@aura3d/rendering 1.3.3 → 1.4.1

package/src/RenderDevice.ts

@@ -1,836 +0,0 @@
-import { type VertexFormat } from "./VertexFormat";
-import { type TextureBinding } from "./TextureBinding";
-import { Texture, type TextureFormat } from "./Texture";
-import { reflectShaderSources, type ShaderReflection } from "./ShaderReflection";
-import type { RendererPostprocessPlanDiagnostics } from "./RendererPostprocessPlan";
-
-export type { ShaderAttributeReflection, ShaderReflection, ShaderUniformReflection } from "./ShaderReflection";
-
-export type RenderBackendKind = "mock" | "webgl2" | "webgpu";
-
-export type BufferUsage = "vertex" | "index" | "uniform" | "readback";
-
-export type IndexType = "uint16" | "uint32";
-
-export type PrimitiveTopology = "triangles" | "lines" | "points";
-
-export interface DisposableResource {
-  readonly disposed: boolean;
-  dispose(): void;
-}
-
-export interface RenderBuffer extends DisposableResource {
-  readonly id: number;
-  readonly usage: BufferUsage;
-  readonly byteLength: number;
-}
-
-export interface ShaderSources {
-  readonly label: string;
-  readonly vertex: string;
-  readonly fragment: string;
-  readonly marker: string;
-}
-
-export interface RenderShaderProgram extends DisposableResource {
-  readonly id: number;
-  readonly label: string;
-  readonly marker: string;
-  readonly reflection: ShaderReflection;
-}
-
-export interface RenderTargetDescriptor {
-  readonly width: number;
-  readonly height: number;
-  readonly label?: string;
-  readonly format?: Extract<TextureFormat, "rgba8" | "rgba16f" | "rgba32f">;
-  readonly depth?: boolean | "renderbuffer" | "texture";
-}
-
-export interface RenderTarget extends DisposableResource {
-  readonly id: number;
-  readonly width: number;
-  readonly height: number;
-  readonly label: string;
-  readonly colorTexture: Texture;
-  readonly depthTexture?: Texture;
-}
-
-export type LdrPostprocessPassName = "tone-mapping" | "color-grade" | "fxaa";
-
-export interface LdrPostprocessPassDescriptor {
-  readonly name: LdrPostprocessPassName;
-  readonly options: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>;
-}
-
-export interface LdrPostprocessPresentationOptions {
-  readonly passes: readonly LdrPostprocessPassDescriptor[];
-  readonly outputTarget?: RenderTarget;
-  readonly toneMappingDefaults?: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>;
-}
-
-export interface DrawCommand {
-  readonly label?: string;
-  readonly topology: PrimitiveTopology;
-  readonly renderState?: RenderCommandState;
-  readonly vertexBuffer: RenderBuffer;
-  readonly vertexFormat?: VertexFormat;
-  readonly vertexCount: number;
-  readonly firstVertex?: number;
-  readonly instanceCount?: number;
-  readonly instanceAttributes?: readonly InstanceVertexAttribute[];
-  readonly indexBuffer?: RenderBuffer;
-  readonly indexType?: IndexType;
-  readonly indexCount?: number;
-  readonly firstIndex?: number;
-  readonly shader?: RenderShaderProgram;
-  readonly uniforms?: ReadonlyMap<string, UniformValue>;
-}
-
-export interface InstanceVertexAttribute {
-  readonly buffer: RenderBuffer;
-  readonly shaderName: string;
-  readonly components: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4;
-  readonly offset: number;
-  readonly stride: number;
-  readonly normalized?: boolean;
-  readonly divisor?: number;
-}
-
-export type UniformValue = number | readonly number[] | Float32Array | Int32Array | Uint32Array | TextureBinding;
-
-export interface RenderCommandState {
-  readonly depthTest: boolean;
-  readonly depthWrite: boolean;
-  readonly cullMode: "none" | "back" | "front";
-  readonly blend: boolean;
-  readonly depthCompare: "always" | "less-equal";
-  readonly colorWrite?: readonly [boolean, boolean, boolean, boolean];
-  readonly scissor?: {
-    readonly x: number;
-    readonly y: number;
-    readonly width: number;
-    readonly height: number;
-  } | null;
-  readonly polygonOffset?: {
-    readonly factor: number;
-    readonly units: number;
-  } | null;
-  readonly stencil?: {
-    readonly compare?: "never" | "less" | "less-equal" | "greater" | "greater-equal" | "equal" | "not-equal" | "always";
-    readonly reference?: number;
-    readonly readMask?: number;
-    readonly writeMask?: number;
-    readonly fail?: "keep" | "zero" | "replace" | "increment" | "decrement" | "invert" | "increment-wrap" | "decrement-wrap";
-    readonly depthFail?: "keep" | "zero" | "replace" | "increment" | "decrement" | "invert" | "increment-wrap" | "decrement-wrap";
-    readonly depthPass?: "keep" | "zero" | "replace" | "increment" | "decrement" | "invert" | "increment-wrap" | "decrement-wrap";
-  } | null;
-}
-
-export type RenderDeviceCapability =
-  | "buffers"
-  | "buffer-readback"
-  | "shader-validation"
-  | "render-targets"
-  | "pixel-readback"
-  | "postprocess-presentation"
-  | "draw-validation"
-  | "rasterization"
-  | "native-render-pipeline"
-  | "native-sampled-textures"
-  | "native-texture-readback"
-  | "canvas-surface"
-  | "hdr-render-targets"
-  | "float-readback"
-  | "depth-render-targets"
-  | "depth-textures"
-  | "contact-shadows"
-  | "spot-shadow-maps"
-  | "point-shadow-maps"
-  | "hdr-image-based-lighting"
-  | "anisotropic-texture-filtering"
-  | "production-pbr-parity"
-  | "gpu-timing"
-  | "webgpu-compute";
-
-export interface RenderDeviceInfo {
-  readonly backend: RenderBackendKind;
-  readonly vendor: string;
-  readonly renderer: string;
-  readonly capabilities?: readonly RenderDeviceCapability[];
-  readonly limitations?: readonly string[];
-}
-
-export interface RenderDeviceDiagnostics {
-  readonly drawCalls: number;
-  readonly buffers: number;
-  readonly shaders: number;
-  readonly renderTargets?: number;
-  readonly textures?: number;
-  readonly bufferBytes?: number;
-  readonly textureBytes?: number;
-  readonly approximateGpuMemoryBytes?: number;
-  readonly disposedBuffers?: number;
-  readonly disposedShaders?: number;
-  readonly disposedRenderTargets?: number;
-  readonly disposedTextures?: number;
-  readonly compressedTextures?: number;
-  readonly compressedTextureBytes?: number;
-  readonly textureFallbacks?: number;
-  readonly textureFallbackBytes?: number;
-  readonly nativeSubmissions?: number;
-  readonly nativeTextureBindings?: number;
-  readonly nativeGeneratedBasicSubmissions?: number;
-  readonly nativeGeneratedTextureSubmissions?: number;
-  readonly nativePassthroughSubmissions?: number;
-  readonly nativePbrSubmissions?: number;
-  readonly nativeInstancedSubmissions?: number;
-  readonly nativeSkinnedSubmissions?: number;
-  readonly nativeMorphSubmissions?: number;
-  readonly nativeEnvironmentBindings?: number;
-  readonly nativeShadowMapBindings?: number;
-  readonly samplerAnisotropyUploads?: number;
-  readonly maxTextureAnisotropy?: number;
-  readonly stateCacheIssued?: number;
-  readonly stateCacheSkipped?: number;
-  readonly stateCacheProgramSwitches?: number;
-  readonly stateCacheTextureBinds?: number;
-  readonly stateCacheBufferBinds?: number;
-  readonly stateCacheVertexArrayBinds?: number;
-  readonly stateCacheSamplerBinds?: number;
-  readonly submittedObjects?: number;
-  readonly visibleObjects?: number;
-  readonly culledObjects?: number;
-  readonly frustumTestedObjects?: number;
-  readonly postprocessPasses?: number;
-  readonly postprocessPassNames?: readonly string[];
-  readonly postprocessTargetFormat?: "rgba8" | "rgba16f" | "rgba32f";
-  readonly postprocessRenderTargets?: number;
-  readonly postprocessTextures?: number;
-  readonly postprocessTargetWidth?: number;
-  readonly postprocessTargetHeight?: number;
-  readonly postprocessPlan?: RendererPostprocessPlanDiagnostics;
-  readonly lastError: string | null;
-  readonly contextLost: boolean;
-}
-
-export interface RenderDevice {
-  readonly kind: RenderBackendKind;
-  readonly info: RenderDeviceInfo;
-  readonly disposed: boolean;
-  readonly contextLost: boolean;
-
-  createBuffer(usage: BufferUsage, byteLength: number, initialData?: ArrayBufferView): RenderBuffer;
-  updateBuffer(buffer: RenderBuffer, byteOffset: number, data: ArrayBufferView): void;
-  readBuffer(buffer: RenderBuffer, byteOffset?: number, byteLength?: number): Uint8Array;
-  createShaderProgram(sources: ShaderSources): RenderShaderProgram;
-  createRenderTarget(descriptor: RenderTargetDescriptor): RenderTarget;
-  setRenderTarget(target: RenderTarget | null): void;
-  writeRenderTargetPixels?(target: RenderTarget, pixels: Uint8Array): void;
-  presentRenderTarget?(source: RenderTarget): void;
-  presentLdrPostprocess?(source: RenderTarget, options: LdrPostprocessPresentationOptions): void;
-  readPixels(x: number, y: number, width: number, height: number): Uint8Array;
-  readPixelsAsync?(x: number, y: number, width: number, height: number): Promise<Uint8Array>;
-  readFloatPixels(x: number, y: number, width: number, height: number): Float32Array;
-  readFloatPixelsAsync?(x: number, y: number, width: number, height: number): Promise<Float32Array>;
-  readDepthPixels?(x: number, y: number, width: number, height: number): Float32Array;
-  beginFrame(width: number, height: number): void;
-  clear(color: readonly [number, number, number, number]): void;
-  clearRenderTarget?(color: readonly [number, number, number, number]): void;
-  draw(command: DrawCommand): void;
-  endFrame(): void;
-  captureState(): ReadonlyMap<string, string | number | boolean | null>;
-  getDiagnostics(): RenderDeviceDiagnostics;
-  dispose(): void;
-}
-
-export class RenderDeviceError extends Error {
-  constructor(
-    message: string,
-    public readonly code: string,
-    public readonly details: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>> = {}
-  ) {
-    super(message);
-    this.name = "RenderDeviceError";
-  }
-}
-
-export class MockRenderBuffer implements RenderBuffer {
-  public disposed = false;
-  public readonly bytes: Uint8Array;
-
-  constructor(
-    public readonly id: number,
-    public readonly usage: BufferUsage,
-    public readonly byteLength: number,
-    initialData?: ArrayBufferView
-  ) {
-    this.bytes = new Uint8Array(byteLength);
-    if (initialData) {
-      if (initialData.byteLength > byteLength) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Initial data exceeds buffer size", "BUFFER_OVERFLOW", {
-          byteLength,
-          dataByteLength: initialData.byteLength
-        });
-      }
-      this.bytes.set(viewBytes(initialData), 0);
-    }
-  }
-
-  dispose(): void {
-    this.disposed = true;
-  }
-}
-
-export class MockShaderProgram implements RenderShaderProgram {
-  public disposed = false;
-
-  constructor(
-    public readonly id: number,
-    public readonly label: string,
-    public readonly marker: string,
-    public readonly reflection: ShaderReflection
-  ) {}
-
-  dispose(): void {
-    this.disposed = true;
-  }
-}
-
-export class MockRenderTarget implements RenderTarget {
-  public disposed = false;
-  public readonly colorPixels: Uint8Array;
-  public readonly colorFloatPixels: Float32Array | null;
-  public readonly depthPixels: Float32Array | null;
-
-  constructor(
-    public readonly id: number,
-    public readonly width: number,
-    public readonly height: number,
-    public readonly label: string,
-    public readonly colorTexture: Texture,
-    public readonly depthTexture?: Texture
-  ) {
-    this.colorPixels = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
-    this.colorFloatPixels = colorTexture.format === "rgba16f" || colorTexture.format === "rgba32f"
-      ? new Float32Array(width * height * 4)
-      : null;
-    this.depthPixels = depthTexture ? new Float32Array(width * height).fill(1) : null;
-  }
-
-  dispose(): void {
-    this.disposed = true;
-    this.colorTexture.dispose();
-    this.depthTexture?.dispose();
-  }
-}
-
-export class MockRenderDevice implements RenderDevice {
-  public readonly kind = "mock";
-  public readonly info: RenderDeviceInfo = {
-    backend: "mock",
-    vendor: "aura3d",
-    renderer: "mock-render-device",
-    capabilities: ["buffers", "buffer-readback", "shader-validation", "render-targets", "pixel-readback", "postprocess-presentation", "draw-validation", "spot-shadow-maps", "depth-render-targets", "depth-textures"],
-    limitations: ["Mock render device validates commands and readback contracts but does not rasterize geometry."]
-  };
-
-  public disposed = false;
-  public contextLost = false;
-  public readonly drawCommands: DrawCommand[] = [];
-  private nextId = 1;
-  private buffers = new Set<MockRenderBuffer>();
-  private shaders = new Set<MockShaderProgram>();
-  private renderTargets = new Set<MockRenderTarget>();
-  private activeRenderTarget: MockRenderTarget | null = null;
-  private backbufferPixels: Uint8Array | null = null;
-  private backbufferWidth = 0;
-  private backbufferHeight = 0;
-  private lastError: string | null = null;
-  private frameActive = false;
-  private viewportWidth = 0;
-  private viewportHeight = 0;
-  private clearColor: readonly [number, number, number, number] = [0, 0, 0, 1];
-
-  createBuffer(usage: BufferUsage, byteLength: number, initialData?: ArrayBufferView): RenderBuffer {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    if (byteLength <= 0 || !Number.isInteger(byteLength)) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Buffer byteLength must be a positive integer", "INVALID_BUFFER_SIZE", { byteLength });
-    }
-    const buffer = new MockRenderBuffer(this.nextId++, usage, byteLength, initialData);
-    this.buffers.add(buffer);
-    return buffer;
-  }
-
-  updateBuffer(buffer: RenderBuffer, byteOffset: number, data: ArrayBufferView): void {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    const mockBuffer = this.requireMockBuffer(buffer);
-    if (mockBuffer.disposed) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Cannot update a disposed buffer", "DISPOSED_RESOURCE", { bufferId: buffer.id });
-    }
-    if (byteOffset < 0 || byteOffset + data.byteLength > mockBuffer.byteLength) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Buffer update range is out of bounds", "BUFFER_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS", {
-        byteOffset,
-        dataByteLength: data.byteLength,
-        byteLength: mockBuffer.byteLength
-      });
-    }
-    mockBuffer.bytes.set(viewBytes(data), byteOffset);
-  }
-
-  readBuffer(buffer: RenderBuffer, byteOffset = 0, byteLength = buffer.byteLength - byteOffset): Uint8Array {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    const mockBuffer = this.requireMockBuffer(buffer);
-    if (mockBuffer.disposed) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Cannot read a disposed buffer", "DISPOSED_RESOURCE", { bufferId: buffer.id });
-    }
-    if (byteOffset < 0 || byteLength < 0 || byteOffset + byteLength > mockBuffer.byteLength) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Buffer read range is out of bounds", "BUFFER_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS", {
-        byteOffset,
-        byteLength,
-        bufferByteLength: mockBuffer.byteLength
-      });
-    }
-    return mockBuffer.bytes.slice(byteOffset, byteOffset + byteLength);
-  }
-
-  createShaderProgram(sources: ShaderSources): RenderShaderProgram {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    if (!sources.vertex.includes(sources.marker) || !sources.fragment.includes(sources.marker)) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Shader source marker is missing from compiled sources", "SHADER_MARKER_MISSING", {
-        label: sources.label,
-        marker: sources.marker
-      });
-    }
-    const program = new MockShaderProgram(this.nextId++, sources.label, sources.marker, reflectShaderSources(sources));
-    this.shaders.add(program);
-    return program;
-  }
-
-  createRenderTarget(descriptor: RenderTargetDescriptor): RenderTarget {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    if (
-      !Number.isInteger(descriptor.width) ||
-      descriptor.width <= 0 ||
-      !Number.isInteger(descriptor.height) ||
-      descriptor.height <= 0
-    ) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Render target dimensions must be positive integers", "INVALID_RENDER_TARGET_SIZE", {
-        width: descriptor.width,
-        height: descriptor.height,
-        label: descriptor.label
-      });
-    }
-    const target = new MockRenderTarget(
-      this.nextId++,
-      descriptor.width,
-      descriptor.height,
-      descriptor.label ?? "render-target",
-      new Texture({ width: descriptor.width, height: descriptor.height, format: descriptor.format ?? "rgba8", label: descriptor.label ?? "render-target-color" }),
-      descriptor.depth === "texture"
-        ? new Texture({ width: descriptor.width, height: descriptor.height, format: "depth24", label: `${descriptor.label ?? "render-target"}-depth` })
-        : undefined
-    );
-    this.renderTargets.add(target);
-    return target;
-  }
-
-  setRenderTarget(target: RenderTarget | null): void {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    if (target === null) {
-      this.activeRenderTarget = null;
-      return;
-    }
-    if (!(target instanceof MockRenderTarget) || !this.renderTargets.has(target) || target.disposed) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Render target is not a live resource owned by this device", "INVALID_RESOURCE", {
-        targetId: target.id
-      });
-    }
-    this.activeRenderTarget = target;
-  }
-
-  writeRenderTargetPixels(target: RenderTarget, pixels: Uint8Array): void {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    const mockTarget = this.requireMockRenderTarget(target);
-    if (pixels.length !== mockTarget.width * mockTarget.height * 4) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Render-target pixel upload must contain width * height * 4 bytes", "INVALID_PIXEL_UPLOAD_SIZE", {
-        targetId: target.id,
-        byteLength: pixels.length,
-        expectedByteLength: mockTarget.width * mockTarget.height * 4
-      });
-    }
-    mockTarget.colorPixels.set(pixels);
-    if (mockTarget.colorFloatPixels) {
-      for (let index = 0; index < pixels.length; index += 4) {
-        mockTarget.colorFloatPixels[index] = (pixels[index] ?? 0) / 255;
-        mockTarget.colorFloatPixels[index + 1] = (pixels[index + 1] ?? 0) / 255;
-        mockTarget.colorFloatPixels[index + 2] = (pixels[index + 2] ?? 0) / 255;
-        mockTarget.colorFloatPixels[index + 3] = (pixels[index + 3] ?? 0) / 255;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  presentRenderTarget(source: RenderTarget): void {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    const mockSource = this.requireMockRenderTarget(source);
-    this.backbufferPixels = new Uint8Array(mockSource.colorPixels);
-    this.backbufferWidth = mockSource.width;
-    this.backbufferHeight = mockSource.height;
-    this.activeRenderTarget = null;
-  }
-
-  readPixels(x: number, y: number, width: number, height: number): Uint8Array {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    if (![x, y, width, height].every(Number.isInteger) || x < 0 || y < 0 || width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Readback rectangle must be positive and in bounds", "INVALID_READBACK_RECT", { x, y, width, height });
-    }
-    const output = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
-    const target = this.activeRenderTarget;
-    if (!target) {
-      if (this.backbufferPixels) {
-        if (x + width > this.backbufferWidth || y + height > this.backbufferHeight) {
-          throw new RenderDeviceError("Readback rectangle exceeds backbuffer bounds", "READBACK_OUT_OF_BOUNDS", {
-            x,
-            y,
-            width,
-            height,
-            boundsWidth: this.backbufferWidth,
-            boundsHeight: this.backbufferHeight
-          });
-        }
-        for (let row = 0; row < height; row += 1) {
-          const sourceOffset = ((y + row) * this.backbufferWidth + x) * 4;
-          const destOffset = row * width * 4;
-          output.set(this.backbufferPixels.subarray(sourceOffset, sourceOffset + width * 4), destOffset);
-        }
-        return output;
-      }
-      const bytes = rgbaBytes(this.clearColor);
-      for (let i = 0; i < output.length; i += 4) output.set(bytes, i);
-      return output;
-    }
-    if (x + width > target.width || y + height > target.height) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Readback rectangle exceeds render target bounds", "READBACK_OUT_OF_BOUNDS", { x, y, width, height });
-    }
-    for (let row = 0; row < height; row += 1) {
-      const sourceOffset = ((y + row) * target.width + x) * 4;
-      const destOffset = row * width * 4;
-      output.set(target.colorPixels.subarray(sourceOffset, sourceOffset + width * 4), destOffset);
-    }
-    return output;
-  }
-
-  readFloatPixels(x: number, y: number, width: number, height: number): Float32Array {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    if (![x, y, width, height].every(Number.isInteger) || x < 0 || y < 0 || width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Float readback rectangle must be positive and in bounds", "INVALID_READBACK_RECT", { x, y, width, height });
-    }
-    const output = new Float32Array(width * height * 4);
-    const target = this.activeRenderTarget;
-    if (!target) {
-      if (this.backbufferPixels) {
-        if (x + width > this.backbufferWidth || y + height > this.backbufferHeight) {
-          throw new RenderDeviceError("Float readback rectangle exceeds backbuffer bounds", "READBACK_OUT_OF_BOUNDS", {
-            x,
-            y,
-            width,
-            height,
-            boundsWidth: this.backbufferWidth,
-            boundsHeight: this.backbufferHeight
-          });
-        }
-        for (let row = 0; row < height; row += 1) {
-          const sourceOffset = ((y + row) * this.backbufferWidth + x) * 4;
-          const destOffset = row * width * 4;
-          for (let column = 0; column < width * 4; column += 1) {
-            output[destOffset + column] = (this.backbufferPixels[sourceOffset + column] ?? 0) / 255;
-          }
-        }
-        return output;
-      }
-      for (let index = 0; index < output.length; index += 4) {
-        output[index] = this.clearColor[0];
-        output[index + 1] = this.clearColor[1];
-        output[index + 2] = this.clearColor[2];
-        output[index + 3] = this.clearColor[3];
-      }
-      return output;
-    }
-    if (x + width > target.width || y + height > target.height) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Float readback rectangle exceeds render target bounds", "READBACK_OUT_OF_BOUNDS", { x, y, width, height });
-    }
-    if (target.colorFloatPixels) {
-      for (let row = 0; row < height; row += 1) {
-        const sourceOffset = ((y + row) * target.width + x) * 4;
-        const destOffset = row * width * 4;
-        output.set(target.colorFloatPixels.subarray(sourceOffset, sourceOffset + width * 4), destOffset);
-      }
-      return output;
-    }
-    const bytes = this.readPixels(x, y, width, height);
-    for (let index = 0; index < bytes.length; index += 1) output[index] = bytes[index]! / 255;
-    return output;
-  }
-
-  readDepthPixels(x: number, y: number, width: number, height: number): Float32Array {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    if (![x, y, width, height].every(Number.isInteger) || x < 0 || y < 0 || width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Depth readback rectangle must be positive and in bounds", "INVALID_READBACK_RECT", { x, y, width, height });
-    }
-    const target = this.activeRenderTarget;
-    if (!target || !target.depthPixels) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Depth readback requires an active render target with a sampleable depth texture.", "DEPTH_READBACK_UNAVAILABLE");
-    }
-    if (x + width > target.width || y + height > target.height) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Depth readback rectangle exceeds render target bounds", "READBACK_OUT_OF_BOUNDS", { x, y, width, height });
-    }
-    const output = new Float32Array(width * height);
-    for (let row = 0; row < height; row += 1) {
-      const sourceOffset = (y + row) * target.width + x;
-      const destOffset = row * width;
-      output.set(target.depthPixels.subarray(sourceOffset, sourceOffset + width), destOffset);
-    }
-    return output;
-  }
-
-  beginFrame(width: number, height: number): void {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    if (this.frameActive) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Frame is already active", "FRAME_ALREADY_ACTIVE");
-    }
-    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Frame dimensions must be positive", "INVALID_FRAME_SIZE", { width, height });
-    }
-    this.frameActive = true;
-    this.viewportWidth = width;
-    this.viewportHeight = height;
-    this.drawCommands.length = 0;
-  }
-
-  clear(color: readonly [number, number, number, number]): void {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    this.assertFrame();
-    this.clearColor = color;
-    if (this.activeRenderTarget) {
-      const bytes = rgbaBytes(color);
-      for (let i = 0; i < this.activeRenderTarget.colorPixels.length; i += 4) {
-        this.activeRenderTarget.colorPixels.set(bytes, i);
-      }
-      if (this.activeRenderTarget.colorFloatPixels) {
-        for (let i = 0; i < this.activeRenderTarget.colorFloatPixels.length; i += 4) {
-          this.activeRenderTarget.colorFloatPixels[i] = color[0];
-          this.activeRenderTarget.colorFloatPixels[i + 1] = color[1];
-          this.activeRenderTarget.colorFloatPixels[i + 2] = color[2];
-          this.activeRenderTarget.colorFloatPixels[i + 3] = color[3];
-        }
-      }
-      this.activeRenderTarget.depthPixels?.fill(1);
-    }
-  }
-
-  clearRenderTarget(color: readonly [number, number, number, number]): void {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    this.assertFrame();
-    const previous = this.clearColor;
-    this.clear(color);
-    this.clearColor = previous;
-  }
-
-  draw(command: DrawCommand): void {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    this.assertFrame();
-    if (command.vertexBuffer.disposed) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Cannot draw with a disposed vertex buffer", "DISPOSED_RESOURCE", {
-        bufferId: command.vertexBuffer.id
-      });
-    }
-    if (command.indexBuffer?.disposed) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Cannot draw with a disposed index buffer", "DISPOSED_RESOURCE", {
-        bufferId: command.indexBuffer.id
-      });
-    }
-    for (const attribute of command.instanceAttributes ?? []) {
-      if (attribute.buffer.disposed) {
-        throw new RenderDeviceError("Cannot draw with a disposed instance attribute buffer", "DISPOSED_RESOURCE", {
-          bufferId: attribute.buffer.id,
-          attribute: attribute.shaderName
-        });
-      }
-      validateInstanceVertexAttribute(attribute);
-    }
-    if (command.vertexCount <= 0) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Draw command must have a positive vertex count", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND", {
-        vertexCount: command.vertexCount,
-        label: command.label
-      });
-    }
-    if (command.firstVertex !== undefined && (!Number.isInteger(command.firstVertex) || command.firstVertex < 0)) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Draw command firstVertex must be a non-negative integer", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND", {
-        firstVertex: command.firstVertex,
-        label: command.label
-      });
-    }
-    if (command.indexBuffer && (command.indexCount === undefined || command.indexCount <= 0)) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Indexed draw command must have a positive index count", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND", {
-        indexCount: command.indexCount,
-        label: command.label
-      });
-    }
-    if (command.firstIndex !== undefined && (!Number.isInteger(command.firstIndex) || command.firstIndex < 0)) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Draw command firstIndex must be a non-negative integer", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND", {
-        firstIndex: command.firstIndex,
-        label: command.label
-      });
-    }
-    if (command.instanceCount !== undefined && (!Number.isInteger(command.instanceCount) || command.instanceCount <= 0)) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Draw command instanceCount must be a positive integer", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND", {
-        instanceCount: command.instanceCount,
-        label: command.label
-      });
-    }
-    this.drawCommands.push(command);
-  }
-
-  endFrame(): void {
-    this.assertAlive();
-    this.assertFrame();
-    this.frameActive = false;
-  }
-
-  captureState(): ReadonlyMap<string, string | number | boolean | null> {
-    return new Map<string, string | number | boolean | null>([
-      ["backend", this.kind],
-      ["disposed", this.disposed],
-      ["contextLost", this.contextLost],
-      ["frameActive", this.frameActive],
-      ["viewportWidth", this.viewportWidth],
-      ["viewportHeight", this.viewportHeight],
-      ["clearR", this.clearColor[0]],
-      ["clearG", this.clearColor[1]],
-      ["clearB", this.clearColor[2]],
-      ["clearA", this.clearColor[3]],
-      ["drawCalls", this.drawCommands.length]
-    ]);
-  }
-
-  getDiagnostics(): RenderDeviceDiagnostics {
-    const liveRenderTargets = [...this.renderTargets].filter((target) => !target.disposed);
-    const liveTextures = liveRenderTargets.flatMap((target) => target.depthTexture ? [target.colorTexture, target.depthTexture] : [target.colorTexture]);
-    const bufferBytes = [...this.buffers].filter((buffer) => !buffer.disposed).reduce((total, buffer) => total + buffer.byteLength, 0);
-    const textureBytes = liveTextures.reduce((total, texture) => total + texture.byteLength, 0);
-    return {
-      drawCalls: this.drawCommands.length,
-      buffers: [...this.buffers].filter((buffer) => !buffer.disposed).length,
-      shaders: [...this.shaders].filter((shader) => !shader.disposed).length,
-      renderTargets: liveRenderTargets.length,
-      textures: liveTextures.length,
-      bufferBytes,
-      textureBytes,
-      approximateGpuMemoryBytes: bufferBytes + textureBytes,
-      compressedTextures: liveTextures.filter((texture) => texture.format !== "rgba8" && texture.format !== "depth24").length,
-      compressedTextureBytes: liveTextures
-        .filter((texture) => texture.format !== "rgba8" && texture.format !== "depth24")
-        .reduce((total, texture) => total + texture.byteLength, 0),
-      textureFallbacks: 0,
-      textureFallbackBytes: 0,
-      disposedBuffers: [...this.buffers].filter((buffer) => buffer.disposed).length,
-      disposedShaders: [...this.shaders].filter((shader) => shader.disposed).length,
-      disposedRenderTargets: [...this.renderTargets].filter((target) => target.disposed).length,
-      disposedTextures: [...this.renderTargets].reduce((total, target) => total + (target.colorTexture.disposed ? 1 : 0) + (target.depthTexture?.disposed ? 1 : 0), 0),
-      lastError: this.lastError,
-      contextLost: this.contextLost
-    };
-  }
-
-  dispose(): void {
-    for (const buffer of this.buffers) {
-      buffer.dispose();
-    }
-    for (const shader of this.shaders) {
-      shader.dispose();
-    }
-    for (const target of this.renderTargets) {
-      target.dispose();
-    }
-    this.frameActive = false;
-    this.disposed = true;
-  }
-
-  private assertAlive(): void {
-    if (this.disposed) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Render device is disposed", "DISPOSED_DEVICE");
-    }
-    if (this.contextLost) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Render context is lost", "CONTEXT_LOST");
-    }
-  }
-
-  private assertFrame(): void {
-    if (!this.frameActive) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("No active frame", "NO_ACTIVE_FRAME");
-    }
-  }
-
-  private requireMockBuffer(buffer: RenderBuffer): MockRenderBuffer {
-    if (!(buffer instanceof MockRenderBuffer) || !this.buffers.has(buffer)) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Buffer was not created by this device", "FOREIGN_RESOURCE", { bufferId: buffer.id });
-    }
-    return buffer;
-  }
-
-  private requireMockRenderTarget(target: RenderTarget): MockRenderTarget {
-    if (!(target instanceof MockRenderTarget) || !this.renderTargets.has(target) || target.disposed) {
-      throw new RenderDeviceError("Render target is not a live resource owned by this device", "INVALID_RESOURCE", {
-        targetId: target.id
-      });
-    }
-    return target;
-  }
-}
-
-function validateInstanceVertexAttribute(attribute: InstanceVertexAttribute): void {
-  if (!attribute.shaderName || typeof attribute.shaderName !== "string") {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Instance vertex attribute shaderName must be a non-empty string", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND");
-  }
-  if (![1, 2, 3, 4].includes(attribute.components)) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Instance vertex attribute components must be 1, 2, 3, or 4", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND", {
-      attribute: attribute.shaderName,
-      components: attribute.components
-    });
-  }
-  if (!Number.isInteger(attribute.offset) || attribute.offset < 0 || attribute.offset % 4 !== 0) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Instance vertex attribute offset must be non-negative and 4-byte aligned", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND", {
-      attribute: attribute.shaderName,
-      offset: attribute.offset
-    });
-  }
-  if (!Number.isInteger(attribute.stride) || attribute.stride <= 0 || attribute.stride % 4 !== 0) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Instance vertex attribute stride must be positive and 4-byte aligned", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND", {
-      attribute: attribute.shaderName,
-      stride: attribute.stride
-    });
-  }
-  if (attribute.offset + attribute.components * 4 > attribute.stride) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Instance vertex attribute range must fit inside its stride", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND", {
-      attribute: attribute.shaderName,
-      offset: attribute.offset,
-      components: attribute.components,
-      stride: attribute.stride
-    });
-  }
-  const divisor = attribute.divisor ?? 1;
-  if (!Number.isInteger(divisor) || divisor <= 0) {
-    throw new RenderDeviceError("Instance vertex attribute divisor must be a positive integer", "INVALID_DRAW_COMMAND", {
-      attribute: attribute.shaderName,
-      divisor
-    });
-  }
-}
-
-export function viewBytes(view: ArrayBufferView): Uint8Array {
-  return new Uint8Array(view.buffer, view.byteOffset, view.byteLength);
-}
-
-function rgbaBytes(color: readonly [number, number, number, number]): Uint8Array {
-  return new Uint8Array(color.map((channel) => Math.round(Math.max(0, Math.min(1, channel)) * 255)));
-}