studium 0.13.1

Sign up to get free protection for your applications and to get access to all the features.

Potentially problematic release.


This version of studium might be problematic. Click here for more details.

Files changed (871) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +7 -0
  2. data/README.md +2785 -0
  3. data/bin/ask_exam_question +7 -0
  4. data/bin/check_description_of_these_lectures +7 -0
  5. data/bin/curriculum_module_displayer +7 -0
  6. data/bin/cycle +7 -0
  7. data/bin/d10 +7 -0
  8. data/bin/d100 +7 -0
  9. data/bin/d15 +7 -0
  10. data/bin/d20 +7 -0
  11. data/bin/d25 +7 -0
  12. data/bin/d3 +7 -0
  13. data/bin/d30 +7 -0
  14. data/bin/d5 +7 -0
  15. data/bin/determine_curricula +7 -0
  16. data/bin/display_lecture_url +7 -0
  17. data/bin/exam_registration_at +7 -0
  18. data/bin/exam_statistics +7 -0
  19. data/bin/exams_per_month +9 -0
  20. data/bin/finished_exams_at_this_university +7 -0
  21. data/bin/flashcards +7 -0
  22. data/bin/from_curriculum_id_to_university +9 -0
  23. data/bin/location_to_this_exam_topic.rb +7 -0
  24. data/bin/mandatory_continuous_assessment +7 -0
  25. data/bin/mandatory_upcoming_courses +7 -0
  26. data/bin/n_ECTS +7 -0
  27. data/bin/n_exam_questions_already_answered +16 -0
  28. data/bin/nquestions +7 -0
  29. data/bin/nsolved +7 -0
  30. data/bin/open_last_exam_question_asked_file +7 -0
  31. data/bin/passed_exams +7 -0
  32. data/bin/passed_pr/303/274fungsimmanente_courses +7 -0
  33. data/bin/pdf_for +7 -0
  34. data/bin/random_exam_topic +7 -0
  35. data/bin/report_solved_topics +7 -0
  36. data/bin/return_n_ects_from_this_file +7 -0
  37. data/bin/search_for_n_ects +7 -0
  38. data/bin/show_lectures_on_the_commandline +7 -0
  39. data/bin/show_themes +7 -0
  40. data/bin/solved +9 -0
  41. data/bin/solved_ects +7 -0
  42. data/bin/studienkennzahl +7 -0
  43. data/bin/studium +7 -0
  44. data/bin/studium_skeleton +7 -0
  45. data/bin/ufind +7 -0
  46. data/bin/upcoming_exams +7 -0
  47. data/bin/week_parser +7 -0
  48. data/doc/ECTS_CONSIDERATIONS.md +81 -0
  49. data/doc/HOW_TO_DETERMINE_WHICH_PART_IS_THE_QUESTION_AND_WHICH_PART_IS_THE_ANSWER.md +44 -0
  50. data/doc/README.gen +2742 -0
  51. data/doc/SQL_database_specification.md +46 -0
  52. data/doc/deprecated_components.md +24 -0
  53. data/doc/documentation_for_the_file_lecture_information.md +311 -0
  54. data/doc/elegant_colours.md +21 -0
  55. data/doc/todo/TODO_FOR_STUDIUM_GEM.md +112 -0
  56. data/doc/todo/TODO_FOR_THE_GRAPHICAL_PARTS_OF_THE_STUDIUM_GEM_INCLUDING_WWW_RELATED_ASPECTS.md +35 -0
  57. data/img/STUDIES.png +0 -0
  58. data/lib/studium/autoinclude.rb +7 -0
  59. data/lib/studium/base/base.rb +2710 -0
  60. data/lib/studium/base/prototype.rb +543 -0
  61. data/lib/studium/c/README.md +2 -0
  62. data/lib/studium/c/a.out +0 -0
  63. data/lib/studium/c/obtain_random_entry.c +11 -0
  64. data/lib/studium/check_and_sanitize/README.md +11 -0
  65. data/lib/studium/check_and_sanitize/check_curriculum_for_correct_separation_of_bachelor_and_master.rb +141 -0
  66. data/lib/studium/check_and_sanitize/check_for_all_exam_topics_being_registered.rb +110 -0
  67. data/lib/studium/check_and_sanitize/check_for_correct_themes_of_each_course.rb +90 -0
  68. data/lib/studium/check_and_sanitize/check_for_existing_description_of_this_lecture.rb +189 -0
  69. data/lib/studium/check_and_sanitize/check_the_lecture_information_file.rb +163 -0
  70. data/lib/studium/check_and_sanitize/find_duplicate_lectures.rb +115 -0
  71. data/lib/studium/check_and_sanitize/missing_priority_entry.rb +44 -0
  72. data/lib/studium/check_and_sanitize/sanitize_this_string_containing_the_lva_dates.rb +79 -0
  73. data/lib/studium/colours/colours.rb +549 -0
  74. data/lib/studium/colours/sfancy.rb +46 -0
  75. data/lib/studium/colours/sfile.rb +35 -0
  76. data/lib/studium/colours/simp.rb +40 -0
  77. data/lib/studium/colours/use_colours.rb +39 -0
  78. data/lib/studium/colours/use_this_colour_for_exam_questions_and_exam_answers.rb +80 -0
  79. data/lib/studium/commandline/commandline.rb +932 -0
  80. data/lib/studium/commandline/menu.rb +903 -0
  81. data/lib/studium/constants/colours.rb +14 -0
  82. data/lib/studium/constants/constants.rb +2142 -0
  83. data/lib/studium/constants/image_constants.rb +217 -0
  84. data/lib/studium/constants/web_constants.rb +25 -0
  85. data/lib/studium/css/project.css +267 -0
  86. data/lib/studium/curricula/curriculum.rb +210 -0
  87. data/lib/studium/curricula/curriculum_as_string.rb +280 -0
  88. data/lib/studium/curricula/curriculum_module_displayer/constants.rb +33 -0
  89. data/lib/studium/curricula/curriculum_module_displayer/curriculum_module_displayer.rb +417 -0
  90. data/lib/studium/curricula/curriculum_module_displayer/initialize.rb +25 -0
  91. data/lib/studium/curricula/curriculum_module_displayer/menu.rb +45 -0
  92. data/lib/studium/curricula/curriculum_module_displayer/reset.rb +74 -0
  93. data/lib/studium/curricula/curriculum_module_displayer/run.rb +20 -0
  94. data/lib/studium/curricula/curriculum_module_displayer/set_use_this_curriculum.rb +93 -0
  95. data/lib/studium/curricula/curriculum_module_displayer/show_and_report.rb +190 -0
  96. data/lib/studium/curricula/determine_curricula/constants.rb +11 -0
  97. data/lib/studium/curricula/determine_curricula/determine_curricula.rb +36 -0
  98. data/lib/studium/curricula/determine_curricula/help.rb +39 -0
  99. data/lib/studium/curricula/determine_curricula/initialize.rb +48 -0
  100. data/lib/studium/curricula/determine_curricula/menu.rb +151 -0
  101. data/lib/studium/curricula/determine_curricula/misc.rb +403 -0
  102. data/lib/studium/curricula/determine_curricula/report.rb +143 -0
  103. data/lib/studium/curricula/determine_curricula/reset.rb +59 -0
  104. data/lib/studium/curricula/determine_curricula/run.rb +19 -0
  105. data/lib/studium/curricula/determine_elective_courses_in_this_curriculum.rb +112 -0
  106. data/lib/studium/curricula/display_bachelor_curricula.rb +90 -0
  107. data/lib/studium/curricula/mitteilungsbl/303/244tter/mitteilungsbl/303/244tter.rb +324 -0
  108. data/lib/studium/curricula/modules/display_on_the_commandline.rb +319 -0
  109. data/lib/studium/curricula/modules/return_n_ects_in_this_module.rb +75 -0
  110. data/lib/studium/curricula/n_percent_solved_in_this_curriculum.rb +75 -0
  111. data/lib/studium/curricula/prepare_individual_curriculum.rb +304 -0
  112. data/lib/studium/curricula/random_curriculum_creator/random_curriculum_creator.rb +163 -0
  113. data/lib/studium/curricula/show_lectures_of_this_curriculum.rb +114 -0
  114. data/lib/studium/curricula/show_lectures_of_this_curriculum_id/constants.rb +11 -0
  115. data/lib/studium/curricula/show_lectures_of_this_curriculum_id/initialize.rb +27 -0
  116. data/lib/studium/curricula/show_lectures_of_this_curriculum_id/menu.rb +35 -0
  117. data/lib/studium/curricula/show_lectures_of_this_curriculum_id/misc.rb +264 -0
  118. data/lib/studium/curricula/show_lectures_of_this_curriculum_id/report.rb +163 -0
  119. data/lib/studium/curricula/show_lectures_of_this_curriculum_id/reset.rb +64 -0
  120. data/lib/studium/curricula/show_lectures_of_this_curriculum_id/show_lectures_of_this_curriculum_id.rb +38 -0
  121. data/lib/studium/curricula/show_solved_percentage_among_the_registered_curricula.rb +87 -0
  122. data/lib/studium/ects/boku_ects_splitter.rb +128 -0
  123. data/lib/studium/ects/ects_per_university.rb +179 -0
  124. data/lib/studium/ects/ects_scanner.rb +141 -0
  125. data/lib/studium/ects/ects_to_university_parser.rb +142 -0
  126. data/lib/studium/ects/last_entry_is_curriculum.rb +150 -0
  127. data/lib/studium/ects/n_ects_in_these_lectures.rb +196 -0
  128. data/lib/studium/ects/n_ects_points_in_mandatory_presence_courses.rb +50 -0
  129. data/lib/studium/ects/return_n_ects_from_this_file.rb +59 -0
  130. data/lib/studium/ects/return_n_ects_from_this_url.rb +196 -0
  131. data/lib/studium/ects/search_for_n_ects.rb +614 -0
  132. data/lib/studium/ects/show_completed_ects_in_all_curricula.rb +191 -0
  133. data/lib/studium/ects/show_passed_credits_per_curriculum.rb +276 -0
  134. data/lib/studium/ects/simple_total_ects_points.rb +135 -0
  135. data/lib/studium/ects/solved_ects/constants.rb +19 -0
  136. data/lib/studium/ects/solved_ects/reset.rb +51 -0
  137. data/lib/studium/ects/solved_ects/solved_ects.rb +325 -0
  138. data/lib/studium/ects/solved_ects_per_university/reset.rb +25 -0
  139. data/lib/studium/ects/solved_ects_per_university/solved_ects_per_university.rb +106 -0
  140. data/lib/studium/ects/still_missing.rb +129 -0
  141. data/lib/studium/ects/sum_of_ects.rb +144 -0
  142. data/lib/studium/encoding/encoding.rb +108 -0
  143. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/RNAi_siRNA_and_miRNA +86 -0
  144. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/abfall_als_ressource +86 -0
  145. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/advanced_biochemistry +781 -0
  146. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/advanced_biotechnology +214 -0
  147. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/advanced_cellbiology +27 -0
  148. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/advanced_chemistry +504 -0
  149. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/advanced_microbiology +43 -0
  150. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/advanced_topics_in_plant_sciences +85 -0
  151. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/advanced_virology +218 -0
  152. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/ageing +114 -0
  153. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/agrar_ecology +63 -0
  154. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/agrarmarkt +71 -0
  155. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/agrarphysik +35 -0
  156. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/alcohols +29 -0
  157. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/algorithms +52 -0
  158. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/allergie +75 -0
  159. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/allgemeine_genetik +1006 -0
  160. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/allgemeine_mikrobiologie +946 -0
  161. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/aminoacids +438 -0
  162. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/analytische_chemie_1 +132 -0
  163. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/analytische_chemie_2 +31 -0
  164. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/anatomie +290 -0
  165. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/anorganische_chemie +311 -0
  166. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/anthropologie +116 -0
  167. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/antibodies_and_antigens +764 -0
  168. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/apoptosis +35 -0
  169. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/archaea +60 -0
  170. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/architecture +8 -0
  171. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/artificial_intelligence +81 -0
  172. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/atomemissionsspektrometrie +6 -0
  173. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/audio +11 -0
  174. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/bacteriophages +240 -0
  175. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/basic_biochemistry +1002 -0
  176. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/basic_biotechnology +1001 -0
  177. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/basic_chemistry +1007 -0
  178. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/basic_virology +1008 -0
  179. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/bauwesen +6 -0
  180. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/betriebssysteme +126 -0
  181. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/betriebswirtschaftslehre +29 -0
  182. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/bioanalytik_und_biosensoren +382 -0
  183. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/biochips +78 -0
  184. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/bioelektrochemie +57 -0
  185. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/biofilms +22 -0
  186. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/bioinformatics +503 -0
  187. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/biological_therapeutics +153 -0
  188. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/biologie +137 -0
  189. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/biomarkers +106 -0
  190. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/biomaterials +89 -0
  191. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/biomembranes +6 -0
  192. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/bionik +65 -0
  193. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/biophysik +34 -0
  194. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/biopolymers +10 -0
  195. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/bioprozesstechnik +149 -0
  196. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/bioressourcenmanagement +78 -0
  197. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/bodenkunde +373 -0
  198. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/bodenmikrobiologie +40 -0
  199. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/cancerbiology +442 -0
  200. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/cell_cultures +155 -0
  201. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/cellbiology +995 -0
  202. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/cellular_transport_and_protein_secretion +27 -0
  203. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/cellulose +6 -0
  204. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/chemische_technologie_anorganischer_stoffe +209 -0
  205. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/chemische_technologie_organischer_stoffe +25 -0
  206. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/chemisches_labor +60 -0
  207. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/chemotaxis_and_motility_in_prokaryotes +87 -0
  208. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/citric_acid_cycle +80 -0
  209. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/clinical_microbiology +492 -0
  210. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/computer_graphics +5 -0
  211. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/computer_science +280 -0
  212. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/crispr +28 -0
  213. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/cyanobacteria +42 -0
  214. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/cytogenetics_and_chromosome_biology +551 -0
  215. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/cytokines +5 -0
  216. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/databases_and_sql +106 -0
  217. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/dna_mutation_and_dna_repair +35 -0
  218. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/dna_replication +56 -0
  219. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/ecogenetics +26 -0
  220. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/ecological_agriculture +12 -0
  221. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/ecology +314 -0
  222. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/economy +211 -0
  223. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/elektronenmikroskopie +354 -0
  224. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/elektrophorese +89 -0
  225. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/elektrotechnik_und_elektrizit/303/244t +41 -0
  226. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/elisa +54 -0
  227. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/embryologie_und_entwicklung +547 -0
  228. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/endospores_and_spores +104 -0
  229. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/enzymes_and_cofactors +345 -0
  230. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/epigenetik +179 -0
  231. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/ethik +138 -0
  232. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/evolution_and_evolutionary_genetics +328 -0
  233. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/excel +7 -0
  234. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/fish +19 -0
  235. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/fluorescence_microscopy +7 -0
  236. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/food_microbiology_and_food_biotechnology +71 -0
  237. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/forensik +11 -0
  238. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/forstwirtschaft +53 -0
  239. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/fortgeschrittene_genetik +511 -0
  240. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/fortgeschrittene_gentechnik +211 -0
  241. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/fortgeschrittene_physik +6 -0
  242. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/fungi +79 -0
  243. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/genetische_krankheiten +176 -0
  244. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/genexpression +1008 -0
  245. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/genomics_and_metagenomics +244 -0
  246. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/gentechnik_und_praktische_biochemie +901 -0
  247. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/geochemistry +67 -0
  248. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/geography +8 -0
  249. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/geologie_und_mineralogie +621 -0
  250. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/geometrie +47 -0
  251. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/geschichte +93 -0
  252. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/gluconeogenesis +59 -0
  253. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/glycogen +25 -0
  254. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/glycolysis +109 -0
  255. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/glykomik +100 -0
  256. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/glyoxylatzyklus +31 -0
  257. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/grassland_cultivation +32 -0
  258. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/hormone +134 -0
  259. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/html +7 -0
  260. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/human_ecology +8 -0
  261. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/hygiene +191 -0
  262. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/imaging_and_microscopy +241 -0
  263. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/immunanalytik +94 -0
  264. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/immunologie +982 -0
  265. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/informatik +97 -0
  266. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/innate_immunity +22 -0
  267. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/insekten +57 -0
  268. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/insulin_and_diabetes +57 -0
  269. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/java +502 -0
  270. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/javascript +12 -0
  271. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/klima +6 -0
  272. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/kryptographie +5 -0
  273. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/landtechnik +26 -0
  274. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/lebensmittel +208 -0
  275. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/lebensmitteltechnologie +16 -0
  276. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/linux +5 -0
  277. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/lipids +94 -0
  278. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/macroeconomics +40 -0
  279. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/mathematics +254 -0
  280. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/medizin_und_biomedizinische_technik +250 -0
  281. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/medizinische_chemie_und_pharmazie +398 -0
  282. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/messtechnik_und_regeltechnik +104 -0
  283. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/metabolismus +406 -0
  284. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/microbial_ecology +35 -0
  285. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/microcontrollers +11 -0
  286. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/mikrobielle_lebensgemeinschaften +33 -0
  287. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/mikrobielle_physiologie +172 -0
  288. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/mitochondria +32 -0
  289. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/mixed +278 -0
  290. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/molecular_biology_of_plants +242 -0
  291. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/molekulare_medizin +131 -0
  292. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/nanotechnologie +453 -0
  293. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/nature_conservation_and_biodiversity +166 -0
  294. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/naturstoffe +9 -0
  295. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/netzwerke +32 -0
  296. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/neurobiology +267 -0
  297. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/nucleotide_sequencing +32 -0
  298. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/nutztierethologie +11 -0
  299. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/object_oriented_modeling +14 -0
  300. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/obstbau +234 -0
  301. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/organische_chemie +1007 -0
  302. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/organische_chemie_2 +118 -0
  303. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/paleobiology +35 -0
  304. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/parasitic_diseases_and_molecular_infection_biology +335 -0
  305. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/patent_law +55 -0
  306. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/pathologie +717 -0
  307. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/pcr +144 -0
  308. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/pentosephosphatweg +41 -0
  309. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/peroxisomes_glycosomes_and_lysosomes +54 -0
  310. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/pflanzenanatomie +255 -0
  311. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/pflanzenbau +24 -0
  312. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/pflanzenschutz +35 -0
  313. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/pflanzenwissenschaften +1009 -0
  314. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/pharmaceutical_biotechnology +250 -0
  315. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/physik +433 -1
  316. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/physikalische_chemie +86 -0
  317. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/physiology_and_histology +506 -0
  318. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/phytochemie +33 -0
  319. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/plant_biotechnology +128 -0
  320. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/plant_breeding +64 -0
  321. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/plant_development +50 -0
  322. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/populationsgenetik +136 -0
  323. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/posttranslationale_modifikation_von_proteinen +191 -0
  324. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/projektmanagement +219 -0
  325. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/prokaryote_genetics +531 -0
  326. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/protein_engineering +8 -0
  327. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/proteolyse +33 -0
  328. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/proteomik +40 -0
  329. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/prozesstechnik +95 -0
  330. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/psychologie +13 -0
  331. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/python +353 -0
  332. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/quality_management +256 -0
  333. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/rechtsgrundlagen +115 -0
  334. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/research_topics_in_immunobiology +42 -0
  335. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/rna_and_dna +395 -0
  336. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/rna_seq +11 -0
  337. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/ruby +146 -0
  338. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/ruby_on_rails +63 -0
  339. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/scientific_writing_and_publishing +38 -0
  340. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/semisynthese_von_proteinen_und_nukleotiden +120 -0
  341. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/sexualbiologie +62 -0
  342. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/signal_transduction_and_laser_systems +167 -0
  343. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/splicing_exons_and_introns +63 -0
  344. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/statistik +233 -0
  345. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/stemcells +158 -0
  346. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/stickstofffixierung +75 -0
  347. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/structural_bioinformatics +54 -0
  348. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/strukturbiologie +380 -0
  349. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/system_biology_and_synthetic_biology +101 -0
  350. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/systematische_zoologie +433 -0
  351. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/technical_ecology +144 -0
  352. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/technische_chemie +202 -0
  353. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/technische_grundlagen_der_informatik +26 -0
  354. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/technische_mikrobiologie +393 -0
  355. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/technisches_zeichnen +5 -0
  356. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/the_bacterial_cell_wall +97 -0
  357. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/the_c_plus_plus_programming_language +489 -0
  358. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/the_c_programming_language +129 -0
  359. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/the_cellcycle +81 -0
  360. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/the_european_union +119 -0
  361. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/the_interferon_system +38 -0
  362. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/the_microbiome +163 -0
  363. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/the_universe +12 -0
  364. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/theoretische_chemie +5 -0
  365. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/theoretische_informatik +157 -0
  366. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/tierzucht +94 -0
  367. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/toxikologie +408 -0
  368. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/transcription +82 -0
  369. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/translation_ribosomes_and_translational_control +142 -0
  370. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/umweltbiotechnologie +63 -0
  371. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/umweltchemie +233 -0
  372. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/urbanism_and_traffic +19 -0
  373. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/urea_cycle +55 -0
  374. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/vaccines_and_vaccination +242 -0
  375. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/vectors_and_gene_therapy +240 -0
  376. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/verfahrenstechnik +32 -0
  377. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/veterinary_medicine +10 -0
  378. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/vitamine +24 -0
  379. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/wasserkunde +137 -0
  380. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/weinbau +59 -0
  381. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/wissenschaft +18 -0
  382. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/yeast +102 -0
  383. data/lib/studium/exam_topics/zoologie +330 -0
  384. data/lib/studium/exams/afterburn/afterburn.rb +257 -0
  385. data/lib/studium/exams/ask_exam_from_the_upcoming_exams_pool.rb +150 -0
  386. data/lib/studium/exams/ask_exam_topic_question.rb +112 -0
  387. data/lib/studium/exams/ask_question_from_alias.rb +141 -0
  388. data/lib/studium/exams/ask_question_from_any_of_the_still_missing_lectures.rb +131 -0
  389. data/lib/studium/exams/ask_question_from_grouped_themes.rb +141 -0
  390. data/lib/studium/exams/ask_question_from_last_topic.rb +91 -0
  391. data/lib/studium/exams/ask_random_question.rb +195 -0
  392. data/lib/studium/exams/autoinclude.rb +7 -0
  393. data/lib/studium/exams/csv/create_csv_passed_exams_file.rb +217 -0
  394. data/lib/studium/exams/cycle.rb +291 -0
  395. data/lib/studium/exams/dataset.rb +123 -0
  396. data/lib/studium/exams/designate_ten_random_exam_topics/designate_ten_random_exam_topics.rb +88 -0
  397. data/lib/studium/exams/exam/exam.rb +130 -0
  398. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_question/README.md +3 -0
  399. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_question/answer.rb +177 -0
  400. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_question/constants.rb +111 -0
  401. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_question/exam_question.rb +1135 -0
  402. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_question/menu.rb +333 -0
  403. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_question/misc.rb +895 -0
  404. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_question/question.rb +91 -0
  405. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_question/reset.rb +96 -0
  406. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_registration_at/constants.rb +49 -0
  407. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_registration_at/exam_registration_at.rb +242 -0
  408. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_registration_at/help.rb +46 -0
  409. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_registration_at/menu.rb +81 -0
  410. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_registration_at/report_and_show.rb +133 -0
  411. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_registration_at/reset.rb +54 -0
  412. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_statistics_from_this_file/exam_statistics_from_this_file.rb +119 -0
  413. data/lib/studium/exams/exam_topics.rb +194 -0
  414. data/lib/studium/exams/exams.rb +20 -0
  415. data/lib/studium/exams/exams_per_month/exams_per_month.rb +2438 -0
  416. data/lib/studium/exams/exams_this_week.rb +182 -0
  417. data/lib/studium/exams/fix_exam_dates.rb +121 -0
  418. data/lib/studium/exams/frozen.rb +36 -0
  419. data/lib/studium/exams/last_exams/last_exams.rb +398 -0
  420. data/lib/studium/exams/lectures_without_exam_entry.rb +137 -0
  421. data/lib/studium/exams/mandatory_continuous_assessment/mandatory_continuous_assessment.rb +1956 -0
  422. data/lib/studium/exams/move_the_last_exam_question_to_the_top_of_the_file/move_the_last_exam_question_to_the_top_of_the_file.rb +111 -0
  423. data/lib/studium/exams/n_exams_in_these_topics.rb +404 -0
  424. data/lib/studium/exams/next_exam.rb +107 -0
  425. data/lib/studium/exams/next_exams.rb +378 -0
  426. data/lib/studium/exams/open_exam_associated_url.rb +154 -0
  427. data/lib/studium/exams/open_last_exam_question_asked_file/constants.rb +15 -0
  428. data/lib/studium/exams/open_last_exam_question_asked_file/initialize.rb +29 -0
  429. data/lib/studium/exams/open_last_exam_question_asked_file/open_last_exam_question_asked_file.rb +109 -0
  430. data/lib/studium/exams/pr/303/274fung.rb +289 -0
  431. data/lib/studium/exams/push_solved_questions_on_top.rb +180 -0
  432. data/lib/studium/exams/questions_solved_from_day_to_day/questions_solved_from_day_to_day.rb +377 -0
  433. data/lib/studium/exams/remote_ftp_url.rb +52 -0
  434. data/lib/studium/exams/repeat_last_question.rb +78 -0
  435. data/lib/studium/exams/show_all_passed_exams_of_this_university.rb +252 -0
  436. data/lib/studium/exams/show_backlog_of_exams.rb +117 -0
  437. data/lib/studium/exams/show_next_exams_for.rb +133 -0
  438. data/lib/studium/exams/show_themes/constants.rb +28 -0
  439. data/lib/studium/exams/show_themes/menu.rb +61 -0
  440. data/lib/studium/exams/show_themes/misc.rb +537 -0
  441. data/lib/studium/exams/show_themes/reset.rb +62 -0
  442. data/lib/studium/exams/show_themes/show_themes.rb +27 -0
  443. data/lib/studium/exams/show_upcoming_exams/consider_autogenerating_exam_aliases.rb +181 -0
  444. data/lib/studium/exams/show_upcoming_exams/constants.rb +82 -0
  445. data/lib/studium/exams/show_upcoming_exams/help.rb +33 -0
  446. data/lib/studium/exams/show_upcoming_exams/initialize.rb +77 -0
  447. data/lib/studium/exams/show_upcoming_exams/menu.rb +60 -0
  448. data/lib/studium/exams/show_upcoming_exams/report.rb +200 -0
  449. data/lib/studium/exams/show_upcoming_exams/reset.rb +45 -0
  450. data/lib/studium/exams/show_upcoming_exams/run.rb +20 -0
  451. data/lib/studium/exams/show_upcoming_exams/show_upcoming_exams.rb +544 -0
  452. data/lib/studium/exams/solve_all_questions_from_this_topic.rb +114 -0
  453. data/lib/studium/exams/solved/constants.rb +32 -0
  454. data/lib/studium/exams/solved/help.rb +24 -0
  455. data/lib/studium/exams/solved/initialize.rb +55 -0
  456. data/lib/studium/exams/solved/menu.rb +41 -0
  457. data/lib/studium/exams/solved/reset.rb +28 -0
  458. data/lib/studium/exams/solved/solved.rb +313 -0
  459. data/lib/studium/exams/unsolve_all_questions_from_this_topic.rb +162 -0
  460. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams/constants.rb +15 -0
  461. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams/help.rb +41 -0
  462. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams/initialize.rb +27 -0
  463. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams/menu.rb +79 -0
  464. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams/misc.rb +415 -0
  465. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams/reset.rb +34 -0
  466. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams/run.rb +26 -0
  467. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams/upcoming_exams.rb +32 -0
  468. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams_at_the_boku/constants.rb +23 -0
  469. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams_at_the_boku/html.rb +64 -0
  470. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams_at_the_boku/upcoming_exams_at_the_boku.rb +194 -0
  471. data/lib/studium/exams/upcoming_exams_dataset.rb +247 -0
  472. data/lib/studium/exams/upload_exam_topics.rb +360 -0
  473. data/lib/studium/graphviz/README.md +4 -0
  474. data/lib/studium/graphviz/bachelor_vector_based_strategies.dot +160 -0
  475. data/lib/studium/graphviz/master_vector_based_strategies.dot +46 -0
  476. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/README.md +1 -0
  477. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/ask_exam_question/ask_exam_question.config +6 -0
  478. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/ask_exam_question/ask_exam_question.rb +760 -0
  479. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/ask_exam_question/manifest.yml +12 -0
  480. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/control_panel/control_panel.rb +39 -0
  481. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/curriculum_viewer/curriculum_viewer.rb +510 -0
  482. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/ects_per_university/ects_per_university.rb +217 -0
  483. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/exam_question_widget/exam_question_widget.rb +1887 -0
  484. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/expand_time_range/expand_time_range.rb +34 -0
  485. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/information_about_a_lecture/information_about_a_lecture.rb +34 -0
  486. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/lecture_information/lecture_information.rb +200 -0
  487. data/lib/studium/gui/gtk3/show_upcoming_exams/show_upcoming_exams.rb +34 -0
  488. data/lib/studium/gui/java/exam_question/ExamQuestion$1.class +0 -0
  489. data/lib/studium/gui/java/exam_question/ExamQuestion.class +0 -0
  490. data/lib/studium/gui/java/exam_question/ExamQuestion.java +215 -0
  491. data/lib/studium/gui/javafx/exam_question_widget/exam_question_widget.rb +58 -0
  492. data/lib/studium/gui/jruby/exam_question_widget/exam_question_widget.rb +317 -0
  493. data/lib/studium/gui/libui/ask_exam_question/ask_exam_question.rb +349 -0
  494. data/lib/studium/gui/shared_code/control_panel/control_panel_module.rb +314 -0
  495. data/lib/studium/gui/shared_code/exam_question_widget/exam_question_widget_module.rb +39 -0
  496. data/lib/studium/gui/shared_code/expand_time_range/expand_time_range.css +0 -0
  497. data/lib/studium/gui/shared_code/expand_time_range/expand_time_range_module.rb +190 -0
  498. data/lib/studium/gui/shared_code/information_about_a_lecture/information_about_a_lecture_module.rb +180 -0
  499. data/lib/studium/gui/shared_code/show_upcoming_exams/show_upcoming_exams_module.rb +206 -0
  500. data/lib/studium/images/libui_ask_exam_question.png +0 -0
  501. data/lib/studium/images/small_logos/DNA.png +0 -0
  502. data/lib/studium/images/small_logos/README.md +2 -0
  503. data/lib/studium/images/studies_favicon.png +0 -0
  504. data/lib/studium/java/Mkdir.java +15 -0
  505. data/lib/studium/java/README.md +2 -0
  506. data/lib/studium/java/ask_exam_question/AskExamQuestion.java +477 -0
  507. data/lib/studium/java/solved/Solved.class +0 -0
  508. data/lib/studium/java/solved/Solved.java +110 -0
  509. data/lib/studium/java/utility_scripts/OpenLastExamQuestionurlLinkViaTheBrowser.class +0 -0
  510. data/lib/studium/java/utility_scripts/OpenLastExamQuestionurlLinkViaTheBrowser.java +80 -0
  511. data/lib/studium/logging/README.md +2 -0
  512. data/lib/studium/logging/ensure_that_the_log_directory_exists.rb +47 -0
  513. data/lib/studium/logging/html_log_directory.rb +41 -0
  514. data/lib/studium/logging/log_directory.rb +112 -0
  515. data/lib/studium/logging/store_last_question_asked_into_file.rb +137 -0
  516. data/lib/studium/parsers/README.md +2 -0
  517. data/lib/studium/parsers/custom_exam_results_parser.rb +206 -0
  518. data/lib/studium/parsers/parse_lva_dates.rb +190 -0
  519. data/lib/studium/parsers/parse_remote_lecture.rb +325 -0
  520. data/lib/studium/project/project.rb +76 -0
  521. data/lib/studium/requires/common_popular_requires.rb +37 -0
  522. data/lib/studium/requires/commonly_used_requires.rb +14 -0
  523. data/lib/studium/requires/require_class_exams_solved.rb +7 -0
  524. data/lib/studium/requires/require_ects_scripts.rb +27 -0
  525. data/lib/studium/requires/require_encoding.rb +7 -0
  526. data/lib/studium/requires/require_the_check_and_sanitize_files.rb +31 -0
  527. data/lib/studium/requires/require_the_curricula_files.rb +28 -0
  528. data/lib/studium/requires/require_the_exam_question_class.rb +7 -0
  529. data/lib/studium/requires/require_the_exams_files.rb +45 -0
  530. data/lib/studium/requires/require_the_logging_files.rb +23 -0
  531. data/lib/studium/requires/require_the_parsers.rb +28 -0
  532. data/lib/studium/requires/require_the_studium_constants.rb +10 -0
  533. data/lib/studium/requires/require_the_studium_project.rb +54 -0
  534. data/lib/studium/requires/require_the_toplevel_methods.rb +27 -0
  535. data/lib/studium/requires/require_the_utility_scripts.rb +49 -0
  536. data/lib/studium/requires/require_upcoming_exams.rb +7 -0
  537. data/lib/studium/requires/require_yaml.rb +7 -0
  538. data/lib/studium/requires/return_remote_homepage_of_this_lecture.rb +7 -0
  539. data/lib/studium/requires/with_GUI.rb +13 -0
  540. data/lib/studium/requires/www_mode.rb +17 -0
  541. data/lib/studium/statistics/README.md +4 -0
  542. data/lib/studium/statistics/best_exam_months.rb +92 -0
  543. data/lib/studium/statistics/curriculum_comparer.rb +336 -0
  544. data/lib/studium/statistics/determine_exam_statistics_from_this_file.rb +142 -0
  545. data/lib/studium/statistics/exam_topics_that_are_about_to_be_completed.rb +119 -0
  546. data/lib/studium/statistics/max_stats.rb +170 -0
  547. data/lib/studium/statistics/new_questions_per_year.rb +147 -0
  548. data/lib/studium/statistics/report_how_many_ects_points_per_curriculum_were_completed.rb +167 -0
  549. data/lib/studium/statistics/report_how_many_exam_questions_were_answered.rb +473 -0
  550. data/lib/studium/statistics/show_exam_statistics.rb +60 -0
  551. data/lib/studium/statistics/show_which_courses_are_in_a_bachelor_or_master_curriculum_respectively.rb +104 -0
  552. data/lib/studium/statistics/top_stats.rb +127 -0
  553. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/all_passed_exams.rb +37 -0
  554. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/already_solved_this_lecture.rb +100 -0
  555. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/available_topics.rb +156 -0
  556. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/average_grade.rb +141 -0
  557. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/calculate_pr/303/274fungsimmanente_lectures_from_this_file.rb +55 -0
  558. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/copy_the_last_backup_of_file_lecture_information.rb +34 -0
  559. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/curriculum_related_code.rb +999 -0
  560. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/determine_local_directory_of_this_lecture.rb +72 -0
  561. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/does_this_course_require_mandatory_presence.rb +51 -0
  562. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/download.rb +163 -0
  563. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/e.rb +16 -0
  564. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/ects_from_lectures.rb +250 -0
  565. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/editor.rb +65 -0
  566. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/esystem.rb +22 -0
  567. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/filter_away_invalid_questions.rb +77 -0
  568. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/find_exam_topic_and_exam_title.rb +3442 -0
  569. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/handle_archive_of_the_exam_questions.rb +136 -0
  570. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/has_this_lecture_been_already_passed_but_the_id_was_changed_lateron.rb +42 -0
  571. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/has_this_module_been_completed.rb +206 -0
  572. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/install_the_project_on_the_given_hostsystem.rb +32 -0
  573. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/is_on_roebe.rb +26 -0
  574. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/is_this_exam_topic_included.rb +46 -0
  575. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/is_this_homepage_registered.rb +31 -0
  576. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/is_this_lecture_a_practical_course.rb +100 -0
  577. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/is_this_lecture_registered_in_upcoming_exams.rb +42 -0
  578. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/java.rb +32 -0
  579. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/lecture_information.rb +106 -0
  580. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/lva_numbers.rb +355 -0
  581. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/main_dataset.rb +73 -0
  582. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/methods_related_to_directories.rb +225 -0
  583. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/methods_related_to_files.rb +205 -0
  584. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/misc.rb +169 -0
  585. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/n_questions_available.rb +137 -0
  586. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/n_topics_available.rb +63 -0
  587. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/names_of_all_solved_exams.rb +71 -0
  588. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/note_down_the_start_time_and_how_many_exams_have_been_already_solved.rb +69 -0
  589. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/opnn.rb +25 -0
  590. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/passed_this_exam_on.rb +105 -0
  591. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/pristine.rb +69 -0
  592. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/read_delay_between_questions_from_file.rb +34 -0
  593. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/regexes.rb +90 -0
  594. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/registered_for_this_exam.rb +62 -0
  595. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/remove_comments.rb +26 -0
  596. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/remove_exam_topics_that_were_already_answered.rb +27 -0
  597. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/remove_tags.rb +32 -0
  598. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/report.rb +419 -0
  599. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_all_exams_on_this_day.rb +66 -0
  600. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_dataset_for_this_exam_topic.rb +41 -0
  601. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_div_timetable_of_upcoming_exams.rb +498 -0
  602. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_ects_from_this_lecture_stored_in_the_file_lecture_information.rb +194 -0
  603. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_hash_of_already_solved_lectures.rb +46 -0
  604. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_last_exam_question.rb +34 -0
  605. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_local_path_of_this_pwdstud.rb +60 -0
  606. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_lva_number_of_this_lecture.rb +72 -0
  607. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_n_percent_solved_from_this_topic.rb +90 -0
  608. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_n_questions_were_answered_for_this_topic.rb +60 -0
  609. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_proper_university_image.rb +86 -0
  610. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_question_answer_string_from_this_topic.rb +63 -0
  611. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_remote_homepage_of_this_lecture.rb +9400 -0
  612. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_remote_moodle_link_of_this_lecture.rb +1661 -0
  613. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_sanitized_dataset_from_the_file_lecture_information.rb +110 -0
  614. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/return_theme_of_the_next_upcoming_exam.rb +38 -0
  615. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/rinstall2.rb +34 -0
  616. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/rti_conflict.rb +35 -0
  617. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/runmode.rb +87 -0
  618. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/sanitized_dataset_from_file_passed_exams_per_month.rb +52 -0
  619. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/set_last_file_for_exam_questions.rb +64 -0
  620. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/set_this_cd_alias_to.rb +86 -0
  621. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/show_passed_exams_having_this_grade.rb +34 -0
  622. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/spacer.rb +18 -0
  623. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/time.rb +239 -0
  624. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/total_ects_points_passed.rb +72 -0
  625. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/try_to_guess_the_most_likely_lva_id.rb +57 -0
  626. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/try_to_return_the_expanded_name_of_this_lecture.rb +63 -0
  627. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/unfinished.rb +51 -0
  628. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/url.rb +100 -0
  629. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/verbose_truth.rb +36 -0
  630. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/when_was_this_lecture_passed.rb +54 -0
  631. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/word_wrap.rb +56 -0
  632. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/write_into_file_related_functionality.rb +189 -0
  633. data/lib/studium/toplevel_methods/yes_or_no_ja_oder_nein.rb +33 -0
  634. data/lib/studium/universities_in_austria/README.md +2 -0
  635. data/lib/studium/universities_in_austria/boku/README.md +4 -0
  636. data/lib/studium/universities_in_austria/boku/boku_/303/266ffnungszeiten.rb +28 -0
  637. data/lib/studium/universities_in_austria/boku/show_three_pillars_of_these_lectures.rb +110 -0
  638. data/lib/studium/universities_in_austria/boku/three_pillars.rb +237 -0
  639. data/lib/studium/universities_in_austria/tu_vienna/README.md +6 -0
  640. data/lib/studium/universities_in_austria/tu_vienna/tu_ferien.rb +42 -0
  641. data/lib/studium/universities_in_austria/tu_vienna/tu_/303/266ffnungszeiten.rb +34 -0
  642. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/attribute_lecture_to_curriculum/attribute_boku_lecture_to_curriculum.rb +384 -0
  643. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/attribute_lecture_to_curriculum/attribute_lecture_to_curriculum.rb +238 -0
  644. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/attribute_lectures_to_university/attribute_lectures_to_university.rb +375 -0
  645. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/audio_stats.rb +171 -0
  646. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/auto_stud/auto_stud.rb +252 -0
  647. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/auto_stud/constants.rb +18 -0
  648. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/auto_stud/initialize.rb +23 -0
  649. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/auto_stud/misc.rb +18 -0
  650. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/autopurge_this_lecture_date.rb +93 -0
  651. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/average_grade_of_this_curriculum.rb +101 -0
  652. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/calendar/README.md +2 -0
  653. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/calendar/calendar.rb +251 -0
  654. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/calendar/misc.rb +35 -0
  655. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/check_description_of_these_lectures.rb +221 -0
  656. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/create_database/create_database.rb +106 -0
  657. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/current_lectures_belonging_to_both_bachelor_and_master_curriculum.rb +113 -0
  658. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/currently_participating_in_these_lectures/currently_participating_in_these_lectures.rb +104 -0
  659. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/display_lecture_url.rb +160 -0
  660. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/expand_time_range/expand_time_range.rb +414 -0
  661. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/finished_exams_at_this_university.rb +94 -0
  662. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/foreign_language_percentage/constants.rb +23 -0
  663. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/foreign_language_percentage/foreign_language_percentage.rb +149 -0
  664. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/foreign_language_percentage/help.rb +31 -0
  665. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/foreign_language_percentage/initialize.rb +25 -0
  666. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/foreign_language_percentage/menu.rb +158 -0
  667. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/foreign_language_percentage/report.rb +62 -0
  668. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/foreign_language_percentage/reset.rb +50 -0
  669. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/foreign_language_percentage/run.rb +19 -0
  670. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/generate_spreadsheet/generate_spreadsheet.rb +354 -0
  671. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/generate_spreadsheet/misc.rb +144 -0
  672. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/holidays/holidays.rb +150 -0
  673. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/homepage_of_these_courses.rb +118 -0
  674. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/lecture_downloader.rb +107 -0
  675. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/lectures_attributed_to_universities.rb +336 -0
  676. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/lva_dates_of_the_important_courses.rb +111 -0
  677. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/lva_nummer.rb +431 -0
  678. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/mandatory_lectures_in_this_month/mandatory_lectures_in_this_month.rb +316 -0
  679. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/name_of_this_lva_id.rb +110 -0
  680. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/new_stud.rb +324 -0
  681. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/next_week.rb +103 -0
  682. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/open_last_exam_question_url_link_via_the_browser.rb +76 -0
  683. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/passed_ects_per_year/passed_ects_per_year.rb +177 -0
  684. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/passed_pr/303/274fungsimmanente_courses/passed_pr/303/274fungsimmanente_courses.rb +181 -0
  685. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/pdf/README.md +2 -0
  686. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/pdf/create_pdf_file_for_this_exam_topic.rb +355 -0
  687. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/pdf/hexapdf_support.rb +50 -0
  688. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/preparatory_meetings/preparatory_meetings.rb +312 -0
  689. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/priority.rb +164 -0
  690. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/priority_points/priority_points.rb +263 -0
  691. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/publish_my_exams.rb +174 -0
  692. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/regexes/README.md +1 -0
  693. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/regexes/generate_regex.rb +300 -0
  694. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/regexes/generate_regexes_for_the_available_moodle_links.rb +55 -0
  695. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/regexes/generate_regexes_for_the_registered_lectures.rb +48 -0
  696. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/report_outdated_timetable_entries/report_outdated_timetable_entries.rb +142 -0
  697. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/report_total_amount_of_questions_and_answers_for.rb +116 -0
  698. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/report_whether_this_lecture_is_registered_in_the_file_lecture_information.rb +128 -0
  699. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/resolve_practical_courses_date_conflicts/individual_resolve_practical_courses_date_conflicts.rb +254 -0
  700. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/resolve_practical_courses_date_conflicts/resolve_practical_courses_date_conflicts.rb +265 -0
  701. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/scrape_remote_university_url.rb +138 -0
  702. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/semester_schedule_creator/semester_container.rb +144 -0
  703. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/semester_schedule_creator/semester_schedule_creator.rb +374 -0
  704. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/semesterplaner.rb +289 -0
  705. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/set_aliases_based_on_this_file.rb +95 -0
  706. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_all_passed_master_lectures.rb +119 -0
  707. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_conflicting_lva_lectures/show_conflicting_lva_lectures.rb +1238 -0
  708. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_descriptions_of_lectures_belonging_to_this_module/constants.rb +23 -0
  709. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_descriptions_of_lectures_belonging_to_this_module/menu.rb +63 -0
  710. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_descriptions_of_lectures_belonging_to_this_module/reset.rb +33 -0
  711. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_descriptions_of_lectures_belonging_to_this_module/run.rb +50 -0
  712. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_descriptions_of_lectures_belonging_to_this_module/show_descriptions_of_lectures_belonging_to_this_module.rb +145 -0
  713. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lecturers/show_lecturers.rb +147 -0
  714. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures/constants.rb +11 -0
  715. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures/help.rb +34 -0
  716. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures/initialize.rb +23 -0
  717. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures/menu.rb +127 -0
  718. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures/misc.rb +584 -0
  719. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures/reset.rb +89 -0
  720. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures/run.rb +27 -0
  721. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures/show_lectures.rb +48 -0
  722. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_fitting_to_this_language/show_lectures_fitting_to_this_language.rb +121 -0
  723. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_fitting_to_this_theme/show_lectures_fitting_to_this_theme.rb +105 -0
  724. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/constants.rb +17 -0
  725. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/determine.rb +673 -0
  726. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/help.rb +44 -0
  727. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/html.rb +605 -0
  728. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/initialize.rb +56 -0
  729. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/konsole.rb +32 -0
  730. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/menu.rb +472 -0
  731. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/misc.rb +837 -0
  732. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/reset.rb +121 -0
  733. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/run.rb +44 -0
  734. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/show.rb +106 -0
  735. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/show_lectures_on_the_commandline.rb +261 -0
  736. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_the_commandline/sorted_individual_curricula.rb +121 -0
  737. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lectures_on_this_day.rb +149 -0
  738. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_lva_dates_of_this_lecture.rb +169 -0
  739. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_mixed_bachelor_master_courses/show_mixed_bachelor_master_courses.rb +91 -0
  740. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_outdated_lva_dates/show_outdated_lva_dates.rb +210 -0
  741. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/show_solved_english_lectures/show_solved_english_lectures.rb +139 -0
  742. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/steop/README.md +4 -0
  743. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/steop/show_all_steop_lectures.rb +93 -0
  744. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/steop/steop_lectures_in_this_curriculum.rb +284 -0
  745. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/steop/steop_lva_dates.rb +119 -0
  746. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/studienkennzahl.rb +116 -0
  747. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/studium_skeleton/studium_skeleton.rb +227 -0
  748. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/stundenplan.rb +595 -0
  749. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/sync_studium_relevant_entries_one_level_downwards.rb +217 -0
  750. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/ufind/ufind.rb +98 -0
  751. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/upcoming_mandatory_presence_courses/constants.rb +26 -0
  752. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/upcoming_mandatory_presence_courses/run.rb +20 -0
  753. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/upcoming_mandatory_presence_courses/upcoming_mandatory_presence_courses.rb +181 -0
  754. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/week_parser/constants.rb +23 -0
  755. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/week_parser/help.rb +32 -0
  756. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/week_parser/menu.rb +59 -0
  757. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/week_parser/misc.rb +373 -0
  758. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/week_parser/reset.rb +65 -0
  759. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/week_parser/run.rb +18 -0
  760. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/week_parser/show.rb +236 -0
  761. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/week_parser/week_parser.rb +49 -0
  762. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/weekday_parser.rb +155 -0
  763. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/weekly_schedule.rb +198 -0
  764. data/lib/studium/utility_scripts/wochenplanung.rb +261 -0
  765. data/lib/studium/version/version.rb +46 -0
  766. data/lib/studium/www/curricula_displayer.cgi +197 -0
  767. data/lib/studium/www/curriculum_displayer.rb +162 -0
  768. data/lib/studium/www/exams.cgi +53 -0
  769. data/lib/studium/www/fast_ask_exam_question.cgi +155 -0
  770. data/lib/studium/www/sinatra/app.rb +231 -0
  771. data/lib/studium/www/sinatra/misc.rb +115 -0
  772. data/lib/studium/www/statistics/statistics.cgi +59 -0
  773. data/lib/studium/yaml/ad_hoc_trainer/README.md +2 -0
  774. data/lib/studium/yaml/ad_hoc_trainer/exam_topics.md +15 -0
  775. data/lib/studium/yaml/allowed_themes_for_exams.yml +344 -0
  776. data/lib/studium/yaml/array_allowed_entries_for_the_file_lecture_information.yml +70 -0
  777. data/lib/studium/yaml/available_exam_topics/available_exam_topics.yml +234 -0
  778. data/lib/studium/yaml/backlog_of_exams.yml +37 -0
  779. data/lib/studium/yaml/colours/custom_colours.yml +28 -0
  780. data/lib/studium/yaml/colours/use_colours.yml +1 -0
  781. data/lib/studium/yaml/current_exams.yml +19 -0
  782. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/README.md +9 -0
  783. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_agrarwissenschaften_033255.yml +142 -0
  784. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_biologie_basisblock_033630.yml +65 -0
  785. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_biologie_botanik_033630.yml +84 -0
  786. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_biologie_ecology_033630.yml +74 -0
  787. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_biologie_mikrobiologie_und_genetik_033630.yml +120 -0
  788. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_biologie_molekulare_biologie_033630.yml +104 -0
  789. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_biologie_zoologie_033630.yml +87 -0
  790. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_chemie_033662.yml +165 -0
  791. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_dummy_curriculum.yml +183 -0
  792. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_elektrotechnik_und_informationstechnik_033235.yml +13 -0
  793. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_forstwirtschaft_033225.yml +115 -0
  794. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_informatik_033521.yml +130 -0
  795. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_ktww_033231.yml +84 -0
  796. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_lmbt_033217.yml +118 -0
  797. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_medizinische_informatik_033533.yml +203 -0
  798. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_molekularbiologie_033665.yml +95 -0
  799. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_nutrition_science_033638.yml +119 -0
  800. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_pharmazie_033305.yml +170 -0
  801. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_technische_chemie_033290.yml +129 -0
  802. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_technische_informatik_033535.yml +23 -0
  803. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_ubrm_033227.yml +136 -0
  804. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_verfahrenstechnik_033273.yml +167 -0
  805. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/bachelor/bachelor_wirtschaftsinformatik_033526.yml +29 -0
  806. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/individual/bachelor_informatik_und_molekulare_biologie.yml +1161 -0
  807. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/individual/bachelor_vector_based_strategies_in_life_sciences_molecular_medicine_and_biotechnology.yml +1157 -0
  808. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/individual/master_bioinformatics_and_nanobiotechnology_in_molecular_medicine.yml +306 -0
  809. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/individual/master_vector_based_strategies_in_life_sciences_molecular_medicine_and_biotechnology.yml +741 -0
  810. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/master/master_bioinformatik_066875.yml +76 -0
  811. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/master/master_biologie_molekulare_mikrobiologie_mikrobielle_oekologie_und_immunbiologie_066830.yml +78 -0
  812. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/master/master_biologische_chemie_066863.yml +61 -0
  813. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/master/master_dummy_curriculum.yml +197 -0
  814. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/master/master_genetik_und_entwicklungsbiologie_066877.yml +89 -0
  815. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/master/master_lmbt_066418.yml +111 -0
  816. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/master/master_molekulare_biologie_066834.yml +142 -0
  817. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/master/master_pharmazie_066605.yml +170 -0
  818. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/master/master_technische_chemie_066490.yml +123 -0
  819. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/outdated/master_bioinformatics_and_molecular_biotechnology_including_aspects_from_molecular_medicine.yml +438 -0
  820. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula/outdated/master_food_science_and_plant_biotechnology.yml +31 -0
  821. data/lib/studium/yaml/curricula.yml +538 -0
  822. data/lib/studium/yaml/daily_questions_solved.yml +1468 -0
  823. data/lib/studium/yaml/default_delay.yml +4 -0
  824. data/lib/studium/yaml/default_encoding.yml +1 -0
  825. data/lib/studium/yaml/directory_to_the_exam_topics.yml +0 -0
  826. data/lib/studium/yaml/editor.yml +1 -0
  827. data/lib/studium/yaml/file_for_exam_questions.yml +1 -0
  828. data/lib/studium/yaml/german/README.md +2 -0
  829. data/lib/studium/yaml/german/german_to_english_month_names.yml +16 -0
  830. data/lib/studium/yaml/grouped_themes.yml +192 -0
  831. data/lib/studium/yaml/holidays.yml +194 -0
  832. data/lib/studium/yaml/important_exams.yml +226 -0
  833. data/lib/studium/yaml/inscription_dates_of_universities.yml +60 -0
  834. data/lib/studium/yaml/lecture_aliases.yml +138 -0
  835. data/lib/studium/yaml/lecture_information/lecture_information.yml +55870 -0
  836. data/lib/studium/yaml/log_dir.yml +1 -0
  837. data/lib/studium/yaml/main_topic.yml +11 -0
  838. data/lib/studium/yaml/max_stats.yml +241 -0
  839. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/README.md +13 -0
  840. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/biochemistry.md +6 -0
  841. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/bioinformatics.md +6 -0
  842. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/biotechnology.md +9 -0
  843. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/chemistry.md +9 -0
  844. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/genetics.md +10 -0
  845. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/immunology.md +5 -0
  846. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/metabolic_pathways.md +12 -0
  847. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/molecular_biology.md +9 -0
  848. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/protein_engineering.md +10 -0
  849. data/lib/studium/yaml/meta_themes/statistics.md +2 -0
  850. data/lib/studium/yaml/mitbelegung/README.md +4 -0
  851. data/lib/studium/yaml/mitbelegung/mitbelegung.yml +23 -0
  852. data/lib/studium/yaml/mitteilungsbl/303/244tter/mitteilungsbl/303/244tter.yml +363 -0
  853. data/lib/studium/yaml/n_total_questions.yml +1 -0
  854. data/lib/studium/yaml/rename_konsole_tab.yml +1 -0
  855. data/lib/studium/yaml/show_topic.yml +1 -0
  856. data/lib/studium/yaml/statistics/max_stats.yml +239 -0
  857. data/lib/studium/yaml/statistics/statistics.yml +69 -0
  858. data/lib/studium/yaml/week/01_monday.yml +5 -0
  859. data/lib/studium/yaml/week/02_tuesday.yml +75 -0
  860. data/lib/studium/yaml/week/03_wednesday.yml +62 -0
  861. data/lib/studium/yaml/week/04_thursday.yml +14 -0
  862. data/lib/studium/yaml/week/05_friday.yml +31 -0
  863. data/lib/studium/yaml/week/06_saturday.yml +16 -0
  864. data/lib/studium/yaml/week/07_sunday.yml +0 -0
  865. data/lib/studium/yaml/week/README.md +13 -0
  866. data/lib/studium.rb +5 -0
  867. data/studium.gemspec +80 -0
  868. data/test/testing_studium.rb +244 -0
  869. data/test/testing_studium_base_class.rb +17 -0
  870. data/test/testing_time_component.rb +29 -0
  871. metadata +1078 -0
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
1
+ # =========================================================================== #
2
+ # === The Microbiome
3
+ #
4
+ # This file collects exam-relevant information about the human
5
+ # microbiome.
6
+ # =========================================================================== #
7
+
8
+ - Is <one>obesity</one> associated with <two>reduced diversity of the gut microbiota</two>? Yes. []
9
+ - The <one>mucus layer</one> in the human gut is often attacked by sulfide, from the gut bacteria. But how is this sulfide produced? It is <one>produced by amino acid fermentation</one>.
10
+ - Can <one>human epithelial cells</one> make use of <lightseagreen>SCFAs</lightseagreen> in order to gain energy? Yes. []
11
+ - Give an example as to why we may conclude that <one>colonization</one> occurs <two>post-birth</two> in humans. A: The <one>early meconium harbors no detectable bacteria</one>. This is a very strong indicator.
12
+ - Does the Microbiome include <one>viruses</one>? Yes. []
13
+ - Is <one>the human gut microbiota</one> <two>highly variable</two> within a single subject? Yes. []
14
+ - Can <one>flagellated bacteria</one> penetrate the large intestinal mucous barrier? Yes. []
15
+ - Name a way how we can <one>deplete</one> the <two>murine gut microbiota</two>. A: We could use <one>an antibiotic cocktail</one>.
16
+ - In general: do typical gut microbes <one>outcompete</one> foreign species that have already colonized the gut? Yes. []
17
+ - Is <one>Western nutrition</one> associated with reduced microbial diversity and functions? Yes. []
18
+ - Does <one>vertical microbiome transmission</one> occur during birth, e. g. <two>transmission from the mother to the newborn child</two>? Yes. []
19
+ - How do we call the microbiota formed by <one>viruses</one>? This is the <one>virome</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virome []
20
+ - Name one significantly increased species in the <one>Parkinson's disease</one>. A: <one>Akkermansia muciniphila</one>.
21
+ - The small lectin-like protein <one>ZG16</one> aggregates bacteria and by that works together with the inner colon mucus layer to maintain bacteria at a safe distance from the epithelial cell surface. What does ZG stand for, here? <one>Zymogen granulae protein</one>.
22
+ - Name something that can be considered key to mucosal barrier protection and homeostasis. A: <one>Anti-flagellin antibodies</one>.
23
+ - The <one>microbiome</one> may produce <lime>SCFAs</lime>, through <one>microbial fermentation</one>. What is meant with this abbreviation? This refers to <one>short-chain fatty acids</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-chain_fatty_acid
24
+ - What are <one>macrobiota</one>? For example, commensals or parasites, <one>helminths</one>, <one>mites</one>.
25
+ - <one>Chronic ethanol consumption</one> in alcoholics results in alterations to the microbiota. We can see a decrease in <lightseagreen>Bacteroidetes</lightseagreen> and an increase in ... which bacterium? <one>Proteobacteria</one>.
26
+ - GAL ist <one>3-O-β-D-galactose</one>. GAL kann in das Cytoplasma aufgenommen werden über <lightseagreen>MFS Proteine</lightseagreen>. Wofür steht hier die Abkürzung MFS? <one>Major facilitator superfamily</one>.
27
+ - <one>Segmented filamentous bacteria</one>, at the least in the mouse gut area, can be broadly divided into which two parts, when we look at such a bacterium? (1) <one>undifferentiated filament</one> (2) <one>differentiating filament</one>
28
+ - What is meant with the term <one>pathobiont</one>? A pathobiont is a microbe that colonizes a healthy host, and which can contribute to or <one>elicite disease</one> under certain conditions, such as in a genetically susceptible host.
29
+ - <lightseagreen>SFB colonization</lightseagreen> (<one>Segmented Filamentous Bacterium</one>) confers protection from infection by ..., for example ? <one>Citrobacter rodentium</one>.
30
+ - <one>Segmented filamentous bacteria</one> tend to have ... what kind of offspring? <one>Intracellular offspring</one>, which are eventually released at one end.
31
+ - Does <one>Immunoglobulin A</one> regulate the composition of the microbiota? Yes.
32
+ - <one>SCFAs</one> serve as energy sources for epithelial cells and also support barrier function via ... factors. A: <one>Hypoxia-inducible factors</one>.
33
+ - The <one>human gut is a bioreactor</one> with a microbiota that typically encompasses hundreds or thousands of bacterial taxa, which predominantly belong to ... which two phyla? (1) <one>Bacteroidetes</one> (2) <one>Firmicutes</one>
34
+ - Are <one>environmental microbes</one> part of the <lightseagreen>holobiont</lightseagreen>? No.
35
+ - <one>Activation of PRRs</one>, such as TLRs and the NOD-like receptors NOD1 and NOD2, is directly coupled to the production of ... ? <one>Antimicrobial peptides</one>.
36
+ - Name three different <one>diseases</one> in which an altered microbiota may play a role in. A: (1) <one>Obesity</one> (2) Type 1 and 2 diabetes (3) <one>Cancer</one>
37
+ - <one>Intestinal epithelial cells</one> of germ-free mice have a low level of methylation on the gene that encodes ... ? The <one>lipopolysaccharide sensor</one> <springgreen>TLR4</springgreen>.
38
+ - Is <one>spore-forming</one> a viable strategy in regards to the human gut microbiota? Yes.
39
+ - In the gut, <one>sulfur amino acids</one> (methionine, cystine, cysteine, and taurine) are fermented or respired to ... ? <one>H2S</one>.
40
+ - Why can it be said, in general, that <one>alcoholics</one> face a greater risk for bacterial infections? Because the <one>intestinal permeability is increased</one> in at the least a subset of alcoholics, thus increasing the risk for bacterial translocation.
41
+ - The <one>gut microbiota</one> carries a large diversity of (multimodular) so-called <lightseagreen>CAZymes</lightseagreen>. What is this abbreviation? This is <one>carbohydrate-active enzymes</one>.
42
+ - In the mucus layer of the human gut, we can see a complex mixture of proteins, dominated by heavily .... <one>mucin glycoproteins</one>, that are modified how? They are <one>heavily O-glycosylated</one>.
43
+ - Is the <one>enterotype</one> a useful predictor of disease development in the human gut? <one>No</one>.
44
+ - Andere Bezeichnung für den Begriff <one>Holobiont</one>? <one>Superorganismus</one>.
45
+ - Does <one>the skin microbiota</one> utilize nutrients from sweat? Yes; it can collect <one>proteins</one> and <one>lipids</one> from sweat.
46
+ - <one>Ecological niches</one> in the gut are defined by ... ? The <one>available nutrients</one>.
47
+ - Name a substance that is produced in the human gut that is not an enzyme, but still <one>may destabilize the mucin structure</one>. A: <one>Sulfide</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfide
48
+ - Does a <one>gut-microbiome-brain axis</one> exist? Sort of; mental diseases, such as <one>depression</one>, may be associated with the gut microbiota.
49
+ - In regards to the human microbiome: one major question is what the <one>core</one> is. What is meant with the <one>core</one> in this regard? This refers to the question as to whether there is a subset of the community that is <one>shared among most humans</one>.
50
+ - In regards to <one>non-pathogenic microorganisms in the human gut</one>: can they normally harm the human host, despite being localized and non-pathogenic? Yes - for example, <one>via the metabolites they produce</one>.
51
+ - In a healthy human subject, which is <one>the most abundant genus in the gut</one>? <one>Bacteroides</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteroides
52
+ - In regards to the human microbiome: what is meant with the term <one>dysbiosis</one>? Dysbiosis refers to an ill-defined state of the intestinal microbial community, which is usually associated with <one>numerous human diseases</one>.
53
+ - <one>Acetogenic anaerobes</one> versus <one>non-acetogenic anaerobes</one>: who of these two comprise most of the microbiota? The <one>non-acetogenic anaerobes</one>.
54
+ - <one>Germ-free mice</one> versus <one>conventional mice</one>: who of these two live longer? <one>Germ-free mice</one>.
55
+ - Essentially, the <one>Toll-like receptors</one> and the <one>nucleotide-binding oligomerization receptors</one> constitute ... what kind of system? A <one>surveillance system</one>.
56
+ - <one>Bilophila wadsworthia</one> ferments and respires ... which substance in the human gut? A: <one>Taurine</one>.
57
+ - The <one>small lectin-like protein ZG16</one> is very important for the human gut. What happens if there is no Zg16? More bacteria will, ultimately, <one>penetrate through the gut epithelium into the human host</one>.
58
+ - The microbiome is <one>context-dependent</one>. Give an example that demonstrates this statement. A: The <springgreen>gut microbiome</springgreen> of <one>a healthy pregnant woman</one> in the third trimester resembles the microbiome of <one>a metabolic syndrome patient</one>.
59
+ - Some <one>Helicobacter pylori strains</one> express a protein called ..., which is injected directly into the cytoplasm of host cells and modulates b-catenin to drive gastric cancer. A: <one>CagA</one>.
60
+ - <one>Mucin glycans</one> are sampled by dendritic cells and promote tolerance, by down-regulating what? <one>NF-kB</one>.
61
+ - <one>Enterotoxigenic B. fragilis</one>, which is enriched in some human colorectal cancers, can stimulate E-cadherin cleavage via <lime>Btf</lime>, leading to ... activation. A: <one>B-catenin activation</one>.
62
+ - What is meant with the term <one>vertical microbiome transmission</one>? This refers to the transmission of the microbiome from the mother at <one>birth</one> to the baby/newborn.
63
+ - In regards to the microbiome: what does the abbreviation <one>SFB</one> stand for? <one>Segmented Filamentous Bacterium</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmented_filamentous_bacteria
64
+ - The <one>vaginal microflora</one> consist mostly of ... which bacteria group? <one>Lactobacillus species</one>.
65
+ - How will <one>a dietary iron limitation</one> change the butyrate and propionate formation in the human gut? It will <one>decrease the production</one>; under this condition, lactobacilli and proteobacteria are favoured.
66
+ - Are <one>SCFAs</one> important for epithelial human cells? Yes - they serve as <one>energy sources</one> for <mediumseagreen>epithelial cells</mediumseagreen>.
67
+ - The gut microbiome may influence more complex factors such as obesity. How many people were obese in 2014, viewed globally? About <one>600 million people</one>.
68
+ - <one>Bacteroides fragilis</one> boosts the production of IL-10 by Treg cells of the colon via ... from the bacterium's capsule. A: <one>Polysaccharide A</one>.
69
+ - Can <one>bile acids</one> inhibit some microbes in the gut? Yes; but some microbes can modify bile acids - or even use them as substrates.
70
+ - What is the primary job of ZG16 (Zymogen granulae, a lectin-like protein) in the human gut? ZG16 is important for a safe normal host-bacteria symbiosis. It does not kill commensal bacteria, but limits bacterial translocation into the human host.
71
+ - If you were to name but one method that has helped the microbiome research the most, which one would that may? Most likely <one>the sequencing techniques</one>, in particular the reduction in sequencing costs experienced over the past years/decade.
72
+ - Do germ-free mice lacking a microbiota have <one>reduced adiposity</one>? Yes.
73
+ - Can the gut microbiome synthesize <one>serotonin</one>? Yes - some species of gut bacteria are capable of doing so.
74
+ - Name <one>a small lectin-like protein</one> that can aggregate bacteria in the human gut, and by that works together with the inner colon mucus layer to maintain bacteria at a safe distance from the epithelial cell surface. A: <one>ZG16</one>.
75
+ - <one>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</one> promotes the accumulation of IL-10-expressing T cells. It is underrepresented in people with ... ? <one>Inflammatory bowel disease</one>.
76
+ - How does the human microbiome change in regards to diversity, as the individual <one>ages</one>? The <one>diversity will decrease</one>.
77
+ - Does <one>enrichment of a microbe at a tumor site</one> mean that this microbe is directly associated in the disease? No.
78
+ - Gut bacteria can modulate the lifespan in at the least one species. Name that species. A: Gut bacteria can modulate the longevity in <one>C. elegans</one>.
79
+ - Does the <one>human milk</one> influence the infant's perinatal gut microbiome? Yes. Milk increases the diversity and functionality of the infant's perinatal gut microbiome in general.
80
+ - Name a technique which can be used for <one>functional microbiome analysis</one>. A: <one>Stable isotope probing</one>.
81
+ - From the point of view of the microbiome: give another term for the expression <one>Man & Microbes</one>. A: <one>The human holobiont</one>.
82
+ - Do <one>protists</one> belong to the human microbiota? Yes.
83
+ - The gut is also called <one>our second brain</one>. Give a better, more scientific name for this part of the gut. A: The <one>enteric nervous system</one> (<royalblue>ENS</royalblue>). URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system
84
+ - Can the <one>microbiota</one> regulate the trafficking of myeloid cells in the gut? Yes.
85
+ - In regards to the beneficial microbiota: what does the <one>Insurance hypothesis</one> postulate? It postulates that <springgreen>high biodiversity</springgreen> insures the ecosystem against decreases in their functionality, due to <one>high resilience</one>.
86
+ - Name a bacterium from the human gut that <one>reduces anxiety</one> in a vagus nerve-dependent manner. A: <one>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</one>.
87
+ - The <one>Sushi-eating</one> gut bacteria gained new functions ... how? Through <one>Lateral Gene Transfer</one> (<royalblue>LGT</royalblue>).
88
+ - The <one>enteric nervous system</one> (<lightseagreen>ENS</lightseagreen>) (<peru>gut brain</peru>) also produces some neurotransmitters, in particular 95% of the body's ... ? <one>Serotonin</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin
89
+ - The human gut may include different Enterotypes. The <one>Prevotella</one> may show an inverse abundance compared to the ... ? <one>Bacteroides</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevotella
90
+ - The human microbiome (metagenome) can be studied through <one>shotgun sequencing</one>. Name one big advantage of this approach. A: Because it is frequently difficult to culture communities of bacteria in the laboratory, sequencing technologies can be used that avoid the requirement to culture every bacterium; which avoids the problem of <one>some bacteria not being culturable in the laboratory</one> due to a variety of reasons.
91
+ - Name one significantly decreased bacterial species in the <one>Parkinson's disease</one>. A: <one>Prevotella copri</one>.
92
+ - The main afferent pathway from the abdominal cavity to the brain, as <one>a nerve</one>, is called ... ? The <one>Vagus nerve</one>.
93
+ - High-affinity <one>secretory IgA</one> response depends on Th17 cells expressing ROR. What does ROR stand for? <one>RAR-related orphan receptor</one>.
94
+ - The <one>skin microbiota</one> educates ... ? The innate and adaptive arms of the <one>cutaneous immune system</one>.
95
+ - The human gut is like a network of co-occurring microorganisms centered around one <one>indicator taxon</one>. Give another name for the <one>indicator taxon</one>. A: <one>Driver taxon</one>.
96
+ - The <one>human microbiome</one> contains about how many different species? This ecosystem has <one>more than 1000 different species</one>.
97
+ - <one>Archaea</one> are present in the human gut. The dominant group are ... ? The <one>methanogens</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanogen
98
+ - Is the <one>gut microbiota</one> stable over time in healthy individuals? Yes.
99
+ - Name a <one>dysbiosis-related diseases</one>, related to the human microbiome. A: The <one>inflammatory bowel disease</one> (<royalblue>IBD</royalblue> - an umbrella term used to describe disorders that involve chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, in humans). URL: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/inflammatory-bowel-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353315
100
+ - Do <one>rhematoid arthritis patients</one> show altered gut microbiomes? Yes.
101
+ - In an <one>aging individual</one>, in its gut microbiome, there is a general loss of Firmicutes and an increase in B ... ? <one>Bacteroidetes</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteroidetes
102
+ - In the microbiome research, the <one>Anna Karenina Principle</one> (AKP) is important. What does this principle state? All happy families are all alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
103
+ - The <one>skin microbiota</one> of a healthy human adult is affected by environmental perturbations. Does it <lightseagreen>remain stable over time</lightseagreen>? Yes.
104
+ - Is the <one>placenta</one> a barrier in regards to microbes? Yes.
105
+ - In regards to the microbiome: what is meant with the slogan <one>strong fences make good neighbors</one>? This refers to the important role of the <one>secreted mucus layer</one>.
106
+ - Why is a <one>compromised mucus layer</one> a problem? Because it <one>may promote inflammation and infection</one>.
107
+ - A <one>compromised mucus layer</one> may promote which two cellular events? (1) <one>inflammation</one> (2) <one>infection</one>
108
+ - Name <one>three general beneficial microbiota functions</one>. A: (1) The microbiota <one>helps break down the food</one> that is taken in (2) The microbiota produces important metabolites for our body, such as <one>vitamins</one> (3) The microbiota <one>help protect us against infections</one>
109
+ - <one>IgA</one> can be secreted into the human gut. Aside from in general binding to epitopes there, which functionality is in particular very important here, in the gut? IgA can bind to flagellin of bacteria; it is thus an <one>anti-flagellin</one> strategy used to <mediumseagreen>combat the motility of bacteria</mediumseagreen>.
110
+ - Mice displaying autism-like behaviors have a significantly altered microbiome. Treatment with <one>Bacteroides</one> ... was able to restore the intestinal permeability defects in a mouse model of Autism spectrum disorder. A: <one>Bacteroides fragilis</one>.
111
+ - Colonization of the human microbiome <one>begins</one> at ... ? At <one>birth</one>.
112
+ - Do we know of any human gut microbe that can produce the neurotransmitter <one>tryptamine</one>? Yes. Tryptamine can, in these cases, be produced through decarboxylation of tryptophan.
113
+ - <one>Mucin glycans</one> in the human gut are sampled by which cells? By the <one>dendritic cells</one>.
114
+ - Does a <one>healthy microbiome</one> exist? No.
115
+ - Can the gut bacteria modulate longevity in <one>C. elegans</one>? Yes.
116
+ - During delivery of a baby, newborns are exposed to <one>vaginal microbes</one> such as ... ? <one>Lactobacillus</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus
117
+ - What are <one>MAMPs</one>? <one>Microbial-associated molecular patterns</one>, such as lipopolysaccharide or flagellin.
118
+ - You are what ... eat. A: <one>your microbes</one> eat.
119
+ - Can we reduce the pathology associated with an increased neuroinflammation such as in <one>Parkinson's disease</one>, through antibiotic treatment? Yes, we can, curiously enough.
120
+ - Can we find <one>Archaea</one> in the human gut? Yes.
121
+ - The <lightseagreen>gut microbiome</lightseagreen> includes the <one>enteric nervous system</one> (ENS). How many neurons can we find there? About <one>500 million neurons</one>.
122
+ - In regards to the human microbiome: give another name for the term <one>self-regeneration</one>. A: The <one>resilience phenomenon</one>.
123
+ - Give a prominent example of a bacterial species in the human microbiota that is associated with intestinal inflammation, beginning with the letter <one>B</one>. A: <one>Bilophila wadsworthia</one>.
124
+ - The <one>insurance hypothesis</one> states that biodiversity insures ecosystems against decreases in ... ? <one>their functionality</one>.
125
+ - The microbiota found in the human gut can include <one>up to about n different bacterial species</one>, per individual? About <one>400 individual species</one>.
126
+ - Give an example for a <one>pathobiont</one>. A: <one>Helicobacter hepaticus</one>.
127
+ - The <one>enteric nervous system</one> (ENS) produces how many different neurotransmitters? About <one>40</one>.
128
+ - In <one>Freter's nutrient niche model</one> species a abundance is determined by ... how many limiting nutrients? By <one>a single limiting nutrient</one> (<royalblue>n1</royalblue>).
129
+ - Does the development of myeloid-cells change when there is an absence of microbiota? Yes - the <one>myelod-cell development is reduced in the absence of microbiota</one>, leading to a delayed clearance of infections.
130
+ - RS is considered to be <one>a prebiotic</one> that confers health benefits. What does RS stand for here? <one>Resistant starch</one>.
131
+ - Does the human microbiome change in <one>diversity</one> in an aging individual? Yes; it will <one>decrease</one> in general as the individual gets older.
132
+ - Can the <one>microbiome</one> influence the <lightseagreen>blood-brain barrier</lightseagreen> integrity? Yes.
133
+ - Name two common <one>neonatal gut microbes</one> (species). A: (1) <one>Lactobacillus</one> (2) <one>Staphylococcus</one>
134
+ - A <one>dysbiosis</one> in the human gut is bad, but which form of dysbiosis is even worse? A <one>resilient form of dysbiosis</one> is even worse.
135
+ - Can <one>host-associated microbes</one> be acquired from the environment? Yes, most certainly so.
136
+ - Do the <one>mucin glycans</one> in the human gut <lightseagreen>promote tolerance</lightseagreen>? Yes, through the <one>dendritic cells</one> there.
137
+ - Is the human gut an <one>eutrophic enviroment</one>? Yes, of course.
138
+ - Are <lime>viruses</lime> included in the microbiota? <one>Yes</one>.
139
+ - Say that someone claims that depression may be related to the gut. Why is this a difficult topic? Because this is <one>often studied through animal models</one>, in particular the mouse, which may not necessarily reflect the situation in humans.
140
+ - Name three <one>different skin microenvironments</one>. A: (1) <one>sebaceous or oily</one> (2) <one>moist</one> (3) <one>dry</one>
141
+ - Name two ways how <one>the core gut microbiota</one> can be influenced, in their taxa-composition. A: (1) influenced by <one>major diet shifts</one> (2) influenced by <one>antibiotics</one>
142
+ - Regulatory peptides such as <one>g...</one> influence the control of food intake and regulation of energy balance. A: <one>Ghrelin</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghrelin
143
+ - In regards to the human microbiome: <one>Pathobionts</one> may promote ... which adverse state? They may <one>promote intestinal inflammation</one>.
144
+ - The human gut contains <one>Enterotypes</one> (bacteria). The three big ones start with the letter B, P, F, respectively. Name these. A: (1) Enterotype 1 (B): <one>Bacteroides</one> (2) Enterotype 2 (P): <one>Prevotella</one> (inverse abundance to Bacteroides) (3) Enterotype 3 (F): <one>Firmicutes</one>
145
+ - Which <one>bacteria group</one> has a strong capacity for inducing the accumulation of Treg cells in the colon? <one>Clostridia</one>.
146
+ - In regards to the microbiome: what is meant with the term <one>transcriptional reprogramming</one>? This refers to a bacterial colonization that can lead to <one>a massive change in host gene expression</one>.
147
+ - What is the <one>Hologenome</one>? This refers to <one>the complete genetic content of the host genome, its organelles' genomes, and its microbiome</one>.
148
+ - Which bacteria group in the human gut may be associated with <one>major depressive disorders</one>? <one>Bacteroides</one>.
149
+ - Name a <one>human gut microbe</one> that can produce the neurotransmitter tryptamine. A: <one>Clostridium sporogenes</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_sporogenes
150
+ - What is meant with the term <one>onco-microbes</one>? This refers to <one>microbial contribution to cancer</one>.
151
+ - Say that a human is deficient in IgA. They may have more bacteria from taxa with which detrimental effect? They may have more bacteria with potentially <one>inflammatory properties</one>.
152
+ - <one>Mucosal IgA</one> is secreted across the epithelium by binding to ... which receptor? The <one>polymeric immunoglobulin receptor</one>.
153
+ - If we delete innate immune receptors in the intestinal epithelial cells, what may be the ultimate effect of this? This will lead to breaches in the epithelial barrier, thus <one>predisposing tissue to inflammation</one>.
154
+ - What is a <one>Holobiont</one>? A Holobiont is a unit of biological organization composed of <one>a host</one> and <one>its microbiota</one>.
155
+ - Some commensal bacteria and pathogens may degrade the mucus layer in the human gut. They may then make use of <one>proteases</one>, but also which other group of enzymes that may degrade the mucus? The <one>glycoside hydrolases</one>.
156
+ - In the <one>mucus layer</one> of the human gut: which <lightseagreen>glycoproteins</lightseagreen> dominate there, in general? <one>O-glycosylated mucin glycoproteins</one>.
157
+ - Give an example for <one>environmental stress</one> in regards to the human microbiome. A: <one>Smoking</one>.
158
+ - The microbiome of babies born via <one>C-section</one> is dominated by ... what kind of bacteria? Skin bacteria such as <one>Staphylococcus</one> or <one>Corynebacterium</one>.
159
+ - What is meant with the term <one>a personalized microbiome</one>, essentially? That any two random people have very few microbial species in common, in their microbiome.
160
+ - What is meant with the term <one>Microbiota</one>? This refers to <one>the microbial community</one> in or on a host - including bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi.
161
+ - ... are descriptors of the human gut microbiota landscape. A: <one>Enterotypes</one>.
162
+ - What is meant with the term <one>fundamental niche</one>? This refers to the resources a species is theoretically capable of using.
163
+ - What do we mean with the term <one>gnotobiotic animals</one>? This refers to animals that are <one>born in aseptic conditions</one>.
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
1
+ # =========================================================================== #
2
+ # === Everything about the universe
3
+ # =========================================================================== #
4
+
5
+ - Eine <one>Galaxie</one> besteht per Definition aus n Sternen? <one>10⁹</one>.
6
+ - Bei unserer Sonne: wieso erscheinen Sonnenflecken dünkler als die übrige Sonnenoberfläche? Da sie deutlich kühler als ihre Umgebung sind.
7
+ - Wie nennen wir die <one>Sonnenoberfläche</one>? <one>Photosphäre</one>.
8
+ - <one>Das Alter unseres Sonnensystems</one> beträgt n Jahre? Etwa <one>4,5682 Milliarde Jahre</one>, mit einer Abweichung von +200.000 bis -400.000 Jahren. URL: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnensystem#Alter
9
+ - Die Sonne in unserem Sonnensystem besteht, in etwa, aus n% Wasserstoff? Aus etwa 73.5%.
10
+ - <one>Dwarf planets</one> in our solar system can often be found 30-50 Au from the sun away, in ... ? The <one>Kuiper belt</one>.
11
+ - Eine <one>Galaxiengruppe</one> besteht aus etwa n Galaxien? <one>30</one>.
12
+ - Ein schwarzes Loch entsteht aber einer Sonnenmasse von n.y? <one>2.5</one> Sonnenmassen.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
1
+ # =========================================================================== #
2
+ # === Theoretische Chemie tag.
3
+ # =========================================================================== #
4
+
5
+ - Die Schrödinger Gleichung hat n Lösungen? Unendlich viele. []
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
1
+ # =========================================================================== #
2
+ # === Theoretische Informatik
3
+ #
4
+ # This is also the "theory of computation".
5
+ #
6
+ # Auch Linguistik.
7
+ # =========================================================================== #
8
+
9
+ - Was besagt das <one>Halteproblem</one> in der theoretischen Informatik? Das kein mechanisiertes Verfahren existiert, mit dem wir immer korrekt entscheiden können, ob ein gegebenes Programm unter einer bestimmten Eingabe anhält - oder unendlich lange laufen wird.
10
+ - Können <one>nicht-deterministische Automaten</one> in <two>deterministische Automaten</two> überführt werden? Ja. []
11
+ - Die <one>Chomsky Hierarchie</one> legt wieviele Sprachklassen fest? Vier. []
12
+ - Formale Sprachen können durch ... beschrieben werden. A: <one>Grammatik</one>. []
13
+ - Die <one>Sprachbeschreibung einer Programmiersprache</one> erfolgt in welchen 3 Ebenen? (1) <one>Lexikalische Ebene</one> (2) <one>Syntaktische Ebene</one> (3) <one>Semantische Ebene</one> []
14
+ - Gib ein Beispiel für ein <one>lexikalisch falsches</one> Konstrukt. A: <one>Hörsal</one>.
15
+ - In der theoretischen Informatik: nenne ein Objekt das die <one>Länge 0</one> hat. A: Das <one>leere Wort</one>. []
16
+ - Kann alles was berechenbar ist, durch eine <one>Turingmaschine</one> berechnet werden? Ja. []
17
+ - Jede Grammatik startet beim Typ ... ? 0. []
18
+ - How do we call the String ()? This is called <one>the empty string</one>.
19
+ - Die Turing-Maschine ist ein formales Modell für die ... ? <one>Computer-Berechenbarkeit</one>.
20
+ - Ist eine <one>Turingmaschine</one> mächtiger als ein Kellerautomat? Ja.
21
+ - In der theoretischen Informatik: was meinen wir mit einem L/S-Kopf? Dies ist ein <one>Lese</one>/<one>Schreibkopf</one>.
22
+ - Wieviele Tupel hat eine Turing-Maschine? Sieben.
23
+ - Kann eine Turing-Maschine aus einem Haltezustand heraus? Nein.
24
+ - Was meinen wir mit einer <one>Grammatik von Typ 0</one>? Das den Regeln keinerlei Einschränkungen auferlegt sind.
25
+ - Was ist mit dem Begriff <one>Binäralphabet</one> gemeint? Dies ist dann der Fall, wenn ein Alphabet nur aus zwei Zeichen besteht, wie zum Beispiel <one>{0, 1}</one>.
26
+ - Was meinen wir mit der <one>Semantik</one> bei einer Programmiersprache? Die Semantik legt fest, was die einzelnen Ausdrücke in der Programmiersprache bedeuten.
27
+ - Bei einem <one>endlichen Automaten</one>: was wissen wir wenn wir hier einen finalen Zustand erreichen? Das die Eingabesequenz in irgendeiner Weise gültig sein muss.
28
+ - In der theoretischen Informatik, bei <one>finiten Automaten</one>: wie werden akzeptierende Zustände gekennzeichnet? Durch einen <one>doppelten Kreis</one>.
29
+ - Bei <one>endlichen Automaten</one> werden die <two>Zustände</two> wie repräsentiert? Durch <one>Kreise</one>.
30
+ - <one>Languages</one> that can be accepted by <two>finite automata</two> are called ... ? <one>Regular languages</one>.
31
+ - <one>Grammatiken</one> lassen sich zur rekursiven Erzeugung von ... einer Sprache benutzen. A: den <one>Sätzen einer Sprache</one>.
32
+ - Der Zustand eines <one>Kippschalters</one> kann wie verändert werden? Durch <one>Drücken</one>.
33
+ - Nenne ein Beispiel für den einfachsten, nicht triviale, endliche Automat? Ein <one>Kippschalter</one>. Dieses Gerät weiß, wann es sich im Zustand Ein oder Aus befindet.
34
+ - Nenne zwei Möglichkeiten wie <one>nicht handhabbare Probleme</one> umgehen werden können. A: (1) durch eine <one>Approximation</one> (2) durch die <one>Verwendung einer Heuristik</one>
35
+ - Es gibt in der theoretischen Informatik eine Klasse von Problemen, die als <one>NP-Hart</one> bezeichnet wird. Wofür steht NP hier? NP steht für <one>nicht handhabbar</one> (englisch: <two>intractable</two>).
36
+ - Wie mögen wir ein <one>Alphabet</one> definieren? Ein <one>Alphabet</one> ist eine <two>endliche, nichtleere Menge von Symbolen</two>.
37
+ - Die ursprünglich konzipierten <one>endliche Automaten</one> dienten zur Simulation von ... ? <one>Gehirnfunktionen</one>.
38
+ - In der theoretischen Information: was meinen wir mit <one>|w|</one>? Die ist die Länge des Wortes <one>w</one>.
39
+ - Eine <one>Menge</one> besteht aus ... ? <one>Elementen</one>.
40
+ - Was meinen wir mit <one>Epsilon-Übergängen</one> bei Automaten? Dies ist dann der Fall wenn der Automat stehenbleibt.
41
+ - When will a <one>Finite State Machine</one> switch to a different state? Whenever it reads an input.
42
+ - If <one>w</one> is a string, what is meant with "|w|"? This denotes the total number of symbols appearing in <one>w</one>.
43
+ - Is a <one>Turing machine</one> simpler than an actual computer? Yes, because it is <one>abstract</one>.
44
+ - Give an example of <one>a set</one> with four elements. A: <one>A = {1, 2, 4, 8}</one>
45
+ - 1936 haben Church & Turing eine wichtige Theorie in der theoretischen Informatik etabliert. Welche Theorie war dies? Die <one>Berechenbarkeitstheorie</one>.
46
+ - In der theoretischen Informatik und beim Compilerbau: welche <one>drei Ebenen der Analyse</one> können wir unterscheiden? "lex-syn-sem" (1) "lexikalische Analyse" (2) "syntaktische Analyse" (3) <one>semantische Analyse</one>
47
+ - Was ist die <one>Semantik eine Programmiersprache</one>? Dies ist die "Bedeutung einer Programmiersprache".
48
+ - How do we usually <one>denote</one> the <two>initial state in an auonen</two>? <one>qO</one>.
49
+ - In der theoretischen Informatik, zeige wie wir die Sequenzfolge <one>ababab</one> kürzer darstellen können. A: <one>(ab)**3</one>
50
+ - In der theoretischen Informatik ist das Alphabet E (Epsilon) eine endliche Menge. Nenne zwei bekannte Beispiele aus der Informatik für ein Alphabet in diesem Sinne. A: (1) ASCII (2) Unicode
51
+ - Die Typ-3 Grammatiken können in welche zwei Gruppen untergliedert werden? (1) <one>rechtslinear</one> (2) <one>linkslinear</one>
52
+ - If a set has three members, such as { a, b, c }, its <one>powerset</one> has how many members? <one>2 ** n = 2 ** 3 = 8</one>.
53
+ - Können wir mittels endlicher Grammatik eine unendliche Sprache darstellen? Ja.
54
+ - Ein <one>Pseudocode</one> ist eine Mischung aus ... ? Den <one>Konstrukten einer Programmiersprache</one> sowie <one>Prosa</one>.
55
+ - Nenne <one>eine These zur Berechenbarkeit</one>. A: Die <one>Church-Turing These</one>: "Die Klasse der turing-berechenbaren Funktionen stimmt mit der Klasse der intuitiv berechenbaren Funktionen überein."
56
+ - Give another name for <one>the start state</one> in a Finite State Machine. A: <one>Initial state</one>.
57
+ - Die Spiegelung eines leeren Wortes ergibt ... ? Das leere Wort.
58
+ - Nenne die beiden wichtigsten Komplexitätsklassen in der theoretischen Informatik. A: (1) P (2) NP
59
+ - What does the <one>symbol Q</one> mean in a deterministic finite auonen? Q refers to <one>a finite set of internal states</one>.
60
+ - Was sind <one>nichtdeterministische endliche Automaten</one>? Dies sind Automaten, in denen es zu einem Zustand und einem Eingabesymbol mehrere Folgezustände geben kann.
61
+ - Wie wird die Länge eines Wortes x dargestellt? Durch <one>|x|</one>.
62
+ - Kellerautomaten gehören zu welcher der vier bekannten Automatenklassen? Sie sind Typ-2 Automaten.
63
+ - Anderes Wort für eine <one>Typ-3 Grammatik</one>. A: Reguläre Grammatik.
64
+ - Die <one>Chomsky Hierarchie</one> ist relativ bekannt und hat die Form: <one>G = (N, E, P, S)</one>. Wofür steht hier das S? <lightgreen>Startsymbol</lightgreen>.
65
+ - Die <one>Chomsky Hierarchie</one> ist relativ bekannt und hat vier Buchstaben in der Klammer. Schreibe diese an. A: <one>G = (N, E, P, S)</one>
66
+ - In der theoretischen Informatik, was meinen wir mit <one>L(A)</one>? Dies ist die <one>akzeptierte Sprache</one> eines Automaten A. Mit anderen Worten, <royalblue>die die Menge aller akzeptierten Wörter</royalblue>.
67
+ - Die <one>Chomsky Hierarchie</one> wurde in welchem Jahr vorgeschlagen? <one>1956</one>.
68
+ - Die <one>Chomsky Hierarchie</one> legt eine Hierarchie von vier Sprachklassen fest und formalisiert die Beziehung zwischen Grammatik- und ... ? <one>Automatenklassen</one>.
69
+ - In der theoretischen Informatik, bei Automaten: welche wichtige Entscheidung treffen Automaten pro Wort w? Ob dieses Wort w in der Sprache enthalten ist oder nicht.
70
+ - Automaten lassen sich zur ... einer Sprache verwenden. A: <one>Erkennung der Sätze einer Sprache</one>.
71
+ - What do we mean with a "turing machine"? A turing machine is a machine that <one>can emulate any other computing device</one>.
72
+ - Die explizite Auflistung aller Sprachelemente ist nur für welche Sprachen möglich? Für <one>endliche Sprachen</one> - also Sprachen mit relativ wenigen Elementen. In der Praxis ist dies daher nicht so relevant.
73
+ - Zwei endliche Automaten A und B heißen äquivalent, falls was gilt? Falls sie dieselbe Sprache akzeptieren.
74
+ - The <one>size of a finite set</one> is ... ? The number of elements in it e. g. <one>|S|</one>.
75
+ - Wenn wir einen <one>endlichen Automaten</one> haben, was wissen wir dann in Bezug auf den Speicher, der verwendet werden mag? Der Speicher muss ebenso endlich sein.
76
+ - <one>Turing machines</one> do not represent the only general model of computation. Name another model for computation. A: The <one>Kleene's approach to computability</one>.
77
+ - Angenommen wir geben eine Anweisung an einen endlichen Automaten. Der Automat geht nach Abarbeitung dieser Eingabe(folge) in den Endzustand über. Was können wir daraus folgern? Das der Automat diese Eingabe akzeptiert hat; es ist somit eine <one> akzeptierte Folge</one>.
78
+ - In theoretical informatics, if we see the notation <one>p ^ q</one>, where ^ is actually the same relative size as p and q, what does this notation mean? This refers to a <one>conjunction</one> operation, that is "if both p and q are true, then the whole equation is also true".
79
+ - In <one>theoretical informatics</one>, how do we denote a conditional requirement? We will use an arrow that is pointing with its tip to the right side.
80
+ - The number of sequences in an alphabet A is denoted by ... ? <one>|A|</one>
81
+ - <one>(0,1,1,1,0)</one> is a String over the Alphabet ... ? "A = {0,1}".
82
+ - A Turing machine is an implementation of ...? an algorithm. Studying one in detail is equivalent to studying an algorithm.
83
+ - In der theoretischen Informatik, bei einem <one>Zustandsdiagramm</one>: wie wissen wir wo die Endzustände sind in diesem Diagramm? Die Endzustände sind <one>durch Doppelkreise gekennzeichnet</one>.
84
+ - Wenn wir, in der theoretischen Informatik bei formalen Sprachen, "L1 o L2" sehen, was bedeutet das? Das <one>o</one> ist das <one>Konkatenationssymbol</one>; dies bedeutet also zwei Wörter (L1 und L2) zu konkatenieren.
85
+ - Eine Programmiersprache hat "Form" und "Bedeutung". Gib andere Begriffe hierzu. A: (1) <one>Syntax</one> = <one>Form</one> (2) <one>Semantik</one> = <one>Bedeutung</one>
86
+ - The most general model of computation is ... ? The <one>Turing machine</one>.
87
+ - One step up from a finite auonen is the ... ? <one>pushdown auonen</tomat>.
88
+ - Name an important grammar in theoretical informatics. A: <one>context-free grammars</one>.
89
+ - Where may we be able to find <one>context-free grammars</one> in reallife? In the syntax of high-level programming.
90
+ - A <one>finite auonen</one> is characterized by its lack of ... ? <one>auxiliary memory</one>.
91
+ - <one>Endliche Automaten</one> stellen auch das Grundgerüst für welche Sprache bereit? Für <one>reguläre Sprachen</one>.
92
+ - Nenne ein Beispiel für einen Satz der lexikalisch/syntaktisch richtig ist aber semantisch falsch. A: "Ein Baum ist ein Säugetier."
93
+ - Die "BNF" ("Backus-Naur Form") wurde im Zuge <one>welcher Programmiersprache</one> eingeführt? "ALGOL 60". URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backus%E2%80%93Naur_form
94
+ - Ein endlicher Automat kann, ausgehend von seinem aktuellen Zustand, in einen neuen Zustand übergeben nach Verarbeitung der Eingabefolge. Wie nennen wir den Vorgang von Zustand a zu Zustand b zu wechseln, in der theoretischen Informatik? <one>Zustandsüberführung</one> (beziehungsweise Zustandsüberführungsfunktion).
95
+ - Gegeben sei <one>ein endlicher Automat</one>. Wir zeichnen <one>F = { foo }</one>. Was beduetet das? Das dieser Automat nur einen Endzustand hat, und zwar <one>foo</one>.
96
+ - In a Finite Auonen, what does <one>a double circle</one> indicate? This marks the <one>final state</one>.
97
+ - Nenne ein anderes Wort, in der theoretischen Informatik, für eine Verknüpfung innerhalb einer Sprache. A: Die <one>Konkatenation</one>.
98
+ - Die endlich langen Zeichenfolgen, die über einem <one>Alphabet E</one> gebildet werden können, heißen ... ? <one>Wörter über E</one>.
99
+ - In der theoretischen Informatik: wie bezeichnen wir, per Konvention, die Länge eines Wortes <one>w</one>? Via <one>|w|</one>.
100
+ - In a Finite State Machine, the F tuple stands for ... ? The set of final states.
101
+ - In a Finite State Machine, what does "q0" refer to? This refers to the start state.
102
+ - In a Finite State Machine, what does the E (Epsilon) tuple stand for? Epsilon here refers to all possible inputs.
103
+ - In a <one>Finite State Machine</one>, we also have a letter called <one>Q</one>. What does Q indicate? Q refers to the <one>set of all states</one>.
104
+ - Viewed from theoretical informatics, <one>DNA</one> has the alphabet ... ? { A,C,G,T }
105
+ - Every Finite State Machine can be described by using how many different tuples? Five.
106
+ - Name a large constraint of DFAs (Deterministic Finite Automata). A: It has a very limited memory.
107
+ - In theoretical informatics, what is a "DFA"? This is a "Deterministic Finite Auonen". URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministic_finite_auonen
108
+ - Die theoretische Informatik hat ihre Wurzeln in ... ? Der <royalblue>Mathematik</royalblue>.
109
+ - Was können wir zu den Zuständen sagen einer <one>Turing Maschine</one>? Die Turing Maschine hat eine "endliche Anzahl von Zuständen".
110
+ - Name <one>a model for all computers<one>. A: The "<u>Turing Machine</u>".
111
+ - Given the string "n = abab", over the <lightseagreen>alphabet {a, b}</lightseagreen>, name <one>all prefixes of n</one>. A: (1) epsilon (aka <one>empty string</one>) (2) a (3) ab (4) aba (5) abab
112
+ - Nenne die drei "Fixe" bei endlichen Automaten. A: (1) <one>Präfix</one> (2) <one>Infix</one> (3) <one>Postfix</one>
113
+ - Die Menge aller Wörter, die über dem <one>Alphabet E</one> gebildet werden kann, wird in der theoretischen Informatik mit welchem Symbol bezeichnet? <one>E *</one>.
114
+ - Zur Bezeichnung von Eingabealphabeten wird zumeist welches Symbol benutzt, in der theoretischen Informatik? Das griechische E; als das Summenzeichen, das dem Buchstaben E sehr ähnelt.
115
+ - Die Symbole, aus denen Eingabewörter bestehen können, fassen wir in einer Menge zusammen. Wie nennen wir diese Menge in der theoretishen Informatik? <one>Eingabealphabet</one>.
116
+ - Die Menge aller von einem Automaten akzeptierten Folgen heißt ... ? <one>die Sprache des Automaten</one>.
117
+ - Bei einem endlichen Automat, wenn wir die Eingabefolge 50 100 50 haben, und diese Zahlen unterstrichen sind, was ist damit gemeint? Dies könnten zum Beispiel 50 eurocent und 100 eurocent sein. Unterstrichen werden sie so das man sie einfacher von der Zahlenfolge 5010050 unterscheiden kann, die von diesem endlichen Automaten zum Beispiel nicht unbedingt verarbeitet werden könnte.
118
+ - Auf das Eingabeband hat ein endlicher Automat nur lesenden Zugriff. Ist dies vernünftig? Ja - die Eingabe wird sequenziell bearbeitet, also von "links nach rechts". Benötigt der endliche Automat die Möglichkeit Zustände zu speichern so kann er den <one>Zustandsspeicher</one> benutzen.
119
+ - Algorithmen sollten praktisch verwendbar sein. Weiters sollten sie den Regeln der "correctness" folgen. Was heisst <one>correctness</one> in dieser Hinsicht? Das Algorithmen auch <one>das gewünschte Ergebnis liefern sollten</one>.
120
+ - In einem Zustandsdiagramm in der Theoretischen Informatik werden <one>Zustandsübergänge</one> wie dargestellt? Durch <one>Pfeile</one>.
121
+ - Nenne ein Beispiel für einen endlichen Automaten aus dem Alltag, der Geldstücke akzeptiert. A: Zum Beispiel ein Automat der kontrolliert wann Getränke ausgeworfen werden. Man muss den Geldbetrag eingeben; erst dann geht dieser Automat in einen akzeptierenden Endzustand über, was wiederum die Öffnung der Schranke bewirkt.
122
+ - Warum können wir behaupten, das ein endlicher Automat eine <one>black box</one> darstellt? Da wir von aussen betrachtet nicht unbedingt wissen, was im Inneren des Automaten genau passiert.
123
+ - Nenne einen wichtigen "Zustand" eines endlichen Automaten. A: Der <one>Endzustand</one>.
124
+ - Aus Sicht der theoretischen Informatik bestehen <one>einfache Rechner</one> (also "abstrakte Rechnermodelle") aus welchen zwei grundlegenden Komponenten? (1) aus <one>Speichern</one> (zumindest ein Speicher) (2) aus einer <one>Verarbeitungseinheit</one>
125
+ - Bei den endlichen Automaten: worauf bezieht sich hier die <one>Endlichkeit</one>? Sie bezieht sich auf die Speicherkapazität der Automaten; diese ist endlich.
126
+ - Ein endlicher Automat erlaubt wieviele unterscheidbare Zustände? <one>Nur endlich viele</one>.
127
+ - Give an example for a "natural language". A: <royalblue>English</royalblue>.
128
+ - Nenne einen <one>Pionier der Sprach-Theorie</one>. A: "Noam Chomsky".
129
+ - In theoretical informatics, what does the abbreviation dfa refer to? dfa refers to <one>deterministic finite auonen</one>. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministic_finite_auonen
130
+ - Give a common example of "finite state machines" in the world of computing. A: <one>Many interactive video games</one>.
131
+ - The <one>alphabet</one> used in describing a programming language is called ...? The "set of tokens of the language".
132
+ - Give an example for a "fixed, countable infinite set". A: The "natural numbers".
133
+ - Why do we not use the <one>alphabet {0,1}</one> for everything? The reason is one of conenience: binary is great for computers but awful for people.
134
+ - What is meant with the <one>complement of a set</one>? This consists of all elements that are <crimson>NOT</crimson> in the set.
135
+ - In <slateblue>transition graphs</slateblue>, vertices and edges, respectively, represent ... ? (1) Vertices: <one>represent state</one> (2) Edges: <one>represent transitions</one>
136
+ - Do sets usually have <one>subsets</one>? Yes, at the least most do.
137
+ - What is meant with { 2, 4, 6, 8 ... }? This means <one>all positive even integers</one>.
138
+ - The most important function in a dfa is called ... ? The <one>transition function</one>.
139
+ - Name the most important characteristic of a finite acceptor (or that of a very simple finite auonen). A: They <one>have no temporary storage</one>.
140
+ - If two sets S1 and S2 have no common element, how do we call this situation? <one>Disjoint</one>.
141
+ - What is <one>an empty set</one>? This is a set with no elements.
142
+ - Name the three main set-operations. A: (1) union (2) intersection (3) difference
143
+ - Denote the alphabet representing natural numbers, in base 10. A: "{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}"
144
+ - Was meinen wir mit "Programmverifikation"? Dies meint ob/wie wir beweisen können, ob ein Computerprogramm korrekt ist.
145
+ - In der theoretischen Information, was meinen wir mit dem Symbol e (also "epsilon")? Dies ist das "Leerwort" (eine leere Folge von Symbolen).
146
+ - What is meant with an "extensible type system"? This is one that allows programmers to define new types.
147
+ - Was heisst "NP" in, zum Beispiel, "NP-complete"? "Non-polynomial".
148
+ - Wieso wird meistens der Buchstabe "V" als Abkürzung für "Alphabet" verwendet? V: steht für "vocabulary"
149
+ - Der Begriff "Informatik" setzt sich zusammen aus ... ? (1) "Information" (2) "Mathematik"
150
+ - Is the order in which strings are concatenated, important? Yes.
151
+ - What is a "finite state machine"? This is "a mathematical abstraction used to design algorithms".
152
+ - Nenne drei Komponenten im "Logik-Block" der zur theoretischen Informatik hinzugezählt werden kann. A: (1) "Aussagenlogik" (2) "Prädikatenlogik" (3) "Logische Programmierung"
153
+ - Andere Bezeichnung für eine "nicht berechenbare Funktion"? "Algorithmisch unlösbares Problem".
154
+ - Originally, "finite automata" were proposed to model ... ? "Brain functions".
155
+ - Name something that only forms a pattern by "changing along a time pattern". A: "Music".
156
+ - Wie nennen wir ein "Wort der Länge 0"? "Leerwort".
157
+ - Was heisst "CNF" in der theoretischen Informatik? "Conjunctive normal form".
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
1
+ # =========================================================================== #
2
+ # === Tierzucht
3
+ #
4
+ # Hat 4.5 ECTS an der BOKU. Also bräuchten wir etwa 600 Fragen oder so.
5
+ # =========================================================================== #
6
+
7
+ - Nenne <one>zwei Zuchtmethoden in der Tierzucht</one>. A: (1) <one>Reinzucht-Methoden</one> (2) <one>Kreuzungszucht-Methoden</one>
8
+ - Nenne eine <one>Dienstleistung der Tauben</one>. A: Die <one>Brieftaube</one>.
9
+ - Warum wird das <one>Merinoschaf</one> gezüchtet? Das Merinoschaft ist berühmt aufgrund seiner Wolle. URL: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merinoschaf []
10
+ - In der Tierzucht mögen wir <one>tierische<Produkte</one> erzeugen wollen. Nenne hierzu <two>vier Beispiele</two>. A: (1) Milch (2) Fleisch (3) Wolle (4) Eier
11
+ - Warum der Name <one>Spanferkel</one>? <one>Abgespänt</one> - dies bezeichnet den Zeitpunkt, ab dem die Jungtiere nicht mehr gesäugt werden.
12
+ - Nenne ein Beispiel einer Tiergruppe, bei der die <one>systematische Kreuzungszucht</one> eingesetzt wird. A: Beim <one>Geflügel</one>.
13
+ - Die <one>Umwandlung von Wildtiere in Haustiere</one> wird auch ... genannt. A: <one>Domestikation</one>.
14
+ - Nenne eine Ziegenrasse, die vor allem aufgrund ihres Fleisches gezüchtet wurde. A: Die <one>Burenziege</one>.
15
+ - Nenne eine "Kleinpferd" Rasse. A: Das <one>Shetland Pony</one>.
16
+ - Nenne ein Beispiel für <one>Landschafe</one> in Österreich. A: Das <one>Tiroler Bergschaf</one>.
17
+ - In Österreich, bei der Züchtung von Schweinen, nenne die gebräuchlichste Mutterrasse und die gebräuchlichste Vaterrasse. A: (1) Mutterrasse: "Edelschwein" (2) Vaterrasse: "Pietrain"
18
+ - A. W. für "Erhaltung der Populationsgröße"? Die "Bestandsergänzung".
19
+ - Pietrain-Schweine werden genutzt aufgrund ... ? Ihres Fleisches.
20
+ - Mangalitza-Schweine werden gezüchtet aufgrund ... ? Ihres Speckes.
21
+ - Wieso wird das "Göttinger Minischwein" gezüchtet? Primär aufgrund der Forschung.
22
+ - Schottisches ... extensiv-genutztes Fleisch? "Schottisches Hochlandrind".
23
+ - Nenne eine Rindrasse, die vor allem aufgrund ihrer Milch gezüchtet wird. A: Jersey. URL: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey-Rind
24
+ - Das "Jersey-Rind" wird vor allem aufgrund ... gezüchtet. A: "Milch".
25
+ - "Weißblaue Belgier" werden vor allem aufgrund welcher Eigenschaft gezüchtet? Sie werden vor allem aufgrund ihres Fleisches gezüchtet.
26
+ - Die Tierzucht hat im Laufe der Zeit eine beeindruckende Vielfalt an ... hervorgebracht. A: "Nutztieren".
27
+ - Was sind "Schlachtabfälle" + 1 konkretes Beispiel? Dies sind "genussuntaugliche Teile", die während der Schlachtung und beim Ausweiden anfallen. Beispiel: Federn.
28
+ - Merinoschafe haben eine "hohe Wolleistung". Bei der Züchtung werden vor allem Tiere bevorzugt, die welche physische Eigenschaft haben? Tiere mit "großen Hautfalten".
29
+ - Nenne ein "Minischwein". A: Das "Göttinger Minischwein".
30
+ - Wieso benötigen wir nur eine kleine Population an männlichen Tieren in einer Zuchtpopulation? Da wir ja nur den Samen von ihnen brauchen, sonst nichts.
31
+ - Besteht eine Zuchtpopulation zum überwiegenden Teil aus männlichen oder weiblichen Tieren? Aus weiblichen Tieren.
32
+ - Was ist die "Schlachtausbeute"? Die Schlachtausbeute ist der "prozentuelle Anteil des Schlachtgewichts am Lebendgewicht" zum Zeitpunkt der Schlachtung.
33
+ - Was meinen wir mit der "gerichteten Paarung" in der Tierzucht? Dies ist die Auswahl, wie die ausgewählten Elterntiere miteinander gepaart werden.
34
+ - Gib ein Beispiel für ein "Milchschaf". A: Das "ostfriesische Milchschaf".
35
+ - Nenne eine "unipare Tierart", die in der Tierzucht und der Landwirtschaft sehr wichtig ist. A: Das Rind.
36
+ - Bei Schafen, was meinen wir mit dem sogenannten "Umsatztyp"? Dies sind Schafe, die die Fähigkeit haben, die aufgenommenen Futternährstoffe sehr effizient in Milch umzusetzen.
37
+ - Wir wollen "hochwertigster Schafwolle" produzieren? Welche Schafrasse verwenden wir hier? Die "Merinoschafe".
38
+ - Gib ein Beispiel für ein "Merinoschaf". A: Die "Australian Merino".
39
+ - Was ist die "wichtigste englische Schweinerasse"? "Large White".
40
+ - Gibt es beim Schaf Einnutzungs-Rassen? Nicht wirklich.
41
+ - Nenne 3 Tiergruppen, von den "domestizierten Nutztieren", die einen "saisonal polyöstrischen Zyklustyp" vorweisen. A: (1) Schaf (2) Ziege (3) Pferd
42
+ - In der Tierzucht, was ist die "Wachstumsintensität"? Dies ist eine Möglichkeit das Wachstum zu quantifizieren. Hierbei wird die "Zunahme des Körpergewichts" auf die dafür benötigte Zeit umgelegt.
43
+ - In der Tierzucht, nenne die 3 Perioden der "postnatalen Lebensphase". A: (1) Jugendstadium (2) Reifestadium (3) Altersstadium
44
+ - Warum ist die Schweinerasse "Landrasse" bemerkenswert? Weil sie sich durch eine "hohe Wurfgröße" auszeichnet.
45
+ - Was sind "polyöstrische Tiere"? Diese Tiere sind "mehrmals im Jahr empfängnisbereit". Beispiel: Rinder.
46
+ - Die Schweinerasse "Göttinger Minischwein" wird warum gezüchtet? Vor allem aufgrund de Forschung.
47
+ - <one>Domestikation</one> kommt aus dem lateinischen, "domesticus". Was ist dies? Zum Haus gehörig.
48
+ - Aus Sicht der Tierzucht können wir die "Haustiere" in welche 2 Gruppen einteilen? (1) Nutztiere (2) Heimtiere
49
+ - Nenne eine typische Folge der "Domestikation bei Hornträgern". A: Die "Hornlosigkeit".
50
+ - Wo wurde das Huhn domestiziert? In Ostasien, Indien/China wahrscheinlich.
51
+ - Nenne 2 "wirbellose Nutztiere". A: (1) Bienen (2) Schnecken
52
+ - Welche Population ist in der Tierzucht eminent wichtig? Die sogenannte "Zuchtpopulation".
53
+ - In der Tierzucht, was meinen wir mit "Landschläge"? Dies sind "geografische Rassen", die in bestimmten Gebieten entstanden sind. Sie sind an die regionalen Bedingungen, wie dem Klima, gut angepasst.
54
+ - Vorgänger der Fleckvieh-Rasse? Das "Simmentaler Rind aus der Schweiz".
55
+ - Was ist "Noriker"? Eine Pferderasse.
56
+ - Historisch relevant für die Entstehung von Nutztierrassen war die Gründung von Züchtervereinigungen. In welchem Land vor allem, im 19. Jahrhundert? In England.
57
+ - Die FAO meint, das es weltweit etwa 5.000 Nutztierrassen gibt. Wofür steht die Abkürzung "FAO"? "Food and Agriculture Organisation".
58
+ - Robert Bakewell hat auf seiner Farm Dishley in England erstmalig und systematisch welche zwei züchterischen Maßnahmen etabliert? (1) Leistungsprüfung (2) gerichtete Paarung
59
+ - Sinn eines "Zuchtbuches"? In den Zuchtbüchern werden die Tiere einer Zuchtpopulation systematisch erfasst. Dies hilft deren Abstammung zu dokumentieren.
60
+ - Das erste Zuchtbuch war das "General Stud Book" für die Pferderasse "Englisches Vollblut". In welchem Jahr erschien es? Im Jahre 1793.
61
+ - Welche "Organisation" definiert Rassestandards in der Tierzucht, zumindest historisch gesehen? Züchtervereinigungen.
62
+ - Was ist ein "Zuchtprogramm"? Dies ist eine systematische Abfolge von "züchterischen Maßnahmen" mit dem Zweck, einem definierten Zuchtziel näher zu kommen und somit "Zuchtfortschritt" zu erreichen.
63
+ - In der Tierzucht, A. W. für "Bestandesergänzung". A: Remontierung.
64
+ - Was sind "unipare Tiere"? Die haben normalerweise nur einen Nachkommen je Geburt, so wie Rind oder Pferd.
65
+ - Brutdauer des Huhn? 21 Tage.
66
+ - In der Tierzucht, wann ist die "Zuchtreife" erreicht? Wenn ein Tier für den züchterischen Einsatz "körperlich entwickelt ist".
67
+ - Was ist die "Fortpflanzungsfrequenz" in der Tierzucht? Die Fortpflanzungsfrequenz weiblicher Tiere beschreibt den zeitlichen Abstand, in dem normalerweise Nachkommen geboren werden.
68
+ - In der Tierzucht, beim Zyklustyp wird zwischen welchen 3 Zyklustypen unterschieden? (1) monoöstrisch (2) diöstrisch (3) polyöstrisch
69
+ - Gibt es Ziegenrassen, die während des ganzen Jahres brünstig werden können? Ja. Die sogenannten "asaisonal polyöstrischen" Ziegenrassen.
70
+ - A. W. für "Gravidität"? Trächtigkeit.
71
+ - Nenne zwei wichtige Merkmale der Samenqualität aus Sicht der Tierzucht. A: (1) Ejakulatmenge (2) Anzahl Spermien pro Milliliter Ejakulat
72
+ - Aus Sicht der Tierzucht, wie nennen wir die Periode zwischen der Geburt und einer neuerlichen Belegung? Die "Rastzeit".
73
+ - Der Geburtsverlauf wird von "anatomischen Voraussetzungen" beeinflusst. Gib ein Beispiel hierzu. A: Beckenbreite der Mutter.
74
+ - Was meinen wir mit einer "stillen Brunst"? Dies ist wenn keine "äußerlich erkennbaren Brunstsymptome" zu bemerken sind.
75
+ - Was ist das erste Nahrungsmittel eines Säugetiers? Milch.
76
+ - Wie schwer kann ein "gefülltes Euter" bei hochleistenden Kühen sein? Über 50kg.
77
+ - Gib ein Beispiel wieso "intensiverer Ackerbau" auch die Zuchtrassen positiv beeinflusste. A: Zum Beispiel mehr Kartoffeln für Schweine.
78
+ - A. W. für "optimales Mastendgewicht"? Schlachtreife.
79
+ - Was ist der "Schlachttierabgang"? Dies ist die Differenz zwischen Lebendgewicht und Schlachtgewicht.
80
+ - Was meinen wir mit der "grobgeweblichen Zusammensetzung" eines Schlachtkörpers? Das Gewicht sowie die Zusammensetzung von Muskeln, Fett, Knochen.
81
+ - Was meinen wir mit "Wachstum" in der tierischen Produk? Dies ist im einfachsten Fall die Gewichtszunahme junger Tiere.
82
+ - Aus Sicht der Tierzucht, in welche 2 Entwicklungsabschnitte können wir "Wachstum" unterteilen? (1) pränataler Entwicklungsabschnitt (2) postnataler Entwicklungsabschnitt
83
+ - Unsere Hausschweine sind domestizierte Formen der Unterarten "Europäisches Wildschwein" sowie ...? Ostasiatisches Bindenschwein.
84
+ - Da Wildschweine nur einige wenige Schweißdrüsen haben, müssen sie bei hohen Temperaturen die Körperwärme durch ... regulieren? Durch "Suhlen in Sumpf- oder Wasserlachen regulieren".
85
+ - Schlachtalter von Schweinen heute? Etwa 6 Monate; dann haben sie 100kg.
86
+ - Wann wird eine Sau geschlechtsreif? Mit etwa sechs Monaten.
87
+ - Eine Sau bringt pro Wurf wieviele Ferkel (von-bis) zur Welt? Etwa 10 bis 12 Ferkel.
88
+ - Die Schweinerasse "Duroc" ist vor allem im welchen Land wichtig? In Dänemark.
89
+ - Früher sprach man bei Schweinen von "Zweinutzungs-Rassen". Welche 2 Komponenten wurden hier vor allem betrachtet? (1) Fleisch (2) Fett
90
+ - Die Rasse "Mangalitza" hat welchen Trivialnamen? Wollschwein.
91
+ - In Österreich, die meisten Schweine werden in welchem Bundesland gehalten? In Oberösterreich.
92
+ - Die "Hausschafe" stammen von der Wildart ... ab? Mufflon - dem "orientalischen Wildschaf".
93
+ - Was sind die "ältesten Nutztiere des Menschen"? Schafe und Ziegen.
94
+ - Was ist das Problem bei "Haarschafen" wie den Mufflons? Sie haben keine "verspinnbaren Wollhaare".