@bloomengine/engine 0.3.3 → 0.4.1

package/native/third_party/JoltPhysics/Jolt/Physics/Constraints/ConstraintPart/IndependentAxisConstraintPart.h

@@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
-// Jolt Physics Library (https://github.com/jrouwe/JoltPhysics)
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Jorrit Rouwe
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <Jolt/Physics/Body/Body.h>
-#include <Jolt/Physics/StateRecorder.h>
-
-JPH_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-
-/// Constraint part to an AxisConstraintPart but both bodies have an independent axis on which the force is applied.
-///
-/// Constraint equation:
-///
-/// \f[C = (x_1 + r_1 - f_1) . n_1 + r (x_2 + r_2 - f_2) \cdot n_2\f]
-///
-/// Calculating the Jacobian:
-///
-/// \f[dC/dt = (v_1 + w_1 \times r_1) \cdot n_1 + (x_1 + r_1 - f_1) \cdot d n_1/dt + r (v_2 + w_2 \times r_2) \cdot n_2 + r (x_2 + r_2 - f_2) \cdot d n_2/dt\f]
-///
-/// Assuming that d n1/dt and d n2/dt are small this becomes:
-///
-/// \f[(v_1 + w_1 \times r_1) \cdot n_1 + r (v_2 + w_2 \times r_2) \cdot n_2\f]
-/// \f[= v_1 \cdot n_1 + r_1 \times n_1 \cdot w_1 + r v_2 \cdot n_2 + r r_2 \times n_2 \cdot w_2\f]
-///
-/// Jacobian:
-///
-/// \f[J = \begin{bmatrix}n_1 & r_1 \times n_1 & r n_2 & r r_2 \times n_2\end{bmatrix}\f]
-///
-/// Effective mass:
-///
-/// \f[K = m_1^{-1} + r_1 \times n_1 I_1^{-1} r_1 \times n_1 + r^2 m_2^{-1} + r^2 r_2 \times n_2 I_2^{-1} r_2 \times n_2\f]
-///
-/// Used terms (here and below, everything in world space):\n
-/// n1 = (x1 + r1 - f1) / |x1 + r1 - f1|, axis along which the force is applied for body 1\n
-/// n2 = (x2 + r2 - f2) / |x2 + r2 - f2|, axis along which the force is applied for body 2\n
-/// r = ratio how forces are applied between bodies.\n
-/// x1, x2 = center of mass for the bodies.\n
-/// v = [v1, w1, v2, w2].\n
-/// v1, v2 = linear velocity of body 1 and 2.\n
-/// w1, w2 = angular velocity of body 1 and 2.\n
-/// M = mass matrix, a diagonal matrix of the mass and inertia with diagonal [m1, I1, m2, I2].\n
-/// \f$K^{-1} = \left( J M^{-1} J^T \right)^{-1}\f$ = effective mass.\n
-/// b = velocity bias.\n
-/// \f$\beta\f$ = baumgarte constant.
-class IndependentAxisConstraintPart
-{
-	/// Internal helper function to update velocities of bodies after Lagrange multiplier is calculated
-	JPH_INLINE bool				ApplyVelocityStep(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2, Vec3Arg inN1, Vec3Arg inN2, float inRatio, float inLambda) const
-	{
-		// Apply impulse if delta is not zero
-		if (inLambda != 0.0f)
-		{
-			// Calculate velocity change due to constraint
-			//
-			// Impulse:
-			// P = J^T lambda
-			//
-			// Euler velocity integration:
-			// v' = v + M^-1 P
-			if (ioBody1.IsDynamic())
-			{
-				MotionProperties *mp1 = ioBody1.GetMotionProperties();
-				mp1->AddLinearVelocityStep((mp1->GetInverseMass() * inLambda) * inN1);
-				mp1->AddAngularVelocityStep(mInvI1_R1xN1 * inLambda);
-			}
-			if (ioBody2.IsDynamic())
-			{
-				MotionProperties *mp2 = ioBody2.GetMotionProperties();
-				mp2->AddLinearVelocityStep((inRatio * mp2->GetInverseMass() * inLambda) * inN2);
-				mp2->AddAngularVelocityStep(mInvI2_RatioR2xN2 * inLambda);
-			}
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
-public:
-	/// Calculate properties used during the functions below
-	/// @param inBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inR1 The position on which the constraint operates on body 1 relative to COM
-	/// @param inN1 The world space normal in which the constraint operates for body 1
-	/// @param inR2 The position on which the constraint operates on body 1 relative to COM
-	/// @param inN2 The world space normal in which the constraint operates for body 2
-	/// @param inRatio The ratio how forces are applied between bodies
-	inline void					CalculateConstraintProperties(const Body &inBody1, const Body &inBody2, Vec3Arg inR1, Vec3Arg inN1, Vec3Arg inR2, Vec3Arg inN2, float inRatio)
-	{
-		JPH_ASSERT(inN1.IsNormalized(1.0e-4f) && inN2.IsNormalized(1.0e-4f));
-
-		float inv_effective_mass = 0.0f;
-
-		if (!inBody1.IsStatic())
-		{
-			const MotionProperties *mp1 = inBody1.GetMotionProperties();
-
-			mR1xN1 = inR1.Cross(inN1);
-			mInvI1_R1xN1 = mp1->MultiplyWorldSpaceInverseInertiaByVector(inBody1.GetRotation(), mR1xN1);
-
-			inv_effective_mass += mp1->GetInverseMass() + mInvI1_R1xN1.Dot(mR1xN1);
-		}
-
-		if (!inBody2.IsStatic())
-		{
-			const MotionProperties *mp2 = inBody2.GetMotionProperties();
-
-			mRatioR2xN2 = inRatio * inR2.Cross(inN2);
-			mInvI2_RatioR2xN2 = mp2->MultiplyWorldSpaceInverseInertiaByVector(inBody2.GetRotation(), mRatioR2xN2);
-
-			inv_effective_mass += Square(inRatio) * mp2->GetInverseMass() + mInvI2_RatioR2xN2.Dot(mRatioR2xN2);
-		}
-
-		// Calculate inverse effective mass: K = J M^-1 J^T
-		if (inv_effective_mass == 0.0f)
-			Deactivate();
-		else
-			mEffectiveMass = 1.0f / inv_effective_mass;
-	}
-
-	/// Deactivate this constraint
-	inline void					Deactivate()
-	{
-		mEffectiveMass = 0.0f;
-		mTotalLambda = 0.0f;
-	}
-
-	/// Check if constraint is active
-	inline bool					IsActive() const
-	{
-		return mEffectiveMass != 0.0f;
-	}
-
-	/// Must be called from the WarmStartVelocityConstraint call to apply the previous frame's impulses
-	/// @param ioBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param ioBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inN1 The world space normal in which the constraint operates for body 1
-	/// @param inN2 The world space normal in which the constraint operates for body 2
-	/// @param inRatio The ratio how forces are applied between bodies
-	/// @param inWarmStartImpulseRatio Ratio of new step to old time step (dt_new / dt_old) for scaling the lagrange multiplier of the previous frame
-	inline void					WarmStart(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2, Vec3Arg inN1, Vec3Arg inN2, float inRatio, float inWarmStartImpulseRatio)
-	{
-		mTotalLambda *= inWarmStartImpulseRatio;
-		ApplyVelocityStep(ioBody1, ioBody2, inN1, inN2, inRatio, mTotalLambda);
-	}
-
-	/// Iteratively update the velocity constraint. Makes sure d/dt C(...) = 0, where C is the constraint equation.
-	/// @param ioBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param ioBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inN1 The world space normal in which the constraint operates for body 1
-	/// @param inN2 The world space normal in which the constraint operates for body 2
-	/// @param inRatio The ratio how forces are applied between bodies
-	/// @param inMinLambda Minimum angular impulse to apply (N m s)
-	/// @param inMaxLambda Maximum angular impulse to apply (N m s)
-	inline bool					SolveVelocityConstraint(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2, Vec3Arg inN1, Vec3Arg inN2, float inRatio, float inMinLambda, float inMaxLambda)
-	{
-		// Lagrange multiplier is:
-		//
-		// lambda = -K^-1 (J v + b)
-		float lambda = -mEffectiveMass * (inN1.Dot(ioBody1.GetLinearVelocity()) + mR1xN1.Dot(ioBody1.GetAngularVelocity()) + inRatio * inN2.Dot(ioBody2.GetLinearVelocity()) + mRatioR2xN2.Dot(ioBody2.GetAngularVelocity()));
-		float new_lambda = Clamp(mTotalLambda + lambda, inMinLambda, inMaxLambda); // Clamp impulse
-		lambda = new_lambda - mTotalLambda; // Lambda potentially got clamped, calculate the new impulse to apply
-		mTotalLambda = new_lambda; // Store accumulated impulse
-
-		return ApplyVelocityStep(ioBody1, ioBody2, inN1, inN2, inRatio, lambda);
-	}
-
-	/// Return lagrange multiplier
-	float						GetTotalLambda() const
-	{
-		return mTotalLambda;
-	}
-
-	/// Iteratively update the position constraint. Makes sure C(...) == 0.
-	/// @param ioBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param ioBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inN1 The world space normal in which the constraint operates for body 1
-	/// @param inN2 The world space normal in which the constraint operates for body 2
-	/// @param inRatio The ratio how forces are applied between bodies
-	/// @param inC Value of the constraint equation (C)
-	/// @param inBaumgarte Baumgarte constant (fraction of the error to correct)
-	inline bool					SolvePositionConstraint(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2, Vec3Arg inN1, Vec3Arg inN2, float inRatio, float inC, float inBaumgarte) const
-	{
-		if (inC != 0.0f)
-		{
-			// Calculate lagrange multiplier (lambda) for Baumgarte stabilization:
-			//
-			// lambda = -K^-1 * beta / dt * C
-			//
-			// We should divide by inDeltaTime, but we should multiply by inDeltaTime in the Euler step below so they're cancelled out
-			float lambda = -mEffectiveMass * inBaumgarte * inC;
-
-			// Directly integrate velocity change for one time step
-			//
-			// Euler velocity integration:
-			// dv = M^-1 P
-			//
-			// Impulse:
-			// P = J^T lambda
-			//
-			// Euler position integration:
-			// x' = x + dv * dt
-			//
-			// Note we don't accumulate velocities for the stabilization. This is using the approach described in 'Modeling and
-			// Solving Constraints' by Erin Catto presented at GDC 2007. On slide 78 it is suggested to split up the Baumgarte
-			// stabilization for positional drift so that it does not actually add to the momentum. We combine an Euler velocity
-			// integrate + a position integrate and then discard the velocity change.
-			if (ioBody1.IsDynamic())
-			{
-				ioBody1.AddPositionStep((lambda * ioBody1.GetMotionPropertiesUnchecked()->GetInverseMass()) * inN1);
-				ioBody1.AddRotationStep(lambda * mInvI1_R1xN1);
-			}
-			if (ioBody2.IsDynamic())
-			{
-				ioBody2.AddPositionStep((lambda * inRatio * ioBody2.GetMotionPropertiesUnchecked()->GetInverseMass()) * inN2);
-				ioBody2.AddRotationStep(lambda * mInvI2_RatioR2xN2);
-			}
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Save state of this constraint part
-	void						SaveState(StateRecorder &inStream) const
-	{
-		inStream.Write(mTotalLambda);
-	}
-
-	/// Restore state of this constraint part
-	void						RestoreState(StateRecorder &inStream)
-	{
-		inStream.Read(mTotalLambda);
-	}
-
-private:
-	Vec3						mR1xN1;
-	Vec3						mInvI1_R1xN1;
-	Vec3						mRatioR2xN2;
-	Vec3						mInvI2_RatioR2xN2;
-	float						mEffectiveMass = 0.0f;
-	float						mTotalLambda = 0.0f;
-};
-
-JPH_NAMESPACE_END

package/native/third_party/JoltPhysics/Jolt/Physics/Constraints/ConstraintPart/PointConstraintPart.h

@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-// Jolt Physics Library (https://github.com/jrouwe/JoltPhysics)
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Jorrit Rouwe
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <Jolt/Physics/Body/Body.h>
-#include <Jolt/Physics/StateRecorder.h>
-
-JPH_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-
-/// Constrains movement along 3 axis
-///
-/// @see "Constraints Derivation for Rigid Body Simulation in 3D" - Daniel Chappuis, section 2.2.1
-///
-/// Constraint equation (eq 45):
-///
-/// \f[C = p_2 - p_1\f]
-///
-/// Jacobian (transposed) (eq 47):
-///
-/// \f[J^T = \begin{bmatrix}-E & r1x & E & -r2x^T\end{bmatrix}
-/// = \begin{bmatrix}-E^T \\ r1x^T \\ E^T \\ -r2x^T\end{bmatrix}
-/// = \begin{bmatrix}-E \\ -r1x \\ E \\ r2x\end{bmatrix}\f]
-///
-/// Used terms (here and below, everything in world space):\n
-/// p1, p2 = constraint points.\n
-/// r1 = p1 - x1.\n
-/// r2 = p2 - x2.\n
-/// r1x = 3x3 matrix for which r1x v = r1 x v (cross product).\n
-/// x1, x2 = center of mass for the bodies.\n
-/// v = [v1, w1, v2, w2].\n
-/// v1, v2 = linear velocity of body 1 and 2.\n
-/// w1, w2 = angular velocity of body 1 and 2.\n
-/// M = mass matrix, a diagonal matrix of the mass and inertia with diagonal [m1, I1, m2, I2].\n
-/// \f$K^{-1} = \left( J M^{-1} J^T \right)^{-1}\f$ = effective mass.\n
-/// b = velocity bias.\n
-/// \f$\beta\f$ = baumgarte constant.\n
-/// E = identity matrix.
-class PointConstraintPart
-{
-	JPH_INLINE bool				ApplyVelocityStep(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2, Vec3Arg inLambda) const
-	{
-		// Apply impulse if delta is not zero
-		if (inLambda != Vec3::sZero())
-		{
-			// Calculate velocity change due to constraint
-			//
-			// Impulse:
-			// P = J^T lambda
-			//
-			// Euler velocity integration:
-			// v' = v + M^-1 P
-			if (ioBody1.IsDynamic())
-			{
-				MotionProperties *mp1 = ioBody1.GetMotionProperties();
-				mp1->SubLinearVelocityStep(mp1->GetInverseMass() * inLambda);
-				mp1->SubAngularVelocityStep(mInvI1_R1X * inLambda);
-			}
-			if (ioBody2.IsDynamic())
-			{
-				MotionProperties *mp2 = ioBody2.GetMotionProperties();
-				mp2->AddLinearVelocityStep(mp2->GetInverseMass() * inLambda);
-				mp2->AddAngularVelocityStep(mInvI2_R2X * inLambda);
-			}
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
-public:
-	/// Calculate properties used during the functions below
-	/// @param inBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inRotation1 The 3x3 rotation matrix for body 1 (translation part is ignored)
-	/// @param inRotation2 The 3x3 rotation matrix for body 2 (translation part is ignored)
-	/// @param inR1 Local space vector from center of mass to constraint point for body 1
-	/// @param inR2 Local space vector from center of mass to constraint point for body 2
-	inline void					CalculateConstraintProperties(const Body &inBody1, Mat44Arg inRotation1, Vec3Arg inR1, const Body &inBody2, Mat44Arg inRotation2, Vec3Arg inR2)
-	{
-		// Positions where the point constraint acts on (middle point between center of masses) in world space
-		mR1 = inRotation1.Multiply3x3(inR1);
-		mR2 = inRotation2.Multiply3x3(inR2);
-
-		// Calculate effective mass: K^-1 = (J M^-1 J^T)^-1
-		// Using: I^-1 = R * Ibody^-1 * R^T
-		float summed_inv_mass;
-		Mat44 inv_effective_mass;
-		if (inBody1.IsDynamic())
-		{
-			const MotionProperties *mp1 = inBody1.GetMotionProperties();
-			Mat44 inv_i1 = mp1->GetInverseInertiaForRotation(inRotation1);
-			summed_inv_mass = mp1->GetInverseMass();
-
-			Mat44 r1x = Mat44::sCrossProduct(mR1);
-			mInvI1_R1X = inv_i1.Multiply3x3(r1x);
-			inv_effective_mass = r1x.Multiply3x3(inv_i1).Multiply3x3RightTransposed(r1x);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			JPH_IF_DEBUG(mInvI1_R1X = Mat44::sNaN();)
-
-			summed_inv_mass = 0.0f;
-			inv_effective_mass = Mat44::sZero();
-		}
-
-		if (inBody2.IsDynamic())
-		{
-			const MotionProperties *mp2 = inBody2.GetMotionProperties();
-			Mat44 inv_i2 = mp2->GetInverseInertiaForRotation(inRotation2);
-			summed_inv_mass += mp2->GetInverseMass();
-
-			Mat44 r2x = Mat44::sCrossProduct(mR2);
-			mInvI2_R2X = inv_i2.Multiply3x3(r2x);
-			inv_effective_mass += r2x.Multiply3x3(inv_i2).Multiply3x3RightTransposed(r2x);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			JPH_IF_DEBUG(mInvI2_R2X = Mat44::sNaN();)
-		}
-
-		inv_effective_mass += Mat44::sScale(summed_inv_mass);
-		if (!mEffectiveMass.SetInversed3x3(inv_effective_mass))
-			Deactivate();
-	}
-
-	/// Deactivate this constraint
-	inline void					Deactivate()
-	{
-		mEffectiveMass = Mat44::sZero();
-		mTotalLambda = Vec3::sZero();
-	}
-
-	/// Check if constraint is active
-	inline bool					IsActive() const
-	{
-		return mEffectiveMass(3, 3) != 0.0f;
-	}
-
-	/// Must be called from the WarmStartVelocityConstraint call to apply the previous frame's impulses
-	/// @param ioBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param ioBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inWarmStartImpulseRatio Ratio of new step to old time step (dt_new / dt_old) for scaling the lagrange multiplier of the previous frame
-	inline void					WarmStart(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2, float inWarmStartImpulseRatio)
-	{
-		mTotalLambda *= inWarmStartImpulseRatio;
-		ApplyVelocityStep(ioBody1, ioBody2, mTotalLambda);
-	}
-
-	/// Iteratively update the velocity constraint. Makes sure d/dt C(...) = 0, where C is the constraint equation.
-	/// @param ioBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param ioBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	inline bool					SolveVelocityConstraint(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2)
-	{
-		// Calculate lagrange multiplier:
-		//
-		// lambda = -K^-1 (J v + b)
-		Vec3 lambda = mEffectiveMass * (ioBody1.GetLinearVelocity() - mR1.Cross(ioBody1.GetAngularVelocity()) - ioBody2.GetLinearVelocity() + mR2.Cross(ioBody2.GetAngularVelocity()));
-		mTotalLambda += lambda; // Store accumulated lambda
-		return ApplyVelocityStep(ioBody1, ioBody2, lambda);
-	}
-
-	/// Iteratively update the position constraint. Makes sure C(...) = 0.
-	/// @param ioBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param ioBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inBaumgarte Baumgarte constant (fraction of the error to correct)
-	inline bool					SolvePositionConstraint(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2, float inBaumgarte) const
-	{
-		Vec3 separation = (Vec3(ioBody2.GetCenterOfMassPosition() - ioBody1.GetCenterOfMassPosition()) + mR2 - mR1);
-		if (separation != Vec3::sZero())
-		{
-			// Calculate lagrange multiplier (lambda) for Baumgarte stabilization:
-			//
-			// lambda = -K^-1 * beta / dt * C
-			//
-			// We should divide by inDeltaTime, but we should multiply by inDeltaTime in the Euler step below so they're cancelled out
-			Vec3 lambda = mEffectiveMass * -inBaumgarte * separation;
-
-			// Directly integrate velocity change for one time step
-			//
-			// Euler velocity integration:
-			// dv = M^-1 P
-			//
-			// Impulse:
-			// P = J^T lambda
-			//
-			// Euler position integration:
-			// x' = x + dv * dt
-			//
-			// Note we don't accumulate velocities for the stabilization. This is using the approach described in 'Modeling and
-			// Solving Constraints' by Erin Catto presented at GDC 2007. On slide 78 it is suggested to split up the Baumgarte
-			// stabilization for positional drift so that it does not actually add to the momentum. We combine an Euler velocity
-			// integrate + a position integrate and then discard the velocity change.
-			if (ioBody1.IsDynamic())
-			{
-				ioBody1.SubPositionStep(ioBody1.GetMotionProperties()->GetInverseMass() * lambda);
-				ioBody1.SubRotationStep(mInvI1_R1X * lambda);
-			}
-			if (ioBody2.IsDynamic())
-			{
-				ioBody2.AddPositionStep(ioBody2.GetMotionProperties()->GetInverseMass() * lambda);
-				ioBody2.AddRotationStep(mInvI2_R2X * lambda);
-			}
-
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Return lagrange multiplier
-	Vec3						GetTotalLambda() const
-	{
-		return mTotalLambda;
-	}
-
-	/// Save state of this constraint part
-	void						SaveState(StateRecorder &inStream) const
-	{
-		inStream.Write(mTotalLambda);
-	}
-
-	/// Restore state of this constraint part
-	void						RestoreState(StateRecorder &inStream)
-	{
-		inStream.Read(mTotalLambda);
-	}
-
-private:
-	Vec3						mR1;
-	Vec3						mR2;
-	Mat44						mInvI1_R1X;
-	Mat44						mInvI2_R2X;
-	Mat44						mEffectiveMass;
-	Vec3						mTotalLambda { Vec3::sZero() };
-};
-
-JPH_NAMESPACE_END

package/native/third_party/JoltPhysics/Jolt/Physics/Constraints/ConstraintPart/RackAndPinionConstraintPart.h

@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-// Jolt Physics Library (https://github.com/jrouwe/JoltPhysics)
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Jorrit Rouwe
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <Jolt/Physics/Body/Body.h>
-#include <Jolt/Physics/StateRecorder.h>
-
-JPH_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-
-/// Constraint that constrains a rotation to a translation
-///
-/// Constraint equation:
-///
-/// C = Theta(t) - r d(t)
-///
-/// Derivative:
-///
-/// d/dt C = 0
-/// <=> w1 . a - r v2 . b = 0
-///
-/// Jacobian:
-///
-/// \f[J = \begin{bmatrix}0 & a^T & -r b^T & 0\end{bmatrix}\f]
-///
-/// Used terms (here and below, everything in world space):\n
-/// a = axis around which body 1 rotates (normalized).\n
-/// b = axis along which body 2 slides (normalized).\n
-/// Theta(t) = rotation around a of body 1.\n
-/// d(t) = distance body 2 slides.\n
-/// r = ratio between rotation and translation.\n
-/// v = [v1, w1, v2, w2].\n
-/// v1, v2 = linear velocity of body 1 and 2.\n
-/// w1, w2 = angular velocity of body 1 and 2.\n
-/// M = mass matrix, a diagonal matrix of the mass and inertia with diagonal [m1, I1, m2, I2].\n
-/// \f$K^{-1} = \left( J M^{-1} J^T \right)^{-1}\f$ = effective mass.\n
-/// \f$\beta\f$ = baumgarte constant.
-class RackAndPinionConstraintPart
-{
-	/// Internal helper function to update velocities of bodies after Lagrange multiplier is calculated
-	JPH_INLINE bool				ApplyVelocityStep(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2, float inLambda) const
-	{
-		// Apply impulse if delta is not zero
-		if (inLambda != 0.0f)
-		{
-			// Calculate velocity change due to constraint
-			//
-			// Impulse:
-			// P = J^T lambda
-			//
-			// Euler velocity integration:
-			// v' = v + M^-1 P
-			ioBody1.GetMotionProperties()->AddAngularVelocityStep(inLambda * mInvI1_A);
-			ioBody2.GetMotionProperties()->SubLinearVelocityStep(inLambda * mRatio_InvM2_B);
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
-public:
-	/// Calculate properties used during the functions below
-	/// @param inBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inWorldSpaceHingeAxis The axis around which body 1 rotates
-	/// @param inWorldSpaceSliderAxis The axis along which body 2 slides
-	/// @param inRatio The ratio between rotation and translation
-	inline void					CalculateConstraintProperties(const Body &inBody1, Vec3Arg inWorldSpaceHingeAxis, const Body &inBody2, Vec3Arg inWorldSpaceSliderAxis, float inRatio)
-	{
-		JPH_ASSERT(inWorldSpaceHingeAxis.IsNormalized(1.0e-4f));
-		JPH_ASSERT(inWorldSpaceSliderAxis.IsNormalized(1.0e-4f));
-
-		// Calculate: I1^-1 a
-		mInvI1_A = inBody1.GetMotionProperties()->MultiplyWorldSpaceInverseInertiaByVector(inBody1.GetRotation(), inWorldSpaceHingeAxis);
-
-		// Calculate: r/m2 b
-		float inv_m2 = inBody2.GetMotionProperties()->GetInverseMass();
-		mRatio_InvM2_B = inRatio * inv_m2 * inWorldSpaceSliderAxis;
-
-		// K^-1 = 1 / (J M^-1 J^T) = 1 / (a^T I1^-1 a + 1/m2 * r^2 * b . b)
-		float inv_effective_mass = (inWorldSpaceHingeAxis.Dot(mInvI1_A) + inv_m2 * Square(inRatio));
-		if (inv_effective_mass == 0.0f)
-			Deactivate();
-		else
-			mEffectiveMass = 1.0f / inv_effective_mass;
-	}
-
-	/// Deactivate this constraint
-	inline void					Deactivate()
-	{
-		mEffectiveMass = 0.0f;
-		mTotalLambda = 0.0f;
-	}
-
-	/// Check if constraint is active
-	inline bool					IsActive() const
-	{
-		return mEffectiveMass != 0.0f;
-	}
-
-	/// Must be called from the WarmStartVelocityConstraint call to apply the previous frame's impulses
-	/// @param ioBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param ioBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inWarmStartImpulseRatio Ratio of new step to old time step (dt_new / dt_old) for scaling the lagrange multiplier of the previous frame
-	inline void					WarmStart(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2, float inWarmStartImpulseRatio)
-	{
-		mTotalLambda *= inWarmStartImpulseRatio;
-		ApplyVelocityStep(ioBody1, ioBody2, mTotalLambda);
-	}
-
-	/// Iteratively update the velocity constraint. Makes sure d/dt C(...) = 0, where C is the constraint equation.
-	/// @param ioBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param ioBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inWorldSpaceHingeAxis The axis around which body 1 rotates
-	/// @param inWorldSpaceSliderAxis The axis along which body 2 slides
-	/// @param inRatio The ratio between rotation and translation
-	inline bool					SolveVelocityConstraint(Body &ioBody1, Vec3Arg inWorldSpaceHingeAxis, Body &ioBody2, Vec3Arg inWorldSpaceSliderAxis, float inRatio)
-	{
-		// Lagrange multiplier is:
-		//
-		// lambda = -K^-1 (J v + b)
-		float lambda = mEffectiveMass * (inRatio * inWorldSpaceSliderAxis.Dot(ioBody2.GetLinearVelocity()) - inWorldSpaceHingeAxis.Dot(ioBody1.GetAngularVelocity()));
-		mTotalLambda += lambda; // Store accumulated impulse
-
-		return ApplyVelocityStep(ioBody1, ioBody2, lambda);
-	}
-
-	/// Return lagrange multiplier
-	float						GetTotalLambda() const
-	{
-		return mTotalLambda;
-	}
-
-	/// Iteratively update the position constraint. Makes sure C(...) == 0.
-	/// @param ioBody1 The first body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param ioBody2 The second body that this constraint is attached to
-	/// @param inC Value of the constraint equation (C)
-	/// @param inBaumgarte Baumgarte constant (fraction of the error to correct)
-	inline bool					SolvePositionConstraint(Body &ioBody1, Body &ioBody2, float inC, float inBaumgarte) const
-	{
-		// Only apply position constraint when the constraint is hard, otherwise the velocity bias will fix the constraint
-		if (inC != 0.0f)
-		{
-			// Calculate lagrange multiplier (lambda) for Baumgarte stabilization:
-			//
-			// lambda = -K^-1 * beta / dt * C
-			//
-			// We should divide by inDeltaTime, but we should multiply by inDeltaTime in the Euler step below so they're cancelled out
-			float lambda = -mEffectiveMass * inBaumgarte * inC;
-
-			// Directly integrate velocity change for one time step
-			//
-			// Euler velocity integration:
-			// dv = M^-1 P
-			//
-			// Impulse:
-			// P = J^T lambda
-			//
-			// Euler position integration:
-			// x' = x + dv * dt
-			//
-			// Note we don't accumulate velocities for the stabilization. This is using the approach described in 'Modeling and
-			// Solving Constraints' by Erin Catto presented at GDC 2007. On slide 78 it is suggested to split up the Baumgarte
-			// stabilization for positional drift so that it does not actually add to the momentum. We combine an Euler velocity
-			// integrate + a position integrate and then discard the velocity change.
-			if (ioBody1.IsDynamic())
-				ioBody1.AddRotationStep(lambda * mInvI1_A);
-			if (ioBody2.IsDynamic())
-				ioBody2.SubPositionStep(lambda * mRatio_InvM2_B);
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Save state of this constraint part
-	void						SaveState(StateRecorder &inStream) const
-	{
-		inStream.Write(mTotalLambda);
-	}
-
-	/// Restore state of this constraint part
-	void						RestoreState(StateRecorder &inStream)
-	{
-		inStream.Read(mTotalLambda);
-	}
-
-private:
-	Vec3						mInvI1_A;
-	Vec3						mRatio_InvM2_B;
-	float						mEffectiveMass = 0.0f;
-	float						mTotalLambda = 0.0f;
-};
-
-JPH_NAMESPACE_END