cesium 0.13.0

data/app/assets/javascripts/Core/Matrix4.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2164 @@
+/*global define*/
+define([
+        './Cartesian3',
+        './Cartesian4',
+        './defaultValue',
+        './DeveloperError',
+        './freezeObject',
+        './Math',
+        './Matrix3',
+        './RuntimeError'
+    ], function(
+        Cartesian3,
+        Cartesian4,
+        defaultValue,
+        DeveloperError,
+        freezeObject,
+        CesiumMath,
+        Matrix3,
+        RuntimeError) {
+    "use strict";
+
+    /**
+     * A 4x4 matrix, indexable as a column-major order array.
+     * Constructor parameters are in row-major order for code readability.
+     * @alias Matrix4
+     * @constructor
+     *
+     * @param {Number} [column0Row0=0.0] The value for column 0, row 0.
+     * @param {Number} [column1Row0=0.0] The value for column 1, row 0.
+     * @param {Number} [column2Row0=0.0] The value for column 2, row 0.
+     * @param {Number} [column3Row0=0.0] The value for column 3, row 0.
+     * @param {Number} [column0Row1=0.0] The value for column 0, row 1.
+     * @param {Number} [column1Row1=0.0] The value for column 1, row 1.
+     * @param {Number} [column2Row1=0.0] The value for column 2, row 1.
+     * @param {Number} [column3Row1=0.0] The value for column 3, row 1.
+     * @param {Number} [column0Row2=0.0] The value for column 0, row 2.
+     * @param {Number} [column1Row2=0.0] The value for column 1, row 2.
+     * @param {Number} [column2Row2=0.0] The value for column 2, row 2.
+     * @param {Number} [column3Row2=0.0] The value for column 3, row 2.
+     * @param {Number} [column0Row3=0.0] The value for column 0, row 3.
+     * @param {Number} [column1Row3=0.0] The value for column 1, row 3.
+     * @param {Number} [column2Row3=0.0] The value for column 2, row 3.
+     * @param {Number} [column3Row3=0.0] The value for column 3, row 3.
+     *
+     * @see Matrix4.fromColumnMajorArray
+     * @see Matrix4.fromRowMajorArray
+     * @see Matrix4.fromRotationTranslation
+     * @see Matrix4.fromTranslation
+     * @see Matrix4.fromScale
+     * @see Matrix4.fromUniformScale
+     * @see Matrix4.fromCamera
+     * @see Matrix4.computePerspectiveFieldOfView
+     * @see Matrix4.computeOrthographicOffCenter
+     * @see Matrix4.computePerspectiveOffCenter
+     * @see Matrix4.computeInfinitePerspectiveOffCenter
+     * @see Matrix4.computeViewportTransformation
+     * @see Matrix2
+     * @see Matrix3
+     */
+    var Matrix4 = function(column0Row0, column1Row0, column2Row0, column3Row0,
+                           column0Row1, column1Row1, column2Row1, column3Row1,
+                           column0Row2, column1Row2, column2Row2, column3Row2,
+                           column0Row3, column1Row3, column2Row3, column3Row3) {
+        this[0] = defaultValue(column0Row0, 0.0);
+        this[1] = defaultValue(column0Row1, 0.0);
+        this[2] = defaultValue(column0Row2, 0.0);
+        this[3] = defaultValue(column0Row3, 0.0);
+        this[4] = defaultValue(column1Row0, 0.0);
+        this[5] = defaultValue(column1Row1, 0.0);
+        this[6] = defaultValue(column1Row2, 0.0);
+        this[7] = defaultValue(column1Row3, 0.0);
+        this[8] = defaultValue(column2Row0, 0.0);
+        this[9] = defaultValue(column2Row1, 0.0);
+        this[10] = defaultValue(column2Row2, 0.0);
+        this[11] = defaultValue(column2Row3, 0.0);
+        this[12] = defaultValue(column3Row0, 0.0);
+        this[13] = defaultValue(column3Row1, 0.0);
+        this[14] = defaultValue(column3Row2, 0.0);
+        this[15] = defaultValue(column3Row3, 0.0);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Duplicates a Matrix4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to duplicate.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.clone = function(values, result) {
+        if (typeof values === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('values is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(values[0], values[4], values[8], values[12],
+                               values[1], values[5], values[9], values[13],
+                               values[2], values[6], values[10], values[14],
+                               values[3], values[7], values[11], values[15]);
+        }
+        result[0] = values[0];
+        result[1] = values[1];
+        result[2] = values[2];
+        result[3] = values[3];
+        result[4] = values[4];
+        result[5] = values[5];
+        result[6] = values[6];
+        result[7] = values[7];
+        result[8] = values[8];
+        result[9] = values[9];
+        result[10] = values[10];
+        result[11] = values[11];
+        result[12] = values[12];
+        result[13] = values[13];
+        result[14] = values[14];
+        result[15] = values[15];
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a Matrix4 instance from a column-major order array.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     * @function
+     *
+     * @param {Array} values The column-major order array.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+     * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} values is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.fromColumnMajorArray = Matrix4.clone;
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a Matrix4 instance from a row-major order array.
+     * The resulting matrix will be in column-major order.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Array} values The row-major order array.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+     * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} values is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.fromRowMajorArray = function(values, result) {
+        if (typeof values === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('values is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(values[0], values[1], values[2], values[3],
+                               values[4], values[5], values[6], values[7],
+                               values[8], values[9], values[10], values[11],
+                               values[12], values[13], values[14], values[15]);
+        }
+        result[0] = values[0];
+        result[1] = values[4];
+        result[2] = values[8];
+        result[3] = values[12];
+        result[4] = values[1];
+        result[5] = values[5];
+        result[6] = values[9];
+        result[7] = values[13];
+        result[8] = values[2];
+        result[9] = values[6];
+        result[10] = values[10];
+        result[11] = values[14];
+        result[12] = values[3];
+        result[13] = values[7];
+        result[14] = values[11];
+        result[15] = values[15];
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a Matrix4 instance from a Matrix3 representing the rotation
+     * and a Cartesian3 representing the translation.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix3} rotation The upper left portion of the matrix representing the rotation.
+     * @param {Cartesian3} translation The upper right portion of the matrix representing the translation.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+     * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} rotation is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} translation is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.fromRotationTranslation = function(rotation, translation, result) {
+        if (typeof rotation === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('rotation is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof translation === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('translation is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(rotation[0], rotation[3], rotation[6], translation.x,
+                               rotation[1], rotation[4], rotation[7], translation.y,
+                               rotation[2], rotation[5], rotation[8], translation.z,
+                                       0.0,         0.0,         0.0,           1.0);
+        }
+
+        result[0] = rotation[0];
+        result[1] = rotation[1];
+        result[2] = rotation[2];
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = rotation[3];
+        result[5] = rotation[4];
+        result[6] = rotation[5];
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = rotation[6];
+        result[9] = rotation[7];
+        result[10] = rotation[8];
+        result[11] = 0.0;
+        result[12] = translation.x;
+        result[13] = translation.y;
+        result[14] = translation.z;
+        result[15] = 1.0;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Matrix4 instance from a Cartesian3 representing the translation.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Cartesian3} translation The upper right portion of the matrix representing the translation.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+     * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @see Matrix4.multiplyByTranslation
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} translation is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.fromTranslation = function(translation, result) {
+        return Matrix4.fromRotationTranslation(Matrix3.IDENTITY, translation, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a Matrix4 instance representing a non-uniform scale.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Cartesian3} scale The x, y, and z scale factors.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+     * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} scale is required.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * // Creates
+     * //   [7.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+     * //   [0.0, 8.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+     * //   [0.0, 0.0, 9.0, 0.0]
+     * //   [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]
+     * var m = Matrix4.fromScale(new Cartesian3(7.0, 8.0, 9.0));
+     */
+    Matrix4.fromScale = function(scale, result) {
+        if (typeof scale === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('scale is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(
+                scale.x, 0.0,     0.0,     0.0,
+                0.0,     scale.y, 0.0,     0.0,
+                0.0,     0.0,     scale.z, 0.0,
+                0.0,     0.0,     0.0,     1.0);
+        }
+
+        result[0] = scale.x;
+        result[1] = 0.0;
+        result[2] = 0.0;
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = 0.0;
+        result[5] = scale.y;
+        result[6] = 0.0;
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = 0.0;
+        result[9] = 0.0;
+        result[10] = scale.z;
+        result[11] = 0.0;
+        result[12] = 0.0;
+        result[13] = 0.0;
+        result[14] = 0.0;
+        result[15] = 1.0;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a Matrix4 instance representing a uniform scale.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Number} scale The uniform scale factor.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+     * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} scale is required.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * // Creates
+     * //   [2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+     * //   [0.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+     * //   [0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0]
+     * //   [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]
+     * var m = Matrix4.fromScale(2.0);
+     */
+    Matrix4.fromUniformScale = function(scale, result) {
+        if (typeof scale !== 'number') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('scale is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(scale, 0.0,   0.0,   0.0,
+                               0.0,   scale, 0.0,   0.0,
+                               0.0,   0.0,   scale, 0.0,
+                               0.0,   0.0,   0.0,   1.0);
+        }
+
+        result[0] = scale;
+        result[1] = 0.0;
+        result[2] = 0.0;
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = 0.0;
+        result[5] = scale;
+        result[6] = 0.0;
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = 0.0;
+        result[9] = 0.0;
+        result[10] = scale;
+        result[11] = 0.0;
+        result[12] = 0.0;
+        result[13] = 0.0;
+        result[14] = 0.0;
+        result[15] = 1.0;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    var fromCameraF = new Cartesian3();
+    var fromCameraS = new Cartesian3();
+    var fromCameraU = new Cartesian3();
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a Matrix4 instance from a Camera.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Camera} camera The camera to use.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+     * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} camera is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} camera.eye is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} camera.target is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} camera.up is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.fromCamera = function(camera, result) {
+        if (typeof camera === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('camera is required.');
+        }
+
+        var eye = camera.eye;
+        var target = camera.target;
+        var up = camera.up;
+
+        if (typeof eye === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('camera.eye is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof target === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('camera.target is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof up === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('camera.up is required.');
+        }
+
+        Cartesian3.subtract(target, eye, fromCameraF).normalize(fromCameraF);
+        Cartesian3.cross(fromCameraF, up, fromCameraS).normalize(fromCameraS);
+        Cartesian3.cross(fromCameraS, fromCameraF, fromCameraU).normalize(fromCameraU);
+
+        var sX = fromCameraS.x;
+        var sY = fromCameraS.y;
+        var sZ = fromCameraS.z;
+        var fX = fromCameraF.x;
+        var fY = fromCameraF.y;
+        var fZ = fromCameraF.z;
+        var uX = fromCameraU.x;
+        var uY = fromCameraU.y;
+        var uZ = fromCameraU.z;
+        var eyeX = eye.x;
+        var eyeY = eye.y;
+        var eyeZ = eye.z;
+        var t0 = sX * -eyeX + sY * -eyeY+ sZ * -eyeZ;
+        var t1 = uX * -eyeX + uY * -eyeY+ uZ * -eyeZ;
+        var t2 = fX * eyeX + fY * eyeY + fZ * eyeZ;
+
+        //The code below this comment is an optimized
+        //version of the commented lines.
+        //Rather that create two matrices and then multiply,
+        //we just bake in the multiplcation as part of creation.
+        //var rotation = new Matrix4(
+        //                sX,  sY,  sZ, 0.0,
+        //                uX,  uY,  uZ, 0.0,
+        //               -fX, -fY, -fZ, 0.0,
+        //                0.0,  0.0,  0.0, 1.0);
+        //var translation = new Matrix4(
+        //                1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -eye.x,
+        //                0.0, 1.0, 0.0, -eye.y,
+        //                0.0, 0.0, 1.0, -eye.z,
+        //                0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+        //return rotation.multiply(translation);
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(
+                    sX,   sY,  sZ, t0,
+                    uX,   uY,  uZ, t1,
+                   -fX,  -fY, -fZ, t2,
+                    0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+        }
+        result[0] = sX;
+        result[1] = uX;
+        result[2] = -fX;
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = sY;
+        result[5] = uY;
+        result[6] = -fY;
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = sZ;
+        result[9] = uZ;
+        result[10] = -fZ;
+        result[11] = 0.0;
+        result[12] = t0;
+        result[13] = t1;
+        result[14] = t2;
+        result[15] = 1.0;
+        return result;
+
+    };
+
+     /**
+      * Computes a Matrix4 instance representing a perspective transformation matrix.
+      * @memberof Matrix4
+      *
+      * @param {Number} fovY The field of view along the Y axis in radians.
+      * @param {Number} aspectRatio The aspect ratio.
+      * @param {Number} near The distance to the near plane in meters.
+      * @param {Number} far The distance to the far plane in meters.
+      * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+      * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+      *
+      * @exception {DeveloperError} fovY must be in [0, PI).
+      * @exception {DeveloperError} aspectRatio must be greater than zero.
+      * @exception {DeveloperError} near must be greater than zero.
+      * @exception {DeveloperError} far must be greater than zero.
+      */
+    Matrix4.computePerspectiveFieldOfView = function(fovY, aspectRatio, near, far, result) {
+        if (fovY <= 0.0 || fovY > Math.PI) {
+            throw new DeveloperError('fovY must be in [0, PI).');
+        }
+
+        if (aspectRatio <= 0.0) {
+            throw new DeveloperError('aspectRatio must be greater than zero.');
+        }
+
+        if (near <= 0.0) {
+            throw new DeveloperError('near must be greater than zero.');
+        }
+
+        if (far <= 0.0) {
+            throw new DeveloperError('far must be greater than zero.');
+        }
+
+        var bottom = Math.tan(fovY * 0.5);
+
+        var column1Row1 = 1.0 / bottom;
+        var column0Row0 = column1Row1 / aspectRatio;
+        var column2Row2 = (far + near) / (near - far);
+        var column3Row2 = (2.0 * far * near) / (near - far);
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(column0Row0,         0.0,         0.0,         0.0,
+                                       0.0, column1Row1,         0.0,         0.0,
+                                       0.0,         0.0, column2Row2, column3Row2,
+                                       0.0,         0.0,        -1.0,         0.0);
+         }
+
+        result[0] = column0Row0;
+        result[1] = 0.0;
+        result[2] = 0.0;
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = 0.0;
+        result[5] = column1Row1;
+        result[6] = 0.0;
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = 0.0;
+        result[9] = 0.0;
+        result[10] = column2Row2;
+        result[11] = -1.0;
+        result[12] = 0.0;
+        result[13] = 0.0;
+        result[14] = column3Row2;
+        result[15] = 0.0;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+    * Computes a Matrix4 instance representing an orthographic transformation matrix.
+    * @memberof Matrix4
+    *
+    * @param {Number} left The number of meters to the left of the camera that will be in view.
+    * @param {Number} right The number of meters to the right of the camera that will be in view.
+    * @param {Number} bottom The number of meters below of the camera that will be in view.
+    * @param {Number} top The number of meters above of the camera that will be in view.
+    * @param {Number} near The distance to the near plane in meters.
+    * @param {Number} far The distance to the far plane in meters.
+    * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+    * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+    *
+    * @exception {DeveloperError} left is required.
+    * @exception {DeveloperError} right is required.
+    * @exception {DeveloperError} bottom is required.
+    * @exception {DeveloperError} top is required.
+    * @exception {DeveloperError} near is required.
+    * @exception {DeveloperError} far is required.
+    */
+    Matrix4.computeOrthographicOffCenter = function(left, right, bottom, top, near, far, result) {
+        if (typeof left === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('left is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof right === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('right is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof bottom === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('bottom is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof top === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('top is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof near === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('near is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof far === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('far is required.');
+        }
+
+        var a = 1.0 / (right - left);
+        var b = 1.0 / (top - bottom);
+        var c = 1.0 / (far - near);
+
+        var tx = -(right + left) * a;
+        var ty = -(top + bottom) * b;
+        var tz = -(far + near) * c;
+        a *= 2.0;
+        b *= 2.0;
+        c *= -2.0;
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(  a, 0.0, 0.0, tx,
+                               0.0,   b, 0.0, ty,
+                               0.0, 0.0,   c, tz,
+                               0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+        }
+
+        result[0] = a;
+        result[1] = 0.0;
+        result[2] = 0.0;
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = 0.0;
+        result[5] = b;
+        result[6] = 0.0;
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = 0.0;
+        result[9] = 0.0;
+        result[10] = c;
+        result[11] = 0.0;
+        result[12] = tx;
+        result[13] = ty;
+        result[14] = tz;
+        result[15] = 1.0;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a Matrix4 instance representing an off center perspective transformation.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Number} left The number of meters to the left of the camera that will be in view.
+     * @param {Number} right The number of meters to the right of the camera that will be in view.
+     * @param {Number} bottom The number of meters below of the camera that will be in view.
+     * @param {Number} top The number of meters above of the camera that will be in view.
+     * @param {Number} near The distance to the near plane in meters.
+     * @param {Number} far The distance to the far plane in meters.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+     * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} left is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} right is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} bottom is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} top is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} near is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} far is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.computePerspectiveOffCenter = function(left, right, bottom, top, near, far, result) {
+        if (typeof left === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('left is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof right === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('right is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof bottom === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('bottom is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof top === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('top is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof near === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('near is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof far === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('far is required.');
+        }
+
+        var column0Row0 = 2.0 * near / (right - left);
+        var column1Row1 = 2.0 * near / (top - bottom);
+        var column2Row0 = (right + left) / (right - left);
+        var column2Row1 = (top + bottom) / (top - bottom);
+        var column2Row2 = -(far + near) / (far - near);
+        var column2Row3 = -1.0;
+        var column3Row2 = -2.0 * far * near / (far - near);
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(column0Row0, 0.0,         column2Row0, 0.0,
+                                       0.0, column1Row1, column2Row1, 0.0,
+                                       0.0, 0.0,         column2Row2, column3Row2,
+                                       0.0, 0.0,         column2Row3, 0.0);
+        }
+
+        result[0] = column0Row0;
+        result[1] = 0.0;
+        result[2] = 0.0;
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = 0.0;
+        result[5] = column1Row1;
+        result[6] = 0.0;
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = column2Row0;
+        result[9] = column2Row1;
+        result[10] = column2Row2;
+        result[11] = column2Row3;
+        result[12] = 0.0;
+        result[13] = 0.0;
+        result[14] = column3Row2;
+        result[15] = 0.0;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a Matrix4 instance representing an infinite off center perspective transformation.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Number} left The number of meters to the left of the camera that will be in view.
+     * @param {Number} right The number of meters to the right of the camera that will be in view.
+     * @param {Number} bottom The number of meters below of the camera that will be in view.
+     * @param {Number} top The number of meters above of the camera that will be in view.
+     * @param {Number} near The distance to the near plane in meters.
+     * @param {Number} far The distance to the far plane in meters.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+     * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} left is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} right is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} bottom is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} top is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} near is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.computeInfinitePerspectiveOffCenter = function(left, right, bottom, top, near, result) {
+        if (typeof left === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('left is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof right === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('right is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof bottom === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('bottom is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof top === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('top is required.');
+        }
+        if (typeof near === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('near is required.');
+        }
+
+        var column0Row0 = 2.0 * near / (right - left);
+        var column1Row1 = 2.0 * near / (top - bottom);
+        var column2Row0 = (right + left) / (right - left);
+        var column2Row1 = (top + bottom) / (top - bottom);
+        var column2Row2 = -1.0;
+        var column2Row3 = -1.0;
+        var column3Row2 = -2.0 * near;
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(column0Row0, 0.0,         column2Row0, 0.0,
+                                       0.0, column1Row1, column2Row1, 0.0,
+                                       0.0, 0.0,         column2Row2, column3Row2,
+                                       0.0, 0.0,         column2Row3, 0.0);
+        }
+
+        result[0] = column0Row0;
+        result[1] = 0.0;
+        result[2] = 0.0;
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = 0.0;
+        result[5] = column1Row1;
+        result[6] = 0.0;
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = column2Row0;
+        result[9] = column2Row1;
+        result[10] = column2Row2;
+        result[11] = column2Row3;
+        result[12] = 0.0;
+        result[13] = 0.0;
+        result[14] = column3Row2;
+        result[15] = 0.0;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    var EMPTY_OBJECT = {};
+    /**
+     * Computes a Matrix4 instance that transforms from normalized device coordinates to window coordinates.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Object}[viewport = { x : 0.0, y : 0.0, width : 0.0, height : 0.0 }] The viewport's corners as shown in Example 1.
+     * @param {Number}[nearDepthRange = 0.0] The near plane distance in window coordinates.
+     * @param {Number}[farDepthRange = 1.0] The far plane distance in window coordinates.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+     * @returns The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @see czm_viewportTransformation
+     * @see Context#getViewport
+     *
+     * @example
+     * // Example 1.  Create viewport transformation using an explicit viewport and depth range.
+     * var m = Matrix4.computeViewportTransformation({
+     *     x : 0.0,
+     *     y : 0.0,
+     *     width : 1024.0,
+     *     height : 768.0
+     * }, 0.0, 1.0);
+     *
+     * // Example 2.  Create viewport transformation using the context's viewport.
+     * var m = Matrix4.computeViewportTransformation(context.getViewport());
+     */
+    Matrix4.computeViewportTransformation = function(viewport, nearDepthRange, farDepthRange, result) {
+        viewport = defaultValue(viewport, EMPTY_OBJECT);
+        var x = defaultValue(viewport.x, 0.0);
+        var y = defaultValue(viewport.y, 0.0);
+        var width = defaultValue(viewport.width, 0.0);
+        var height = defaultValue(viewport.height, 0.0);
+        nearDepthRange = defaultValue(nearDepthRange, 0.0);
+        farDepthRange = defaultValue(farDepthRange, 1.0);
+
+        var halfWidth = width * 0.5;
+        var halfHeight = height * 0.5;
+        var halfDepth = (farDepthRange - nearDepthRange) * 0.5;
+
+        var column0Row0 = halfWidth;
+        var column1Row1 = halfHeight;
+        var column2Row2 = halfDepth;
+        var column3Row0 = x + halfWidth;
+        var column3Row1 = y + halfHeight;
+        var column3Row2 = nearDepthRange + halfDepth;
+        var column3Row3 = 1.0;
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(column0Row0, 0.0,         0.0,         column3Row0,
+                               0.0,         column1Row1, 0.0,         column3Row1,
+                               0.0,         0.0,         column2Row2, column3Row2,
+                               0.0,         0.0,         0.0,         column3Row3);
+        }
+        result[0] = column0Row0;
+        result[1] = 0.0;
+        result[2] = 0.0;
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = 0.0;
+        result[5] = column1Row1;
+        result[6] = 0.0;
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = 0.0;
+        result[9] = 0.0;
+        result[10] = column2Row2;
+        result[11] = 0.0;
+        result[12] = column3Row0;
+        result[13] = column3Row1;
+        result[14] = column3Row2;
+        result[15] = column3Row3;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes an Array from the provided Matrix4 instance.
+     * The array will be in column-major order.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to use..
+     * @param {Array} [result] The Array onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Array} The modified Array parameter or a new Array instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.toArray = function(matrix, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return [matrix[0], matrix[1], matrix[2], matrix[3],
+                    matrix[4], matrix[5], matrix[6], matrix[7],
+                    matrix[8], matrix[9], matrix[10], matrix[11],
+                    matrix[12], matrix[13], matrix[14], matrix[15]];
+        }
+        result[0] = matrix[0];
+        result[1] = matrix[1];
+        result[2] = matrix[2];
+        result[3] = matrix[3];
+        result[4] = matrix[4];
+        result[5] = matrix[5];
+        result[6] = matrix[6];
+        result[7] = matrix[7];
+        result[8] = matrix[8];
+        result[9] = matrix[9];
+        result[10] = matrix[10];
+        result[11] = matrix[11];
+        result[12] = matrix[12];
+        result[13] = matrix[13];
+        result[14] = matrix[14];
+        result[15] = matrix[15];
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the array index of the element at the provided row and column.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Number} row The zero-based index of the row.
+     * @param {Number} column The zero-based index of the column.
+     * @return {Number} The index of the element at the provided row and column.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} row is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} column is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * var myMatrix = new Matrix4();
+     * var column1Row0Index = Matrix4.getElementIndex(1, 0);
+     * var column1Row0 = myMatrix[column1Row0Index]
+     * myMatrix[column1Row0Index] = 10.0;
+     */
+    Matrix4.getElementIndex = function(column, row) {
+        if (typeof row !== 'number' || row < 0 || row > 3) {
+            throw new DeveloperError('row is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.');
+        }
+        if (typeof column !== 'number' || column < 0 || column > 3) {
+            throw new DeveloperError('column is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.');
+        }
+        return column * 4 + row;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a copy of the matrix column at the provided index as a Cartesian4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to use.
+     * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the column to retrieve.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Cartesian4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
+     *
+     * @see Cartesian4
+     */
+    Matrix4.getColumn = function(matrix, index, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required.');
+        }
+
+        if (typeof index !== 'number' || index < 0 || index > 3) {
+            throw new DeveloperError('index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.');
+        }
+
+        var startIndex = index * 4;
+        var x = matrix[startIndex];
+        var y = matrix[startIndex + 1];
+        var z = matrix[startIndex + 2];
+        var w = matrix[startIndex + 3];
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Cartesian4(x, y, z, w);
+        }
+        result.x = x;
+        result.y = y;
+        result.z = z;
+        result.w = w;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a new matrix that replaces the specified column in the provided matrix with the provided Cartesian4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to use.
+     * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the column to set.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} cartesian The Cartesian whose values will be assigned to the specified column.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} cartesian is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
+     *
+     * @see Cartesian4
+     */
+    Matrix4.setColumn = function(matrix, index, cartesian, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof cartesian === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('cartesian is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof index !== 'number' || index < 0 || index > 3) {
+            throw new DeveloperError('index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.');
+        }
+        result = Matrix4.clone(matrix, result);
+        var startIndex = index * 4;
+        result[startIndex] = cartesian.x;
+        result[startIndex + 1] = cartesian.y;
+        result[startIndex + 2] = cartesian.z;
+        result[startIndex + 3] = cartesian.w;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a copy of the matrix row at the provided index as a Cartesian4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to use.
+     * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the row to retrieve.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Cartesian4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
+     *
+     * @see Cartesian4
+     */
+    Matrix4.getRow = function(matrix, index, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required.');
+        }
+
+        if (typeof index !== 'number' || index < 0 || index > 3) {
+            throw new DeveloperError('index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.');
+        }
+
+        var x = matrix[index];
+        var y = matrix[index + 4];
+        var z = matrix[index + 8];
+        var w = matrix[index + 12];
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Cartesian4(x, y, z, w);
+        }
+        result.x = x;
+        result.y = y;
+        result.z = z;
+        result.w = w;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a new matrix that replaces the specified row in the provided matrix with the provided Cartesian4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to use.
+     * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the row to set.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} cartesian The Cartesian whose values will be assigned to the specified row.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} cartesian is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
+     *
+     * @see Cartesian4
+     */
+    Matrix4.setRow = function(matrix, index, cartesian, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof cartesian === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('cartesian is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof index !== 'number' || index < 0 || index > 3) {
+            throw new DeveloperError('index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.');
+        }
+
+        result = Matrix4.clone(matrix, result);
+        result[index] = cartesian.x;
+        result[index + 4] = cartesian.y;
+        result[index + 8] = cartesian.z;
+        result[index + 12] = cartesian.w;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the product of two matrices.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} left The first matrix.
+     * @param {Matrix4} right The second matrix.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} left is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} right is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.multiply = function(left, right, result) {
+        if (typeof left === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('left is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof right === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('right is required');
+        }
+
+        var left0 = left[0];
+        var left1 = left[1];
+        var left2 = left[2];
+        var left3 = left[3];
+        var left4 = left[4];
+        var left5 = left[5];
+        var left6 = left[6];
+        var left7 = left[7];
+        var left8 = left[8];
+        var left9 = left[9];
+        var left10 = left[10];
+        var left11 = left[11];
+        var left12 = left[12];
+        var left13 = left[13];
+        var left14 = left[14];
+        var left15 = left[15];
+
+        var right0 = right[0];
+        var right1 = right[1];
+        var right2 = right[2];
+        var right3 = right[3];
+        var right4 = right[4];
+        var right5 = right[5];
+        var right6 = right[6];
+        var right7 = right[7];
+        var right8 = right[8];
+        var right9 = right[9];
+        var right10 = right[10];
+        var right11 = right[11];
+        var right12 = right[12];
+        var right13 = right[13];
+        var right14 = right[14];
+        var right15 = right[15];
+
+        var column0Row0 = left0 * right0 + left4 * right1 + left8 * right2 + left12 * right3;
+        var column0Row1 = left1 * right0 + left5 * right1 + left9 * right2 + left13 * right3;
+        var column0Row2 = left2 * right0 + left6 * right1 + left10 * right2 + left14 * right3;
+        var column0Row3 = left3 * right0 + left7 * right1 + left11 * right2 + left15 * right3;
+
+        var column1Row0 = left0 * right4 + left4 * right5 + left8 * right6 + left12 * right7;
+        var column1Row1 = left1 * right4 + left5 * right5 + left9 * right6 + left13 * right7;
+        var column1Row2 = left2 * right4 + left6 * right5 + left10 * right6 + left14 * right7;
+        var column1Row3 = left3 * right4 + left7 * right5 + left11 * right6 + left15 * right7;
+
+        var column2Row0 = left0 * right8 + left4 * right9 + left8 * right10 + left12 * right11;
+        var column2Row1 = left1 * right8 + left5 * right9 + left9 * right10 + left13 * right11;
+        var column2Row2 = left2 * right8 + left6 * right9 + left10 * right10 + left14 * right11;
+        var column2Row3 = left3 * right8 + left7 * right9 + left11 * right10 + left15 * right11;
+
+        var column3Row0 = left0 * right12 + left4 * right13 + left8 * right14 + left12 * right15;
+        var column3Row1 = left1 * right12 + left5 * right13 + left9 * right14 + left13 * right15;
+        var column3Row2 = left2 * right12 + left6 * right13 + left10 * right14 + left14 * right15;
+        var column3Row3 = left3 * right12 + left7 * right13 + left11 * right14 + left15 * right15;
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(column0Row0, column1Row0, column2Row0, column3Row0,
+                               column0Row1, column1Row1, column2Row1, column3Row1,
+                               column0Row2, column1Row2, column2Row2, column3Row2,
+                               column0Row3, column1Row3, column2Row3, column3Row3);
+        }
+        result[0] = column0Row0;
+        result[1] = column0Row1;
+        result[2] = column0Row2;
+        result[3] = column0Row3;
+        result[4] = column1Row0;
+        result[5] = column1Row1;
+        result[6] = column1Row2;
+        result[7] = column1Row3;
+        result[8] = column2Row0;
+        result[9] = column2Row1;
+        result[10] = column2Row2;
+        result[11] = column2Row3;
+        result[12] = column3Row0;
+        result[13] = column3Row1;
+        result[14] = column3Row2;
+        result[15] = column3Row3;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Multiplies a transformation matrix (with a bottom row of <code>[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]</code>)
+     * by an implicit translation matrix defined by a {@link Cartesian3}.  This is an optimization
+     * for <code>Matrix4.multiply(m, Matrix4.fromTranslation(position), m);</code> with less allocations and arithmetic operations.
+     *
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix on the left-hand side.
+     * @param {Cartesian3} translation The translation on the right-hand side.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     *
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} translation is required.
+     *
+     * @see Matrix4#fromTranslation
+     *
+     * @example
+     * // Instead of Matrix4.multiply(m, Matrix4.fromTranslation(position), m);
+     * Matrix4.multiplyByTranslation(m, position, m);
+     */
+    Matrix4.multiplyByTranslation = function(matrix, translation, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof translation === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('translation is required');
+        }
+
+        var x = translation.x;
+        var y = translation.y;
+        var z = translation.z;
+
+        var tx = (x * matrix[0]) + (y * matrix[4]) + (z * matrix[8]) + matrix[12];
+        var ty = (x * matrix[1]) + (y * matrix[5]) + (z * matrix[9]) + matrix[13];
+        var tz = (x * matrix[2]) + (y * matrix[6]) + (z * matrix[10]) + matrix[14];
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(matrix[0], matrix[4], matrix[8], tx,
+                               matrix[1], matrix[5], matrix[9], ty,
+                               matrix[2], matrix[6], matrix[10], tz,
+                               matrix[3], matrix[7], matrix[11], matrix[15]);
+        }
+
+        result[0] = matrix[0];
+        result[1] = matrix[1];
+        result[2] = matrix[2];
+        result[3] = matrix[3];
+        result[4] = matrix[4];
+        result[5] = matrix[5];
+        result[6] = matrix[6];
+        result[7] = matrix[7];
+        result[8] = matrix[8];
+        result[9] = matrix[9];
+        result[10] = matrix[10];
+        result[11] = matrix[11];
+        result[12] = tx;
+        result[13] = ty;
+        result[14] = tz;
+        result[15] = matrix[15];
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Multiplies a transformation matrix (with a bottom row of <code>[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]</code>)
+     * by an implicit uniform scale matrix.  This is an optimization
+     * for <code>Matrix4.multiply(m, Matrix4.fromScale(scale), m);</code> with less allocations and arithmetic operations.
+     *
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix on the left-hand side.
+     * @param {Number} scale The uniform scale on the right-hand side.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     *
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} scale is required.
+     *
+     * @see Matrix4#fromUniformScale
+     *
+     * @example
+     * // Instead of Matrix4.multiply(m, Matrix4.fromUniformScale(scale), m);
+     * Matrix4.multiplyByUniformScale(m, scale, m);
+     */
+    Matrix4.multiplyByUniformScale = function(matrix, scale, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof scale !== 'number') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('scale is required');
+        }
+
+        if (scale === 1.0) {
+            return Matrix4.clone(matrix, result);
+        }
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(
+                scale * matrix[0], scale * matrix[4], scale * matrix[8],  matrix[12],
+                scale * matrix[1], scale * matrix[5], scale * matrix[9],  matrix[13],
+                scale * matrix[2], scale * matrix[6], scale * matrix[10], matrix[14],
+                0.0,               0.0,               0.0,                1.0);
+        }
+
+        result[0] = scale * matrix[0];
+        result[1] = scale * matrix[1];
+        result[2] = scale * matrix[2];
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = scale * matrix[4];
+        result[5] = scale * matrix[5];
+        result[6] = scale * matrix[6];
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = scale * matrix[8];
+        result[9] = scale * matrix[9];
+        result[10] = scale * matrix[10];
+        result[11] = 0.0;
+        result[12] = matrix[12];
+        result[13] = matrix[13];
+        result[14] = matrix[14];
+        result[15] = 1.0;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the product of a matrix and a column vector.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} cartesian The vector.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Cartesian4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} cartesian is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.multiplyByVector = function(matrix, cartesian, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof cartesian === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('cartesian is required');
+        }
+
+        var vX = cartesian.x;
+        var vY = cartesian.y;
+        var vZ = cartesian.z;
+        var vW = cartesian.w;
+
+        var x = matrix[0] * vX + matrix[4] * vY + matrix[8] * vZ + matrix[12] * vW;
+        var y = matrix[1] * vX + matrix[5] * vY + matrix[9] * vZ + matrix[13] * vW;
+        var z = matrix[2] * vX + matrix[6] * vY + matrix[10] * vZ + matrix[14] * vW;
+        var w = matrix[3] * vX + matrix[7] * vY + matrix[11] * vZ + matrix[15] * vW;
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Cartesian4(x, y, z, w);
+        }
+        result.x = x;
+        result.y = y;
+        result.z = z;
+        result.w = w;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    var scratchPoint = new Cartesian4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the product of a matrix and a {@link Cartesian3}.  This is equivalent to calling {@link Matrix4.multiplyByVector}
+     * with a {@link Cartesian4} with a <code>w</code> component of one.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix.
+     * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The point.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Cartesian4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} cartesian is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * Cartesian3 p = new Cartesian3(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+     * Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(matrix, p, result);
+     * // A shortcut for
+     * //   Cartesian3 p = ...
+     * //   Matrix4.multiplyByVector(matrix, new Cartesian4(p.x, p.y, p.z, 1.0), result);
+     */
+    Matrix4.multiplyByPoint = function(matrix, cartesian, result) {
+        if (typeof cartesian === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('cartesian is required');
+        }
+
+        scratchPoint.x = cartesian.x;
+        scratchPoint.y = cartesian.y;
+        scratchPoint.z = cartesian.z;
+        // scratchPoint.w is one.  See above.
+
+        return Matrix4.multiplyByVector(matrix, scratchPoint, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the product of a matrix and a scalar.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix.
+     * @param {Number} scalar The number to multiply by.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} scalar is required and must be a number.
+     */
+    Matrix4.multiplyByScalar = function(matrix, scalar, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof scalar !== 'number') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('scalar is required and must be a number');
+        }
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(matrix[0] * scalar, matrix[4] * scalar, matrix[8] * scalar, matrix[12] * scalar,
+                               matrix[1] * scalar, matrix[5] * scalar, matrix[9] * scalar, matrix[13] * scalar,
+                               matrix[2] * scalar, matrix[6] * scalar, matrix[10] * scalar, matrix[14] * scalar,
+                               matrix[3] * scalar, matrix[7] * scalar, matrix[11] * scalar, matrix[15] * scalar);
+        }
+        result[0] = matrix[0] * scalar;
+        result[1] = matrix[1] * scalar;
+        result[2] = matrix[2] * scalar;
+        result[3] = matrix[3] * scalar;
+        result[4] = matrix[4] * scalar;
+        result[5] = matrix[5] * scalar;
+        result[6] = matrix[6] * scalar;
+        result[7] = matrix[7] * scalar;
+        result[8] = matrix[8] * scalar;
+        result[9] = matrix[9] * scalar;
+        result[10] = matrix[10] * scalar;
+        result[11] = matrix[11] * scalar;
+        result[12] = matrix[12] * scalar;
+        result[13] = matrix[13] * scalar;
+        result[14] = matrix[14] * scalar;
+        result[15] = matrix[15] * scalar;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a negated copy of the provided matrix.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to negate.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.negate = function(matrix, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(-matrix[0], -matrix[4], -matrix[8], -matrix[12],
+                               -matrix[1], -matrix[5], -matrix[9], -matrix[13],
+                               -matrix[2], -matrix[6], -matrix[10], -matrix[14],
+                               -matrix[3], -matrix[7], -matrix[11], -matrix[15]);
+        }
+        result[0] = -matrix[0];
+        result[1] = -matrix[1];
+        result[2] = -matrix[2];
+        result[3] = -matrix[3];
+        result[4] = -matrix[4];
+        result[5] = -matrix[5];
+        result[6] = -matrix[6];
+        result[7] = -matrix[7];
+        result[8] = -matrix[8];
+        result[9] = -matrix[9];
+        result[10] = -matrix[10];
+        result[11] = -matrix[11];
+        result[12] = -matrix[12];
+        result[13] = -matrix[13];
+        result[14] = -matrix[14];
+        result[15] = -matrix[15];
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the transpose of the provided matrix.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to transpose.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.transpose = function(matrix, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(matrix[0], matrix[1], matrix[2], matrix[3],
+                               matrix[4], matrix[5], matrix[6], matrix[7],
+                               matrix[8], matrix[9], matrix[10], matrix[11],
+                               matrix[12], matrix[13], matrix[14], matrix[15]);
+        }
+
+        var matrix1 = matrix[1];
+        var matrix2 = matrix[2];
+        var matrix3 = matrix[3];
+        var matrix6 = matrix[6];
+        var matrix7 = matrix[7];
+        var matrix11 = matrix[11];
+
+        result[0] = matrix[0];
+        result[1] = matrix[4];
+        result[2] = matrix[8];
+        result[3] = matrix[12];
+        result[4] = matrix1;
+        result[5] = matrix[5];
+        result[6] = matrix[9];
+        result[7] = matrix[13];
+        result[8] = matrix2;
+        result[9] = matrix6;
+        result[10] = matrix[10];
+        result[11] = matrix[14];
+        result[12] = matrix3;
+        result[13] = matrix7;
+        result[14] = matrix11;
+        result[15] = matrix[15];
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Compares the provided matrices componentwise and returns
+     * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} [left] The first matrix.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [right] The second matrix.
+     * @return {Boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     */
+    Matrix4.equals = function(left, right) {
+        return (left === right) ||
+               (typeof left !== 'undefined' &&
+                typeof right !== 'undefined' &&
+                left[0] === right[0] &&
+                left[1] === right[1] &&
+                left[2] === right[2] &&
+                left[3] === right[3] &&
+                left[4] === right[4] &&
+                left[5] === right[5] &&
+                left[6] === right[6] &&
+                left[7] === right[7] &&
+                left[8] === right[8] &&
+                left[9] === right[9] &&
+                left[10] === right[10] &&
+                left[11] === right[11] &&
+                left[12] === right[12] &&
+                left[13] === right[13] &&
+                left[14] === right[14] &&
+                left[15] === right[15]);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Compares the provided matrices componentwise and returns
+     * <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon,
+     * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} [left] The first matrix.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [right] The second matrix.
+     * @param {Number} epsilon The epsilon to use for equality testing.
+     * @return {Boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} epsilon is required and must be a number.
+     */
+    Matrix4.equalsEpsilon = function(left, right, epsilon) {
+        if (typeof epsilon !== 'number') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('epsilon is required and must be a number');
+        }
+
+        return (left === right) ||
+                (typeof left !== 'undefined' &&
+                typeof right !== 'undefined' &&
+                Math.abs(left[0] - right[0]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[1] - right[1]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[2] - right[2]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[3] - right[3]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[4] - right[4]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[5] - right[5]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[6] - right[6]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[7] - right[7]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[8] - right[8]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[9] - right[9]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[10] - right[10]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[11] - right[11]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[12] - right[12]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[13] - right[13]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[14] - right[14]) <= epsilon &&
+                Math.abs(left[15] - right[15]) <= epsilon);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the translation portion of the provided matrix, assuming the matrix is a affine transformation matrix.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to use.
+     * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     *
+     * @see Cartesian3
+     */
+    Matrix4.getTranslation = function(matrix, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Cartesian3(matrix[12], matrix[13], matrix[14]);
+        }
+        result.x = matrix[12];
+        result.y = matrix[13];
+        result.z = matrix[14];
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the upper left 3x3 rotation matrix of the provided matrix, assuming the matrix is a affine transformation matrix.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to use.
+     * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     *
+     * @see Matrix3
+     */
+     Matrix4.getRotation = function(matrix, result) {
+         if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+             throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+         }
+         if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+             return new Matrix3(matrix[0], matrix[4], matrix[8],
+                                matrix[1], matrix[5], matrix[9],
+                                matrix[2], matrix[6], matrix[10]);
+         }
+         result[0] = matrix[0];
+         result[1] = matrix[1];
+         result[2] = matrix[2];
+         result[3] = matrix[4];
+         result[4] = matrix[5];
+         result[5] = matrix[6];
+         result[6] = matrix[8];
+         result[7] = matrix[9];
+         result[8] = matrix[10];
+         return result;
+     };
+
+     /**
+      * Computes the inverse of the provided matrix using Cramers Rule.
+      * If the determinant is zero, the matrix can not be inverted, and an exception is thrown.
+      * If the matrix is an affine transformation matrix, it is more efficient
+      * to invert it with {@link #inverseTransformation}.
+      * @memberof Matrix4
+      *
+      * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to invert.
+      * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+      * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+      *
+      * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+      * @exception {RuntimeError} matrix is not invertible because its determinate is zero.
+      */
+    Matrix4.inverse = function(matrix, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Ported from:
+        //   ftp://download.intel.com/design/PentiumIII/sml/24504301.pdf
+        //
+        var src0 = matrix[0];
+        var src1 = matrix[4];
+        var src2 = matrix[8];
+        var src3 = matrix[12];
+        var src4 = matrix[1];
+        var src5 = matrix[5];
+        var src6 = matrix[9];
+        var src7 = matrix[13];
+        var src8 = matrix[2];
+        var src9 = matrix[6];
+        var src10 = matrix[10];
+        var src11 = matrix[14];
+        var src12 = matrix[3];
+        var src13 = matrix[7];
+        var src14 = matrix[11];
+        var src15 = matrix[15];
+
+        // calculate pairs for first 8 elements (cofactors)
+        var tmp0 = src10 * src15;
+        var tmp1 = src11 * src14;
+        var tmp2 = src9 * src15;
+        var tmp3 = src11 * src13;
+        var tmp4 = src9 * src14;
+        var tmp5 = src10 * src13;
+        var tmp6 = src8 * src15;
+        var tmp7 = src11 * src12;
+        var tmp8 = src8 * src14;
+        var tmp9 = src10 * src12;
+        var tmp10 = src8 * src13;
+        var tmp11 = src9 * src12;
+
+        // calculate first 8 elements (cofactors)
+        var dst0 = (tmp0 * src5 + tmp3 * src6 + tmp4 * src7) - (tmp1 * src5 + tmp2 * src6 + tmp5 * src7);
+        var dst1 = (tmp1 * src4 + tmp6 * src6 + tmp9 * src7) - (tmp0 * src4 + tmp7 * src6 + tmp8 * src7);
+        var dst2 = (tmp2 * src4 + tmp7 * src5 + tmp10 * src7) - (tmp3 * src4 + tmp6 * src5 + tmp11 * src7);
+        var dst3 = (tmp5 * src4 + tmp8 * src5 + tmp11 * src6) - (tmp4 * src4 + tmp9 * src5 + tmp10 * src6);
+        var dst4 = (tmp1 * src1 + tmp2 * src2 + tmp5 * src3) - (tmp0 * src1 + tmp3 * src2 + tmp4 * src3);
+        var dst5 = (tmp0 * src0 + tmp7 * src2 + tmp8 * src3) - (tmp1 * src0 + tmp6 * src2 + tmp9 * src3);
+        var dst6 = (tmp3 * src0 + tmp6 * src1 + tmp11 * src3) - (tmp2 * src0 + tmp7 * src1 + tmp10 * src3);
+        var dst7 = (tmp4 * src0 + tmp9 * src1 + tmp10 * src2) - (tmp5 * src0 + tmp8 * src1 + tmp11 * src2);
+
+        // calculate pairs for second 8 elements (cofactors)
+        tmp0 = src2 * src7;
+        tmp1 = src3 * src6;
+        tmp2 = src1 * src7;
+        tmp3 = src3 * src5;
+        tmp4 = src1 * src6;
+        tmp5 = src2 * src5;
+        tmp6 = src0 * src7;
+        tmp7 = src3 * src4;
+        tmp8 = src0 * src6;
+        tmp9 = src2 * src4;
+        tmp10 = src0 * src5;
+        tmp11 = src1 * src4;
+
+        // calculate second 8 elements (cofactors)
+        var dst8 = (tmp0 * src13 + tmp3 * src14 + tmp4 * src15) - (tmp1 * src13 + tmp2 * src14 + tmp5 * src15);
+        var dst9 = (tmp1 * src12 + tmp6 * src14 + tmp9 * src15) - (tmp0 * src12 + tmp7 * src14 + tmp8 * src15);
+        var dst10 = (tmp2 * src12 + tmp7 * src13 + tmp10 * src15) - (tmp3 * src12 + tmp6 * src13 + tmp11 * src15);
+        var dst11 = (tmp5 * src12 + tmp8 * src13 + tmp11 * src14) - (tmp4 * src12 + tmp9 * src13 + tmp10 * src14);
+        var dst12 = (tmp2 * src10 + tmp5 * src11 + tmp1 * src9) - (tmp4 * src11 + tmp0 * src9 + tmp3 * src10);
+        var dst13 = (tmp8 * src11 + tmp0 * src8 + tmp7 * src10) - (tmp6 * src10 + tmp9 * src11 + tmp1 * src8);
+        var dst14 = (tmp6 * src9 + tmp11 * src11 + tmp3 * src8) - (tmp10 * src11 + tmp2 * src8 + tmp7 * src9);
+        var dst15 = (tmp10 * src10 + tmp4 * src8 + tmp9 * src9) - (tmp8 * src9 + tmp11 * src10 + tmp5 * src8);
+
+        // calculate determinant
+        var det = src0 * dst0 + src1 * dst1 + src2 * dst2 + src3 * dst3;
+
+        if (Math.abs(det) < CesiumMath.EPSILON20) {
+            throw new RuntimeError('matrix is not invertible because its determinate is zero.');
+        }
+
+        // calculate matrix inverse
+        det = 1.0 / det;
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(dst0 * det, dst4 * det, dst8 * det, dst12 * det,
+                               dst1 * det, dst5 * det, dst9 * det, dst13 * det,
+                               dst2 * det, dst6 * det, dst10 * det, dst14 * det,
+                               dst3 * det, dst7 * det, dst11 * det, dst15 * det);
+        }
+
+        result[0] = dst0 * det;
+        result[1] = dst1 * det;
+        result[2] = dst2 * det;
+        result[3] = dst3 * det;
+        result[4] = dst4 * det;
+        result[5] = dst5 * det;
+        result[6] = dst6 * det;
+        result[7] = dst7 * det;
+        result[8] = dst8 * det;
+        result[9] = dst9 * det;
+        result[10] = dst10 * det;
+        result[11] = dst11 * det;
+        result[12] = dst12 * det;
+        result[13] = dst13 * det;
+        result[14] = dst14 * det;
+        result[15] = dst15 * det;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the inverse of the provided matrix assuming it is
+     * an affine transformation matrix, where the upper left 3x3 elements
+     * are a rotation matrix, and the upper three elements in the fourth
+     * column are the translation.  The bottom row is assumed to be [0, 0, 0, 1].
+     * The matrix is not verified to be in the proper form.
+     * This method is faster than computing the inverse for a general 4x4
+     * matrix using {@link #inverse}.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to invert.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.inverseTransformation = function(matrix, result) {
+        if (typeof matrix === 'undefined') {
+            throw new DeveloperError('matrix is required');
+        }
+
+        //This function is an optimized version of the below 4 lines.
+        //var rT = Matrix3.transpose(Matrix4.getRotation(matrix));
+        //var rTN = Matrix3.negate(rT);
+        //var rTT = Matrix3.multiplyByVector(rTN, Matrix4.getTranslation(matrix));
+        //return Matrix4.fromRotationTranslation(rT, rTT, result);
+
+        var matrix0 = matrix[0];
+        var matrix1 = matrix[1];
+        var matrix2 = matrix[2];
+        var matrix4 = matrix[4];
+        var matrix5 = matrix[5];
+        var matrix6 = matrix[6];
+        var matrix8 = matrix[8];
+        var matrix9 = matrix[9];
+        var matrix10 = matrix[10];
+
+        var vX = matrix[12];
+        var vY = matrix[13];
+        var vZ = matrix[14];
+
+        var x = -matrix0 * vX - matrix1 * vY - matrix2 * vZ;
+        var y = -matrix4 * vX - matrix5 * vY - matrix6 * vZ;
+        var z = -matrix8 * vX - matrix9 * vY - matrix10 * vZ;
+
+        if (typeof result === 'undefined') {
+            return new Matrix4(matrix0, matrix1, matrix2,  x,
+                               matrix4, matrix5, matrix6,  y,
+                               matrix8, matrix9, matrix10, z,
+                               0.0,         0.0,      0.0, 1.0);
+        }
+        result[0] = matrix0;
+        result[1] = matrix4;
+        result[2] = matrix8;
+        result[3] = 0.0;
+        result[4] = matrix1;
+        result[5] = matrix5;
+        result[6] = matrix9;
+        result[7] = 0.0;
+        result[8] = matrix2;
+        result[9] = matrix6;
+        result[10] = matrix10;
+        result[11] = 0.0;
+        result[12] = x;
+        result[13] = y;
+        result[14] = z;
+        result[15] = 1.0;
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * An immutable Matrix4 instance initialized to the identity matrix.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.IDENTITY = freezeObject(new Matrix4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
+                                                0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
+                                                0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
+                                                0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 0, row 0.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN0ROW0 = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 0, row 1.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN0ROW1 = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 0, row 2.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN0ROW2 = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 0, row 3.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN0ROW3 = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 1, row 0.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN1ROW0 = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 1, row 1.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN1ROW1 = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 1, row 2.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN1ROW2 = 6;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 1, row 3.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN1ROW3 = 7;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 2, row 0.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN2ROW0 = 8;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 2, row 1.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN2ROW1 = 9;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 2, row 2.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN2ROW2 = 10;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 2, row 3.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN2ROW3 = 11;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 3, row 0.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN3ROW0 = 12;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 3, row 1.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN3ROW1 = 13;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 3, row 2.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN3ROW2 = 14;
+
+    /**
+     * The index into Matrix4 for column 3, row 3.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     */
+    Matrix4.COLUMN3ROW3 = 15;
+
+    /**
+     * Duplicates the provided Matrix4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.clone = function(result) {
+        return Matrix4.clone(this, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes an Array from this Matrix4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Array} [result] The Array onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Array} The modified Array parameter or a new Array instance if one was not provided.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.toArray = function(result) {
+        return Matrix4.toArray(this, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a copy of the matrix column at the provided index as a Cartesian4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the column to retrieve.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Cartesian4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
+     *
+     * @see Cartesian4
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.getColumn = function(index, result) {
+        return Matrix4.getColumn(this, index, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a new matrix that replaces the specified column in this matrix with the provided Cartesian4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the column to set.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} cartesian The Cartesian whose values will be assigned to the specified column.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} cartesian is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
+     *
+     * @see Cartesian4
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.setColumn = function(index, cartesian, result) {
+        return Matrix4.setColumn(this, index, cartesian, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a copy of the matrix row at the provided index as a Cartesian4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the row to retrieve.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Cartesian4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
+     *
+     * @see Cartesian4
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.getRow = function(index, result) {
+        return Matrix4.getRow(this, index, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a new matrix that replaces the specified row in this matrix with the provided Cartesian4 instance.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the row to set.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} cartesian The Cartesian whose values will be assigned to the specified row.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} cartesian is required.
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} index is required and must be 0, 1, 2, or 3.
+     *
+     * @see Cartesian4
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.setRow = function(index, cartesian, result) {
+        return Matrix4.setRow(this, index, cartesian, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the product of this matrix and the provided matrix.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} right The right hand side matrix.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} right is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.multiply = function(right, result) {
+        return Matrix4.multiply(this, right, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Multiplies this matrix, assuming it is a transformation matrix (with a bottom row of
+     * <code>[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]</code>), by an implicit translation matrix defined by a {@link Cartesian3}.
+     *
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Cartesian3} translation The translation on the right-hand side of the multiplication.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     *
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} translation is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.multiplyByTranslation = function(translation, result) {
+        return Matrix4.multiplyByTranslation(this, translation, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Multiplies this matrix, assuming it is a transformation matrix (with a bottom row of
+     * <code>[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]</code>), by an implicit uniform scale matrix.
+     *
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Number} scale The scale on the right-hand side of the multiplication.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     *
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} scale is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.multiplyByUniformScale = function(scale, result) {
+        return Matrix4.multiplyByUniformScale(this, scale, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the product of this matrix and a column vector.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Cartesian4} cartesian The vector.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Cartesian4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} cartesian is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.multiplyByVector = function(cartesian, result) {
+        return Matrix4.multiplyByVector(this, cartesian, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the product of a matrix and a {@link Cartesian3}.  This is equivalent to calling {@link Matrix4#multiplyByVector}
+     * with a {@link Cartesian4} with a <code>w</code> component of one.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The point.
+     * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Cartesian4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} cartesian is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.multiplyByPoint = function(cartesian, result) {
+        return Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(this, cartesian, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the product of this matrix and a scalar.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Number} scalar The number to multiply by.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} scalar is required and must be a number.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.multiplyByScalar = function(scalar, result) {
+        return Matrix4.multiplyByScalar(this, scalar, result);
+    };
+    /**
+     * Computes a negated copy of this matrix.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} matrix The matrix to negate.
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is required.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.negate = function(result) {
+        return Matrix4.negate(this, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the transpose of this matrix.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix4 instance if one was not provided.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.transpose = function(result) {
+        return Matrix4.transpose(this, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this matrix to the provided matrix componentwise and returns
+     * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} [right] The right hand side matrix.
+     * @return {Boolean} <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.equals = function(right) {
+        return Matrix4.equals(this, right);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this matrix to the provided matrix componentwise and returns
+     * <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon,
+     * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} [right] The right hand side matrix.
+     * @param {Number} epsilon The epsilon to use for equality testing.
+     * @return {Boolean} <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     *
+     * @exception {DeveloperError} epsilon is required and must be a number.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.equalsEpsilon = function(right, epsilon) {
+        return Matrix4.equalsEpsilon(this, right, epsilon);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes a string representing this Matrix with each row being
+     * on a separate line and in the format '(column0, column1, column2, column3)'.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @return {String} A string representing the provided Matrix with each row being on a separate line and in the format '(column0, column1, column2, column3)'.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.toString = function() {
+        return '(' + this[0] + ', ' + this[4] + ', ' + this[8] + ', ' + this[12] +')\n' +
+               '(' + this[1] + ', ' + this[5] + ', ' + this[9] + ', ' + this[13] +')\n' +
+               '(' + this[2] + ', ' + this[6] + ', ' + this[10] + ', ' + this[14] +')\n' +
+               '(' + this[3] + ', ' + this[7] + ', ' + this[11] + ', ' + this[15] +')';
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the translation portion of this matrix, assuming the matrix is a affine transformation matrix.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @see Cartesian3
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.getTranslation = function(result) {
+        return Matrix4.getTranslation(this, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the upper left 3x3 rotation matrix of this matrix, assuming the matrix is a affine transformation matrix.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @see Matrix3
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.getRotation = function(result) {
+        return Matrix4.getRotation(this, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the inverse of this matrix using Cramers Rule.
+     * If the determinant is zero, the matrix can not be inverted, and an exception is thrown.
+     * If the matrix is an affine transformation matrix, it is more efficient
+     * to invert it with {@link #inverseTransformation}.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+     *
+     * @exception {RuntimeError} matrix is not invertible because its determinate is zero.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.inverse = function(result) {
+        return Matrix4.inverse(this, result);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the inverse of this matrix assuming it is
+     * an affine transformation matrix, where the upper left 3x3 elements
+     * are a rotation matrix, and the upper three elements in the fourth
+     * column are the translation.  The bottom row is assumed to be [0, 0, 0, 1].
+     * The matrix is not verified to be in the proper form.
+     * This method is faster than computing the inverse for a general 4x4
+     * matrix using {@link #inverse}.
+     * @memberof Matrix4
+     *
+     * @param {Matrix4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+     * @return {Matrix4} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+     */
+    Matrix4.prototype.inverseTransformation = function(result) {
+        return Matrix4.inverseTransformation(this, result);
+    };
+
+    return Matrix4;
+});