@needle-tools/three 0.145.0

package/examples/js/loaders/MMDLoader.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1924 @@
+( function () {
+
+	/**
+ * Dependencies
+ *  - mmd-parser https://github.com/takahirox/mmd-parser
+ *  - THREE.TGALoader
+ *  - OutlineEffect
+ *
+ * MMDLoader creates Three.js Objects from MMD resources as
+ * PMD, PMX, VMD, and VPD files.
+ *
+ * PMD/PMX is a model data format, VMD is a motion data format
+ * VPD is a posing data format used in MMD(Miku Miku Dance).
+ *
+ * MMD official site
+ *  - https://sites.google.com/view/evpvp/
+ *
+ * PMD, VMD format (in Japanese)
+ *  - http://blog.goo.ne.jp/torisu_tetosuki/e/209ad341d3ece2b1b4df24abf619d6e4
+ *
+ * PMX format
+ *  - https://gist.github.com/felixjones/f8a06bd48f9da9a4539f
+ *
+ * TODO
+ *  - light motion in vmd support.
+ *  - SDEF support.
+ *  - uv/material/bone morphing support.
+ *  - more precise grant skinning support.
+ *  - shadow support.
+ */
+
+	/**
+ * @param {THREE.LoadingManager} manager
+ */
+
+	class MMDLoader extends THREE.Loader {
+
+		constructor( manager ) {
+
+			super( manager );
+			this.loader = new THREE.FileLoader( this.manager );
+			this.parser = null; // lazy generation
+
+			this.meshBuilder = new MeshBuilder( this.manager );
+			this.animationBuilder = new AnimationBuilder();
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * @param {string} animationPath
+   * @return {MMDLoader}
+   */
+
+
+		setAnimationPath( animationPath ) {
+
+			this.animationPath = animationPath;
+			return this;
+
+		} // Load MMD assets as Three.js Object
+
+		/**
+   * Loads Model file (.pmd or .pmx) as a THREE.SkinnedMesh.
+   *
+   * @param {string} url - url to Model(.pmd or .pmx) file
+   * @param {function} onLoad
+   * @param {function} onProgress
+   * @param {function} onError
+   */
+
+
+		load( url, onLoad, onProgress, onError ) {
+
+			const builder = this.meshBuilder.setCrossOrigin( this.crossOrigin ); // resource path
+
+			let resourcePath;
+
+			if ( this.resourcePath !== '' ) {
+
+				resourcePath = this.resourcePath;
+
+			} else if ( this.path !== '' ) {
+
+				resourcePath = this.path;
+
+			} else {
+
+				resourcePath = THREE.LoaderUtils.extractUrlBase( url );
+
+			}
+
+			const modelExtension = this._extractExtension( url ).toLowerCase(); // Should I detect by seeing header?
+
+
+			if ( modelExtension !== 'pmd' && modelExtension !== 'pmx' ) {
+
+				if ( onError ) onError( new Error( 'THREE.MMDLoader: Unknown model file extension .' + modelExtension + '.' ) );
+				return;
+
+			}
+
+			this[ modelExtension === 'pmd' ? 'loadPMD' : 'loadPMX' ]( url, function ( data ) {
+
+				onLoad( builder.build( data, resourcePath, onProgress, onError ) );
+
+			}, onProgress, onError );
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * Loads Motion file(s) (.vmd) as a THREE.AnimationClip.
+   * If two or more files are specified, they'll be merged.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Array<string>} url - url(s) to animation(.vmd) file(s)
+   * @param {SkinnedMesh|THREE.Camera} object - tracks will be fitting to this object
+   * @param {function} onLoad
+   * @param {function} onProgress
+   * @param {function} onError
+   */
+
+
+		loadAnimation( url, object, onLoad, onProgress, onError ) {
+
+			const builder = this.animationBuilder;
+			this.loadVMD( url, function ( vmd ) {
+
+				onLoad( object.isCamera ? builder.buildCameraAnimation( vmd ) : builder.build( vmd, object ) );
+
+			}, onProgress, onError );
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * Loads mode file and motion file(s) as an object containing
+   * a THREE.SkinnedMesh and a THREE.AnimationClip.
+   * Tracks of THREE.AnimationClip are fitting to the model.
+   *
+   * @param {string} modelUrl - url to Model(.pmd or .pmx) file
+   * @param {string|Array{string}} vmdUrl - url(s) to animation(.vmd) file
+   * @param {function} onLoad
+   * @param {function} onProgress
+   * @param {function} onError
+   */
+
+
+		loadWithAnimation( modelUrl, vmdUrl, onLoad, onProgress, onError ) {
+
+			const scope = this;
+			this.load( modelUrl, function ( mesh ) {
+
+				scope.loadAnimation( vmdUrl, mesh, function ( animation ) {
+
+					onLoad( {
+						mesh: mesh,
+						animation: animation
+					} );
+
+				}, onProgress, onError );
+
+			}, onProgress, onError );
+
+		} // Load MMD assets as Object data parsed by MMDParser
+
+		/**
+   * Loads .pmd file as an Object.
+   *
+   * @param {string} url - url to .pmd file
+   * @param {function} onLoad
+   * @param {function} onProgress
+   * @param {function} onError
+   */
+
+
+		loadPMD( url, onLoad, onProgress, onError ) {
+
+			const parser = this._getParser();
+
+			this.loader.setMimeType( undefined ).setPath( this.path ).setResponseType( 'arraybuffer' ).setRequestHeader( this.requestHeader ).setWithCredentials( this.withCredentials ).load( url, function ( buffer ) {
+
+				onLoad( parser.parsePmd( buffer, true ) );
+
+			}, onProgress, onError );
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * Loads .pmx file as an Object.
+   *
+   * @param {string} url - url to .pmx file
+   * @param {function} onLoad
+   * @param {function} onProgress
+   * @param {function} onError
+   */
+
+
+		loadPMX( url, onLoad, onProgress, onError ) {
+
+			const parser = this._getParser();
+
+			this.loader.setMimeType( undefined ).setPath( this.path ).setResponseType( 'arraybuffer' ).setRequestHeader( this.requestHeader ).setWithCredentials( this.withCredentials ).load( url, function ( buffer ) {
+
+				onLoad( parser.parsePmx( buffer, true ) );
+
+			}, onProgress, onError );
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * Loads .vmd file as an Object. If two or more files are specified
+   * they'll be merged.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Array<string>} url - url(s) to .vmd file(s)
+   * @param {function} onLoad
+   * @param {function} onProgress
+   * @param {function} onError
+   */
+
+
+		loadVMD( url, onLoad, onProgress, onError ) {
+
+			const urls = Array.isArray( url ) ? url : [ url ];
+			const vmds = [];
+			const vmdNum = urls.length;
+
+			const parser = this._getParser();
+
+			this.loader.setMimeType( undefined ).setPath( this.animationPath ).setResponseType( 'arraybuffer' ).setRequestHeader( this.requestHeader ).setWithCredentials( this.withCredentials );
+
+			for ( let i = 0, il = urls.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+				this.loader.load( urls[ i ], function ( buffer ) {
+
+					vmds.push( parser.parseVmd( buffer, true ) );
+					if ( vmds.length === vmdNum ) onLoad( parser.mergeVmds( vmds ) );
+
+				}, onProgress, onError );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * Loads .vpd file as an Object.
+   *
+   * @param {string} url - url to .vpd file
+   * @param {boolean} isUnicode
+   * @param {function} onLoad
+   * @param {function} onProgress
+   * @param {function} onError
+   */
+
+
+		loadVPD( url, isUnicode, onLoad, onProgress, onError ) {
+
+			const parser = this._getParser();
+
+			this.loader.setMimeType( isUnicode ? undefined : 'text/plain; charset=shift_jis' ).setPath( this.animationPath ).setResponseType( 'text' ).setRequestHeader( this.requestHeader ).setWithCredentials( this.withCredentials ).load( url, function ( text ) {
+
+				onLoad( parser.parseVpd( text, true ) );
+
+			}, onProgress, onError );
+
+		} // private methods
+
+
+		_extractExtension( url ) {
+
+			const index = url.lastIndexOf( '.' );
+			return index < 0 ? '' : url.slice( index + 1 );
+
+		}
+
+		_getParser() {
+
+			if ( this.parser === null ) {
+
+				if ( typeof MMDParser === 'undefined' ) {
+
+					throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDLoader: Import MMDParser https://github.com/takahirox/mmd-parser' );
+
+				}
+
+				this.parser = new MMDParser.Parser(); // eslint-disable-line no-undef
+
+			}
+
+			return this.parser;
+
+		}
+
+	} // Utilities
+
+	/*
+	 * base64 encoded defalut toon textures toon00.bmp - toon10.bmp.
+	 * We don't need to request external toon image files.
+	 */
+
+
+	const DEFAULT_TOON_TEXTURES = [ 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAAAL0lEQVRYR+3QQREAAAzCsOFfNJPBJ1XQS9r2hsUAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgsBZ4MUx/ofm2I/kAAAAASUVORK5CYII=', 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAAAN0lEQVRYR+3WQREAMBACsZ5/bWiiMvgEBTt5cW37hjsBBAgQIECAwFwgyfYPCCBAgAABAgTWAh8aBHZBl14e8wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==', 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAAAOUlEQVRYR+3WMREAMAwDsYY/yoDI7MLwIiP40+RJklfcCCBAgAABAgTqArfb/QMCCBAgQIAAgbbAB3z/e0F3js2cAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC', 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAAAN0lEQVRYR+3WQREAMBACsZ5/B5ilMvgEBTt5cW37hjsBBAgQIECAwFwgyfYPCCBAgAABAgTWAh81dWyx0gFwKAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==', 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAAAOklEQVRYR+3WoREAMAwDsWb/UQtCy9wxTOQJ/oQ8SXKKGwEECBAgQIBAXeDt7f4BAQQIECBAgEBb4AOz8Hzx7WLY4wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==', 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAABPUlEQVRYR+1XwW7CMAy1+f9fZOMysSEOEweEOPRNdm3HbdOyIhAcklPrOs/PLy9RygBALxzcCDQFmgJNgaZAU6Ap0BR4PwX8gsRMVLssMRH5HcpzJEaWL7EVg9F1IHRlyqQohgVr4FGUlUcMJSjcUlDw0zvjeun70cLWmneoyf7NgBTQSniBTQQSuJAZsOnnaczjIMb5hCiuHKxokCrJfVnrctyZL0PkJAJe1HMil4nxeyi3Ypfn1kX51jpPvo/JeCNC4PhVdHdJw2XjBR8brF8PEIhNVn12AgP7uHsTBguBn53MUZCqv7Lp07Pn5k1Ro+uWmUNn7D+M57rtk7aG0Vo73xyF/fbFf0bPJjDXngnGocDTdFhygZjwUQrMNrDcmZlQT50VJ/g/UwNyHpu778+yW+/ksOz/BFo54P4AsUXMfRq7XWsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=', 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAACMElEQVRYR+2Xv4pTQRTGf2dubhLdICiii2KnYKHVolhauKWPoGAnNr6BD6CvIVaihYuI2i1ia0BY0MZGRHQXjZj/mSPnnskfNWiWZUlzJ5k7M2cm833nO5Mziej2DWWJRUoCpQKlAntSQCqgw39/iUWAGmh37jrRnVsKlgpiqmkoGVABA7E57fvY+pJDdgKqF6HzFCSADkDq+F6AHABtQ+UMVE5D7zXod7fFNhTEckTbj5XQgHzNN+5tQvc5NG7C6BNkp6D3EmpXHDR+dQAjFLchW3VS9rlw3JBh+B7ys5Cf9z0GW1C/7P32AyBAOAz1q4jGliIH3YPuBnSfQX4OGreTIgEYQb/pBDtPnEQ4CivXYPAWBk13oHrB54yA9QuSn2H4AcKRpEILDt0BUzj+RLR1V5EqjD66NPRBVpLcQwjHoHYJOhsQv6U4mnzmrIXJCFr4LDwm/xBUoboG9XX4cc9VKdYoSA2yk5NQLJaKDUjTBoveG3Z2TElTxwjNK4M3LEZgUdDdruvcXzKBpStgp2NPiWi3ks9ZXxIoFVi+AvHLdc9TqtjL3/aYjpPlrzOcEnK62Szhimdd7xX232zFDTgtxezOu3WNMRLjiKgjtOhHVMd1loynVHvOgjuIIJMaELEqhJAV/RCSLbWTcfPFakFgFlALTRRvx+ok6Hlp/Q+v3fmx90bMyUzaEAhmM3KvHlXTL5DxnbGf/1M8RNNACLL5MNtPxP/mypJAqcDSFfgFhpYqWUzhTEAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=', 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAAAL0lEQVRYR+3QQREAAAzCsOFfNJPBJ1XQS9r2hsUAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgsBZ4MUx/ofm2I/kAAAAASUVORK5CYII=', 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAAAL0lEQVRYR+3QQREAAAzCsOFfNJPBJ1XQS9r2hsUAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgsBZ4MUx/ofm2I/kAAAAASUVORK5CYII=', 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAAAL0lEQVRYR+3QQREAAAzCsOFfNJPBJ1XQS9r2hsUAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgsBZ4MUx/ofm2I/kAAAAASUVORK5CYII=', 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAYAAABzenr0AAAAL0lEQVRYR+3QQREAAAzCsOFfNJPBJ1XQS9r2hsUAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgsBZ4MUx/ofm2I/kAAAAASUVORK5CYII=' ];
+	const NON_ALPHA_CHANNEL_FORMATS = [ THREE.RGB_S3TC_DXT1_Format, THREE.RGB_PVRTC_4BPPV1_Format, THREE.RGB_PVRTC_2BPPV1_Format, THREE.RGB_ETC1_Format, THREE.RGB_ETC2_Format ]; // Builders. They build Three.js object from Object data parsed by MMDParser.
+
+	/**
+ * @param {THREE.LoadingManager} manager
+ */
+
+	class MeshBuilder {
+
+		constructor( manager ) {
+
+			this.crossOrigin = 'anonymous';
+			this.geometryBuilder = new GeometryBuilder();
+			this.materialBuilder = new MaterialBuilder( manager );
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * @param {string} crossOrigin
+   * @return {MeshBuilder}
+   */
+
+
+		setCrossOrigin( crossOrigin ) {
+
+			this.crossOrigin = crossOrigin;
+			return this;
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * @param {Object} data - parsed PMD/PMX data
+   * @param {string} resourcePath
+   * @param {function} onProgress
+   * @param {function} onError
+   * @return {SkinnedMesh}
+   */
+
+
+		build( data, resourcePath, onProgress, onError ) {
+
+			const geometry = this.geometryBuilder.build( data );
+			const material = this.materialBuilder.setCrossOrigin( this.crossOrigin ).setResourcePath( resourcePath ).build( data, geometry, onProgress, onError );
+			const mesh = new THREE.SkinnedMesh( geometry, material );
+			const skeleton = new THREE.Skeleton( initBones( mesh ) );
+			mesh.bind( skeleton ); // console.log( mesh ); // for console debug
+
+			return mesh;
+
+		}
+
+	} // TODO: Try to remove this function
+
+
+	function initBones( mesh ) {
+
+		const geometry = mesh.geometry;
+		const bones = [];
+
+		if ( geometry && geometry.bones !== undefined ) {
+
+			// first, create array of 'Bone' objects from geometry data
+			for ( let i = 0, il = geometry.bones.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+				const gbone = geometry.bones[ i ]; // create new 'Bone' object
+
+				const bone = new THREE.Bone();
+				bones.push( bone ); // apply values
+
+				bone.name = gbone.name;
+				bone.position.fromArray( gbone.pos );
+				bone.quaternion.fromArray( gbone.rotq );
+				if ( gbone.scl !== undefined ) bone.scale.fromArray( gbone.scl );
+
+			} // second, create bone hierarchy
+
+
+			for ( let i = 0, il = geometry.bones.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+				const gbone = geometry.bones[ i ];
+
+				if ( gbone.parent !== - 1 && gbone.parent !== null && bones[ gbone.parent ] !== undefined ) {
+
+					// subsequent bones in the hierarchy
+					bones[ gbone.parent ].add( bones[ i ] );
+
+				} else {
+
+					// topmost bone, immediate child of the skinned mesh
+					mesh.add( bones[ i ] );
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		} // now the bones are part of the scene graph and children of the skinned mesh.
+		// let's update the corresponding matrices
+
+
+		mesh.updateMatrixWorld( true );
+		return bones;
+
+	} //
+
+
+	class GeometryBuilder {
+
+		/**
+   * @param {Object} data - parsed PMD/PMX data
+   * @return {BufferGeometry}
+   */
+		build( data ) {
+
+			// for geometry
+			const positions = [];
+			const uvs = [];
+			const normals = [];
+			const indices = [];
+			const groups = [];
+			const bones = [];
+			const skinIndices = [];
+			const skinWeights = [];
+			const morphTargets = [];
+			const morphPositions = [];
+			const iks = [];
+			const grants = [];
+			const rigidBodies = [];
+			const constraints = []; // for work
+
+			let offset = 0;
+			const boneTypeTable = {}; // positions, normals, uvs, skinIndices, skinWeights
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.vertexCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const v = data.vertices[ i ];
+
+				for ( let j = 0, jl = v.position.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
+
+					positions.push( v.position[ j ] );
+
+				}
+
+				for ( let j = 0, jl = v.normal.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
+
+					normals.push( v.normal[ j ] );
+
+				}
+
+				for ( let j = 0, jl = v.uv.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
+
+					uvs.push( v.uv[ j ] );
+
+				}
+
+				for ( let j = 0; j < 4; j ++ ) {
+
+					skinIndices.push( v.skinIndices.length - 1 >= j ? v.skinIndices[ j ] : 0.0 );
+
+				}
+
+				for ( let j = 0; j < 4; j ++ ) {
+
+					skinWeights.push( v.skinWeights.length - 1 >= j ? v.skinWeights[ j ] : 0.0 );
+
+				}
+
+			} // indices
+
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.faceCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const face = data.faces[ i ];
+
+				for ( let j = 0, jl = face.indices.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
+
+					indices.push( face.indices[ j ] );
+
+				}
+
+			} // groups
+
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.materialCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const material = data.materials[ i ];
+				groups.push( {
+					offset: offset * 3,
+					count: material.faceCount * 3
+				} );
+				offset += material.faceCount;
+
+			} // bones
+
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.rigidBodyCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const body = data.rigidBodies[ i ];
+				let value = boneTypeTable[ body.boneIndex ]; // keeps greater number if already value is set without any special reasons
+
+				value = value === undefined ? body.type : Math.max( body.type, value );
+				boneTypeTable[ body.boneIndex ] = value;
+
+			}
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.boneCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const boneData = data.bones[ i ];
+				const bone = {
+					index: i,
+					transformationClass: boneData.transformationClass,
+					parent: boneData.parentIndex,
+					name: boneData.name,
+					pos: boneData.position.slice( 0, 3 ),
+					rotq: [ 0, 0, 0, 1 ],
+					scl: [ 1, 1, 1 ],
+					rigidBodyType: boneTypeTable[ i ] !== undefined ? boneTypeTable[ i ] : - 1
+				};
+
+				if ( bone.parent !== - 1 ) {
+
+					bone.pos[ 0 ] -= data.bones[ bone.parent ].position[ 0 ];
+					bone.pos[ 1 ] -= data.bones[ bone.parent ].position[ 1 ];
+					bone.pos[ 2 ] -= data.bones[ bone.parent ].position[ 2 ];
+
+				}
+
+				bones.push( bone );
+
+			} // iks
+			// TODO: remove duplicated codes between PMD and PMX
+
+
+			if ( data.metadata.format === 'pmd' ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.ikCount; i ++ ) {
+
+					const ik = data.iks[ i ];
+					const param = {
+						target: ik.target,
+						effector: ik.effector,
+						iteration: ik.iteration,
+						maxAngle: ik.maxAngle * 4,
+						links: []
+					};
+
+					for ( let j = 0, jl = ik.links.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
+
+						const link = {};
+						link.index = ik.links[ j ].index;
+						link.enabled = true;
+
+						if ( data.bones[ link.index ].name.indexOf( 'ひざ' ) >= 0 ) {
+
+							link.limitation = new THREE.Vector3( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 );
+
+						}
+
+						param.links.push( link );
+
+					}
+
+					iks.push( param );
+
+				}
+
+			} else {
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.boneCount; i ++ ) {
+
+					const ik = data.bones[ i ].ik;
+					if ( ik === undefined ) continue;
+					const param = {
+						target: i,
+						effector: ik.effector,
+						iteration: ik.iteration,
+						maxAngle: ik.maxAngle,
+						links: []
+					};
+
+					for ( let j = 0, jl = ik.links.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
+
+						const link = {};
+						link.index = ik.links[ j ].index;
+						link.enabled = true;
+
+						if ( ik.links[ j ].angleLimitation === 1 ) {
+
+							// Revert if rotationMin/Max doesn't work well
+							// link.limitation = new THREE.Vector3( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 );
+							const rotationMin = ik.links[ j ].lowerLimitationAngle;
+							const rotationMax = ik.links[ j ].upperLimitationAngle; // Convert Left to Right coordinate by myself because
+							// MMDParser doesn't convert. It's a MMDParser's bug
+
+							const tmp1 = - rotationMax[ 0 ];
+							const tmp2 = - rotationMax[ 1 ];
+							rotationMax[ 0 ] = - rotationMin[ 0 ];
+							rotationMax[ 1 ] = - rotationMin[ 1 ];
+							rotationMin[ 0 ] = tmp1;
+							rotationMin[ 1 ] = tmp2;
+							link.rotationMin = new THREE.Vector3().fromArray( rotationMin );
+							link.rotationMax = new THREE.Vector3().fromArray( rotationMax );
+
+						}
+
+						param.links.push( link );
+
+					}
+
+					iks.push( param ); // Save the reference even from bone data for efficiently
+					// simulating PMX animation system
+
+					bones[ i ].ik = param;
+
+				}
+
+			} // grants
+
+
+			if ( data.metadata.format === 'pmx' ) {
+
+				// bone index -> grant entry map
+				const grantEntryMap = {};
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.boneCount; i ++ ) {
+
+					const boneData = data.bones[ i ];
+					const grant = boneData.grant;
+					if ( grant === undefined ) continue;
+					const param = {
+						index: i,
+						parentIndex: grant.parentIndex,
+						ratio: grant.ratio,
+						isLocal: grant.isLocal,
+						affectRotation: grant.affectRotation,
+						affectPosition: grant.affectPosition,
+						transformationClass: boneData.transformationClass
+					};
+					grantEntryMap[ i ] = {
+						parent: null,
+						children: [],
+						param: param,
+						visited: false
+					};
+
+				}
+
+				const rootEntry = {
+					parent: null,
+					children: [],
+					param: null,
+					visited: false
+				}; // Build a tree representing grant hierarchy
+
+				for ( const boneIndex in grantEntryMap ) {
+
+					const grantEntry = grantEntryMap[ boneIndex ];
+					const parentGrantEntry = grantEntryMap[ grantEntry.parentIndex ] || rootEntry;
+					grantEntry.parent = parentGrantEntry;
+					parentGrantEntry.children.push( grantEntry );
+
+				} // Sort grant parameters from parents to children because
+				// grant uses parent's transform that parent's grant is already applied
+				// so grant should be applied in order from parents to children
+
+
+				function traverse( entry ) {
+
+					if ( entry.param ) {
+
+						grants.push( entry.param ); // Save the reference even from bone data for efficiently
+						// simulating PMX animation system
+
+						bones[ entry.param.index ].grant = entry.param;
+
+					}
+
+					entry.visited = true;
+
+					for ( let i = 0, il = entry.children.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+						const child = entry.children[ i ]; // Cut off a loop if exists. (Is a grant loop invalid?)
+
+						if ( ! child.visited ) traverse( child );
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+				traverse( rootEntry );
+
+			} // morph
+
+
+			function updateAttributes( attribute, morph, ratio ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < morph.elementCount; i ++ ) {
+
+					const element = morph.elements[ i ];
+					let index;
+
+					if ( data.metadata.format === 'pmd' ) {
+
+						index = data.morphs[ 0 ].elements[ element.index ].index;
+
+					} else {
+
+						index = element.index;
+
+					}
+
+					attribute.array[ index * 3 + 0 ] += element.position[ 0 ] * ratio;
+					attribute.array[ index * 3 + 1 ] += element.position[ 1 ] * ratio;
+					attribute.array[ index * 3 + 2 ] += element.position[ 2 ] * ratio;
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.morphCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const morph = data.morphs[ i ];
+				const params = {
+					name: morph.name
+				};
+				const attribute = new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute( data.metadata.vertexCount * 3, 3 );
+				attribute.name = morph.name;
+
+				for ( let j = 0; j < data.metadata.vertexCount * 3; j ++ ) {
+
+					attribute.array[ j ] = positions[ j ];
+
+				}
+
+				if ( data.metadata.format === 'pmd' ) {
+
+					if ( i !== 0 ) {
+
+						updateAttributes( attribute, morph, 1.0 );
+
+					}
+
+				} else {
+
+					if ( morph.type === 0 ) {
+
+						// group
+						for ( let j = 0; j < morph.elementCount; j ++ ) {
+
+							const morph2 = data.morphs[ morph.elements[ j ].index ];
+							const ratio = morph.elements[ j ].ratio;
+
+							if ( morph2.type === 1 ) {
+
+								updateAttributes( attribute, morph2, ratio );
+
+							} else { // TODO: implement
+							}
+
+						}
+
+					} else if ( morph.type === 1 ) {
+
+						// vertex
+						updateAttributes( attribute, morph, 1.0 );
+
+					} else if ( morph.type === 2 ) { // bone
+						// TODO: implement
+					} else if ( morph.type === 3 ) { // uv
+						// TODO: implement
+					} else if ( morph.type === 4 ) { // additional uv1
+						// TODO: implement
+					} else if ( morph.type === 5 ) { // additional uv2
+						// TODO: implement
+					} else if ( morph.type === 6 ) { // additional uv3
+						// TODO: implement
+					} else if ( morph.type === 7 ) { // additional uv4
+						// TODO: implement
+					} else if ( morph.type === 8 ) { // material
+						// TODO: implement
+					}
+
+				}
+
+				morphTargets.push( params );
+				morphPositions.push( attribute );
+
+			} // rigid bodies from rigidBodies field.
+
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.rigidBodyCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const rigidBody = data.rigidBodies[ i ];
+				const params = {};
+
+				for ( const key in rigidBody ) {
+
+					params[ key ] = rigidBody[ key ];
+
+				}
+				/*
+      	 * RigidBody position parameter in PMX seems global position
+      	 * while the one in PMD seems offset from corresponding bone.
+      	 * So unify being offset.
+      	 */
+
+
+				if ( data.metadata.format === 'pmx' ) {
+
+					if ( params.boneIndex !== - 1 ) {
+
+						const bone = data.bones[ params.boneIndex ];
+						params.position[ 0 ] -= bone.position[ 0 ];
+						params.position[ 1 ] -= bone.position[ 1 ];
+						params.position[ 2 ] -= bone.position[ 2 ];
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+				rigidBodies.push( params );
+
+			} // constraints from constraints field.
+
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.constraintCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const constraint = data.constraints[ i ];
+				const params = {};
+
+				for ( const key in constraint ) {
+
+					params[ key ] = constraint[ key ];
+
+				}
+
+				const bodyA = rigidBodies[ params.rigidBodyIndex1 ];
+				const bodyB = rigidBodies[ params.rigidBodyIndex2 ]; // Refer to http://www20.atpages.jp/katwat/wp/?p=4135
+
+				if ( bodyA.type !== 0 && bodyB.type === 2 ) {
+
+					if ( bodyA.boneIndex !== - 1 && bodyB.boneIndex !== - 1 && data.bones[ bodyB.boneIndex ].parentIndex === bodyA.boneIndex ) {
+
+						bodyB.type = 1;
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+				constraints.push( params );
+
+			} // build THREE.BufferGeometry.
+
+
+			const geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
+			geometry.setAttribute( 'position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute( positions, 3 ) );
+			geometry.setAttribute( 'normal', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute( normals, 3 ) );
+			geometry.setAttribute( 'uv', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute( uvs, 2 ) );
+			geometry.setAttribute( 'skinIndex', new THREE.Uint16BufferAttribute( skinIndices, 4 ) );
+			geometry.setAttribute( 'skinWeight', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute( skinWeights, 4 ) );
+			geometry.setIndex( indices );
+
+			for ( let i = 0, il = groups.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+				geometry.addGroup( groups[ i ].offset, groups[ i ].count, i );
+
+			}
+
+			geometry.bones = bones;
+			geometry.morphTargets = morphTargets;
+			geometry.morphAttributes.position = morphPositions;
+			geometry.morphTargetsRelative = false;
+			geometry.userData.MMD = {
+				bones: bones,
+				iks: iks,
+				grants: grants,
+				rigidBodies: rigidBodies,
+				constraints: constraints,
+				format: data.metadata.format
+			};
+			geometry.computeBoundingSphere();
+			return geometry;
+
+		}
+
+	} //
+
+	/**
+ * @param {THREE.LoadingManager} manager
+ */
+
+
+	class MaterialBuilder {
+
+		constructor( manager ) {
+
+			this.manager = manager;
+			this.textureLoader = new THREE.TextureLoader( this.manager );
+			this.tgaLoader = null; // lazy generation
+
+			this.crossOrigin = 'anonymous';
+			this.resourcePath = undefined;
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * @param {string} crossOrigin
+   * @return {MaterialBuilder}
+   */
+
+
+		setCrossOrigin( crossOrigin ) {
+
+			this.crossOrigin = crossOrigin;
+			return this;
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * @param {string} resourcePath
+   * @return {MaterialBuilder}
+   */
+
+
+		setResourcePath( resourcePath ) {
+
+			this.resourcePath = resourcePath;
+			return this;
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * @param {Object} data - parsed PMD/PMX data
+   * @param {BufferGeometry} geometry - some properties are dependend on geometry
+   * @param {function} onProgress
+   * @param {function} onError
+   * @return {Array<MMDToonMaterial>}
+   */
+
+
+		build( data, geometry
+			/*, onProgress, onError */
+		) {
+
+			const materials = [];
+			const textures = {};
+			this.textureLoader.setCrossOrigin( this.crossOrigin ); // materials
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < data.metadata.materialCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const material = data.materials[ i ];
+				const params = {
+					userData: {
+						MMD: {}
+					}
+				};
+				if ( material.name !== undefined ) params.name = material.name;
+				/*
+      	 * THREE.Color
+      	 *
+      	 * MMD         MMDToonMaterial
+      	 * ambient  -  emissive * a
+      	 *               (a = 1.0 without map texture or 0.2 with map texture)
+      	 *
+      	 * MMDToonMaterial doesn't have ambient. Set it to emissive instead.
+      	 * It'll be too bright if material has map texture so using coef 0.2.
+      	 */
+
+				params.diffuse = new THREE.Color().fromArray( material.diffuse );
+				params.opacity = material.diffuse[ 3 ];
+				params.specular = new THREE.Color().fromArray( material.specular );
+				params.shininess = material.shininess;
+				params.emissive = new THREE.Color().fromArray( material.ambient );
+				params.transparent = params.opacity !== 1.0; //
+
+				params.fog = true; // blend
+
+				params.blending = THREE.CustomBlending;
+				params.blendSrc = THREE.SrcAlphaFactor;
+				params.blendDst = THREE.OneMinusSrcAlphaFactor;
+				params.blendSrcAlpha = THREE.SrcAlphaFactor;
+				params.blendDstAlpha = THREE.DstAlphaFactor; // side
+
+				if ( data.metadata.format === 'pmx' && ( material.flag & 0x1 ) === 1 ) {
+
+					params.side = THREE.DoubleSide;
+
+				} else {
+
+					params.side = params.opacity === 1.0 ? THREE.FrontSide : THREE.DoubleSide;
+
+				}
+
+				if ( data.metadata.format === 'pmd' ) {
+
+					// map, envMap
+					if ( material.fileName ) {
+
+						const fileName = material.fileName;
+						const fileNames = fileName.split( '*' ); // fileNames[ 0 ]: mapFileName
+						// fileNames[ 1 ]: envMapFileName( optional )
+
+						params.map = this._loadTexture( fileNames[ 0 ], textures );
+
+						if ( fileNames.length > 1 ) {
+
+							const extension = fileNames[ 1 ].slice( - 4 ).toLowerCase();
+							params.envMap = this._loadTexture( fileNames[ 1 ], textures );
+							params.combine = extension === '.sph' ? THREE.MultiplyOperation : THREE.AddOperation;
+
+						}
+
+					} // gradientMap
+
+
+					const toonFileName = material.toonIndex === - 1 ? 'toon00.bmp' : data.toonTextures[ material.toonIndex ].fileName;
+					params.gradientMap = this._loadTexture( toonFileName, textures, {
+						isToonTexture: true,
+						isDefaultToonTexture: this._isDefaultToonTexture( toonFileName )
+					} ); // parameters for OutlineEffect
+
+					params.userData.outlineParameters = {
+						thickness: material.edgeFlag === 1 ? 0.003 : 0.0,
+						color: [ 0, 0, 0 ],
+						alpha: 1.0,
+						visible: material.edgeFlag === 1
+					};
+
+				} else {
+
+					// map
+					if ( material.textureIndex !== - 1 ) {
+
+						params.map = this._loadTexture( data.textures[ material.textureIndex ], textures ); // Since PMX spec don't have standard to list map files except color map and env map,
+						// we need to save file name for further mapping, like matching normal map file names after model loaded.
+						// ref: https://gist.github.com/felixjones/f8a06bd48f9da9a4539f#texture
+
+						params.userData.MMD.mapFileName = data.textures[ material.textureIndex ];
+
+					} // envMap TODO: support m.envFlag === 3
+
+
+					if ( material.envTextureIndex !== - 1 && ( material.envFlag === 1 || material.envFlag == 2 ) ) {
+
+						params.matcap = this._loadTexture( data.textures[ material.envTextureIndex ], textures ); // Same as color map above, keep file name in userData for further usage.
+
+						params.userData.MMD.matcapFileName = data.textures[ material.envTextureIndex ];
+						params.matcapCombine = material.envFlag === 1 ? THREE.MultiplyOperation : THREE.AddOperation;
+
+					} // gradientMap
+
+
+					let toonFileName, isDefaultToon;
+
+					if ( material.toonIndex === - 1 || material.toonFlag !== 0 ) {
+
+						toonFileName = 'toon' + ( '0' + ( material.toonIndex + 1 ) ).slice( - 2 ) + '.bmp';
+						isDefaultToon = true;
+
+					} else {
+
+						toonFileName = data.textures[ material.toonIndex ];
+						isDefaultToon = false;
+
+					}
+
+					params.gradientMap = this._loadTexture( toonFileName, textures, {
+						isToonTexture: true,
+						isDefaultToonTexture: isDefaultToon
+					} ); // parameters for OutlineEffect
+
+					params.userData.outlineParameters = {
+						thickness: material.edgeSize / 300,
+						// TODO: better calculation?
+						color: material.edgeColor.slice( 0, 3 ),
+						alpha: material.edgeColor[ 3 ],
+						visible: ( material.flag & 0x10 ) !== 0 && material.edgeSize > 0.0
+					};
+
+				}
+
+				if ( params.map !== undefined ) {
+
+					if ( ! params.transparent ) {
+
+						this._checkImageTransparency( params.map, geometry, i );
+
+					}
+
+					params.emissive.multiplyScalar( 0.2 );
+
+				}
+
+				materials.push( new MMDToonMaterial( params ) );
+
+			}
+
+			if ( data.metadata.format === 'pmx' ) {
+
+				// set transparent true if alpha morph is defined.
+				function checkAlphaMorph( elements, materials ) {
+
+					for ( let i = 0, il = elements.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+						const element = elements[ i ];
+						if ( element.index === - 1 ) continue;
+						const material = materials[ element.index ];
+
+						if ( material.opacity !== element.diffuse[ 3 ] ) {
+
+							material.transparent = true;
+
+						}
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+				for ( let i = 0, il = data.morphs.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+					const morph = data.morphs[ i ];
+					const elements = morph.elements;
+
+					if ( morph.type === 0 ) {
+
+						for ( let j = 0, jl = elements.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
+
+							const morph2 = data.morphs[ elements[ j ].index ];
+							if ( morph2.type !== 8 ) continue;
+							checkAlphaMorph( morph2.elements, materials );
+
+						}
+
+					} else if ( morph.type === 8 ) {
+
+						checkAlphaMorph( elements, materials );
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			return materials;
+
+		} // private methods
+
+
+		_getTGALoader() {
+
+			if ( this.tgaLoader === null ) {
+
+				if ( THREE.TGALoader === undefined ) {
+
+					throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDLoader: Import THREE.TGALoader' );
+
+				}
+
+				this.tgaLoader = new THREE.TGALoader( this.manager );
+
+			}
+
+			return this.tgaLoader;
+
+		}
+
+		_isDefaultToonTexture( name ) {
+
+			if ( name.length !== 10 ) return false;
+			return /toon(10|0[0-9])\.bmp/.test( name );
+
+		}
+
+		_loadTexture( filePath, textures, params, onProgress, onError ) {
+
+			params = params || {};
+			const scope = this;
+			let fullPath;
+
+			if ( params.isDefaultToonTexture === true ) {
+
+				let index;
+
+				try {
+
+					index = parseInt( filePath.match( /toon([0-9]{2})\.bmp$/ )[ 1 ] );
+
+				} catch ( e ) {
+
+					console.warn( 'THREE.MMDLoader: ' + filePath + ' seems like a ' + 'not right default texture path. Using toon00.bmp instead.' );
+					index = 0;
+
+				}
+
+				fullPath = DEFAULT_TOON_TEXTURES[ index ];
+
+			} else {
+
+				fullPath = this.resourcePath + filePath;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( textures[ fullPath ] !== undefined ) return textures[ fullPath ];
+			let loader = this.manager.getHandler( fullPath );
+
+			if ( loader === null ) {
+
+				loader = filePath.slice( - 4 ).toLowerCase() === '.tga' ? this._getTGALoader() : this.textureLoader;
+
+			}
+
+			const texture = loader.load( fullPath, function ( t ) {
+
+				// MMD toon texture is Axis-Y oriented
+				// but Three.js gradient map is Axis-X oriented.
+				// So here replaces the toon texture image with the rotated one.
+				if ( params.isToonTexture === true ) {
+
+					t.image = scope._getRotatedImage( t.image );
+					t.magFilter = THREE.NearestFilter;
+					t.minFilter = THREE.NearestFilter;
+
+				}
+
+				t.flipY = false;
+				t.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
+				t.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < texture.readyCallbacks.length; i ++ ) {
+
+					texture.readyCallbacks[ i ]( texture );
+
+				}
+
+				delete texture.readyCallbacks;
+
+			}, onProgress, onError );
+			texture.readyCallbacks = [];
+			textures[ fullPath ] = texture;
+			return texture;
+
+		}
+
+		_getRotatedImage( image ) {
+
+			const canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' );
+			const context = canvas.getContext( '2d' );
+			const width = image.width;
+			const height = image.height;
+			canvas.width = width;
+			canvas.height = height;
+			context.clearRect( 0, 0, width, height );
+			context.translate( width / 2.0, height / 2.0 );
+			context.rotate( 0.5 * Math.PI ); // 90.0 * Math.PI / 180.0
+
+			context.translate( - width / 2.0, - height / 2.0 );
+			context.drawImage( image, 0, 0 );
+			return context.getImageData( 0, 0, width, height );
+
+		} // Check if the partial image area used by the texture is transparent.
+
+
+		_checkImageTransparency( map, geometry, groupIndex ) {
+
+			map.readyCallbacks.push( function ( texture ) {
+
+				// Is there any efficient ways?
+				function createImageData( image ) {
+
+					const canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' );
+					canvas.width = image.width;
+					canvas.height = image.height;
+					const context = canvas.getContext( '2d' );
+					context.drawImage( image, 0, 0 );
+					return context.getImageData( 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height );
+
+				}
+
+				function detectImageTransparency( image, uvs, indices ) {
+
+					const width = image.width;
+					const height = image.height;
+					const data = image.data;
+					const threshold = 253;
+					if ( data.length / ( width * height ) !== 4 ) return false;
+
+					for ( let i = 0; i < indices.length; i += 3 ) {
+
+						const centerUV = {
+							x: 0.0,
+							y: 0.0
+						};
+
+						for ( let j = 0; j < 3; j ++ ) {
+
+							const index = indices[ i * 3 + j ];
+							const uv = {
+								x: uvs[ index * 2 + 0 ],
+								y: uvs[ index * 2 + 1 ]
+							};
+							if ( getAlphaByUv( image, uv ) < threshold ) return true;
+							centerUV.x += uv.x;
+							centerUV.y += uv.y;
+
+						}
+
+						centerUV.x /= 3;
+						centerUV.y /= 3;
+						if ( getAlphaByUv( image, centerUV ) < threshold ) return true;
+
+					}
+
+					return false;
+
+				}
+				/*
+      	 * This method expects
+      	 *   texture.flipY = false
+      	 *   texture.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping
+      	 *   texture.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping
+      	 * TODO: more precise
+      	 */
+
+
+				function getAlphaByUv( image, uv ) {
+
+					const width = image.width;
+					const height = image.height;
+					let x = Math.round( uv.x * width ) % width;
+					let y = Math.round( uv.y * height ) % height;
+					if ( x < 0 ) x += width;
+					if ( y < 0 ) y += height;
+					const index = y * width + x;
+					return image.data[ index * 4 + 3 ];
+
+				}
+
+				if ( texture.isCompressedTexture === true ) {
+
+					if ( NON_ALPHA_CHANNEL_FORMATS.includes( texture.format ) ) {
+
+						map.transparent = false;
+
+					} else {
+
+						// any other way to check transparency of CompressedTexture?
+						map.transparent = true;
+
+					}
+
+					return;
+
+				}
+
+				const imageData = texture.image.data !== undefined ? texture.image : createImageData( texture.image );
+				const group = geometry.groups[ groupIndex ];
+
+				if ( detectImageTransparency( imageData, geometry.attributes.uv.array, geometry.index.array.slice( group.start, group.start + group.count ) ) ) {
+
+					map.transparent = true;
+
+				}
+
+			} );
+
+		}
+
+	} //
+
+
+	class AnimationBuilder {
+
+		/**
+   * @param {Object} vmd - parsed VMD data
+   * @param {SkinnedMesh} mesh - tracks will be fitting to mesh
+   * @return {AnimationClip}
+   */
+		build( vmd, mesh ) {
+
+			// combine skeletal and morph animations
+			const tracks = this.buildSkeletalAnimation( vmd, mesh ).tracks;
+			const tracks2 = this.buildMorphAnimation( vmd, mesh ).tracks;
+
+			for ( let i = 0, il = tracks2.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+				tracks.push( tracks2[ i ] );
+
+			}
+
+			return new THREE.AnimationClip( '', - 1, tracks );
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * @param {Object} vmd - parsed VMD data
+   * @param {SkinnedMesh} mesh - tracks will be fitting to mesh
+   * @return {AnimationClip}
+   */
+
+
+		buildSkeletalAnimation( vmd, mesh ) {
+
+			function pushInterpolation( array, interpolation, index ) {
+
+				array.push( interpolation[ index + 0 ] / 127 ); // x1
+
+				array.push( interpolation[ index + 8 ] / 127 ); // x2
+
+				array.push( interpolation[ index + 4 ] / 127 ); // y1
+
+				array.push( interpolation[ index + 12 ] / 127 ); // y2
+
+			}
+
+			const tracks = [];
+			const motions = {};
+			const bones = mesh.skeleton.bones;
+			const boneNameDictionary = {};
+
+			for ( let i = 0, il = bones.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+				boneNameDictionary[ bones[ i ].name ] = true;
+
+			}
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < vmd.metadata.motionCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const motion = vmd.motions[ i ];
+				const boneName = motion.boneName;
+				if ( boneNameDictionary[ boneName ] === undefined ) continue;
+				motions[ boneName ] = motions[ boneName ] || [];
+				motions[ boneName ].push( motion );
+
+			}
+
+			for ( const key in motions ) {
+
+				const array = motions[ key ];
+				array.sort( function ( a, b ) {
+
+					return a.frameNum - b.frameNum;
+
+				} );
+				const times = [];
+				const positions = [];
+				const rotations = [];
+				const pInterpolations = [];
+				const rInterpolations = [];
+				const basePosition = mesh.skeleton.getBoneByName( key ).position.toArray();
+
+				for ( let i = 0, il = array.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+					const time = array[ i ].frameNum / 30;
+					const position = array[ i ].position;
+					const rotation = array[ i ].rotation;
+					const interpolation = array[ i ].interpolation;
+					times.push( time );
+
+					for ( let j = 0; j < 3; j ++ ) positions.push( basePosition[ j ] + position[ j ] );
+
+					for ( let j = 0; j < 4; j ++ ) rotations.push( rotation[ j ] );
+
+					for ( let j = 0; j < 3; j ++ ) pushInterpolation( pInterpolations, interpolation, j );
+
+					pushInterpolation( rInterpolations, interpolation, 3 );
+
+				}
+
+				const targetName = '.bones[' + key + ']';
+				tracks.push( this._createTrack( targetName + '.position', THREE.VectorKeyframeTrack, times, positions, pInterpolations ) );
+				tracks.push( this._createTrack( targetName + '.quaternion', THREE.QuaternionKeyframeTrack, times, rotations, rInterpolations ) );
+
+			}
+
+			return new THREE.AnimationClip( '', - 1, tracks );
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * @param {Object} vmd - parsed VMD data
+   * @param {SkinnedMesh} mesh - tracks will be fitting to mesh
+   * @return {AnimationClip}
+   */
+
+
+		buildMorphAnimation( vmd, mesh ) {
+
+			const tracks = [];
+			const morphs = {};
+			const morphTargetDictionary = mesh.morphTargetDictionary;
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < vmd.metadata.morphCount; i ++ ) {
+
+				const morph = vmd.morphs[ i ];
+				const morphName = morph.morphName;
+				if ( morphTargetDictionary[ morphName ] === undefined ) continue;
+				morphs[ morphName ] = morphs[ morphName ] || [];
+				morphs[ morphName ].push( morph );
+
+			}
+
+			for ( const key in morphs ) {
+
+				const array = morphs[ key ];
+				array.sort( function ( a, b ) {
+
+					return a.frameNum - b.frameNum;
+
+				} );
+				const times = [];
+				const values = [];
+
+				for ( let i = 0, il = array.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+					times.push( array[ i ].frameNum / 30 );
+					values.push( array[ i ].weight );
+
+				}
+
+				tracks.push( new THREE.NumberKeyframeTrack( '.morphTargetInfluences[' + morphTargetDictionary[ key ] + ']', times, values ) );
+
+			}
+
+			return new THREE.AnimationClip( '', - 1, tracks );
+
+		}
+		/**
+   * @param {Object} vmd - parsed VMD data
+   * @return {AnimationClip}
+   */
+
+
+		buildCameraAnimation( vmd ) {
+
+			function pushVector3( array, vec ) {
+
+				array.push( vec.x );
+				array.push( vec.y );
+				array.push( vec.z );
+
+			}
+
+			function pushQuaternion( array, q ) {
+
+				array.push( q.x );
+				array.push( q.y );
+				array.push( q.z );
+				array.push( q.w );
+
+			}
+
+			function pushInterpolation( array, interpolation, index ) {
+
+				array.push( interpolation[ index * 4 + 0 ] / 127 ); // x1
+
+				array.push( interpolation[ index * 4 + 1 ] / 127 ); // x2
+
+				array.push( interpolation[ index * 4 + 2 ] / 127 ); // y1
+
+				array.push( interpolation[ index * 4 + 3 ] / 127 ); // y2
+
+			}
+
+			const cameras = vmd.cameras === undefined ? [] : vmd.cameras.slice();
+			cameras.sort( function ( a, b ) {
+
+				return a.frameNum - b.frameNum;
+
+			} );
+			const times = [];
+			const centers = [];
+			const quaternions = [];
+			const positions = [];
+			const fovs = [];
+			const cInterpolations = [];
+			const qInterpolations = [];
+			const pInterpolations = [];
+			const fInterpolations = [];
+			const quaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
+			const euler = new THREE.Euler();
+			const position = new THREE.Vector3();
+			const center = new THREE.Vector3();
+
+			for ( let i = 0, il = cameras.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+				const motion = cameras[ i ];
+				const time = motion.frameNum / 30;
+				const pos = motion.position;
+				const rot = motion.rotation;
+				const distance = motion.distance;
+				const fov = motion.fov;
+				const interpolation = motion.interpolation;
+				times.push( time );
+				position.set( 0, 0, - distance );
+				center.set( pos[ 0 ], pos[ 1 ], pos[ 2 ] );
+				euler.set( - rot[ 0 ], - rot[ 1 ], - rot[ 2 ] );
+				quaternion.setFromEuler( euler );
+				position.add( center );
+				position.applyQuaternion( quaternion );
+				pushVector3( centers, center );
+				pushQuaternion( quaternions, quaternion );
+				pushVector3( positions, position );
+				fovs.push( fov );
+
+				for ( let j = 0; j < 3; j ++ ) {
+
+					pushInterpolation( cInterpolations, interpolation, j );
+
+				}
+
+				pushInterpolation( qInterpolations, interpolation, 3 ); // use the same parameter for x, y, z axis.
+
+				for ( let j = 0; j < 3; j ++ ) {
+
+					pushInterpolation( pInterpolations, interpolation, 4 );
+
+				}
+
+				pushInterpolation( fInterpolations, interpolation, 5 );
+
+			}
+
+			const tracks = []; // I expect an object whose name 'target' exists under THREE.Camera
+
+			tracks.push( this._createTrack( 'target.position', THREE.VectorKeyframeTrack, times, centers, cInterpolations ) );
+			tracks.push( this._createTrack( '.quaternion', THREE.QuaternionKeyframeTrack, times, quaternions, qInterpolations ) );
+			tracks.push( this._createTrack( '.position', THREE.VectorKeyframeTrack, times, positions, pInterpolations ) );
+			tracks.push( this._createTrack( '.fov', THREE.NumberKeyframeTrack, times, fovs, fInterpolations ) );
+			return new THREE.AnimationClip( '', - 1, tracks );
+
+		} // private method
+
+
+		_createTrack( node, typedKeyframeTrack, times, values, interpolations ) {
+
+			/*
+    	 * optimizes here not to let KeyframeTrackPrototype optimize
+    	 * because KeyframeTrackPrototype optimizes times and values but
+    	 * doesn't optimize interpolations.
+    	 */
+			if ( times.length > 2 ) {
+
+				times = times.slice();
+				values = values.slice();
+				interpolations = interpolations.slice();
+				const stride = values.length / times.length;
+				const interpolateStride = interpolations.length / times.length;
+				let index = 1;
+
+				for ( let aheadIndex = 2, endIndex = times.length; aheadIndex < endIndex; aheadIndex ++ ) {
+
+					for ( let i = 0; i < stride; i ++ ) {
+
+						if ( values[ index * stride + i ] !== values[ ( index - 1 ) * stride + i ] || values[ index * stride + i ] !== values[ aheadIndex * stride + i ] ) {
+
+							index ++;
+							break;
+
+						}
+
+					}
+
+					if ( aheadIndex > index ) {
+
+						times[ index ] = times[ aheadIndex ];
+
+						for ( let i = 0; i < stride; i ++ ) {
+
+							values[ index * stride + i ] = values[ aheadIndex * stride + i ];
+
+						}
+
+						for ( let i = 0; i < interpolateStride; i ++ ) {
+
+							interpolations[ index * interpolateStride + i ] = interpolations[ aheadIndex * interpolateStride + i ];
+
+						}
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+				times.length = index + 1;
+				values.length = ( index + 1 ) * stride;
+				interpolations.length = ( index + 1 ) * interpolateStride;
+
+			}
+
+			const track = new typedKeyframeTrack( node, times, values );
+
+			track.createInterpolant = function InterpolantFactoryMethodCubicBezier( result ) {
+
+				return new CubicBezierInterpolation( this.times, this.values, this.getValueSize(), result, new Float32Array( interpolations ) );
+
+			};
+
+			return track;
+
+		}
+
+	} // interpolation
+
+
+	class CubicBezierInterpolation extends THREE.Interpolant {
+
+		constructor( parameterPositions, sampleValues, sampleSize, resultBuffer, params ) {
+
+			super( parameterPositions, sampleValues, sampleSize, resultBuffer );
+			this.interpolationParams = params;
+
+		}
+
+		interpolate_( i1, t0, t, t1 ) {
+
+			const result = this.resultBuffer;
+			const values = this.sampleValues;
+			const stride = this.valueSize;
+			const params = this.interpolationParams;
+			const offset1 = i1 * stride;
+			const offset0 = offset1 - stride; // No interpolation if next key frame is in one frame in 30fps.
+			// This is from MMD animation spec.
+			// '1.5' is for precision loss. times are Float32 in Three.js Animation system.
+
+			const weight1 = t1 - t0 < 1 / 30 * 1.5 ? 0.0 : ( t - t0 ) / ( t1 - t0 );
+
+			if ( stride === 4 ) {
+
+				// THREE.Quaternion
+				const x1 = params[ i1 * 4 + 0 ];
+				const x2 = params[ i1 * 4 + 1 ];
+				const y1 = params[ i1 * 4 + 2 ];
+				const y2 = params[ i1 * 4 + 3 ];
+
+				const ratio = this._calculate( x1, x2, y1, y2, weight1 );
+
+				THREE.Quaternion.slerpFlat( result, 0, values, offset0, values, offset1, ratio );
+
+			} else if ( stride === 3 ) {
+
+				// THREE.Vector3
+				for ( let i = 0; i !== stride; ++ i ) {
+
+					const x1 = params[ i1 * 12 + i * 4 + 0 ];
+					const x2 = params[ i1 * 12 + i * 4 + 1 ];
+					const y1 = params[ i1 * 12 + i * 4 + 2 ];
+					const y2 = params[ i1 * 12 + i * 4 + 3 ];
+
+					const ratio = this._calculate( x1, x2, y1, y2, weight1 );
+
+					result[ i ] = values[ offset0 + i ] * ( 1 - ratio ) + values[ offset1 + i ] * ratio;
+
+				}
+
+			} else {
+
+				// Number
+				const x1 = params[ i1 * 4 + 0 ];
+				const x2 = params[ i1 * 4 + 1 ];
+				const y1 = params[ i1 * 4 + 2 ];
+				const y2 = params[ i1 * 4 + 3 ];
+
+				const ratio = this._calculate( x1, x2, y1, y2, weight1 );
+
+				result[ 0 ] = values[ offset0 ] * ( 1 - ratio ) + values[ offset1 ] * ratio;
+
+			}
+
+			return result;
+
+		}
+
+		_calculate( x1, x2, y1, y2, x ) {
+
+			/*
+    	 * Cubic Bezier curves
+    	 *   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve#Cubic_B.C3.A9zier_curves
+    	 *
+    	 * B(t) = ( 1 - t ) ^ 3 * P0
+    	 *      + 3 * ( 1 - t ) ^ 2 * t * P1
+    	 *      + 3 * ( 1 - t ) * t^2 * P2
+    	 *      + t ^ 3 * P3
+    	 *      ( 0 <= t <= 1 )
+    	 *
+    	 * MMD uses Cubic Bezier curves for bone and camera animation interpolation.
+    	 *   http://d.hatena.ne.jp/edvakf/20111016/1318716097
+    	 *
+    	 *    x = ( 1 - t ) ^ 3 * x0
+    	 *      + 3 * ( 1 - t ) ^ 2 * t * x1
+    	 *      + 3 * ( 1 - t ) * t^2 * x2
+    	 *      + t ^ 3 * x3
+    	 *    y = ( 1 - t ) ^ 3 * y0
+    	 *      + 3 * ( 1 - t ) ^ 2 * t * y1
+    	 *      + 3 * ( 1 - t ) * t^2 * y2
+    	 *      + t ^ 3 * y3
+    	 *      ( x0 = 0, y0 = 0 )
+    	 *      ( x3 = 1, y3 = 1 )
+    	 *      ( 0 <= t, x1, x2, y1, y2 <= 1 )
+    	 *
+    	 * Here solves this equation with Bisection method,
+    	 *   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisection_method
+    	 * gets t, and then calculate y.
+    	 *
+    	 * f(t) = 3 * ( 1 - t ) ^ 2 * t * x1
+    	 *      + 3 * ( 1 - t ) * t^2 * x2
+    	 *      + t ^ 3 - x = 0
+    	 *
+    	 * (Another option: Newton's method
+    	 *    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_method)
+    	 */
+			let c = 0.5;
+			let t = c;
+			let s = 1.0 - t;
+			const loop = 15;
+			const eps = 1e-5;
+			const math = Math;
+			let sst3, stt3, ttt;
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < loop; i ++ ) {
+
+				sst3 = 3.0 * s * s * t;
+				stt3 = 3.0 * s * t * t;
+				ttt = t * t * t;
+				const ft = sst3 * x1 + stt3 * x2 + ttt - x;
+				if ( math.abs( ft ) < eps ) break;
+				c /= 2.0;
+				t += ft < 0 ? c : - c;
+				s = 1.0 - t;
+
+			}
+
+			return sst3 * y1 + stt3 * y2 + ttt;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	class MMDToonMaterial extends THREE.ShaderMaterial {
+
+		constructor( parameters ) {
+
+			super();
+			this.isMMDToonMaterial = true;
+			this._matcapCombine = THREE.AddOperation;
+			this.emissiveIntensity = 1.0;
+			this.normalMapType = THREE.TangentSpaceNormalMap;
+			this.combine = THREE.MultiplyOperation;
+			this.wireframeLinecap = 'round';
+			this.wireframeLinejoin = 'round';
+			this.flatShading = false;
+			this.lights = true;
+			this.vertexShader = THREE.MMDToonShader.vertexShader;
+			this.fragmentShader = THREE.MMDToonShader.fragmentShader;
+			this.defines = Object.assign( {}, THREE.MMDToonShader.defines );
+			Object.defineProperty( this, 'matcapCombine', {
+				get: function () {
+
+					return this._matcapCombine;
+
+				},
+				set: function ( value ) {
+
+					this._matcapCombine = value;
+
+					switch ( value ) {
+
+						case THREE.MultiplyOperation:
+							this.defines.MATCAP_BLENDING_MULTIPLY = true;
+							delete this.defines.MATCAP_BLENDING_ADD;
+							break;
+
+						default:
+						case THREE.AddOperation:
+							this.defines.MATCAP_BLENDING_ADD = true;
+							delete this.defines.MATCAP_BLENDING_MULTIPLY;
+							break;
+
+					}
+
+				}
+			} );
+			this.uniforms = THREE.UniformsUtils.clone( THREE.MMDToonShader.uniforms ); // merged from MeshToon/Phong/MatcapMaterial
+
+			const exposePropertyNames = [ 'specular', 'opacity', 'diffuse', 'map', 'matcap', 'gradientMap', 'lightMap', 'lightMapIntensity', 'aoMap', 'aoMapIntensity', 'emissive', 'emissiveMap', 'bumpMap', 'bumpScale', 'normalMap', 'normalScale', 'displacemantBias', 'displacemantMap', 'displacemantScale', 'specularMap', 'alphaMap', 'envMap', 'reflectivity', 'refractionRatio' ];
+
+			for ( const propertyName of exposePropertyNames ) {
+
+				Object.defineProperty( this, propertyName, {
+					get: function () {
+
+						return this.uniforms[ propertyName ].value;
+
+					},
+					set: function ( value ) {
+
+						this.uniforms[ propertyName ].value = value;
+
+					}
+				} );
+
+			} // Special path for shininess to handle zero shininess properly
+
+
+			this._shininess = 30;
+			Object.defineProperty( this, 'shininess', {
+				get: function () {
+
+					return this._shininess;
+
+				},
+				set: function ( value ) {
+
+					this._shininess = value;
+					this.uniforms.shininess.value = Math.max( this._shininess, 1e-4 ); // To prevent pow( 0.0, 0.0 )
+
+				}
+			} );
+			Object.defineProperty( this, 'color', Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor( this, 'diffuse' ) );
+			this.setValues( parameters );
+
+		}
+
+		copy( source ) {
+
+			super.copy( source );
+			this.matcapCombine = source.matcapCombine;
+			this.emissiveIntensity = source.emissiveIntensity;
+			this.normalMapType = source.normalMapType;
+			this.combine = source.combine;
+			this.wireframeLinecap = source.wireframeLinecap;
+			this.wireframeLinejoin = source.wireframeLinejoin;
+			this.flatShading = source.flatShading;
+			return this;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	THREE.MMDLoader = MMDLoader;
+
+} )();