@aura3d/rendering 1.3.3 → 1.4.1

package/src/Renderer.ts

@@ -1,2626 +0,0 @@
-import {
-  Bounds3 as SceneBounds3,
-  Camera,
-  DirectionalLight,
-  Light,
-  PointLight,
-  Scene,
-  SpotLight,
-  identityMat4,
-  invertMat4,
-  multiplyMat4,
-  orthographicMat4,
-  perspectiveMat4,
-  transformPoint,
-  type Mat4,
-  type Vec3,
-  type SceneNode
-} from "@aura3d/scene";
-import type { Ray } from "@aura3d/math";
-import { createRenderDevice, type RenderBackendOptions } from "./RenderBackend";
-import { type LdrPostprocessPassDescriptor, type RenderDevice, RenderDeviceError, type RenderDeviceDiagnostics, type RenderTarget, type RenderTargetDescriptor } from "./RenderDevice";
-import { ENVIRONMENT_BACKGROUND_COLOR_RESOURCE, EnvironmentBackgroundPass, type EnvironmentBackgroundOptions } from "./EnvironmentBackgroundPass";
-import { ForwardPass, type EnvironmentLightingOptions, type ForwardEnvironmentFogOptions, type ForwardShadowMapOptions, type RenderItem, type RenderMaterial, type SkinningPaletteBinding } from "./ForwardPass";
-import { type CollectedLight, LightCollector } from "./LightCollector";
-import { Geometry } from "./Geometry";
-import { type MorphTargetDelta } from "./MorphTarget";
-import { computeSkinnedMorphTargetWeightedBounds } from "./SkinningBounds";
-import { RenderGraph } from "./RenderGraph";
-import {
-  BloomPass,
-  FXAAPass,
-  ToneMappingPass,
-  bloomFloatPixels,
-  bloomPixels,
-  chromaticAberrationPixels,
-  colorGradePixels,
-  contactShadowPixels,
-  createDepthTextureBinding,
-  depthOfFieldPixels,
-  filmGrainPixels,
-  fusedLdrPostprocessPixels,
-  fxaaPixels,
-  motionBlurPixels,
-  outlinePixels,
-  ssaoPixels,
-  ssrPixels,
-  taaPixels,
-  toneMapFloatPixels,
-  toneMapPixels,
-  writePostProcessPixels,
-  type BloomOptions,
-  type ChromaticAberrationOptions,
-  type ColorGradeOptions,
-  type ContactShadowPostProcessOptions,
-  type DepthTextureBinding,
-  type DepthOfFieldOptions,
-  type FXAAOptions,
-  type FilmGrainOptions,
-  type FusedLdrPostProcessPass,
-  type FusedLdrPostProcessScratch,
-  type MotionBlurOptions,
-  type OutlineOptions,
-  type SSAOOptions,
-  type SSROptions,
-  type TAAOptions,
-  type ToneMappingOptions
-} from "./PostProcessPass";
-import {
-  createRendererPostprocessPasses,
-  createRendererPostprocessPlanDiagnostics,
-  type RendererPostProcessPassName,
-  type RendererPostProcessPassPlan,
-  type RendererPostprocessPlanDiagnostics,
-  type RendererPostprocessPlanOptions,
-  type RendererPostprocessTargetFormat
-} from "./RendererPostprocessPlan";
-import { createDefaultShaderLibrary, type ShaderLibrary } from "./ShaderLibrary";
-import { ShadowMap, type ShadowFilterKernel, type ShadowMapOptions } from "./ShadowMap";
-import { ShadowPass } from "./ShadowPass";
-import { Sampler } from "./Sampler";
-import { TextureBinding } from "./TextureBinding";
-import { computePerspectiveCameraFrame, type PerspectiveCameraFrameOptions } from "./CameraFraming";
-import {
-  assertRendererFeatures,
-  createRendererFeatureReport,
-  type RendererFeature,
-  type RendererFeatureReport
-} from "./RendererFeatureGates";
-import { batchStaticRenderItems, type StaticBatchOptions, type StaticBatchInput } from "./SceneOptimization";
-
-export interface RendererOptions extends RenderBackendOptions {
-  readonly width?: number;
-  readonly height?: number;
-  readonly clearColor?: readonly [number, number, number, number];
-  readonly shaderLibrary?: ShaderLibrary;
-  readonly requiredFeatures?: readonly RendererFeature[];
-}
-
-export interface ResizeToDisplayOptions {
-  readonly cssWidth?: number;
-  readonly cssHeight?: number;
-  readonly devicePixelRatio?: number;
-}
-
-export interface ResizeToDisplayResult {
-  readonly resized: boolean;
-  readonly cssWidth: number;
-  readonly cssHeight: number;
-  readonly devicePixelRatio: number;
-  readonly width: number;
-  readonly height: number;
-}
-
-export interface RendererAnimationLoop {
-  readonly running: boolean;
-  stop(): void;
-}
-
-export interface RendererFrameCapture {
-  readonly width: number;
-  readonly height: number;
-  readonly pixels: Uint8Array;
-  readonly diagnostics: RenderDeviceDiagnostics;
-  readonly capturedAt?: string;
-  readonly renderSize?: RendererFrameCaptureRenderSize;
-  readonly pixelHash?: string;
-  readonly pixelDigest?: RendererFrameCapturePixelDigest;
-  readonly pixelStats?: RendererFrameCapturePixelStats;
-  readonly diagnosticsSummary?: RendererFrameCaptureDiagnosticsSummary;
-  readonly metadata?: RendererFrameCaptureMetadata;
-}
-
-export interface RendererFrameCaptureWithMetadata extends RendererFrameCapture {
-  readonly capturedAt: string;
-  readonly renderSize: RendererFrameCaptureRenderSize;
-  readonly pixelHash: string;
-  readonly pixelDigest: RendererFrameCapturePixelDigest;
-  readonly pixelStats: RendererFrameCapturePixelStats;
-  readonly diagnosticsSummary: RendererFrameCaptureDiagnosticsSummary;
-  readonly metadata: RendererFrameCaptureMetadata;
-}
-
-export interface RendererFrameCaptureRenderSize {
-  readonly width: number;
-  readonly height: number;
-  readonly pixelCount: number;
-  readonly byteLength: number;
-  readonly aspectRatio: number;
-}
-
-export interface RendererFrameCapturePixelDigest {
-  readonly algorithm: "sha256";
-  readonly encoding: "hex";
-  readonly source: "rgba8";
-  readonly value: string;
-  readonly byteLength: number;
-}
-
-export interface RendererFrameCapturePixelStats {
-  readonly totalPixels: number;
-  readonly opaquePixels: number;
-  readonly opaqueRatio: number;
-  readonly transparentPixels: number;
-  readonly transparentRatio: number;
-  readonly nonBlankPixels: number;
-  readonly nonBlankRatio: number;
-  readonly underexposedPixels: number;
-  readonly underexposedRatio: number;
-  readonly overexposedPixels: number;
-  readonly overexposedRatio: number;
-  readonly clippedChannelPixels: number;
-  readonly clippedChannelRatio: number;
-  readonly averageLuminance: number;
-  readonly minLuminance: number;
-  readonly maxLuminance: number;
-  readonly averageAlpha: number;
-  readonly averageRgb: readonly [number, number, number];
-  readonly thresholds: {
-    readonly nonBlankLuminance: number;
-    readonly underexposedLuminance: number;
-    readonly overexposedLuminance: number;
-    readonly clippedChannel: number;
-  };
-}
-
-export interface RendererFrameCaptureDiagnosticsSummary {
-  readonly backend: RenderDevice["kind"];
-  readonly renderer: string;
-  readonly vendor: string;
-  readonly capabilities: readonly string[];
-  readonly limitations: readonly string[];
-  readonly drawCalls: number;
-  readonly resources: {
-    readonly buffers: number;
-    readonly shaders: number;
-    readonly renderTargets?: number;
-    readonly textures?: number;
-  };
-  readonly memoryBytes?: {
-    readonly buffers?: number;
-    readonly textures?: number;
-    readonly approximateGpu?: number;
-  };
-  readonly scene?: {
-    readonly submittedObjects?: number;
-    readonly visibleObjects?: number;
-    readonly culledObjects?: number;
-    readonly frustumTestedObjects?: number;
-  };
-  readonly postprocess?: {
-    readonly passes?: number;
-    readonly passNames?: readonly string[];
-    readonly targetFormat?: "rgba8" | "rgba16f" | "rgba32f";
-    readonly renderTargets?: number;
-    readonly textures?: number;
-    readonly targetWidth?: number;
-    readonly targetHeight?: number;
-  };
-  readonly contextLost: boolean;
-  readonly lastError: string | null;
-}
-
-export interface RendererFrameCaptureMetadata {
-  readonly capturedAt: string;
-  readonly renderSize: RendererFrameCaptureRenderSize;
-  readonly pixelHash: string;
-  readonly pixelDigest: RendererFrameCapturePixelDigest;
-  readonly pixelStats: RendererFrameCapturePixelStats;
-  readonly diagnosticsSummary: RendererFrameCaptureDiagnosticsSummary;
-}
-
-export interface RenderSource {
-  collectRenderItems?(): Iterable<RenderItem>;
-  readonly renderItems?: Iterable<RenderItem>;
-  readonly scene?: Scene;
-  readonly renderTarget?: RenderTarget;
-  readonly cameraPolicy?: RendererCameraPolicy;
-  readonly cameraFrameBounds?: SceneBounds3 | {
-    readonly min: readonly [number, number, number];
-    readonly max: readonly [number, number, number];
-  };
-  readonly cameraFrameOptions?: PerspectiveCameraFrameOptions;
-  readonly collectedLights?: Iterable<CollectedLight>;
-  readonly environmentBackground?: EnvironmentBackgroundOptions | false;
-  readonly environmentLighting?: EnvironmentLightingOptions | false;
-  readonly environmentFog?: ForwardEnvironmentFogOptions | false;
-  readonly shadowMap?: ForwardShadowMapOptions;
-  readonly shadow?: RendererShadowOptions | boolean;
-  readonly postprocess?: RendererPostProcessOptions | boolean;
-  readonly cameraPosition?: readonly [number, number, number];
-  readonly geometryLibrary?: RenderResourceLookup<Geometry>;
-  readonly materialLibrary?: RenderResourceLookup<RenderMaterial>;
-  readonly morphTargetLibrary?: RenderResourceLookup<readonly MorphTargetDelta[]>;
-  readonly frustumCulling?: boolean;
-  readonly staticBatching?: boolean | StaticBatchOptions;
-}
-
-export interface RendererInput {
-  readonly source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene;
-  readonly camera?: CameraLike;
-}
-
-export type RendererCameraPolicy = "identity" | "auto-frame" | "require";
-
-export const DEFAULT_RENDERER_AUTO_FRAME_OPTIONS: PerspectiveCameraFrameOptions = {
-  paddingRatio: 0.14,
-  yawRadians: -0.38,
-  pitchRadians: -0.18,
-  nearPadding: 0.2,
-  farPadding: 2.4
-};
-
-export const DEFAULT_RENDERER_ENVIRONMENT_LIGHTING: EnvironmentLightingOptions = {
-  color: [0.78, 0.8, 0.84],
-  intensity: 0.42,
-  proceduralMap: {
-    skyColor: [0.64, 0.76, 0.94],
-    horizonColor: [0.94, 0.82, 0.62],
-    groundColor: [0.12, 0.13, 0.15],
-    specularColor: [1, 0.94, 0.78],
-    intensity: 0.5,
-    specularIntensity: 0.82
-  }
-};
-
-const DISABLED_RENDERER_ENVIRONMENT_LIGHTING: EnvironmentLightingOptions = {
-  color: [0, 0, 0],
-  intensity: 0,
-  proceduralMap: {
-    skyColor: [0, 0, 0],
-    horizonColor: [0, 0, 0],
-    groundColor: [0, 0, 0],
-    specularColor: [0, 0, 0],
-    intensity: 0,
-    specularIntensity: 0
-  },
-  environmentMapIntensity: 0,
-  environmentMapSpecularIntensity: 0
-};
-
-export const DEFAULT_RENDERER_DIRECT_LIGHTING = {
-  key: {
-    color: [1, 0.92, 0.78] as const,
-    intensity: 2.25,
-    direction: [0.42, -0.58, -0.7] as const
-  },
-  fill: {
-    color: [0.48, 0.62, 0.9] as const,
-    intensity: 0.55,
-    direction: [-0.35, -0.22, -0.91] as const
-  }
-} as const;
-
-export interface RendererShadowOptions extends ShadowMapOptions {
-  readonly enabled?: boolean;
-  readonly light?: Light;
-  readonly lightMatrix?: Float32Array | readonly number[];
-  readonly strength?: number;
-  readonly slopeBias?: number;
-  readonly texelSize?: readonly [number, number];
-  readonly filterKernel?: ShadowFilterKernel;
-}
-
-export interface RendererPostProcessOptions extends RendererPostprocessPlanOptions {
-  readonly targetFormat?: RendererPostprocessTargetFormat;
-}
-
-export type RenderResourceLookup<T> = ReadonlyMap<string, T> | Readonly<Record<string, T>>;
-
-interface RenderCollectionDiagnostics {
-  submittedObjects: number;
-  visibleObjects: number;
-  culledObjects: number;
-  frustumTestedObjects: number;
-}
-
-interface RendererPostprocessDiagnostics {
-  readonly postprocessPasses: number;
-  readonly postprocessPassNames: readonly RendererPostProcessPassName[];
-  readonly postprocessTargetFormat: RendererPostprocessTargetFormat;
-  readonly postprocessRenderTargets: number;
-  readonly postprocessTextures: number;
-  readonly postprocessTargetWidth: number;
-  readonly postprocessTargetHeight: number;
-  readonly postprocessPlan: RendererPostprocessPlanDiagnostics;
-}
-
-export interface CameraLike {
-  readonly projectionMatrix?: Float32Array | readonly number[];
-  readonly viewMatrix?: Float32Array | readonly number[];
-  readonly viewProjectionMatrix?: Float32Array | readonly number[];
-  resize?(width: number, height: number): void;
-  updateCameraMatrices?(): void;
-}
-
-export interface ScenePickHit {
-  readonly node: SceneNode;
-  readonly geometry: Geometry;
-  readonly distance: number;
-  readonly bounds: SceneBounds3;
-  readonly hitPoint?: readonly [number, number, number];
-  readonly pointIndex?: number;
-  readonly instanceIndex?: number;
-}
-
-export interface ScenePickOptions {
-  readonly pointRadius?: number;
-  readonly lineRadius?: number;
-}
-
-export class Renderer {
-  public readonly device: RenderDevice;
-  private readonly graph = new RenderGraph();
-  private readonly shaderLibrary: ShaderLibrary;
-  private readonly canvas?: HTMLCanvasElement | OffscreenCanvas;
-  private width: number;
-  private height: number;
-  private clearColor: readonly [number, number, number, number];
-  private disposed = false;
-  private animationLoop: RendererAnimationLoopImpl | null = null;
-  private readonly fusedLdrPostprocessScratch: FusedLdrPostProcessScratch = {};
-
-  private constructor(device: RenderDevice, options: RendererOptions) {
-    this.device = device;
-    this.canvas = options.canvas;
-    this.width = options.width ?? inferInitialCanvasDimension(options.canvas, "width");
-    this.height = options.height ?? inferInitialCanvasDimension(options.canvas, "height");
-    this.clearColor = options.clearColor ?? [0, 0, 0, 1];
-    this.shaderLibrary = options.shaderLibrary ?? createDefaultShaderLibrary();
-    this.resizeCanvas(this.width, this.height);
-  }
-
-  static async create(options: RendererOptions = {}): Promise<Renderer> {
-    const device = await createRenderDevice(options);
-    if (options.requiredFeatures && options.requiredFeatures.length > 0) {
-      assertRendererFeatures(device, options.requiredFeatures);
-    }
-    return new Renderer(device, options);
-  }
-
-  getFeatureReport(): RendererFeatureReport {
-    return createRendererFeatureReport(this.device);
-  }
-
-  resize(width: number, height: number): void {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 || !Number.isInteger(width) || !Number.isInteger(height)) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer dimensions must be positive integers", "INVALID_FRAME_SIZE", { width, height });
-    }
-    this.width = width;
-    this.height = height;
-    this.resizeCanvas(width, height);
-  }
-
-  resizeToDisplay(options: ResizeToDisplayOptions = {}): ResizeToDisplayResult {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    if (!this.canvas) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("resizeToDisplay requires a canvas-backed renderer", "CANVAS_REQUIRED");
-    }
-    const cssWidth = options.cssWidth ?? readCanvasCssSize(this.canvas, "width");
-    const cssHeight = options.cssHeight ?? readCanvasCssSize(this.canvas, "height");
-    const devicePixelRatio = options.devicePixelRatio ?? globalThis.devicePixelRatio ?? 1;
-    if (![cssWidth, cssHeight, devicePixelRatio].every(Number.isFinite) || cssWidth <= 0 || cssHeight <= 0 || devicePixelRatio <= 0) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Display size and DPR must be finite positive values", "INVALID_DISPLAY_SIZE", {
-        cssWidth,
-        cssHeight,
-        devicePixelRatio
-      });
-    }
-    const width = Math.max(1, Math.round(cssWidth * devicePixelRatio));
-    const height = Math.max(1, Math.round(cssHeight * devicePixelRatio));
-    const resized = width !== this.width || height !== this.height;
-    if (resized) {
-      this.resize(width, height);
-    }
-    return { resized, cssWidth, cssHeight, devicePixelRatio, width, height };
-  }
-
-  startAnimationLoop(callback: (timeMs: number, renderer: Renderer) => void): RendererAnimationLoop {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    this.animationLoop?.stop();
-    const loop = new RendererAnimationLoopImpl(this, callback);
-    this.animationLoop = loop;
-    loop.start();
-    return loop;
-  }
-
-  render(input: RendererInput): RenderDeviceDiagnostics;
-  render(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene, camera?: CameraLike): RenderDeviceDiagnostics;
-  render(sourceOrInput: RendererInput | RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene, camera?: CameraLike): RenderDeviceDiagnostics {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    const { source, camera: inputCamera } = normalizeRendererInput(sourceOrInput, camera);
-    sceneFromSource(source)?.updateWorldTransforms();
-    const cameraPolicy = collectCameraPolicy(source);
-    const identityPolicyIgnoresSceneCamera = inputCamera === undefined && cameraPolicy === "identity";
-    const autoFrameOverridesSceneCamera = inputCamera === undefined && hasExplicitAutoFrameCameraPolicy(source);
-    const resolvedCamera = resolveCamera(source, inputCamera, { width: this.width, height: this.height }, {
-      allowSceneCamera: !identityPolicyIgnoresSceneCamera && !autoFrameOverridesSceneCamera
-    });
-    if (!resolvedCamera && cameraPolicy === "require") {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("RenderSource requires an explicit camera but none was supplied or found in the scene.", "CAMERA_REQUIRED");
-    }
-    let cameraViewProjection = resolvedCamera?.viewProjectionMatrix;
-    const collectedItems = collectRenderItemsWithDiagnostics(source, cameraViewProjection, resolvedCamera?.camera);
-    const collectionDiagnostics = collectedItems.diagnostics;
-    let items = collectedItems.items;
-    const lights = collectRenderLights(source);
-    const environmentBackground = collectEnvironmentBackground(source);
-    const environmentLighting = collectEnvironmentLighting(source);
-    const environmentFog = collectEnvironmentFog(source);
-    const explicitShadowMap = collectForwardShadowMap(source);
-    const shadowOptions = collectRendererShadowOptions(source);
-    const sourceCameraPosition = collectSourceCameraPosition(source);
-    const explicitRenderTarget = collectRenderTarget(source);
-    validateExplicitRenderTarget(explicitRenderTarget, this.width, this.height);
-    let cameraPosition = sourceCameraPosition ?? resolvedCamera?.cameraPosition;
-    if (!resolvedCamera && cameraPolicy === "auto-frame") {
-      const autoFrame = createAutoFrameCamera(source, items, this.width, this.height);
-      if (autoFrame) {
-        cameraViewProjection = autoFrame.viewProjectionMatrix;
-        items = applyViewProjection(items, autoFrame.viewProjectionMatrix);
-        cameraPosition = sourceCameraPosition ?? autoFrame.cameraPosition;
-      }
-    }
-    const postprocess = collectPostprocess(source);
-    const ownedTargets: RenderTarget[] = [];
-    const ownedShadowPasses: ShadowPass[] = [];
-    this.graph.clear();
-    let postprocessTargetFormat: Extract<RenderTargetDescriptor["format"], "rgba8" | "rgba16f" | "rgba32f"> | undefined;
-    if (postprocess) {
-      const format = postprocess.targetFormat ?? defaultPostprocessTargetFormat(this.device, postprocess);
-      postprocessTargetFormat = format;
-      if ((format === "rgba16f" || format === "rgba32f") && !this.device.info.capabilities?.includes("hdr-render-targets")) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer HDR postprocess requires an HDR-capable backend", "HDR_POSTPROCESS_UNSUPPORTED", {
-          backend: this.device.kind,
-          format
-        });
-      }
-      if ((format === "rgba16f" || format === "rgba32f") && postprocess.toneMapping === false) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer HDR postprocess requires tone mapping before presentation or LDR postprocess passes", "HDR_POSTPROCESS_TONEMAPPING_REQUIRED", {
-          backend: this.device.kind,
-          format
-        });
-      }
-      if (!this.device.presentRenderTarget) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer postprocess requires a backend presentation path", "POSTPROCESS_PRESENT_UNSUPPORTED", {
-          backend: this.device.kind
-        });
-      }
-      const requiresDepthTexture = postprocessRequiresDepthTexture(postprocess);
-      if (requiresDepthTexture && !this.device.info.capabilities?.includes("depth-textures")) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Depth-aware renderer postprocess requires a backend with sampleable depth texture render targets.", "DEPTH_POSTPROCESS_UNSUPPORTED", {
-          backend: this.device.kind
-        });
-      }
-      const forwardTarget = this.device.createRenderTarget({
-        width: this.width,
-        height: this.height,
-        label: "renderer-forward-color",
-        format,
-        depth: requiresDepthTexture ? "texture" : true
-      });
-      ownedTargets.push(forwardTarget);
-      this.device.setRenderTarget(forwardTarget);
-    }
-    this.device.beginFrame(this.width, this.height);
-    try {
-      const rendererShadowMap = explicitShadowMap ?? this.executeRendererShadowMap({
-        shadowOptions,
-        source,
-        items,
-        lights,
-        ownedTargets,
-        ownedShadowPasses
-      });
-      if (postprocess) {
-        const forwardTarget = ownedTargets[0];
-        if (!forwardTarget) {
-          throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer postprocess missing forward render target", "POSTPROCESS_TARGET_MISSING");
-        }
-        this.device.setRenderTarget(forwardTarget);
-      } else {
-        this.device.setRenderTarget(explicitRenderTarget ?? null);
-      }
-      this.device.clear(this.clearColor);
-      if (environmentBackground) {
-        this.graph.addPass(new EnvironmentBackgroundPass({
-          ...environmentBackground,
-          outputColorSpace: postprocess ? "linear" : environmentBackground.outputColorSpace,
-          inverseViewProjectionMatrix: environmentBackground.inverseViewProjectionMatrix ?? invertMat4(cameraViewProjection ?? identityMat4()),
-          shaderLibrary: this.shaderLibrary
-        }));
-      }
-      this.graph.addPass(new ForwardPass({
-        items,
-        lights,
-        environmentLighting,
-        environmentFog,
-        inputColorResource: environmentBackground ? ENVIRONMENT_BACKGROUND_COLOR_RESOURCE : undefined,
-        shadowMap: rendererShadowMap,
-        cameraPosition,
-        outputColorSpace: postprocess ? "linear" : "srgb",
-        shaderLibrary: this.shaderLibrary
-      }));
-      this.graph.execute({ device: this.device, width: this.width, height: this.height });
-      if (postprocess) {
-        this.executePostprocess(postprocess, ownedTargets, explicitRenderTarget);
-      }
-    } finally {
-      this.device.endFrame();
-      for (const shadowPass of ownedShadowPasses) {
-        shadowPass.dispose();
-      }
-      for (const target of ownedTargets) {
-        target.dispose();
-      }
-    }
-    return withRendererFrameDiagnostics(this.device.getDiagnostics(), collectionDiagnostics, createPostprocessDiagnostics(postprocess, ownedTargets, this.width, this.height, {
-      targetFormat: postprocessTargetFormat,
-      nativeLdrPostprocess: Boolean(this.device.presentLdrPostprocess),
-      rendererDepthAvailable: Boolean(postprocess && postprocessRequiresDepthTexture(postprocess) && this.device.info.capabilities?.includes("depth-textures"))
-    }));
-  }
-
-  renderAsync(input: RendererInput): Promise<RenderDeviceDiagnostics>;
-  renderAsync(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene, camera?: CameraLike): Promise<RenderDeviceDiagnostics>;
-  async renderAsync(sourceOrInput: RendererInput | RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene, camera?: CameraLike): Promise<RenderDeviceDiagnostics> {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    const { source, camera: inputCamera } = normalizeRendererInput(sourceOrInput, camera);
-    sceneFromSource(source)?.updateWorldTransforms();
-    const cameraPolicy = collectCameraPolicy(source);
-    const identityPolicyIgnoresSceneCamera = inputCamera === undefined && cameraPolicy === "identity";
-    const autoFrameOverridesSceneCamera = inputCamera === undefined && hasExplicitAutoFrameCameraPolicy(source);
-    const resolvedCamera = resolveCamera(source, inputCamera, { width: this.width, height: this.height }, {
-      allowSceneCamera: !identityPolicyIgnoresSceneCamera && !autoFrameOverridesSceneCamera
-    });
-    if (!resolvedCamera && cameraPolicy === "require") {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("RenderSource requires an explicit camera but none was supplied or found in the scene.", "CAMERA_REQUIRED");
-    }
-    let cameraViewProjection = resolvedCamera?.viewProjectionMatrix;
-    const collectedItems = collectRenderItemsWithDiagnostics(source, cameraViewProjection, resolvedCamera?.camera);
-    const collectionDiagnostics = collectedItems.diagnostics;
-    let items = collectedItems.items;
-    const lights = collectRenderLights(source);
-    const environmentBackground = collectEnvironmentBackground(source);
-    const environmentLighting = collectEnvironmentLighting(source);
-    const environmentFog = collectEnvironmentFog(source);
-    const explicitShadowMap = collectForwardShadowMap(source);
-    const shadowOptions = collectRendererShadowOptions(source);
-    const sourceCameraPosition = collectSourceCameraPosition(source);
-    const explicitRenderTarget = collectRenderTarget(source);
-    validateExplicitRenderTarget(explicitRenderTarget, this.width, this.height);
-    let cameraPosition = sourceCameraPosition ?? resolvedCamera?.cameraPosition;
-    if (!resolvedCamera && cameraPolicy === "auto-frame") {
-      const autoFrame = createAutoFrameCamera(source, items, this.width, this.height);
-      if (autoFrame) {
-        cameraViewProjection = autoFrame.viewProjectionMatrix;
-        items = applyViewProjection(items, autoFrame.viewProjectionMatrix);
-        cameraPosition = sourceCameraPosition ?? autoFrame.cameraPosition;
-      }
-    }
-    const postprocess = collectPostprocess(source);
-    const ownedTargets: RenderTarget[] = [];
-    const ownedShadowPasses: ShadowPass[] = [];
-    this.graph.clear();
-    let postprocessTargetFormat: Extract<RenderTargetDescriptor["format"], "rgba8" | "rgba16f" | "rgba32f"> | undefined;
-    if (postprocess) {
-      const format = postprocess.targetFormat ?? defaultPostprocessTargetFormat(this.device, postprocess);
-      postprocessTargetFormat = format;
-      if ((format === "rgba16f" || format === "rgba32f") && !this.device.info.capabilities?.includes("hdr-render-targets")) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer HDR postprocess requires an HDR-capable backend", "HDR_POSTPROCESS_UNSUPPORTED", {
-          backend: this.device.kind,
-          format
-        });
-      }
-      if ((format === "rgba16f" || format === "rgba32f") && postprocess.toneMapping === false) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer HDR postprocess requires tone mapping before presentation or LDR postprocess passes", "HDR_POSTPROCESS_TONEMAPPING_REQUIRED", {
-          backend: this.device.kind,
-          format
-        });
-      }
-      if (!this.device.presentRenderTarget) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer postprocess requires a backend presentation path", "POSTPROCESS_PRESENT_UNSUPPORTED", {
-          backend: this.device.kind
-        });
-      }
-      const requiresDepthTexture = postprocessRequiresDepthTexture(postprocess);
-      if (requiresDepthTexture && !this.device.info.capabilities?.includes("depth-textures")) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Depth-aware renderer postprocess requires a backend with sampleable depth texture render targets.", "DEPTH_POSTPROCESS_UNSUPPORTED", {
-          backend: this.device.kind
-        });
-      }
-      const forwardTarget = this.device.createRenderTarget({
-        width: this.width,
-        height: this.height,
-        label: "renderer-forward-color",
-        format,
-        depth: requiresDepthTexture ? "texture" : true
-      });
-      ownedTargets.push(forwardTarget);
-      this.device.setRenderTarget(forwardTarget);
-    }
-    this.device.beginFrame(this.width, this.height);
-    try {
-      const rendererShadowMap = explicitShadowMap ?? this.executeRendererShadowMap({
-        shadowOptions,
-        source,
-        items,
-        lights,
-        ownedTargets,
-        ownedShadowPasses
-      });
-      if (postprocess) {
-        const forwardTarget = ownedTargets[0];
-        if (!forwardTarget) {
-          throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer postprocess missing forward render target", "POSTPROCESS_TARGET_MISSING");
-        }
-        this.device.setRenderTarget(forwardTarget);
-      } else {
-        this.device.setRenderTarget(explicitRenderTarget ?? null);
-      }
-      this.device.clear(this.clearColor);
-      if (environmentBackground) {
-        this.graph.addPass(new EnvironmentBackgroundPass({
-          ...environmentBackground,
-          outputColorSpace: postprocess ? "linear" : environmentBackground.outputColorSpace,
-          inverseViewProjectionMatrix: environmentBackground.inverseViewProjectionMatrix ?? invertMat4(cameraViewProjection ?? identityMat4()),
-          shaderLibrary: this.shaderLibrary
-        }));
-      }
-      this.graph.addPass(new ForwardPass({
-        items,
-        lights,
-        environmentLighting,
-        environmentFog,
-        inputColorResource: environmentBackground ? ENVIRONMENT_BACKGROUND_COLOR_RESOURCE : undefined,
-        shadowMap: rendererShadowMap,
-        cameraPosition,
-        outputColorSpace: postprocess ? "linear" : "srgb",
-        shaderLibrary: this.shaderLibrary
-      }));
-      this.graph.execute({ device: this.device, width: this.width, height: this.height });
-      if (postprocess) {
-        await this.executePostprocessAsync(postprocess, ownedTargets, explicitRenderTarget);
-      }
-    } finally {
-      this.device.endFrame();
-      for (const shadowPass of ownedShadowPasses) {
-        shadowPass.dispose();
-      }
-      for (const target of ownedTargets) {
-        target.dispose();
-      }
-    }
-    return withRendererFrameDiagnostics(this.device.getDiagnostics(), collectionDiagnostics, createPostprocessDiagnostics(postprocess, ownedTargets, this.width, this.height, {
-      targetFormat: postprocessTargetFormat,
-      nativeLdrPostprocess: Boolean(this.device.presentLdrPostprocess),
-      rendererDepthAvailable: Boolean(postprocess && postprocessRequiresDepthTexture(postprocess) && this.device.info.capabilities?.includes("depth-textures"))
-    }));
-  }
-
-  renderScene(scene: RenderSource | Scene, camera?: CameraLike): RenderDeviceDiagnostics {
-    return this.render(scene, camera);
-  }
-
-  renderItems(items: Iterable<RenderItem>, camera?: CameraLike, options: Omit<RenderSource, "renderItems"> = {}): RenderDeviceDiagnostics {
-    return this.render({ ...options, renderItems: items }, camera);
-  }
-
-  captureFrame(source?: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene, camera?: CameraLike): RendererFrameCaptureWithMetadata {
-    const diagnostics = source ? this.render(source, camera) : this.device.getDiagnostics();
-    const pixels = this.device.readPixels(0, 0, this.width, this.height);
-    const metadata = createRendererFrameCaptureMetadata(this.device, this.width, this.height, pixels, diagnostics);
-    return {
-      width: this.width,
-      height: this.height,
-      pixels,
-      diagnostics,
-      capturedAt: metadata.capturedAt,
-      renderSize: metadata.renderSize,
-      pixelHash: metadata.pixelHash,
-      pixelDigest: metadata.pixelDigest,
-      pixelStats: metadata.pixelStats,
-      diagnosticsSummary: metadata.diagnosticsSummary,
-      metadata
-    };
-  }
-
-  getDiagnostics(): RenderDeviceDiagnostics {
-    return this.device.getDiagnostics();
-  }
-
-  dispose(): void {
-    this.animationLoop?.stop();
-    this.animationLoop = null;
-    this.device.dispose();
-    this.disposed = true;
-  }
-
-  private assertAlive(): void {
-    if (this.disposed || this.device.disposed) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer is disposed", "DISPOSED_DEVICE");
-    }
-  }
-
-  private resizeCanvas(width: number, height: number): void {
-    if (!this.canvas) return;
-    if (this.canvas.width !== width) {
-      this.canvas.width = width;
-    }
-    if (this.canvas.height !== height) {
-      this.canvas.height = height;
-    }
-  }
-
-  private executePostprocess(postprocess: RendererPostProcessOptions, ownedTargets: RenderTarget[], outputTarget?: RenderTarget): void {
-    const forwardTarget = ownedTargets[0];
-    let current = forwardTarget;
-    if (!current) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer postprocess missing forward render target", "POSTPROCESS_TARGET_MISSING");
-    }
-    const passes = createRendererPostprocessPasses(postprocess);
-    if (passes.length === 0) {
-      if (outputTarget) {
-        this.device.setRenderTarget(current);
-        writePostProcessPixels(this.device, current, outputTarget, this.device.readPixels(0, 0, current.width, current.height));
-      } else {
-        this.device.presentRenderTarget?.(current);
-      }
-      return;
-    }
-    if (this.executeFusedLdrPostprocess(current, passes, outputTarget)) return;
-    for (let index = 0; index < passes.length; index += 1) {
-      const pass = passes[index]!;
-      const nextPass = passes[index + 1];
-      if (pass.name === "bloom" && isHdrRenderTarget(current)) {
-        if (nextPass?.name !== "tone-mapping") {
-          throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer HDR bloom requires tone mapping immediately after the float bloom pass.", "HDR_BLOOM_TONEMAPPING_REQUIRED", {
-            source: current.label
-          });
-        }
-        const isCombinedLast = index + 1 === passes.length - 1;
-        const target = isCombinedLast ? outputTarget : this.device.createRenderTarget({
-          width: this.width,
-          height: this.height,
-          label: "renderer-postprocess-tone-mapping",
-          format: "rgba8",
-          depth: false
-        });
-        if (target) ownedTargets.push(target);
-        this.device.setRenderTarget(current);
-        const bloomed = bloomFloatPixels(
-          this.device.readFloatPixels(0, 0, current.width, current.height),
-          current.width,
-          current.height,
-          pass.options as BloomOptions
-        );
-        const mapped = toneMapFloatPixels(
-          bloomed.pixels,
-          current.width,
-          current.height,
-          {
-            outputColorSpace: "srgb",
-            ...(nextPass.options as ToneMappingOptions)
-          }
-        );
-        writePostProcessPixels(this.device, current, target, mapped.pixels);
-        if (target) current = target;
-        index += 1;
-        continue;
-      }
-      const isLast = index === passes.length - 1;
-      const target = isLast ? outputTarget : this.device.createRenderTarget({
-        width: this.width,
-        height: this.height,
-        label: `renderer-postprocess-${pass.name}`,
-        format: "rgba8",
-        depth: false
-      });
-      if (target) ownedTargets.push(target);
-      if (pass.name === "tone-mapping") {
-        new ToneMappingPass({
-          source: current,
-          target,
-          outputColorSpace: "srgb",
-          ...(pass.options as ToneMappingOptions)
-        }).execute({ device: this.device, width: this.width, height: this.height });
-      } else if (pass.name === "bloom") {
-        new BloomPass({
-          source: current,
-          target,
-          ...(pass.options as BloomOptions)
-        }).execute({ device: this.device, width: this.width, height: this.height });
-      } else if (pass.name === "fxaa") {
-        new FXAAPass({
-          source: current,
-          target,
-          ...(pass.options as FXAAOptions)
-        }).execute({ device: this.device, width: this.width, height: this.height });
-      } else {
-        this.executePixelPostprocessPass(pass, current, target, forwardTarget);
-      }
-      if (target) current = target;
-    }
-  }
-
-  private executeFusedLdrPostprocess(current: RenderTarget, passes: readonly RendererPostProcessPassPlan[], outputTarget?: RenderTarget): boolean {
-    if (!canFuseLdrPostprocess(current, passes)) return false;
-    if (this.device.presentLdrPostprocess) {
-      this.device.presentLdrPostprocess(current, {
-        passes: passes.map((pass) => ({
-          name: pass.name,
-          options: pass.options as Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>
-        })) as readonly LdrPostprocessPassDescriptor[],
-        ...(outputTarget ? { outputTarget } : {}),
-        toneMappingDefaults: { outputColorSpace: "srgb" }
-      });
-      return true;
-    }
-    this.device.setRenderTarget(current);
-    const pixels = fusedLdrPostprocessPixels(
-      this.device.readPixels(0, 0, current.width, current.height),
-      current.width,
-      current.height,
-      passes as readonly FusedLdrPostProcessPass[],
-      {
-        mutateInput: true,
-        scratch: this.fusedLdrPostprocessScratch,
-        toneMappingDefaults: { outputColorSpace: "srgb" }
-      }
-    );
-    writePostProcessPixels(this.device, current, outputTarget, pixels);
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  private async executePostprocessAsync(postprocess: RendererPostProcessOptions, ownedTargets: RenderTarget[], outputTarget?: RenderTarget): Promise<void> {
-    const forwardTarget = ownedTargets[0];
-    let current = forwardTarget;
-    if (!current) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer postprocess missing forward render target", "POSTPROCESS_TARGET_MISSING");
-    }
-    const passes = createRendererPostprocessPasses(postprocess);
-    if (passes.length === 0) {
-      if (outputTarget) {
-        this.device.setRenderTarget(current);
-        writePostProcessPixels(this.device, current, outputTarget, await this.readRenderTargetPixelsAsync(current));
-      } else {
-        this.device.presentRenderTarget?.(current);
-      }
-      return;
-    }
-    if (await this.executeFusedLdrPostprocessAsync(current, passes, outputTarget)) return;
-    for (let index = 0; index < passes.length; index += 1) {
-      const pass = passes[index]!;
-      const nextPass = passes[index + 1];
-      if (pass.name === "bloom" && isHdrRenderTarget(current)) {
-        if (nextPass?.name !== "tone-mapping") {
-          throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer HDR bloom requires tone mapping immediately after the float bloom pass.", "HDR_BLOOM_TONEMAPPING_REQUIRED", {
-            source: current.label
-          });
-        }
-        const isCombinedLast = index + 1 === passes.length - 1;
-        const target = isCombinedLast ? outputTarget : this.device.createRenderTarget({
-          width: this.width,
-          height: this.height,
-          label: "renderer-postprocess-tone-mapping",
-          format: "rgba8",
-          depth: false
-        });
-        if (target) ownedTargets.push(target);
-        const bloomed = bloomFloatPixels(
-          await this.readRenderTargetFloatPixelsAsync(current),
-          current.width,
-          current.height,
-          pass.options as BloomOptions
-        );
-        const mapped = toneMapFloatPixels(
-          bloomed.pixels,
-          current.width,
-          current.height,
-          {
-            outputColorSpace: "srgb",
-            ...(nextPass.options as ToneMappingOptions)
-          }
-        );
-        writePostProcessPixels(this.device, current, target, mapped.pixels);
-        if (target) current = target;
-        index += 1;
-        continue;
-      }
-      const isLast = index === passes.length - 1;
-      const target = isLast ? outputTarget : this.device.createRenderTarget({
-        width: this.width,
-        height: this.height,
-        label: `renderer-postprocess-${pass.name}`,
-        format: "rgba8",
-        depth: false
-      });
-      if (target) ownedTargets.push(target);
-      if (pass.name === "tone-mapping") {
-        const mapped = isHdrRenderTarget(current)
-          ? toneMapFloatPixels(await this.readRenderTargetFloatPixelsAsync(current), current.width, current.height, {
-              outputColorSpace: "srgb",
-              ...(pass.options as ToneMappingOptions)
-            })
-          : toneMapPixels(await this.readRenderTargetPixelsAsync(current), current.width, current.height, {
-              outputColorSpace: "srgb",
-              ...(pass.options as ToneMappingOptions)
-            });
-        writePostProcessPixels(this.device, current, target, mapped.pixels);
-      } else if (pass.name === "bloom") {
-        const bloomed = bloomPixels(await this.readRenderTargetPixelsAsync(current), current.width, current.height, pass.options as BloomOptions);
-        writePostProcessPixels(this.device, current, target, bloomed.pixels);
-      } else if (pass.name === "fxaa") {
-        const smoothed = fxaaPixels(await this.readRenderTargetPixelsAsync(current), current.width, current.height, pass.options as FXAAOptions);
-        writePostProcessPixels(this.device, current, target, smoothed.pixels);
-      } else {
-        await this.executePixelPostprocessPassAsync(pass, current, target, forwardTarget);
-      }
-      if (target) current = target;
-    }
-  }
-
-  private async executeFusedLdrPostprocessAsync(current: RenderTarget, passes: readonly RendererPostProcessPassPlan[], outputTarget?: RenderTarget): Promise<boolean> {
-    if (!canFuseLdrPostprocess(current, passes)) return false;
-    if (this.device.presentLdrPostprocess) {
-      this.device.presentLdrPostprocess(current, {
-        passes: passes.map((pass) => ({
-          name: pass.name,
-          options: pass.options as Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>
-        })) as readonly LdrPostprocessPassDescriptor[],
-        ...(outputTarget ? { outputTarget } : {}),
-        toneMappingDefaults: { outputColorSpace: "srgb" }
-      });
-      return true;
-    }
-    const pixels = fusedLdrPostprocessPixels(
-      await this.readRenderTargetPixelsAsync(current),
-      current.width,
-      current.height,
-      passes as readonly FusedLdrPostProcessPass[],
-      {
-        mutateInput: true,
-        scratch: this.fusedLdrPostprocessScratch,
-        toneMappingDefaults: { outputColorSpace: "srgb" }
-      }
-    );
-    writePostProcessPixels(this.device, current, outputTarget, pixels);
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  private executePixelPostprocessPass(pass: RendererPostProcessPassPlan, source: RenderTarget, target: RenderTarget | undefined, forwardTarget: RenderTarget): void {
-    this.device.setRenderTarget(source);
-    const input = this.device.readPixels(0, 0, source.width, source.height);
-    const rendererDepth = isDepthPostprocessPass(pass.name) && !postprocessPassHasDepth(pass.options)
-      ? this.readRendererOwnedDepthTexture(forwardTarget)
-      : undefined;
-    const result = pass.name === "color-grade"
-      ? colorGradePixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as ColorGradeOptions).pixels
-      : pass.name === "chromatic-aberration"
-        ? chromaticAberrationPixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as ChromaticAberrationOptions).pixels
-        : pass.name === "film-grain"
-          ? filmGrainPixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as FilmGrainOptions).pixels
-          : pass.name === "depth-of-field"
-          ? depthOfFieldPixels(input, source.width, source.height, withRendererDepth(pass.options as DepthOfFieldOptions, rendererDepth)).pixels
-          : pass.name === "motion-blur"
-            ? motionBlurPixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as MotionBlurOptions).pixels
-            : pass.name === "contact-shadow"
-              ? contactShadowPixels(input, source.width, source.height, withRendererDepth(pass.options as ContactShadowPostProcessOptions, rendererDepth)).pixels
-            : pass.name === "ssao"
-              ? ssaoPixels(input, source.width, source.height, withRendererDepth(pass.options as SSAOOptions, rendererDepth)).pixels
-              : pass.name === "ssr"
-                ? ssrPixels(input, source.width, source.height, withRendererDepth(pass.options as SSROptions, rendererDepth)).pixels
-                  : pass.name === "taa"
-                    ? taaPixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as TAAOptions).pixels
-                    : pass.name === "outline"
-                      ? outlinePixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as OutlineOptions).pixels
-                      : undefined;
-    if (!result) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer postprocess pass is outside the supported renderer pass catalog", "POSTPROCESS_PASS_UNKNOWN", {
-        pass: pass.name
-      });
-    }
-    writePostProcessPixels(this.device, source, target, result);
-  }
-
-  private async executePixelPostprocessPassAsync(pass: RendererPostProcessPassPlan, source: RenderTarget, target: RenderTarget | undefined, forwardTarget: RenderTarget): Promise<void> {
-    const input = await this.readRenderTargetPixelsAsync(source);
-    const rendererDepth = isDepthPostprocessPass(pass.name) && !postprocessPassHasDepth(pass.options)
-      ? this.readRendererOwnedDepthTexture(forwardTarget)
-      : undefined;
-    const result = pass.name === "color-grade"
-      ? colorGradePixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as ColorGradeOptions).pixels
-      : pass.name === "chromatic-aberration"
-        ? chromaticAberrationPixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as ChromaticAberrationOptions).pixels
-        : pass.name === "film-grain"
-          ? filmGrainPixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as FilmGrainOptions).pixels
-          : pass.name === "depth-of-field"
-          ? depthOfFieldPixels(input, source.width, source.height, withRendererDepth(pass.options as DepthOfFieldOptions, rendererDepth)).pixels
-          : pass.name === "motion-blur"
-            ? motionBlurPixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as MotionBlurOptions).pixels
-            : pass.name === "contact-shadow"
-              ? contactShadowPixels(input, source.width, source.height, withRendererDepth(pass.options as ContactShadowPostProcessOptions, rendererDepth)).pixels
-            : pass.name === "ssao"
-              ? ssaoPixels(input, source.width, source.height, withRendererDepth(pass.options as SSAOOptions, rendererDepth)).pixels
-              : pass.name === "ssr"
-                ? ssrPixels(input, source.width, source.height, withRendererDepth(pass.options as SSROptions, rendererDepth)).pixels
-                  : pass.name === "taa"
-                    ? taaPixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as TAAOptions).pixels
-                    : pass.name === "outline"
-                      ? outlinePixels(input, source.width, source.height, pass.options as OutlineOptions).pixels
-                      : undefined;
-    if (!result) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer postprocess pass is outside the supported renderer pass catalog", "POSTPROCESS_PASS_UNKNOWN", {
-        pass: pass.name
-      });
-    }
-    writePostProcessPixels(this.device, source, target, result);
-  }
-
-  private async readRenderTargetPixelsAsync(target: RenderTarget): Promise<Uint8Array> {
-    this.device.setRenderTarget(target);
-    if (this.device.readPixelsAsync && target.colorTexture.format === "rgba8") {
-      return this.device.readPixelsAsync(0, 0, target.width, target.height);
-    }
-    return this.device.readPixels(0, 0, target.width, target.height);
-  }
-
-  private async readRenderTargetFloatPixelsAsync(target: RenderTarget): Promise<Float32Array> {
-    this.device.setRenderTarget(target);
-    if (this.device.readFloatPixelsAsync && isHdrRenderTarget(target)) {
-      return this.device.readFloatPixelsAsync(0, 0, target.width, target.height);
-    }
-    return this.device.readFloatPixels(0, 0, target.width, target.height);
-  }
-
-  private readRendererOwnedDepthTexture(forwardTarget: RenderTarget): DepthTextureBinding {
-    if (!forwardTarget.depthTexture) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer-owned depth postprocess requires the forward target to expose a depth texture.", "POSTPROCESS_DEPTH_TARGET_MISSING", {
-        renderTarget: forwardTarget.label
-      });
-    }
-    if (!this.device.readDepthPixels) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer-owned depth postprocess requires backend depth readback.", "DEPTH_READBACK_UNSUPPORTED", {
-        backend: this.device.kind
-      });
-    }
-    this.device.setRenderTarget(forwardTarget);
-    return createDepthTextureBinding({
-      label: forwardTarget.depthTexture.label,
-      width: forwardTarget.width,
-      height: forwardTarget.height,
-      data: this.device.readDepthPixels(0, 0, forwardTarget.width, forwardTarget.height)
-    });
-  }
-
-  private executeRendererShadowMap(options: {
-    readonly shadowOptions: RendererShadowOptions | undefined;
-    readonly source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene;
-    readonly items: readonly RenderItem[];
-    readonly lights: readonly CollectedLight[];
-    readonly ownedTargets: RenderTarget[];
-    readonly ownedShadowPasses: ShadowPass[];
-  }): ForwardShadowMapOptions | undefined {
-    if (!options.shadowOptions || options.shadowOptions.enabled === false) {
-      return undefined;
-    }
-    if (!this.device.info.capabilities?.includes("render-targets")) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer-owned shadows require render targets", "SHADOW_RENDER_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED", {
-        backend: this.device.kind
-      });
-    }
-    const light = options.shadowOptions.light ?? firstShadowCastingLight(options.source, options.lights);
-    if (light instanceof PointLight) {
-      return this.executeRendererPointShadowMap({
-        shadowOptions: options.shadowOptions,
-        items: options.items,
-        ownedTargets: options.ownedTargets,
-        ownedShadowPasses: options.ownedShadowPasses,
-        light
-      });
-    }
-    if (light && !(light instanceof DirectionalLight) && !(light instanceof SpotLight)) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer-owned shadow maps require directional, spot, or point lights.", "SHADOW_LIGHT_TYPE_UNSUPPORTED", {
-        lightName: light.name,
-        lightType: light.constructor.name
-      });
-    }
-    const lightMatrix = options.shadowOptions.lightMatrix
-      ? toMat4(options.shadowOptions.lightMatrix, "shadow.lightMatrix")
-      : createRendererOwnedShadowMatrix(light, options.items, firstShadowCastingCollectedLight(options.lights));
-    const shadowMap = new ShadowMap({
-      size: options.shadowOptions.size,
-      bias: options.shadowOptions.bias,
-      filter: options.shadowOptions.filter,
-      pcfRadius: options.shadowOptions.pcfRadius,
-      pcfSamples: options.shadowOptions.pcfSamples,
-      pcfDistribution: options.shadowOptions.pcfDistribution,
-      label: options.shadowOptions.label ?? "renderer-shadow-map"
-    });
-    const shadowPass = new ShadowPass({
-      light,
-      casters: options.items,
-      shadowMap,
-      viewProjectionMatrix: lightMatrix,
-      shaderLibrary: this.shaderLibrary
-    });
-    options.ownedShadowPasses.push(shadowPass);
-    const result = shadowPass.execute({ device: this.device, width: this.width, height: this.height });
-    if (!result.rendered) {
-      if (result.reason === "no-light" || result.reason === "light-disabled" || result.reason === "not-shadow-casting") {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer-owned shadows require an enabled shadow-casting light.", "SHADOW_LIGHT_REQUIRED", {
-          reason: result.reason
-        });
-      }
-      return undefined;
-    }
-    return shadowPass.getForwardShadowMap({
-      lightMatrix,
-      strength: options.shadowOptions.strength,
-      slopeBias: options.shadowOptions.slopeBias,
-      texelSize: options.shadowOptions.texelSize,
-      bias: options.shadowOptions.bias,
-      filterKernel: options.shadowOptions.filterKernel
-    }) ?? undefined;
-  }
-
-  private executeRendererPointShadowMap(options: {
-    readonly shadowOptions: RendererShadowOptions;
-    readonly items: readonly RenderItem[];
-    readonly ownedTargets: RenderTarget[];
-    readonly ownedShadowPasses: ShadowPass[];
-    readonly light: PointLight;
-  }): ForwardShadowMapOptions | undefined {
-    if (!this.device.writeRenderTargetPixels) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer-owned point shadows require render-target pixel upload for the point-light atlas.", "POINT_SHADOW_ATLAS_UPLOAD_UNSUPPORTED", {
-        backend: this.device.kind
-      });
-    }
-    options.light.transform.updateWorld(undefined, true);
-    const size = options.shadowOptions.size ?? 512;
-    const faceMatrices = createPointShadowFaceMatrices(options.light);
-    const faceRects = createPointShadowFaceRects();
-    const shadowMapOptions = {
-      size,
-      bias: options.shadowOptions.bias,
-      filter: options.shadowOptions.filter,
-      pcfRadius: options.shadowOptions.pcfRadius,
-      pcfSamples: options.shadowOptions.pcfSamples,
-      pcfDistribution: options.shadowOptions.pcfDistribution
-    };
-    const atlasPixels = new Uint8Array(size * 3 * size * 2 * 4);
-    for (let face = 0; face < 6; face += 1) {
-      const faceMatrix = faceMatrices.slice(face * 16, face * 16 + 16);
-      const shadowPass = new ShadowPass({
-        light: options.light,
-        casters: options.items,
-        shadowMap: new ShadowMap({ ...shadowMapOptions, label: `${options.shadowOptions.label ?? "renderer-point-shadow"}-face-${face}` }),
-        viewProjectionMatrix: faceMatrix,
-        shaderLibrary: this.shaderLibrary
-      });
-      options.ownedShadowPasses.push(shadowPass);
-      const result = shadowPass.execute({ device: this.device, width: this.width, height: this.height });
-      if (!result.rendered) {
-        return undefined;
-      }
-      const target = shadowPass.getRenderTarget();
-      if (!target) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer-owned point shadow face did not expose a render target.", "POINT_SHADOW_FACE_TARGET_MISSING", { face });
-      }
-      const facePixels = readShadowFacePixels(this.device, target);
-      blitPointShadowFace(atlasPixels, size * 3, size * 2, facePixels, size, faceRects, face);
-    }
-    const atlasTarget = this.device.createRenderTarget({
-      width: size * 3,
-      height: size * 2,
-      label: `${options.shadowOptions.label ?? "renderer-point-shadow"}-atlas`,
-      format: "rgba8",
-      depth: false
-    });
-    options.ownedTargets.push(atlasTarget);
-    this.device.writeRenderTargetPixels(atlasTarget, atlasPixels);
-    const texture = new TextureBinding({
-      name: "u_pointShadowMapTexture",
-      texture: atlasTarget.colorTexture,
-      sampler: new Sampler({ minFilter: "nearest", magFilter: "nearest", addressU: "clamp-to-edge", addressV: "clamp-to-edge" }),
-      required: true
-    });
-    return {
-      texture: new TextureBinding({
-        name: "u_shadowMapTexture",
-        texture: atlasTarget.colorTexture,
-        sampler: new Sampler({ minFilter: "nearest", magFilter: "nearest", addressU: "clamp-to-edge", addressV: "clamp-to-edge" }),
-        required: true
-      }),
-      lightMatrix: identityMat4(),
-      strength: options.shadowOptions.strength,
-      slopeBias: options.shadowOptions.slopeBias,
-      texelSize: options.shadowOptions.texelSize,
-      bias: options.shadowOptions.bias,
-      filterKernel: options.shadowOptions.filterKernel,
-      pointLight: {
-        texture,
-        lightPosition: [options.light.transform.worldMatrix[12], options.light.transform.worldMatrix[13], options.light.transform.worldMatrix[14]],
-        range: options.light.range,
-        faceMatrices,
-        faceRects,
-        strength: options.shadowOptions.strength,
-        slopeBias: options.shadowOptions.slopeBias,
-        texelSize: [1 / Math.max(1, size * 3), 1 / Math.max(1, size * 2)],
-        bias: options.shadowOptions.bias,
-        filterKernel: options.shadowOptions.filterKernel
-      }
-    };
-  }
-}
-
-export function pickSceneRenderables(
-  source: Pick<RenderSource, "geometryLibrary" | "morphTargetLibrary" | "scene">,
-  ray: Ray,
-  options: ScenePickOptions = {}
-): ScenePickHit | undefined {
-  return pickSceneRenderableHits(source, ray, options)[0];
-}
-
-export function pickSceneRenderableHits(
-  source: Pick<RenderSource, "geometryLibrary" | "morphTargetLibrary" | "scene">,
-  ray: Ray,
-  options: ScenePickOptions = {}
-): readonly ScenePickHit[] {
-  const pointRadius = options.pointRadius;
-  const lineRadius = options.lineRadius;
-  if (pointRadius !== undefined && (!Number.isFinite(pointRadius) || pointRadius <= 0)) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Scene point picking radius must be a finite positive number", "SCENE_PICK_RADIUS_INVALID", { pointRadius });
-  }
-  if (lineRadius !== undefined && (!Number.isFinite(lineRadius) || lineRadius <= 0)) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Scene line picking radius must be a finite positive number", "SCENE_PICK_RADIUS_INVALID", { lineRadius });
-  }
-  const scene = source.scene;
-  if (!scene) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Scene picking requires a scene", "SCENE_PICKING_SCENE_MISSING");
-  }
-  if (!source.geometryLibrary) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Scene picking requires a geometryLibrary resource lookup", "SCENE_PICKING_RESOURCES_MISSING");
-  }
-
-  scene.updateWorldTransforms();
-  const hits: ScenePickHit[] = [];
-  for (const { node, renderable } of scene.collectRenderables()) {
-    const geometry = lookupRenderResource(source.geometryLibrary, renderable.geometry);
-    if (!geometry) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Scene pick target references missing geometry", "SCENE_PICK_GEOMETRY_MISSING", {
-        node: node.name,
-        geometry: renderable.geometry
-      });
-    }
-    const morphTargets = source.morphTargetLibrary ? lookupRenderResource(source.morphTargetLibrary, renderable.geometry) : undefined;
-    if (renderable.morphWeights.length > 0 && !morphTargets) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Scene pick target has morph weights but no morph target resource entry", "SCENE_PICK_MORPH_TARGETS_MISSING", {
-        node: node.name,
-        geometry: renderable.geometry,
-        morphWeights: renderable.morphWeights.length
-      });
-    }
-    const bounds = renderableWorldBounds(geometry, node.transform.worldMatrix, renderable.instanceTransforms, morphTargets, renderable.morphWeights, renderable.skinning);
-    if (geometry.topology === "points" && options.pointRadius !== undefined) {
-      hits.push(...pickPoints(node, geometry, ray, node.transform.worldMatrix, renderable.instanceTransforms, options.pointRadius));
-      continue;
-    }
-    const pickBounds = geometry.topology === "lines" && options.lineRadius !== undefined
-      ? expandSceneBounds(bounds, options.lineRadius)
-      : bounds;
-    const hitPoint = ray.intersectBox(pickBounds.toMathBox());
-    if (hitPoint) {
-      hits.push({ node, geometry, bounds: pickBounds, distance: hitPoint.distanceTo(ray.origin), hitPoint: hitPoint.toArray() });
-    }
-  }
-  return hits.sort((left, right) => left.distance - right.distance);
-}
-
-function pickPoints(
-  node: SceneNode,
-  geometry: Geometry,
-  ray: Ray,
-  modelMatrix: Mat4,
-  instanceTransforms: Float32Array | readonly number[] | undefined,
-  pointRadius: number
-): readonly ScenePickHit[] {
-  const hits: ScenePickHit[] = [];
-  const radiusSquared = pointRadius * pointRadius;
-  const transforms = instanceTransforms ? collectInstanceWorldMatrices(modelMatrix, instanceTransforms) : [modelMatrix];
-  for (let instanceIndex = 0; instanceIndex < transforms.length; instanceIndex += 1) {
-    const transform = transforms[instanceIndex]!;
-    for (let pointIndex = 0; pointIndex < geometry.vertexBuffer.vertexCount; pointIndex += 1) {
-      const position = geometry.vertexBuffer.getAttribute(pointIndex, "position");
-      const worldPoint = transformPoint(transform, [position[0] ?? 0, position[1] ?? 0, position[2] ?? 0]);
-      const distance = distanceAlongRay(ray, worldPoint);
-      if (distance < 0) continue;
-      const radialDistanceSquared = squaredDistanceToRayAt(ray, worldPoint, distance);
-      if (radialDistanceSquared <= radiusSquared) {
-        hits.push({
-          node,
-          geometry,
-          bounds: expandPointBounds(worldPoint, pointRadius),
-          distance,
-          hitPoint: worldPoint,
-          pointIndex,
-          instanceIndex: instanceTransforms ? instanceIndex : undefined
-        });
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return hits;
-}
-
-function collectInstanceWorldMatrices(modelMatrix: Mat4, instanceTransforms: Float32Array | readonly number[]): readonly Mat4[] {
-  const matrices: Mat4[] = [];
-  for (let offset = 0; offset < instanceTransforms.length; offset += 16) {
-    matrices.push(multiplyMat4(modelMatrix, toMat4(instanceTransforms.slice(offset, offset + 16), "instanceTransforms")));
-  }
-  return matrices;
-}
-
-function distanceAlongRay(ray: Ray, point: readonly [number, number, number]): number {
-  return (
-    (point[0] - ray.origin.x) * ray.direction.x +
-    (point[1] - ray.origin.y) * ray.direction.y +
-    (point[2] - ray.origin.z) * ray.direction.z
-  );
-}
-
-function squaredDistanceToRayAt(ray: Ray, point: readonly [number, number, number], distance: number): number {
-  const closestX = ray.origin.x + ray.direction.x * distance;
-  const closestY = ray.origin.y + ray.direction.y * distance;
-  const closestZ = ray.origin.z + ray.direction.z * distance;
-  const dx = point[0] - closestX;
-  const dy = point[1] - closestY;
-  const dz = point[2] - closestZ;
-  return dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz;
-}
-
-function expandPointBounds(center: readonly [number, number, number], radius: number): SceneBounds3 {
-  return new SceneBounds3(
-    [center[0] - radius, center[1] - radius, center[2] - radius],
-    [center[0] + radius, center[1] + radius, center[2] + radius]
-  );
-}
-
-function expandSceneBounds(bounds: SceneBounds3, radius: number): SceneBounds3 {
-  return new SceneBounds3(
-    [bounds.min[0] - radius, bounds.min[1] - radius, bounds.min[2] - radius],
-    [bounds.max[0] + radius, bounds.max[1] + radius, bounds.max[2] + radius]
-  );
-}
-
-class RendererAnimationLoopImpl implements RendererAnimationLoop {
-  private requestId: number | null = null;
-  public running = false;
-
-  constructor(
-    private readonly renderer: Renderer,
-    private readonly callback: (timeMs: number, renderer: Renderer) => void
-  ) {}
-
-  start(): void {
-    if (typeof requestAnimationFrame !== "function" || typeof cancelAnimationFrame !== "function") {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer animation loops require requestAnimationFrame", "ANIMATION_LOOP_UNAVAILABLE");
-    }
-    this.running = true;
-    this.requestId = requestAnimationFrame((timeMs) => this.tick(timeMs));
-  }
-
-  stop(): void {
-    this.running = false;
-    if (this.requestId !== null) {
-      cancelAnimationFrame(this.requestId);
-      this.requestId = null;
-    }
-  }
-
-  private tick(timeMs: number): void {
-    if (!this.running) {
-      return;
-    }
-    this.callback(timeMs, this.renderer);
-    if (this.running) {
-      this.requestId = requestAnimationFrame((nextTimeMs) => this.tick(nextTimeMs));
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-function readCanvasCssSize(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement | OffscreenCanvas, axis: "width" | "height"): number {
-  if ("getBoundingClientRect" in canvas) {
-    const bounds = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
-    const value = axis === "width" ? bounds.width : bounds.height;
-    if (value > 0) {
-      return value;
-    }
-  }
-  return axis === "width" ? canvas.width : canvas.height;
-}
-
-function inferInitialCanvasDimension(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement | OffscreenCanvas | undefined, axis: "width" | "height"): number {
-  if (!canvas) return 1;
-  const cssSize = readCanvasCssSize(canvas, axis);
-  const dpr = Number.isFinite(globalThis.devicePixelRatio) && globalThis.devicePixelRatio > 0 ? globalThis.devicePixelRatio : 1;
-  const displaySize = Math.round(cssSize * dpr);
-  return Math.max(1, displaySize || (axis === "width" ? canvas.width : canvas.height) || 1);
-}
-
-function collectEnvironmentLighting(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): EnvironmentLightingOptions | undefined {
-  if (source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source)) return undefined;
-  if (source.environmentLighting === false) return cloneEnvironmentLighting(DISABLED_RENDERER_ENVIRONMENT_LIGHTING);
-  if (source.environmentLighting) return source.environmentLighting;
-  return cloneEnvironmentLighting(DEFAULT_RENDERER_ENVIRONMENT_LIGHTING);
-}
-
-function collectEnvironmentBackground(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): EnvironmentBackgroundOptions | undefined {
-  if (source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source) || source.environmentBackground === false) return undefined;
-  return source.environmentBackground;
-}
-
-function collectEnvironmentFog(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): ForwardEnvironmentFogOptions | false | undefined {
-  if (source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source)) return undefined;
-  return source.environmentFog;
-}
-
-function collectForwardShadowMap(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): ForwardShadowMapOptions | undefined {
-  return source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source) ? undefined : source.shadowMap;
-}
-
-function collectRenderTarget(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): RenderTarget | undefined {
-  return source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source) ? undefined : source.renderTarget;
-}
-
-function validateExplicitRenderTarget(target: RenderTarget | undefined, width: number, height: number): void {
-  if (!target) return;
-  if (target.disposed) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer renderTarget must be a live render target.", "RENDER_TARGET_DISPOSED", {
-      renderTarget: target.label
-    });
-  }
-  if (target.width !== width || target.height !== height) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer renderTarget dimensions must match the renderer viewport.", "RENDER_TARGET_VIEWPORT_MISMATCH", {
-      renderTarget: target.label,
-      targetWidth: target.width,
-      targetHeight: target.height,
-      rendererWidth: width,
-      rendererHeight: height
-    });
-  }
-}
-
-function collectRendererShadowOptions(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): RendererShadowOptions | undefined {
-  if (source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source)) return undefined;
-  if (source.shadow === true) return {};
-  if (!source.shadow) return undefined;
-  return source.shadow;
-}
-
-function firstShadowCastingLight(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene, lights: readonly CollectedLight[]): Light | null {
-  const explicit = lights.find((light) => light.castsShadow && light.source.visible)?.source;
-  if (explicit) return explicit;
-  const scene = sceneFromSource(source);
-  return scene?.collectLights().find((light) => light.visible && light.castsShadow) ?? null;
-}
-
-function firstShadowCastingCollectedLight(lights: readonly CollectedLight[]): CollectedLight | undefined {
-  return lights.find((light) => light.castsShadow && light.source.visible);
-}
-
-function lightDirectionFromLight(light: Light | null): Vec3 {
-  if (!light) return [0, -1, -1];
-  const direction = light instanceof DirectionalLight ? light.getDirection() : undefined;
-  return normalizeVec3([
-    Number(direction?.[0] ?? 0),
-    Number(direction?.[1] ?? -1),
-    Number(direction?.[2] ?? -1)
-  ]);
-}
-
-function createRendererOwnedShadowMatrix(light: Light | null, items: readonly RenderItem[], collectedLight: CollectedLight | undefined): Mat4 {
-  if (light instanceof SpotLight) {
-    light.transform.updateWorld(undefined, true);
-    const near = 0.01;
-    const far = Math.max(near + 0.01, light.range);
-    const projectionMatrix = perspectiveMat4(light.angle * 2, 1, near, far);
-    return multiplyMat4(projectionMatrix, light.transform.inverseWorldMatrix);
-  }
-  return createDirectionalShadowMatrix(items, collectedLight?.direction ?? lightDirectionFromLight(light));
-}
-
-function createPointShadowFaceMatrices(light: PointLight): Float32Array {
-  light.transform.updateWorld(undefined, true);
-  const position: Vec3 = [
-    light.transform.worldMatrix[12],
-    light.transform.worldMatrix[13],
-    light.transform.worldMatrix[14]
-  ];
-  const projection = perspectiveMat4(Math.PI / 2, 1, 0.01, Math.max(0.02, light.range));
-  const faces: readonly { readonly direction: Vec3; readonly up: Vec3 }[] = [
-    { direction: [1, 0, 0], up: [0, -1, 0] },
-    { direction: [-1, 0, 0], up: [0, -1, 0] },
-    { direction: [0, 1, 0], up: [0, 0, 1] },
-    { direction: [0, -1, 0], up: [0, 0, -1] },
-    { direction: [0, 0, 1], up: [0, -1, 0] },
-    { direction: [0, 0, -1], up: [0, -1, 0] }
-  ];
-  const matrices = new Float32Array(6 * 16);
-  for (const [index, face] of faces.entries()) {
-    const view = lookAtMatrix(position, addVec3(position, face.direction), face.up);
-    matrices.set(multiplyMat4(projection, view), index * 16);
-  }
-  return matrices;
-}
-
-function createPointShadowFaceRects(): Float32Array {
-  const rects = new Float32Array(6 * 4);
-  for (let face = 0; face < 6; face += 1) {
-    const column = face % 3;
-    const row = Math.floor(face / 3);
-    rects.set([column / 3, row / 2, 1 / 3, 1 / 2], face * 4);
-  }
-  return rects;
-}
-
-function readShadowFacePixels(device: RenderDevice, target: RenderTarget): Uint8Array {
-  device.setRenderTarget(target);
-  if (target.depthTexture && device.readDepthPixels) {
-    const depth = device.readDepthPixels(0, 0, target.width, target.height);
-    const pixels = new Uint8Array(target.width * target.height * 4);
-    for (let index = 0; index < depth.length; index += 1) {
-      const byte = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round((depth[index] ?? 1) * 255)));
-      const offset = index * 4;
-      pixels[offset] = byte;
-      pixels[offset + 1] = byte;
-      pixels[offset + 2] = byte;
-      pixels[offset + 3] = 255;
-    }
-    return pixels;
-  }
-  return device.readPixels(0, 0, target.width, target.height);
-}
-
-function blitPointShadowFace(
-  atlasPixels: Uint8Array,
-  atlasWidth: number,
-  atlasHeight: number,
-  facePixels: Uint8Array,
-  faceSize: number,
-  faceRects: Float32Array,
-  face: number
-): void {
-  const rectOffset = face * 4;
-  const destX = Math.round((faceRects[rectOffset] ?? 0) * atlasWidth);
-  const destY = Math.round((faceRects[rectOffset + 1] ?? 0) * atlasHeight);
-  for (let row = 0; row < faceSize; row += 1) {
-    const sourceOffset = row * faceSize * 4;
-    const targetOffset = ((destY + row) * atlasWidth + destX) * 4;
-    atlasPixels.set(facePixels.subarray(sourceOffset, sourceOffset + faceSize * 4), targetOffset);
-  }
-}
-
-function lookAtMatrix(eye: Vec3, target: Vec3, up: Vec3): Mat4 {
-  const forward = normalizeVec3(subtractVec3(target, eye));
-  const right = normalizeVec3(crossVec3(forward, up));
-  const correctedUp = crossVec3(right, forward);
-  return [
-    right[0], correctedUp[0], -forward[0], 0,
-    right[1], correctedUp[1], -forward[1], 0,
-    right[2], correctedUp[2], -forward[2], 0,
-    -dotVec3(right, eye), -dotVec3(correctedUp, eye), dotVec3(forward, eye), 1
-  ];
-}
-
-function createDirectionalShadowMatrix(items: readonly RenderItem[], lightDirection: readonly [number, number, number]): Mat4 {
-  const bounds = collectRenderItemBounds(items);
-  if (!bounds || bounds.isEmpty()) {
-    return identityMat4();
-  }
-  const basis = directionalLightBasis(lightDirection);
-  const points = boundsCorners(bounds).map((point) => projectPointToLightSpace(point, basis));
-  const lightBounds = boundsFromVec3(points);
-  const width = Math.max(0.01, lightBounds.max[0] - lightBounds.min[0]);
-  const height = Math.max(0.01, lightBounds.max[1] - lightBounds.min[1]);
-  const depth = Math.max(0.01, lightBounds.max[2] - lightBounds.min[2]);
-  const padding = Math.max(width, height, depth) * 0.08 + 0.05;
-  const viewMatrix = lightViewMatrix(basis);
-  const projectionMatrix = orthographicMat4(
-    lightBounds.min[0] - padding,
-    lightBounds.max[0] + padding,
-    lightBounds.min[1] - padding,
-    lightBounds.max[1] + padding,
-    lightBounds.min[2] - padding,
-    lightBounds.max[2] + padding
-  );
-  return multiplyMat4(projectionMatrix, viewMatrix);
-}
-
-function directionalLightBasis(lightDirection: readonly [number, number, number]): {
-  readonly right: Vec3;
-  readonly up: Vec3;
-  readonly forward: Vec3;
-} {
-  const forward = normalizeVec3(scaleVec3(normalizeVec3(lightDirection), -1));
-  const fallbackUp: Vec3 = Math.abs(forward[1]) > 0.94 ? [0, 0, 1] : [0, 1, 0];
-  const right = normalizeVec3(crossVec3(fallbackUp, forward));
-  const up = normalizeVec3(crossVec3(forward, right));
-  return { right, up, forward };
-}
-
-function lightViewMatrix(basis: { readonly right: Vec3; readonly up: Vec3; readonly forward: Vec3 }): Mat4 {
-  return [
-    basis.right[0], basis.up[0], basis.forward[0], 0,
-    basis.right[1], basis.up[1], basis.forward[1], 0,
-    basis.right[2], basis.up[2], basis.forward[2], 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 1
-  ];
-}
-
-function projectPointToLightSpace(point: Vec3, basis: { readonly right: Vec3; readonly up: Vec3; readonly forward: Vec3 }): Vec3 {
-  return [dotVec3(point, basis.right), dotVec3(point, basis.up), dotVec3(point, basis.forward)];
-}
-
-function boundsCorners(bounds: SceneBounds3): readonly Vec3[] {
-  return [
-    [bounds.min[0], bounds.min[1], bounds.min[2]],
-    [bounds.max[0], bounds.min[1], bounds.min[2]],
-    [bounds.min[0], bounds.max[1], bounds.min[2]],
-    [bounds.min[0], bounds.min[1], bounds.max[2]],
-    [bounds.max[0], bounds.max[1], bounds.min[2]],
-    [bounds.max[0], bounds.min[1], bounds.max[2]],
-    [bounds.min[0], bounds.max[1], bounds.max[2]],
-    [bounds.max[0], bounds.max[1], bounds.max[2]]
-  ];
-}
-
-function boundsFromVec3(points: readonly Vec3[]): { readonly min: Vec3; readonly max: Vec3 } {
-  const min: Vec3 = [Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY];
-  const max: Vec3 = [Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY];
-  for (const point of points) {
-    for (let axis = 0; axis < 3; axis += 1) {
-      min[axis] = Math.min(min[axis]!, point[axis]!);
-      max[axis] = Math.max(max[axis]!, point[axis]!);
-    }
-  }
-  return { min, max };
-}
-
-function normalizeVec3(value: readonly [number, number, number]): Vec3 {
-  const length = Math.hypot(value[0], value[1], value[2]);
-  if (!Number.isFinite(length) || length <= 1e-8) return [0, -1 / Math.SQRT2, -1 / Math.SQRT2];
-  return [value[0] / length, value[1] / length, value[2] / length];
-}
-
-function scaleVec3(value: Vec3, amount: number): Vec3 {
-  return [value[0] * amount, value[1] * amount, value[2] * amount];
-}
-
-function addVec3(left: Vec3, right: Vec3): Vec3 {
-  return [left[0] + right[0], left[1] + right[1], left[2] + right[2]];
-}
-
-function subtractVec3(left: Vec3, right: Vec3): Vec3 {
-  return [left[0] - right[0], left[1] - right[1], left[2] - right[2]];
-}
-
-function crossVec3(left: Vec3, right: Vec3): Vec3 {
-  return [
-    left[1] * right[2] - left[2] * right[1],
-    left[2] * right[0] - left[0] * right[2],
-    left[0] * right[1] - left[1] * right[0]
-  ];
-}
-
-function dotVec3(left: Vec3, right: Vec3): number {
-  return left[0] * right[0] + left[1] * right[1] + left[2] * right[2];
-}
-
-function collectPostprocess(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): RendererPostProcessOptions | undefined {
-  if (source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source)) return undefined;
-  if (source.postprocess === true) return {};
-  if (!source.postprocess) return undefined;
-  return source.postprocess;
-}
-
-function normalizeRendererInput(
-  sourceOrInput: RendererInput | RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene,
-  camera?: CameraLike
-): RendererInput {
-  if (isRendererInput(sourceOrInput)) {
-    return { source: sourceOrInput.source, camera: camera ?? sourceOrInput.camera };
-  }
-  return { source: sourceOrInput, ...(camera ? { camera } : {}) };
-}
-
-function isRendererInput(value: RendererInput | RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): value is RendererInput {
-  return !(value instanceof Scene) && !isIterable(value) && isRecord(value) && "source" in value;
-}
-
-function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
-  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null;
-}
-
-function collectCameraPolicy(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): RendererCameraPolicy {
-  if (source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source)) return "identity";
-  if (source.cameraPolicy) return source.cameraPolicy;
-  if (source.scene && !source.renderItems && !source.collectRenderItems) return "auto-frame";
-  if ((source.renderItems || source.collectRenderItems) && !source.renderTarget) return "auto-frame";
-  return "identity";
-}
-
-function postprocessRequiresDepthTexture(postprocess: RendererPostProcessOptions): boolean {
-  return Boolean(
-    (postprocess.depthOfField && !postprocess.depthOfField.depth) ||
-    (postprocess.contactShadow && !postprocess.contactShadow.depth) ||
-    (postprocess.ssao && !postprocess.ssao.depth) ||
-    (postprocess.ssr && !postprocess.ssr.depth)
-  );
-}
-
-function canFuseLdrPostprocess(source: RenderTarget, passes: readonly RendererPostProcessPassPlan[]): boolean {
-  const sourceIsHdr = isHdrRenderTarget(source);
-  return passes.length > 1
-    && (!sourceIsHdr || passes[0]?.name === "tone-mapping")
-    && passes.every((pass) => pass.name === "tone-mapping" || pass.name === "color-grade" || pass.name === "fxaa")
-    && passes.every((pass, index) => {
-      const previousRank = index === 0 ? -1 : ldrFusionPassRank(passes[index - 1]!.name);
-      return ldrFusionPassRank(pass.name) >= previousRank;
-    });
-}
-
-function ldrFusionPassRank(name: RendererPostProcessPassName): number {
-  if (name === "tone-mapping") return 0;
-  if (name === "color-grade") return 1;
-  if (name === "fxaa") return 2;
-  return Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-}
-
-function isDepthPostprocessPass(name: RendererPostProcessPassName): name is "depth-of-field" | "contact-shadow" | "ssao" | "ssr" {
-  return name === "depth-of-field" || name === "contact-shadow" || name === "ssao" || name === "ssr";
-}
-
-function postprocessPassHasDepth(options: RendererPostProcessPassPlan["options"]): boolean {
-  return typeof options === "object" && options !== null && "depth" in options && Boolean((options as { readonly depth?: unknown }).depth);
-}
-
-function withRendererDepth<T extends DepthOfFieldOptions | ContactShadowPostProcessOptions | SSAOOptions | SSROptions>(options: T, depth: DepthTextureBinding | undefined): T {
-  return depth && !options.depth ? { ...options, depth } : options;
-}
-
-function defaultPostprocessTargetFormat(
-  device: RenderDevice,
-  postprocess: RendererPostProcessOptions
-): Extract<RenderTargetDescriptor["format"], "rgba8" | "rgba16f" | "rgba32f"> {
-  if (postprocess.toneMapping === false) return "rgba8";
-  return device.info.capabilities?.includes("hdr-render-targets") ? "rgba16f" : "rgba8";
-}
-
-function isHdrRenderTarget(target: RenderTarget): boolean {
-  return target.colorTexture.format === "rgba16f" || target.colorTexture.format === "rgba32f";
-}
-
-function collectSourceCameraPosition(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): readonly [number, number, number] | undefined {
-  if (source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source)) return undefined;
-  const position = source.cameraPosition;
-  if (position === undefined) return undefined;
-  if (position.length !== 3 || position.some((value) => !Number.isFinite(value))) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("RenderSource cameraPosition must contain three finite numbers", "CAMERA_POSITION_INVALID", {
-      cameraPosition: [...position]
-    });
-  }
-  return position;
-}
-
-function collectRenderItems(
-  source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene,
-  cameraViewProjection?: Mat4,
-  camera?: Camera
-): readonly RenderItem[] {
-  return collectRenderItemsWithDiagnostics(source, cameraViewProjection, camera).items;
-}
-
-function collectRenderItemsWithDiagnostics(
-  source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene,
-  cameraViewProjection?: Mat4,
-  camera?: Camera
-): { readonly items: readonly RenderItem[]; readonly diagnostics: RenderCollectionDiagnostics } {
-  const diagnostics = createRenderCollectionDiagnostics();
-  if (isIterable(source)) {
-    const items = applyViewProjection([...source], cameraViewProjection);
-    diagnostics.submittedObjects += items.length;
-    diagnostics.visibleObjects += items.length;
-    return { items, diagnostics };
-  }
-  if (source instanceof Scene) {
-    const items = collectSceneRenderItems(source, {}, cameraViewProjection, camera, diagnostics);
-    return { items, diagnostics };
-  }
-  const items: RenderItem[] = [];
-  if (source.scene) {
-    items.push(...collectSceneRenderItems(source.scene, source, cameraViewProjection, source.frustumCulling === false ? undefined : camera, diagnostics));
-  }
-  const explicitItems: RenderItem[] = [];
-  if (source.collectRenderItems) {
-    explicitItems.push(...source.collectRenderItems());
-  }
-  if (source.renderItems) {
-    explicitItems.push(...source.renderItems);
-  }
-  if (explicitItems.length > 0) {
-    const optimizedItems = applyRendererOwnedStaticBatching(source, explicitItems);
-    const projectedItems = applyViewProjection(optimizedItems, cameraViewProjection);
-    diagnostics.submittedObjects += explicitItems.length;
-    diagnostics.visibleObjects += explicitItems.length;
-    items.push(...projectedItems);
-  }
-  return { items, diagnostics };
-}
-
-const staticBatchGeometryIds = new WeakMap<Geometry, number>();
-const staticBatchMaterialIds = new WeakMap<object, number>();
-let nextStaticBatchResourceId = 1;
-
-function applyRendererOwnedStaticBatching(source: RenderSource, items: readonly RenderItem[]): readonly RenderItem[] {
-  if (!source.staticBatching) return items;
-  const batchable: StaticBatchInput[] = [];
-  const passthrough: RenderItem[] = [];
-  for (const item of items) {
-    if (isStaticBatchCandidate(item)) {
-      batchable.push({
-        geometry: item.geometry,
-        material: item.material,
-        modelMatrix: item.modelMatrix ?? identityMat4(),
-        batchKey: staticBatchKey(item),
-        label: item.label
-      });
-    } else {
-      passthrough.push(item);
-    }
-  }
-  if (batchable.length === 0) return items;
-  const options = source.staticBatching === true ? {} : source.staticBatching;
-  const batched = batchStaticRenderItems(batchable, {
-    labelPrefix: "renderer-static-batch",
-    ...options
-  });
-  return [...passthrough, ...batched.renderItems];
-}
-
-function isStaticBatchCandidate(item: RenderItem): item is RenderItem & { readonly material: RenderMaterial } {
-  return item.material !== undefined &&
-    item.drawRange === undefined &&
-    item.skinning === undefined &&
-    item.morphTargets === undefined &&
-    item.morphWeights === undefined &&
-    item.instanceTransforms === undefined &&
-    item.instanceColors === undefined &&
-    item.instanceAttributes === undefined;
-}
-
-function staticBatchKey(item: RenderItem & { readonly material: RenderMaterial }): string {
-  return `${resourceId(staticBatchGeometryIds, item.geometry)}:${resourceId(staticBatchMaterialIds, item.material)}`;
-}
-
-function resourceId<T extends object>(ids: WeakMap<T, number>, resource: T): number {
-  const existing = ids.get(resource);
-  if (existing !== undefined) return existing;
-  const next = nextStaticBatchResourceId++;
-  ids.set(resource, next);
-  return next;
-}
-
-function collectSceneRenderItems(
-  scene: Scene,
-  source: Pick<RenderSource, "geometryLibrary" | "materialLibrary" | "morphTargetLibrary">,
-  cameraViewProjection?: Mat4,
-  camera?: Camera,
-  diagnostics?: RenderCollectionDiagnostics
-): readonly RenderItem[] {
-  scene.updateWorldTransforms();
-  const renderables = scene.collectRenderables();
-  if (renderables.length === 0) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (!source.geometryLibrary || !source.materialLibrary) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Scene rendering requires geometryLibrary and materialLibrary resource lookups", "SCENE_RENDER_RESOURCES_MISSING", {
-      renderables: renderables.length
-    });
-  }
-  const items: RenderItem[] = [];
-  for (const { node, renderable } of renderables) {
-    const geometry = lookupRenderResource(source.geometryLibrary!, renderable.geometry);
-    const material = lookupRenderResource(source.materialLibrary!, renderable.material);
-    if (!geometry) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Scene renderable references missing geometry", "SCENE_GEOMETRY_MISSING", {
-        node: node.name,
-        geometry: renderable.geometry
-      });
-    }
-    if (!material) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Scene renderable references missing material", "SCENE_MATERIAL_MISSING", {
-        node: node.name,
-        material: renderable.material
-      });
-    }
-    const morphTargets = source.morphTargetLibrary ? lookupRenderResource(source.morphTargetLibrary, renderable.geometry) : undefined;
-    if (renderable.morphWeights.length > 0 && !morphTargets) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Scene renderable has morph weights but no morph target resource entry", "SCENE_MORPH_TARGETS_MISSING", {
-        node: node.name,
-        geometry: renderable.geometry,
-        morphWeights: renderable.morphWeights.length
-      });
-    }
-    const modelMatrix = node.transform.worldMatrix;
-    const bounds = renderableWorldBounds(geometry, modelMatrix, renderable.instanceTransforms, morphTargets, renderable.morphWeights, renderable.skinning);
-    if (diagnostics) {
-      diagnostics.submittedObjects += 1;
-      if (camera) diagnostics.frustumTestedObjects += 1;
-    }
-    if (camera && !camera.frustum.intersectsBox(bounds.toMathBox())) {
-      if (diagnostics) diagnostics.culledObjects += 1;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (diagnostics) diagnostics.visibleObjects += 1;
-    items.push({
-      geometry,
-      material,
-      label: node.name,
-      modelMatrix,
-      normalMatrix: normalMatrixFromModel(modelMatrix),
-      modelViewProjectionMatrix: multiplyMat4(cameraViewProjection ?? identityMat4(), modelMatrix),
-      ...(renderable.skinning ? { skinning: renderable.skinning } : {}),
-      ...(renderable.instanceTransforms ? { instanceTransforms: renderable.instanceTransforms } : {}),
-      ...(renderable.instanceColors ? { instanceColors: renderable.instanceColors } : {}),
-      ...(morphTargets && renderable.morphWeights.length > 0 ? { morphTargets, morphWeights: renderable.morphWeights } : {})
-    });
-  }
-  return items;
-}
-
-function createRenderCollectionDiagnostics(): RenderCollectionDiagnostics {
-  return {
-    submittedObjects: 0,
-    visibleObjects: 0,
-    culledObjects: 0,
-    frustumTestedObjects: 0
-  };
-}
-
-function createPostprocessDiagnostics(
-  postprocess: RendererPostProcessOptions | undefined,
-  ownedTargets: readonly RenderTarget[],
-  width: number,
-  height: number,
-  context: {
-    readonly targetFormat?: RendererPostprocessTargetFormat;
-    readonly nativeLdrPostprocess?: boolean;
-    readonly rendererDepthAvailable?: boolean;
-  } = {}
-): RendererPostprocessDiagnostics | undefined {
-  if (!postprocess) return undefined;
-  const passes = createRendererPostprocessPasses(postprocess);
-  const targetFormat = context.targetFormat ?? postprocess.targetFormat ?? "rgba8";
-  return {
-    postprocessPasses: passes.length,
-    postprocessPassNames: passes.map((pass) => pass.name),
-    postprocessTargetFormat: targetFormat,
-    postprocessRenderTargets: ownedTargets.length,
-    postprocessTextures: ownedTargets.reduce((total, target) => total + 1 + (target.depthTexture ? 1 : 0), 0),
-    postprocessTargetWidth: width,
-    postprocessTargetHeight: height,
-    postprocessPlan: createRendererPostprocessPlanDiagnostics(postprocess, {
-      sourceTargetFormat: targetFormat,
-      targetFormat,
-      nativeLdrPostprocess: context.nativeLdrPostprocess,
-      rendererDepthAvailable: context.rendererDepthAvailable
-    })
-  };
-}
-
-const CAPTURE_NON_BLANK_LUMINANCE_THRESHOLD = 1 / 255;
-const CAPTURE_UNDEREXPOSED_LUMINANCE_THRESHOLD = 5 / 255;
-const CAPTURE_OVEREXPOSED_LUMINANCE_THRESHOLD = 250 / 255;
-const CAPTURE_CLIPPED_CHANNEL_THRESHOLD = 254;
-
-function createRendererFrameCaptureMetadata(
-  device: RenderDevice,
-  width: number,
-  height: number,
-  pixels: Uint8Array,
-  diagnostics: RenderDeviceDiagnostics
-): RendererFrameCaptureMetadata {
-  const pixelDigest = createRendererFramePixelDigest(pixels);
-  return {
-    capturedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-    renderSize: {
-      width,
-      height,
-      pixelCount: width * height,
-      byteLength: pixels.byteLength,
-      aspectRatio: roundCaptureMetric(height > 0 ? width / height : 0)
-    },
-    pixelHash: pixelDigest.value,
-    pixelDigest,
-    pixelStats: createRendererFramePixelStats(pixels, width, height),
-    diagnosticsSummary: createRendererFrameDiagnosticsSummary(device, diagnostics)
-  };
-}
-
-function createRendererFramePixelDigest(pixels: Uint8Array): RendererFrameCapturePixelDigest {
-  return {
-    algorithm: "sha256",
-    encoding: "hex",
-    source: "rgba8",
-    value: sha256Hex(pixels),
-    byteLength: pixels.byteLength
-  };
-}
-
-function createRendererFramePixelStats(pixels: Uint8Array, width: number, height: number): RendererFrameCapturePixelStats {
-  const totalPixels = Math.max(0, width * height);
-  const divisor = totalPixels > 0 ? totalPixels : 1;
-  let opaquePixels = 0;
-  let transparentPixels = 0;
-  let nonBlankPixels = 0;
-  let underexposedPixels = 0;
-  let overexposedPixels = 0;
-  let clippedChannelPixels = 0;
-  let luminanceSum = 0;
-  let alphaSum = 0;
-  let redSum = 0;
-  let greenSum = 0;
-  let blueSum = 0;
-  let minLuminance = totalPixels > 0 ? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY : 0;
-  let maxLuminance = 0;
-
-  for (let pixel = 0; pixel < totalPixels; pixel += 1) {
-    const offset = pixel * 4;
-    const red = pixels[offset] ?? 0;
-    const green = pixels[offset + 1] ?? 0;
-    const blue = pixels[offset + 2] ?? 0;
-    const alpha = pixels[offset + 3] ?? 0;
-    const luminance = ((0.2126 * red) + (0.7152 * green) + (0.0722 * blue)) / 255;
-
-    redSum += red;
-    greenSum += green;
-    blueSum += blue;
-    alphaSum += alpha;
-    luminanceSum += luminance;
-    minLuminance = Math.min(minLuminance, luminance);
-    maxLuminance = Math.max(maxLuminance, luminance);
-
-    if (alpha === 255) opaquePixels += 1;
-    if (alpha === 0) transparentPixels += 1;
-    if (alpha > 0 && luminance > CAPTURE_NON_BLANK_LUMINANCE_THRESHOLD) nonBlankPixels += 1;
-    if (alpha > 0 && luminance <= CAPTURE_UNDEREXPOSED_LUMINANCE_THRESHOLD) underexposedPixels += 1;
-    if (alpha > 0 && luminance >= CAPTURE_OVEREXPOSED_LUMINANCE_THRESHOLD) overexposedPixels += 1;
-    if (
-      alpha > 0 &&
-      (red >= CAPTURE_CLIPPED_CHANNEL_THRESHOLD ||
-        green >= CAPTURE_CLIPPED_CHANNEL_THRESHOLD ||
-        blue >= CAPTURE_CLIPPED_CHANNEL_THRESHOLD)
-    ) {
-      clippedChannelPixels += 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return {
-    totalPixels,
-    opaquePixels,
-    opaqueRatio: captureRatio(opaquePixels, totalPixels),
-    transparentPixels,
-    transparentRatio: captureRatio(transparentPixels, totalPixels),
-    nonBlankPixels,
-    nonBlankRatio: captureRatio(nonBlankPixels, totalPixels),
-    underexposedPixels,
-    underexposedRatio: captureRatio(underexposedPixels, totalPixels),
-    overexposedPixels,
-    overexposedRatio: captureRatio(overexposedPixels, totalPixels),
-    clippedChannelPixels,
-    clippedChannelRatio: captureRatio(clippedChannelPixels, totalPixels),
-    averageLuminance: roundCaptureMetric(luminanceSum / divisor),
-    minLuminance: roundCaptureMetric(minLuminance),
-    maxLuminance: roundCaptureMetric(maxLuminance),
-    averageAlpha: roundCaptureMetric((alphaSum / divisor) / 255),
-    averageRgb: [
-      roundCaptureMetric((redSum / divisor) / 255),
-      roundCaptureMetric((greenSum / divisor) / 255),
-      roundCaptureMetric((blueSum / divisor) / 255)
-    ],
-    thresholds: {
-      nonBlankLuminance: roundCaptureMetric(CAPTURE_NON_BLANK_LUMINANCE_THRESHOLD),
-      underexposedLuminance: roundCaptureMetric(CAPTURE_UNDEREXPOSED_LUMINANCE_THRESHOLD),
-      overexposedLuminance: roundCaptureMetric(CAPTURE_OVEREXPOSED_LUMINANCE_THRESHOLD),
-      clippedChannel: roundCaptureMetric(CAPTURE_CLIPPED_CHANNEL_THRESHOLD / 255)
-    }
-  };
-}
-
-function createRendererFrameDiagnosticsSummary(device: RenderDevice, diagnostics: RenderDeviceDiagnostics): RendererFrameCaptureDiagnosticsSummary {
-  const resources = {
-    buffers: diagnostics.buffers,
-    shaders: diagnostics.shaders,
-    ...(diagnostics.renderTargets !== undefined ? { renderTargets: diagnostics.renderTargets } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.textures !== undefined ? { textures: diagnostics.textures } : {})
-  };
-  const memoryBytes = {
-    ...(diagnostics.bufferBytes !== undefined ? { buffers: diagnostics.bufferBytes } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.textureBytes !== undefined ? { textures: diagnostics.textureBytes } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.approximateGpuMemoryBytes !== undefined ? { approximateGpu: diagnostics.approximateGpuMemoryBytes } : {})
-  };
-  const scene = {
-    ...(diagnostics.submittedObjects !== undefined ? { submittedObjects: diagnostics.submittedObjects } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.visibleObjects !== undefined ? { visibleObjects: diagnostics.visibleObjects } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.culledObjects !== undefined ? { culledObjects: diagnostics.culledObjects } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.frustumTestedObjects !== undefined ? { frustumTestedObjects: diagnostics.frustumTestedObjects } : {})
-  };
-  const postprocess = {
-    ...(diagnostics.postprocessPasses !== undefined ? { passes: diagnostics.postprocessPasses } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.postprocessPassNames !== undefined ? { passNames: diagnostics.postprocessPassNames } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.postprocessTargetFormat !== undefined ? { targetFormat: diagnostics.postprocessTargetFormat } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.postprocessRenderTargets !== undefined ? { renderTargets: diagnostics.postprocessRenderTargets } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.postprocessTextures !== undefined ? { textures: diagnostics.postprocessTextures } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.postprocessTargetWidth !== undefined ? { targetWidth: diagnostics.postprocessTargetWidth } : {}),
-    ...(diagnostics.postprocessTargetHeight !== undefined ? { targetHeight: diagnostics.postprocessTargetHeight } : {})
-  };
-
-  return {
-    backend: device.kind,
-    renderer: device.info.renderer,
-    vendor: device.info.vendor,
-    capabilities: device.info.capabilities ?? [],
-    limitations: device.info.limitations ?? [],
-    drawCalls: diagnostics.drawCalls,
-    resources,
-    ...(Object.keys(memoryBytes).length > 0 ? { memoryBytes } : {}),
-    ...(Object.keys(scene).length > 0 ? { scene } : {}),
-    ...(Object.keys(postprocess).length > 0 ? { postprocess } : {}),
-    contextLost: diagnostics.contextLost,
-    lastError: diagnostics.lastError
-  };
-}
-
-function captureRatio(count: number, total: number): number {
-  return roundCaptureMetric(total > 0 ? count / total : 0);
-}
-
-function roundCaptureMetric(value: number): number {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return 0;
-  return Math.round(value * 1000000) / 1000000;
-}
-
-const SHA256_INITIAL_HASH = [
-  0x6a09e667,
-  0xbb67ae85,
-  0x3c6ef372,
-  0xa54ff53a,
-  0x510e527f,
-  0x9b05688c,
-  0x1f83d9ab,
-  0x5be0cd19
-] as const;
-
-const SHA256_ROUND_CONSTANTS = [
-  0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5, 0x3956c25b, 0x59f111f1, 0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5,
-  0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01, 0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3, 0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7, 0xc19bf174,
-  0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786, 0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc, 0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da,
-  0x983e5152, 0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7, 0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147, 0x06ca6351, 0x14292967,
-  0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc, 0x53380d13, 0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85,
-  0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b, 0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3, 0xd192e819, 0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070,
-  0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08, 0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5, 0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a, 0x5b9cca4f, 0x682e6ff3,
-  0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208, 0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2
-] as const;
-
-function sha256Hex(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
-  const paddedLength = Math.ceil((bytes.length + 9) / 64) * 64;
-  const bitLengthHigh = Math.floor(bytes.length / 0x20000000);
-  const bitLengthLow = (bytes.length % 0x20000000) * 8;
-  const hash: number[] = [...SHA256_INITIAL_HASH];
-  const words = new Uint32Array(64);
-
-  for (let block = 0; block < paddedLength; block += 64) {
-    for (let index = 0; index < 16; index += 1) {
-      const offset = block + index * 4;
-      words[index] = (
-        (sha256PaddedByte(bytes, offset, paddedLength, bitLengthHigh, bitLengthLow) << 24) |
-        (sha256PaddedByte(bytes, offset + 1, paddedLength, bitLengthHigh, bitLengthLow) << 16) |
-        (sha256PaddedByte(bytes, offset + 2, paddedLength, bitLengthHigh, bitLengthLow) << 8) |
-        sha256PaddedByte(bytes, offset + 3, paddedLength, bitLengthHigh, bitLengthLow)
-      ) >>> 0;
-    }
-
-    for (let index = 16; index < 64; index += 1) {
-      const first = words[index - 15]!;
-      const second = words[index - 2]!;
-      const sigma0 = rightRotate32(first, 7) ^ rightRotate32(first, 18) ^ (first >>> 3);
-      const sigma1 = rightRotate32(second, 17) ^ rightRotate32(second, 19) ^ (second >>> 10);
-      words[index] = (words[index - 16]! + sigma0 + words[index - 7]! + sigma1) >>> 0;
-    }
-
-    let a = hash[0]!;
-    let b = hash[1]!;
-    let c = hash[2]!;
-    let d = hash[3]!;
-    let e = hash[4]!;
-    let f = hash[5]!;
-    let g = hash[6]!;
-    let h = hash[7]!;
-
-    for (let index = 0; index < 64; index += 1) {
-      const sigma1 = rightRotate32(e, 6) ^ rightRotate32(e, 11) ^ rightRotate32(e, 25);
-      const choice = (e & f) ^ (~e & g);
-      const temp1 = (h + sigma1 + choice + SHA256_ROUND_CONSTANTS[index]! + words[index]!) >>> 0;
-      const sigma0 = rightRotate32(a, 2) ^ rightRotate32(a, 13) ^ rightRotate32(a, 22);
-      const majority = (a & b) ^ (a & c) ^ (b & c);
-      const temp2 = (sigma0 + majority) >>> 0;
-
-      h = g;
-      g = f;
-      f = e;
-      e = (d + temp1) >>> 0;
-      d = c;
-      c = b;
-      b = a;
-      a = (temp1 + temp2) >>> 0;
-    }
-
-    hash[0] = (hash[0]! + a) >>> 0;
-    hash[1] = (hash[1]! + b) >>> 0;
-    hash[2] = (hash[2]! + c) >>> 0;
-    hash[3] = (hash[3]! + d) >>> 0;
-    hash[4] = (hash[4]! + e) >>> 0;
-    hash[5] = (hash[5]! + f) >>> 0;
-    hash[6] = (hash[6]! + g) >>> 0;
-    hash[7] = (hash[7]! + h) >>> 0;
-  }
-
-  return hash.map((word) => word.toString(16).padStart(8, "0")).join("");
-}
-
-function sha256PaddedByte(bytes: Uint8Array, index: number, paddedLength: number, bitLengthHigh: number, bitLengthLow: number): number {
-  if (index < bytes.length) return bytes[index]!;
-  if (index === bytes.length) return 0x80;
-  const lengthOffset = index - (paddedLength - 8);
-  if (lengthOffset < 0) return 0;
-  if (lengthOffset < 4) return (bitLengthHigh >>> ((3 - lengthOffset) * 8)) & 0xff;
-  return (bitLengthLow >>> ((7 - lengthOffset) * 8)) & 0xff;
-}
-
-function rightRotate32(value: number, bits: number): number {
-  return ((value >>> bits) | (value << (32 - bits))) >>> 0;
-}
-
-function withRendererFrameDiagnostics(
-  diagnostics: RenderDeviceDiagnostics,
-  collection: RenderCollectionDiagnostics,
-  postprocess?: RendererPostprocessDiagnostics
-): RenderDeviceDiagnostics {
-  return {
-    ...diagnostics,
-    submittedObjects: collection.submittedObjects,
-    visibleObjects: collection.visibleObjects,
-    culledObjects: collection.culledObjects,
-    frustumTestedObjects: collection.frustumTestedObjects,
-    ...(postprocess ?? {})
-  };
-}
-
-function renderableWorldBounds(
-  geometry: Geometry,
-  modelMatrix: Mat4,
-  instanceTransforms?: Float32Array | readonly number[],
-  morphTargets?: readonly MorphTargetDelta[],
-  morphWeights?: readonly number[],
-  skinning?: SkinningPaletteBinding
-): SceneBounds3 {
-  const envelope = computeSkinnedMorphTargetWeightedBounds(geometry, skinning, morphTargets, morphWeights);
-  const local = new SceneBounds3(
-    [envelope.min[0], envelope.min[1], envelope.min[2]],
-    [envelope.max[0], envelope.max[1], envelope.max[2]]
-  );
-  if (!instanceTransforms) {
-    return local.transform(modelMatrix);
-  }
-
-  let bounds = new SceneBounds3();
-  for (let offset = 0; offset < instanceTransforms.length; offset += 16) {
-    const instanceMatrix = toMat4(instanceTransforms.slice(offset, offset + 16), "instanceTransforms");
-    bounds = bounds.union(local.transform(multiplyMat4(modelMatrix, instanceMatrix)));
-  }
-  return bounds;
-}
-
-function applyViewProjection(items: readonly RenderItem[], cameraViewProjection?: Mat4): readonly RenderItem[] {
-  const hasCameraViewProjection = cameraViewProjection !== undefined;
-  const viewProjection = cameraViewProjection ?? identityMat4();
-  return items.map((item) => {
-    const modelMatrix = toMat4(item.modelMatrix ?? identityMat4(), "modelMatrix", item.label);
-    const explicitModelViewProjection = item.modelViewProjectionMatrix
-      ? toMat4(item.modelViewProjectionMatrix, "modelViewProjectionMatrix", item.label)
-      : undefined;
-    return {
-      ...item,
-      modelMatrix,
-      normalMatrix: item.normalMatrix ? toMat4(item.normalMatrix, "normalMatrix", item.label) : normalMatrixFromModel(modelMatrix),
-      modelViewProjectionMatrix: hasCameraViewProjection || !explicitModelViewProjection
-        ? multiplyMat4(viewProjection, modelMatrix)
-        : explicitModelViewProjection
-    };
-  });
-}
-
-function createAutoFrameCamera(
-  source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene,
-  items: readonly RenderItem[],
-  width: number,
-  height: number
-): { readonly viewProjectionMatrix: Mat4; readonly cameraPosition: readonly [number, number, number] } | undefined {
-  const bounds = collectCameraFrameBounds(source) ?? collectRenderItemBounds(items);
-  if (!bounds || bounds.isEmpty()) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  const frame = computePerspectiveCameraFrame(bounds, { width, height }, {
-    ...DEFAULT_RENDERER_AUTO_FRAME_OPTIONS,
-    ...collectCameraFrameOptions(source)
-  });
-  return {
-    viewProjectionMatrix: frame.viewProjectionMatrix,
-    cameraPosition: frame.cameraPosition
-  };
-}
-
-function collectRenderItemBounds(items: readonly RenderItem[]): SceneBounds3 | undefined {
-  let bounds: SceneBounds3 | undefined;
-  for (const item of items) {
-    if (item.includeInAutoFrame === false) continue;
-    const itemBounds = renderableWorldBounds(item.geometry, toMat4(item.modelMatrix ?? identityMat4(), "modelMatrix", item.label), item.instanceTransforms, item.morphTargets, item.morphWeights, item.skinning);
-    bounds = bounds ? bounds.union(itemBounds) : itemBounds;
-  }
-  return bounds;
-}
-
-function collectCameraFrameOptions(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): PerspectiveCameraFrameOptions {
-  if (source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source) || !source.cameraFrameOptions) return {};
-  return source.cameraFrameOptions;
-}
-
-function collectCameraFrameBounds(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): SceneBounds3 | undefined {
-  if (source instanceof Scene || isIterable(source) || !source.cameraFrameBounds) return undefined;
-  const bounds = source.cameraFrameBounds;
-  const min = bounds.min;
-  const max = bounds.max;
-  const values = [...min, ...max];
-  if (values.length !== 6 || values.some((value) => !Number.isFinite(value))) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("RenderSource cameraFrameBounds must contain finite min/max vectors.", "CAMERA_FRAME_BOUNDS_INVALID", {
-      min: [...min],
-      max: [...max]
-    });
-  }
-  if (max[0] < min[0] || max[1] < min[1] || max[2] < min[2]) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("RenderSource cameraFrameBounds max must be greater than or equal to min.", "CAMERA_FRAME_BOUNDS_INVALID", {
-      min: [...min],
-      max: [...max]
-    });
-  }
-  return new SceneBounds3([min[0], min[1], min[2]], [max[0], max[1], max[2]]);
-}
-
-function resolveCamera(
-  source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene,
-  camera?: CameraLike,
-  viewport?: { readonly width: number; readonly height: number },
-  options: { readonly allowSceneCamera?: boolean } = {}
-): { readonly viewProjectionMatrix: Mat4; readonly camera?: Camera; readonly cameraPosition?: readonly [number, number, number] } | undefined {
-  const resolved = camera ?? (options.allowSceneCamera === false ? undefined : resolveSceneCamera(source));
-  if (!resolved) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  const resize = maybeCameraResize(resolved);
-  if (viewport && resize) {
-    resize(viewport.width, viewport.height);
-  }
-  resolved.updateCameraMatrices?.();
-  if (resolved.viewProjectionMatrix) {
-    const viewMatrix = resolved.viewMatrix ? toMat4(resolved.viewMatrix, "viewMatrix") : undefined;
-    return {
-      viewProjectionMatrix: toMat4(resolved.viewProjectionMatrix, "viewProjectionMatrix"),
-      ...(resolved instanceof Camera
-        ? { camera: resolved, cameraPosition: cameraWorldPosition(resolved) }
-        : viewMatrix
-          ? { cameraPosition: cameraPositionFromViewMatrix(viewMatrix) }
-          : {})
-    };
-  }
-  if (resolved.projectionMatrix && resolved.viewMatrix) {
-    const viewMatrix = toMat4(resolved.viewMatrix, "viewMatrix");
-    return {
-      viewProjectionMatrix: multiplyMat4(toMat4(resolved.projectionMatrix, "projectionMatrix"), viewMatrix),
-      ...(resolved instanceof Camera
-        ? { camera: resolved, cameraPosition: cameraWorldPosition(resolved) }
-        : { cameraPosition: cameraPositionFromViewMatrix(viewMatrix) })
-    };
-  }
-  throw new RenderDeviceError(
-    "Renderer camera must expose a viewProjectionMatrix or projectionMatrix plus viewMatrix",
-    "CAMERA_VIEW_PROJECTION_MISSING"
-  );
-}
-
-function hasExplicitAutoFrameCameraPolicy(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): boolean {
-  return !(source instanceof Scene) && !isIterable(source) && source.cameraPolicy === "auto-frame";
-}
-
-function cameraWorldPosition(camera: Camera): readonly [number, number, number] {
-  const matrix = camera.transform.worldMatrix;
-  return [matrix[12] ?? 0, matrix[13] ?? 0, matrix[14] ?? 0];
-}
-
-function cameraPositionFromViewMatrix(viewMatrix: Mat4): readonly [number, number, number] {
-  const inverseView = invertMat4(viewMatrix);
-  return [inverseView[12] ?? 0, inverseView[13] ?? 0, inverseView[14] ?? 0];
-}
-
-function maybeCameraResize(camera: Camera | CameraLike): ((width: number, height: number) => void) | undefined {
-  const candidate = (camera as { readonly resize?: unknown }).resize;
-  return typeof candidate === "function" ? candidate.bind(camera) as (width: number, height: number) => void : undefined;
-}
-
-function resolveSceneCamera(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): Camera | undefined {
-  return sceneFromSource(source)?.collectCameras()[0];
-}
-
-function sceneFromSource(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): Scene | undefined {
-  return source instanceof Scene ? source : isIterable(source) ? undefined : source.scene;
-}
-
-function normalMatrixFromModel(modelMatrix: Mat4): Mat4 {
-  const matrix = transposeMat4(invertMat4(modelMatrix));
-  return [
-    matrix[0], matrix[1], matrix[2], 0,
-    matrix[4], matrix[5], matrix[6], 0,
-    matrix[8], matrix[9], matrix[10], 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 1
-  ];
-}
-
-function transposeMat4(matrix: Mat4): Mat4 {
-  return [
-    matrix[0], matrix[4], matrix[8], matrix[12],
-    matrix[1], matrix[5], matrix[9], matrix[13],
-    matrix[2], matrix[6], matrix[10], matrix[14],
-    matrix[3], matrix[7], matrix[11], matrix[15]
-  ];
-}
-
-function toMat4(value: Float32Array | readonly number[], field: string, label?: string): Mat4 {
-  const values = Array.from(value);
-  if (values.length !== 16 || !values.every(Number.isFinite)) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Renderer matrix inputs must be finite mat4 values", "RENDERER_MATRIX_CONTRACT", {
-      field,
-      label,
-      scalars: values.length
-    });
-  }
-  return values as Mat4;
-}
-
-function lookupRenderResource<T>(lookup: RenderResourceLookup<T>, key: string): T | undefined {
-  if (isReadonlyMap(lookup)) {
-    return lookup.get(key);
-  }
-  return lookup[key];
-}
-
-function isReadonlyMap<T>(lookup: RenderResourceLookup<T>): lookup is ReadonlyMap<string, T> {
-  return typeof (lookup as ReadonlyMap<string, T>).get === "function";
-}
-
-function collectRenderLights(source: RenderSource | Iterable<RenderItem> | Scene): readonly CollectedLight[] {
-  if (source instanceof Scene) {
-    return new LightCollector().collect(source);
-  }
-  if (isIterable(source)) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  if (source.collectedLights !== undefined) {
-    return [...source.collectedLights];
-  }
-  if (source.scene) {
-    const collected = new LightCollector().collect(source.scene);
-    if (collected.length > 0 || source.environmentLighting === false) {
-      return collected;
-    }
-    return createDefaultRendererDirectLights();
-  }
-  if (source.environmentLighting !== false && (source.renderItems || source.collectRenderItems)) {
-    return createDefaultRendererDirectLights();
-  }
-  return [];
-}
-
-function createDefaultRendererDirectLights(): readonly CollectedLight[] {
-  const key = new DirectionalLight("default-renderer-key-light");
-  const fill = new DirectionalLight("default-renderer-fill-light");
-  const lights = [
-    { source: key, ...DEFAULT_RENDERER_DIRECT_LIGHTING.key },
-    { source: fill, ...DEFAULT_RENDERER_DIRECT_LIGHTING.fill }
-  ] as const;
-  return lights.map((light) => {
-    light.source.color = [...light.color] as [number, number, number];
-    light.source.intensity = light.intensity;
-    return {
-      kind: "directional" as const,
-      color: [...light.color] as [number, number, number],
-      intensity: light.intensity,
-      position: [0, 0, 0] as [number, number, number],
-      direction: normalizeDefaultLightDirection(light.direction),
-      range: 0,
-      spotAngle: 0,
-      penumbra: 0,
-      castsShadow: false,
-      layerMask: 0xffffffff,
-      source: light.source
-    };
-  });
-}
-
-function normalizeDefaultLightDirection(direction: readonly [number, number, number]): readonly [number, number, number] {
-  const length = Math.hypot(direction[0], direction[1], direction[2]);
-  if (length <= 0 || !Number.isFinite(length)) {
-    return [0, 0, -1];
-  }
-  return [direction[0] / length, direction[1] / length, direction[2] / length];
-}
-
-function cloneEnvironmentLighting(environment: EnvironmentLightingOptions): EnvironmentLightingOptions {
-  return {
-    color: [...environment.color] as [number, number, number],
-    intensity: environment.intensity,
-    ...(environment.proceduralMap
-      ? {
-          proceduralMap: {
-            skyColor: [...environment.proceduralMap.skyColor] as [number, number, number],
-            horizonColor: [...environment.proceduralMap.horizonColor] as [number, number, number],
-            groundColor: [...environment.proceduralMap.groundColor] as [number, number, number],
-            specularColor: [...environment.proceduralMap.specularColor] as [number, number, number],
-            intensity: environment.proceduralMap.intensity,
-            specularIntensity: environment.proceduralMap.specularIntensity
-          }
-        }
-      : {}),
-    ...(environment.environmentMapTexture ? { environmentMapTexture: environment.environmentMapTexture } : {}),
-    ...(environment.environmentCubeMapTexture ? { environmentCubeMapTexture: environment.environmentCubeMapTexture } : {}),
-    ...(environment.environmentMapIntensity !== undefined ? { environmentMapIntensity: environment.environmentMapIntensity } : {}),
-    ...(environment.environmentMapSpecularIntensity !== undefined ? { environmentMapSpecularIntensity: environment.environmentMapSpecularIntensity } : {}),
-    ...(environment.environmentMapRotation !== undefined ? { environmentMapRotation: environment.environmentMapRotation } : {}),
-    ...(environment.environmentMapMipCount !== undefined ? { environmentMapMipCount: environment.environmentMapMipCount } : {}),
-    ...(environment.environmentMapEncoding ? { environmentMapEncoding: environment.environmentMapEncoding } : {}),
-    ...(environment.environmentBrdfLutTexture ? { environmentBrdfLutTexture: environment.environmentBrdfLutTexture } : {})
-  };
-}
-
-function isIterable(value: unknown): value is Iterable<RenderItem> {
-  return typeof (value as Iterable<RenderItem>)[Symbol.iterator] === "function";
-}