interscript-maps 2.0.5

data/maps/bgnpcgn-nep-Deva-Latn-2011.imp

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+metadata {
+  authority_id: bgnpcgn
+  id: 2020
+  language: iso-639-2:nep
+  source_script: Deva
+  destination_script: Latn
+  name: Nepali Romanization, 2020
+  url: https://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/Romanization/ROMANIZATION%20OF%20NEPALI.pdf
+  creation_date: 1964
+  description: |
+    BGN/PCGN 2011 Agreement Romanization of Nepali
+    The BGN and the PCGN have adopted the Nepal Survey Department (NSD) system for the
+    romanization of Nepali names.  This system, below, should be applied to Nepali names for which Roman‐
+    script spellings in materials produced by the government of Nepal are not available.
+
+  notes:
+
+    - Only the isolated forms of the characters are given in the consonant table.  See any grammar of Nepali
+      (or other language using the Devanagari alphabet) for variant forms used in conjunct characters.
+    - These two consonant characters appear sometimes to represent ṛ (cerebral r), e.g., पहाड  →  pahāṛ
+      instead of pahāḍ.  At one time they were written with dots below, i.e., as ड़ and ढ़, though this is no
+      longer normal practice in Nepali.    The romanizations ṛ and ṛh, respectively, are optional for
+      documentary purposes if such dots appear in Nepali writing.
+    -  व , can be romanized as either v or w.    This character is primarily
+      romanized as v in consonant initial, medial, and final position; however, initial, medial, and final w
+      romanizations can occur. The w romanization is a special case which is believed to be dependent on
+      dialect, pronunciation, or stress.
+    - |
+      An inventory of letter‐diacritic combinations, with their Unicode encoding, in addition to the unmodified letters of the basic Roman script is:
+        Ṅ(U+1E44)  ṅ (U+1E45)
+        Ñ (U+00D1) ñ (U+00F1)
+        Ṭ (1E6C)   ṭ (1E6D)
+        Ḍ (1E0C)   ḍ (1E0D)
+        Ṇ (1E46)   ṇ (1E47)
+        Ṣ (1E62)   ṣ (1E63)
+        Ā (U+0100) ā (U+0101)
+        Ī (U+012A) ī (U+012B)
+        Ū (U+016A) ū (U+016B)
+        Ṛ (1E5A)   ṛ (1E5B)
+
+    - The Romanization column shows only lowercase forms but, when romanizing, uppercase and lowercase
+      Roman letters as appropriate should be used.
+
+    - |
+      ं (anusvara) is rendered by
+      ṅ before क, ख, ग, and घ
+      ñ before च, छ, ज, and झ
+      ṇ before ट, ठ, ड, and ढ
+      n before त, थ, द, and ध
+      ṁ before य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स and ह
+}
+
+tests {
+  test "लेखन", "lekhn"
+  test "मुद्रा", "mudarā"
+  test "प्रशंसा", "parshṃsā" # note 5 rule checking
+  test "अंक", "aṅk" # note 5 rule checking
+  test "नेकपाले स्थगित स्थायी कमिटीको बैठक भदौ गते बोलाउने भएको", "nekpāle sathgit sathāyī kmiṭīko baiṭhk bhdau gte bolāune bheko"
+  test "न घर रह्यो, न परिवार", "n ghr rhayo, n privār"
+  test "ढोरपाटनमा भुजीखोला बाढीपहिरोले अभिभावक गुमाएका बालबालिकाको बिचल्ली", "ḍhorpāṭnmā bhujīkholā bāḍhīphirole abhibhāvk gumāekā bālbālikāko bichlalī"
+  test "सुस्मिताका काका हेमबहादुर र काकीलाई पनि पहिरोले बगायो", "susamitākā kākā hembhādur r kākīlāī pni phirole bgāyo"
+  test "संविधान जारी भएसँगै सार्वजनिक प्रशासनमा नयाँ उत्साह आउने अपेक्षा थियो", "sṃvidhān jārī bhes~gai sāravjnik parshāsnmā nyā~ utasāh āune apekṣā thiyo"
+  test "देशमा कोरोना संक्रमित र मृतकको संख्या हरेक दिन बढ्दो छ", "deshmā koronā sṅkarmit r mṛitkko sṅkhayā hrek din bḍhado chh"
+  test "गाउँपालिकाका अध्यक्ष टिका गुरुङका अनुसार विष्णुदासलाई राजुले सुत्नका लागि बेलुका साथी लगेका थिए", "gāu~pālikākā adhaykṣ ṭikā guruṅkā anusār viṣaṇudāslāī rājule sutankā lāgi belukā sāthī lgekā thie"
+  test "यो आयोजना गाउँपालिकाको केन्द्र तेल्लोकमा पर्छ", "yo āyojnā gāu~pālikāko kenadar telalokmā prachh"
+  test "सुस्मिताका काका हेमबहादुर र काकीलाई पनि पहिरोले बगायो", "susamitākā kākā hembhādur r kākīlāī pni phirole bgāyo"
+  test "चैत पहिलो साता घर आएका उनी लकडाउन भएपछि यतै रोकिए", "chait philo sātā ghr āekā unī lkḍāun bhepchhi ytai rokie"
+  test "काम गर्न जानेको हकमा रोजगारदाता कम्पनीको पत्रसँगै वडा र जिल्ला प्रशासनको सिफारिस अनिवार्य गरिएको छ", "kām gran jāneko hkmā rojgārdātā kmapnīko ptrs~gai vḍā r jilalā parshāsnko siphāris anivāray grieko chh"
+  test "दुःख", "duḥkh"
+  test "निकुञ्जको स्थानीय पोस्टका कर्मचारी पनि त्यहीँ थिए", "nikuñajko sathānīy posaṭkā kramchārī pni tayhī~ thie"
+  test "युद्धकालको मनोविज्ञान", "yudadhkālko mnovijñān"
+  test "जर्मन वायुसेवाको आक्रमणमा दुई लाख पचास हजार मानिसको ज्यान जानसक्ने र करिब ३० देखि ४० लाख मान्छे विस्थापित हुने अनुमान बेलायत सरकारको थियो", "jramn vāyusevāko ākarmṇmā duī lākh pchās hjār mānisko jayān jānskane r krib 30 dekhi 40 lākh mānachhe visathāpit hune anumān belāyt srkārko thiyo"
+  test "युद्ध", "yudadh"
+  test "कोरोनासँग जम्काभेट", "koronās~g jmakābheṭ"
+  test "संक्रमित", "sṅkarmit"
+  test "स्वयम्", "savyma"
+  test "संख्या", "sṅkhayā"
+  test "गौरीटारस्थित रंगशाला", "gaurīṭārsathit rṅgshālā"
+}
+
+stage {
+
+  # RULES
+  # note[5]
+  sub "\u0902", "ṅ", after: any("कखगघ") # ं  before क, ख, ग, and घ
+  sub "\u0902", "ñ", after: any("चछजझ") # ं  before च, छ, ज, and झ
+  sub "\u0902", "ṇ", after: any("टठडढ") # ं  before ट, ठ, ड, and ढ
+  sub "\u0902", "n", after: any("तथदध") # ं  before त, थ, द, and ध
+
+
+  # CHARACTERS
+  parallel {
+
+    # Vowels and Diphthongs
+
+    sub "अ", "a"
+    sub "आ", "ā"
+    sub "इ", "i"
+    sub "ई", "ī"
+    sub "उ", "u"
+    sub "ऊ", "ū"
+    sub "ऋ", "ṛi"
+    sub "ॠ", "rī"
+    sub "ए", "e"
+    sub "ऐ", "ai"
+    sub "ओ", "o"
+    sub "औ", "au"
+
+    # Medials # Needed for connecting constants
+
+    sub "ा", "ā"
+    sub "ि", "i"
+    sub "ी", "ī"
+    sub "ु", "u"
+    sub "ू", "ū"
+    sub "ृ", "ṛi"
+    sub "ॄ", "rī"
+    sub "े", "e"
+    sub "ै", "ai"
+    sub "ो", "o"
+    sub "ौ", "au"
+
+
+    # Consonants (see Note 1)
+
+    # Gutturals
+    sub "क", "k"
+    sub "ख", "kh"
+    sub "ग", "g"
+    sub "घ", "gh"
+    sub "ङ", "ṅ"
+
+    # Palatals
+    sub "च", "ch"
+    sub "छ", "chh"
+    sub "ज", "j"
+    sub "झ", "jh"
+    sub "ञ", "ñ"
+
+    # Cerebrals
+    sub "ट", "ṭ"
+    sub "ठ", "ṭh"
+    sub "ड", "ḍ"
+    sub "ढ", "ḍh"
+    sub "ण", "ṇ"
+
+    # Dentals
+    sub "त", "t"
+    sub "थ", "th"
+    sub "द", "d"
+    sub "ध", "dh"
+    sub "न", "n"
+
+    # Labials
+    sub "प", "p"
+    sub "फ", "ph"
+    sub "ब", "b"
+    sub "भ", "bh"
+    sub "म", "m"
+
+    # Semivowels
+    sub "य", "y"
+    sub "र", "r"
+    sub "ल", "l"
+    sub "व", "v" # or wa [Note#3]
+
+    # Sibilants
+    sub "श", "sh"
+    sub "ष", "ṣ"
+    sub "स", "s"
+    sub "क्ष", "kṣ"
+    sub "त्र", "tr"
+    sub "ज्ञ", "jñ"
+
+    # Aspirate
+    sub "ह", "h"
+
+    # Anusvāra
+    sub "ं", "ṃ"
+
+    # Bisarga
+    sub "ः", "ḥ"
+
+    # Anunāsika
+    sub "ँ", "~"
+
+    sub "ॅ", "r"
+
+    # halanta
+    sub "्", "a"
+
+    # Abagraha
+    sub "ऽ", "’" # (apostrophe)
+
+    # Numerals / सङ्ख्या
+    sub "०", "0"
+    sub "१", "1"
+    sub "२", "2"
+    sub "३", "3"
+    sub "४", "4"
+    sub "५", "5"
+    sub "६", "6"
+    sub "७", "7"
+    sub "८", "8"
+    sub "९", "9"
+  }
+  compose
+}

data/maps/bgnpcgn-per-Arab-Latn-1958.imp

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+metadata {
+  authority_id: bgnpcgn
+  id: 2007
+  language: iso-639-3:prs
+  # prs stands for Dari (https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/prs&_ga=GA1.2.2054538372.1574092823)
+  source_script: Arab
+  destination_script: Latn
+  name: TRANSLITERATION SYSTEM FOR PERSIAN BGN/PCGN 1958 System
+  url: https://github.com/interscript/interscript/files/5180821/BGN_Romanization_Guide_1964_persian_1958.pdf
+  creation_date: 1958
+  confirmation_date: 2017-11
+  description: |
+    The BGN/PCGN 1958 System for the Persian alphabet was
+    adopted by the BGN in 1946 and by the PCGN In 1958. It Is
+    used for the romanization of standard geographic names in
+    Iran.
+    The Persian alphabet is the same as the Arabic alphabet
+    except for the addition of four consonant symbols for
+    sounds which do not occur in Arabic. Therefore, the same
+    conversion values are used for the Persian alphabet as for
+    the Arabic alphabet wherever phonetically valid. Where
+    letters common to the two alphabets have different
+    pronunciation in the two languages, conversion values
+    reflecting the Persian pronunciation are provided in the
+    Persian system.
+    It may be noted that neither the system of pointing nor the
+    conversion values for vowels and diphthongs are the same
+    for Persian as for Arabic.
+    Persian presents the same problems of vowel pointing as
+    Arabic in that the short vowel symbols necessary for the
+    proper rendering of short vowels, long vowels, and
+    diphthongs are almost always omitted from written Persian.
+    It follows that, in order to produce transliter- tions in
+    terms of standard written Persian, the transliterator must
+    be able to identify the words used in names and must know
+    their standard written Persian spelling, their proper vowel
+    pointing, and how to eliminate pecularities due to
+    dialectical variation.
+    The notes and special rules explain details of
+    transliteration not stated in the tables.
+
+  notes:
+    - |
+      1)The Persian writing system, in its generally used form,
+      employs only the symbols found in Table I, and the alef maddeh
+      (آ) of Table II. The symbols in column 1 of Table II are
+      traditional auxiliary symbols used by Persians only
+      sporadically to indicate the exact reading of a given word.
+      In the case of i, ū, ey and ow, a choice of symbology
+      exists, one system adhering to the Arabic tradition, the
+      other being a modification of it. Likewise, there are two
+      ways of writing alef maq§ureh. The BGN/PCGN transliteration
+      system presupposes forms fully pointed with the Persian
+      symbols represented in Table II, though these are omitted
+      from the examples given below.
+
+    - 2) Alef ( أ ) occurs with the following uses
+      a. Initially, it indicates that the word begins with a vowel or
+      diphthong, and the alef itself is not transliterated, e.g.,
+      انجيرة Anjīreh, ايواني Eyvānī
+      b. Initially with maddeh ( آ ),it indicates ā, e.g., آبادان Ābādān.
+      c. Medially and finally. it represents ā, e.g., e.g., آبادان Ābādān,
+       توكا Tūkā.
+      d.	With hamzeh. See Note 5.
+
+
+    - 3) Where special considerations are paramount, the sub-dot
+      may be used in place of the cedilla
+
+    - 4) The two-letter symbols kh, zh, sh, and gh are convenient
+      for use and easily comprehensible. The infrequent sequences
+      of kāf, ze, sīn, and gāf followed by he can be unequivocally
+      transliterated for bibliographical purposes by the use of a
+      slant line (“shilling,” “solidus") to separate true h from
+      a preceding k, z, s, or	g; that is,	kh represents khe, but
+      k/h stands for kāf followed by he.
+
+    - 5) Hamzeh (ء)	is	not regarded as a letter of the Persian
+      alphabet, but as a diacritic mark, and as such is not
+      always expressed in actual writing. In fully pointed words,
+      however, it appears in several graphic forms, standing
+      alone or written in conjunction with alef, vav, or ye (the
+      ye in this instance being undotted). All these forms are
+      transliterated simply with the apostrophe in the form
+      resembling a small raised figure 9 (’)	,e.g., جزء Joz’
+      صفراء şafrā’, مأخذ ma’khaz̄, مؤتمن mu’taman, پائين pā’īn Occasionally a word may
+      appear pointed according to the strict Arabic tradition so
+      as to indicate an initial hamzeh. This initial hamzeh is
+      never transliterated, but only the vowel which it carries,
+      e.g., •Jfi , whether pointed	or	0	.	is "transliterated
+      simply Anjireh.	' Hamzeh is also sometimes written over
+      final he or ye to represent the -ye form of the eg&feh, cf.
+      Note 8.
+
+    - 6) Alef maddeh is used initially to indicate ā, e.g., آبادان Ābādān
+      Noninitially it indicates ’ā in words of Arabic origin,
+      and must be so transliterated, e.g., قرآن Qor’ān, مآب ma’āb
+
+    - 7) Tashdid ( ّ) indicates doubling of the consonant over which
+      it is written and is represented in transliteration by writing
+      the consonant twice, e.g محمّد Mohammad The sequence kasreh ye ye
+      is transliterated īy.In names of Arabic origin containing the
+      definite article, the vowel of the article is transliterated according
+      to its Persian pronunciation and the lam, when followed by a “sun letter”
+      (t, s̄, d, z̄, r, s, sh, ẕ, ţ, z̧, ţ, z̧, l, n) is assimilated. The article
+      is written in lower case and separate from the preceding and following word,
+      e.g., Zeyn od Din, but *£4 . Zeyn ed Dīn. Cf. Special Rule 1.
+
+    - 8) The relational (ezafeh) suffix	is	transliterated -e after final consonants
+      (except for silent h). After silent h and after vowels, it is transliterated
+      -ye. It is usually not expressed in Persian writing after a consonant
+      (kasreh being understood), e.g., كوهِ مَرغٌوب Kuh-e Marghūb. After final alef or vav
+      it is written with ye (ي), e.g., بايِ آب	Pa-ye Ab,	جويِ آس Jū-ye Ās.	After	ye (ي)
+      and silent he it is written as hamzeh over the letter, e.g., دَهَانهٴ مَمبَر Dahāneh-ye Mambar,
+      سَلَيٴ بُذٌرگ Salasi-ye Bozorrg.
+
+
+
+    -  1.	In Persian names of Arabic origin, the word division
+      used for transliterating Arabic will obtain, except that
+      names ending in the word Allah will be written solid and
+      the a of Allah will be replaced by o, e.g.,	The Arabic
+      definite article when not subject to assimilation will be
+      written al in name-initial position but usually, ol
+      elsewhere, e.g., Al JJal but 2u ol Faqar. Cf. Note 7 above.
+
+    - 2. In Persian names in general, in sequences of name
+      elements pronounced as a single unit, division into
+      separate words will be made after Persian letters written
+      in the word final form. (But see the Rule immediately
+      below.)
+
+    - 3. The word abad which occurs very frequently at
+      the end of place names will be written solid with the
+      preceding word; e.g., Allahabad, not Allah Abad.
+
+    - 4. Persian derivational endings such as vand and Turkish and other
+      endings such as lar, li and lu will be written solid with
+      the preceding word, whether so written in Persian script or
+      not.
+
+    - 5. The letter he, when used in Turkish fashion for
+      word internal e, will be transliterated eh as usual but
+      will be written solid with the remainder of the word.
+
+    - 6. Kheplus vdv followed by long vowel or khe plus vdv followed
+      by gammeh will be rendered khv although the v is not
+      pronounced.
+}
+
+tests {
+  test "اَنجِيرة", "Anjīreh"
+  test "اِيْوَانِي", "Eyvānī"
+  test "آبادان", "Ābādān"
+  test "تُوكا", "Tūkā"
+  test "آبادان", "Ābādān"
+  test "قُرآن", "Qor’ān"
+  test "مَآب", "Ma’āb"
+  test "مُحَمَّد", "Moḩammad"
+  test "كُوهِ مَرغُوب", "Kūh-e Marghūb"
+  test "پَايِ آب", "Pā-ye Āb"
+  test "جُويِ آس", "Jū-ye Ās"
+  test "دَهَانِهٴ مَمبَر", "Dahāneh-ye Mambar"
+  test "سَلَسِيٴ بُذُرگ", "Salasī-ye Boz̄org"
+  test "عَبداللَّه", "‘Abdollāh"
+  test "ذُو الفَقَار", "Z̄ū ol Faqār"
+  test "اللَّه آبَاد", "Allāhābād"
+  test "اِيران", "Īrān"
+}
+
+stage {
+
+  # CHARACTERS
+  parallel {
+
+    sub space + "\u0622\u0628\u064E\u0627\u062F", "ābād" # Special Rule 3
+
+    sub "\u064e", "", after: "\u0629" # َ fatha followed by ta' marboota
+    sub "\u064e", "", after: "a" + any("h|t") # َ fatha followed by ta' marboota, handling different order of conversion
+
+    # pointing
+    sub "\u064e", "a" # َ fatha
+    sub "\u0650", "e" # ِ kasra
+    sub "\u064f", "o" # ُ damma
+    sub "\u064e\u0627", "ā" # ـَا fatha followed by ا
+    sub "\u0649\u0670", "á" # ىٰ
+    sub "\u0622", "’ā" # آ
+    sub boundary + "\u0622", "ā" # آ
+    sub "\u0650" + any("\u064a|\u06cc"), "ī" # ـِي kasra followed by ي
+    # '\u0650\u06cc' : 'ī' # ـِي kasra followed by ي
+    sub "\u064f\u0648", "ū" # ـُو damma followed by و
+    sub "\u064e" + any("\u064a|\u06cc") + "\u0652", "ey" # ـَيْ
+    sub "\u0650" + any("\u064a|\u06cc") + "\u0652", "ey" # ـِيْ
+    sub "\u064e\u0648", "ow" # ـَو
+    sub "\u0652", "" # ْ sokoon
+    sub "\u0650\u064a\u0651", "īy" # ـِيّ
+    sub any("\u0654|\u0674"), "-e" # ٴ ezafeh
+    sub any("\u0654|\u0674"), "-ye", before: any("\u064a|\u0647") # ٴ ezafeh
+    sub "\u0650" + boundary, "-e" # ِ kasra
+    sub any("\u064a|\u06cc") + "\u0650" + boundary, "-ye" # ِ kasra
+    # shadda
+
+    sub "\u0628\u0651", "bb" # ب
+    sub "\u062a\u0651", "tt" # ت
+    sub "\u062b\u0651", "s̄s̄" # ث
+    sub "\u062c\u0651", "jj" # ج
+    sub "\u062d\u0651", "ḩḩ" # ح
+    sub "\u062e\u0651", "kh" # خ
+    sub "\u062f\u0651", "dd" # د
+    sub "\u0630\u0651", "z̄z̄" # ذ
+    sub "\u0631\u0651", "rr" # ر
+    sub "\u0632\u0651", "zz" # ز
+    sub "\u0633\u0651", "ss" # س
+    sub "\u0634\u0651", "sh" # ش
+    sub "\u0635\u0651", "şş" # ص
+    sub "\u0636\u0651", "ẕẕ" # ض
+    sub "\u0637\u0651", "ţţ" # ط
+    sub "\u0638\u0651", "z̧z̧" # ظ
+    sub "\u063a\u0651", "gh" # غ
+    sub "\u0641\u0651", "ff" # ف
+    sub "\u0642\u0651", "qq" # ق
+    sub "\u0643\u0651", "kk" # ك
+    sub "\u0644\u0651", "ll" # ل
+    sub "\u0645\u0651", "mm" # م
+    sub "\u0646\u0651", "nn" # ن
+    sub "\u0647\u0651", "hh" # ه
+    sub "\u0648\u0651", "vv" # و
+    sub "\u064a\u0651", "yy" # ي
+
+    sub "\u0659", "ê"
+
+    # ta' marboota
+    sub "\u0629", "eh"
+
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644", "al " # ال
+    sub space + boundary + "\u0627\u0644", " ol " # ال #special Rule 1
+    sub "\ufdf2", "Allāh" # See note 5
+    sub "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647", "Allāh"
+    sub "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647", "ollāh", not_before: boundary # Special Rule 1
+    # '\uFE8E' : ''  # ﺎ
+
+    # Sun letters
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u062a", "at t" # الت
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u062b", "as̄ s̄" # الث
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u062f", "ad d" # الد
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0630", "az̄ z̄" # الذ
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0631", "ar r" # الر
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0632", "az z" # الز
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0633", "as s" # الس
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0634", "ash sh" # الش
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0635", "aş ş" # الص
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0636", "aẕ ẕ" # الض
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0637", "aţ ţ" # الط
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0638", "az̧ z̧" # الظ
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0644", "al l" # الل
+    sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0646", "an n" # الن
+
+
+    sub "\u0621", "’" # ء
+    sub "\u0626", "’" # ئ
+
+    sub "\u0623", "" # أ
+    sub "\u0625", "" # إ
+    sub "\u0627", "ā" # ا
+    sub boundary + "\u0627", "" # ا
+
+    # consonant characters
+
+    sub "\u0628", "b" # ب
+    sub "\u067E", "p" # پ
+    sub "\u062a", "t" # ت
+    sub "\u062B", "s̄" # ث
+    sub "\u062c", "j" # ج
+    sub "\u0686", "ch" # ‫چ‬
+    sub "\u062d", "ḩ" # ح
+    sub "\u062e", "kh" # خ
+    sub "\u062f", "d" # د
+    sub "\u0630", "z̄" # ذ
+    sub "\u0631", "r" # ر
+    sub "\u0632", "z" # ز
+    sub "\u0698", "zh" # ‫ژ‬
+    sub "\u0633", "s" # س
+    sub "\u0634", "sh" # ش
+    sub "\u0635", "ş" # ص
+    sub "\u0636", "ẕ" # ض
+    sub "\u0637", "ţ" # ط
+    sub "\u0638", "z̧" # ظ
+    sub "\u0639", "‘" # ع
+    sub "\u063a", "gh" # غ
+    sub "\u0641", "f" # ف
+    sub "\u0642", "q" # ق
+    sub "\u0643", "k" # ك
+    sub "\u06A9", "k" # ک
+    sub "\u06AF", "g" # ‫گ‬
+    sub "\u0644", "l" # ل
+    sub "\u0645", "m" # م
+    sub "\u0646", "n" # ن
+    sub "\u0647", "h" # ه
+    sub "\u0648", "v" # و
+    sub "\u064a", "y" # ي
+    sub "\u0649", "y" # ي
+    sub "\u06D0", "ē" # ې
+    sub "\u06CD", "êy" # ‫ۍ‬
+  }
+
+  # POSTRULES
+  sub any("\u0061".."\uFFFF"), upcase, before: boundary, not_before: boundary + any("‘’'-")
+
+  sub " Ol", " ol"
+
+
+}