscreen() {}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_window_title(_title_ptr: *const u8) {}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_window_icon(_path_ptr: *const u8) {}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_disable_cursor() {
+    engine().input.cursor_disabled = true;
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_enable_cursor() {
+    engine().input.cursor_disabled = false;
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_mouse_delta_x() -> f64 {
+    engine().input.mouse_delta_x
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_mouse_delta_y() -> f64 {
+    engine().input.mouse_delta_y
+}
+
+// Accumulated scroll wheel delta since the last call. Reading consumes the
+// value (returns 0 on the next call until the user scrolls again). Used by
+// the editor's orbit camera and any scrollable UI panel.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_mouse_wheel() -> f64 {
+    engine().input.consume_mouse_wheel()
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_char_pressed() -> f64 {
+    engine().input.pop_char() as f64
+}
+
+// Q2: Cursor shape
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_cursor_shape(shape: f64) {
+    engine().input.cursor_shape = shape as u32;
+}
+
+// E4: Clipboard (stub on this platform)
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_clipboard_text(_text_ptr: *const u8) {}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_clipboard_text() -> *const u8 { std::ptr::null() }
+
+// E5b: File dialogs (stub on this platform)
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_open_file_dialog(_filter_ptr: *const u8, _title_ptr: *const u8) -> *const u8 { std::ptr::null() }
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_save_file_dialog(_default_name_ptr: *const u8, _title_ptr: *const u8) -> *const u8 { std::ptr::null() }
+
+// Model bounds accessors. Return the axis-aligned bounding box of a loaded
+// model in model-local coordinates. Editors use these to size gizmos, auto-
+// frame the camera on selection, and snap placed entities onto terrain.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_model_bounds_min_x(model_handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().models.get_bounds(model_handle).0[0] as f64
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_model_bounds_min_y(model_handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().models.get_bounds(model_handle).0[1] as f64
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_model_bounds_min_z(model_handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().models.get_bounds(model_handle).0[2] as f64
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_model_bounds_max_x(model_handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().models.get_bounds(model_handle).1[0] as f64
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_model_bounds_max_y(model_handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().models.get_bounds(model_handle).1[1] as f64
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_model_bounds_max_z(model_handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    engine().models.get_bounds(model_handle).1[2] as f64
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_write_file(path_ptr: *const u8, data_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    let data = str_from_header(data_ptr);
+    match std::fs::write(path, data.as_bytes()) {
+        Ok(_) => 1.0,
+        Err(_) => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_file_exists(path_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    let resolved = resolve_path(path);
+    if std::path::Path::new(&resolved).exists() { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_read_file(path_ptr: *const u8) -> *const u8 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    match std::fs::read_to_string(resolve_path(path)) {
+        Ok(contents) => {
+            // Return Perry-format string: StringHeader (length u32 + capacity u32 + refcount u32) followed by UTF-8 data
+            let bytes = contents.as_bytes();
+            let len = bytes.len();
+            let total = 12 + len; // 12 bytes header (3 × u32) + data
+            let layout = std::alloc::Layout::from_size_align(total, 4).unwrap();
+            unsafe {
+                let ptr = std::alloc::alloc(layout);
+                if ptr.is_null() { return std::ptr::null(); }
+                *(ptr as *mut u32) = len as u32;           // length
+                *(ptr.add(4) as *mut u32) = len as u32;    // capacity
+                *(ptr.add(8) as *mut u32) = 1;             // refcount (unique)
+                std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(bytes.as_ptr(), ptr.add(12), len);
+                ptr
+            }
+        }
+        Err(_) => std::ptr::null(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_time() -> f64 {
+    engine().get_time()
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Input injection + platform detection
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_inject_key_down(key: f64) {
+    engine().input.set_key_down(key as usize);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_inject_key_up(key: f64) {
+    engine().input.set_key_up(key as usize);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_inject_gamepad_axis(axis: f64, value: f64) {
+    engine().input.set_gamepad_axis(axis as usize, value as f32);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_inject_gamepad_button_down(button: f64) {
+    engine().input.set_gamepad_button_down(button as usize);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_inject_gamepad_button_up(button: f64) {
+    engine().input.set_gamepad_button_up(button as usize);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_platform() -> f64 { 2.0 }
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_is_any_input_pressed() -> f64 {
+    if engine().input.is_any_input_pressed() { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_crown_rotation() -> f64 {
+    engine().input.consume_crown_rotation()
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Thread-safe staging (for async asset loading via Perry threads)
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_stage_texture(path_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    match std::fs::read(resolve_path(path)) {
+        Ok(data) => bloom_shared::staging::decode_and_stage_texture(&data),
+        Err(_) => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_stage_model(path_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    let data = match std::fs::read(resolve_path(path)) {
+        Ok(d) => d,
+        Err(_) => return 0.0,
+    };
+    match bloom_shared::models::load_gltf_staged(&data) {
+        Some(staged) => bloom_shared::staging::stage_model(staged),
+        None => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_stage_sound(path_ptr: *const u8) -> f64 {
+    let path = str_from_header(path_ptr);
+    let data = match std::fs::read(resolve_path(path)) {
+        Ok(d) => d,
+        Err(_) => return 0.0,
+    };
+    let sound_data = if path.ends_with(".ogg") || path.ends_with(".OGG") {
+        parse_ogg(&data)
+    } else if path.ends_with(".mp3") || path.ends_with(".MP3") {
+        parse_mp3(&data)
+    } else {
+        parse_wav(&data)
+    };
+    match sound_data {
+        Some(sd) => bloom_shared::staging::stage_sound(sd),
+        None => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_commit_texture(staging_handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    let staged = match bloom_shared::staging::take_texture(staging_handle) {
+        Some(s) => s,
+        None => return 0.0,
+    };
+    let eng = engine();
+    let bind_group_idx = eng.renderer.register_texture(staged.width, staged.height, &staged.data);
+    eng.textures.textures.alloc(bloom_shared::textures::TextureData {
+        bind_group_idx, width: staged.width, height: staged.height,
+    })
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_commit_model(staging_handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    let staged = match bloom_shared::staging::take_model(staging_handle) {
+        Some(s) => s,
+        None => return 0.0,
+    };
+    let eng = engine();
+    let mut tex_map: Vec<u32> = Vec::with_capacity(staged.textures.len());
+    for tex in &staged.textures {
+        tex_map.push(eng.renderer.register_texture(tex.width, tex.height, &tex.data));
+    }
+    let mut model = staged.model;
+    for mesh in &mut model.meshes {
+        if let Some(ref mut idx) = mesh.texture_idx {
+            let staged_idx = *idx as usize;
+            if staged_idx > 0 && staged_idx <= tex_map.len() {
+                *idx = tex_map[staged_idx - 1];
+            } else {
+                mesh.texture_idx = None;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    eng.models.models.alloc(model)
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_commit_sound(staging_handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    match bloom_shared::staging::take_sound(staging_handle) {
+        Some(sd) => engine().audio.load_sound(sd),
+        None => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_commit_music(staging_handle: f64) -> f64 {
+    match bloom_shared::staging::take_sound(staging_handle) {
+        Some(sd) => engine().audio.load_music(sd),
+        None => 0.0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_run_game(_callback: extern "C" fn(f64)) {
+    // No-op on native. The TypeScript runGame() helper provides the while loop.
+}
+
+
+// Q6: Multi-hit picking
+static mut LAST_PICK_ALL: Vec<bloom_shared::picking::PickResult> = Vec::new();
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_scene_pick_all(screen_x: f64, screen_y: f64, max_results: f64) -> f64 {
+    let eng = engine();
+    let inv_vp = eng.renderer.inverse_vp_matrix();
+    let cam_pos = eng.renderer.camera_pos();
+    let w = eng.renderer.width() as f32;
+    let h = eng.renderer.height() as f32;
+    let (origin, direction) = bloom_shared::picking::screen_to_ray(
+        screen_x as f32, screen_y as f32, w, h, &inv_vp, &cam_pos,
+    );
+    let results = bloom_shared::picking::raycast_scene_all(&eng.scene, &origin, &direction, max_results as usize);
+    let count = results.len();
+    unsafe { LAST_PICK_ALL = results; }
+    count as f64
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_pick_all_handle(index: f64) -> f64 {
+    let i = index as usize;
+    unsafe { LAST_PICK_ALL.get(i).map(|r| r.handle).unwrap_or(0.0) }
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_pick_all_distance(index: f64) -> f64 {
+    let i = index as usize;
+    unsafe { LAST_PICK_ALL.get(i).map(|r| r.distance as f64).unwrap_or(0.0) }
+}
+// ============================================================
+
+// ============================================================
+// Render quality toggles (individual + preset) — ticket 011
+// Mirror of the macOS FFI surface added in commit 95da6af; previously
+// macOS-only, now exposed on every native platform so non-macOS builds
+// don't fail at runtime (missing symbol) when the TS API invokes them.
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_quality_preset(preset: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.apply_quality_preset(preset as u32);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_shadows_enabled(on: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_shadows_enabled(on != 0.0);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_shadows_always_fresh(on: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_shadows_always_fresh(on != 0.0);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_bloom_enabled(on: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_bloom_enabled(on != 0.0);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_ssao_enabled(on: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_ssao_enabled(on != 0.0);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_ssao_intensity(value: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_ssao_strength(value as f32);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_ssao_radius(world_radius: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_ssao_radius(world_radius as f32);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_wind(dir_x: f64, dir_z: f64, amplitude: f64, frequency: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_wind(dir_x as f32, dir_z as f32, amplitude as f32, frequency as f32);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_ssr_enabled(on: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_ssr_enabled(on != 0.0);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_motion_blur_enabled(on: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_motion_blur_enabled(on != 0.0);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_sss_enabled(on: f64) {
+    engine().renderer.set_sss_enabled(on != 0.0);
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Profiler — CPU phase timings (always available) + GPU timestamps
+// (when the adapter supports TIMESTAMP_QUERY). Disabled by default.
+// ============================================================
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_set_profiler_enabled(on: f64) {
+    engine().profiler.set_enabled(on != 0.0);
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_profiler_frame_cpu_us() -> f64 {
+    engine().profiler.avg_frame_cpu_us()
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_get_profiler_frame_gpu_us() -> f64 {
+    engine().profiler.avg_frame_gpu_us()
+}
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn bloom_print_profiler_summary() {
+    print!("{}", engine().profiler.summary());
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Physics (Jolt 5.x) — FFI surface generated from shared macro
+// ============================================================
+
+#[cfg(feature = "jolt")]
+#[inline]
+fn bloom_jolt_ffi_physics() -> &'static mut bloom_shared::physics_jolt::JoltPhysics {
+    &mut engine().jolt
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "jolt")]
+bloom_shared::define_physics_ffi!();