@polyglot-bundles/th 0.1.1

package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-08.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: thai-grammar-lesson-08
+title: "บทที่ 8 — คำเชื่อม"
+description: "Conjunctions: And, but, because, so"
+order: 8
+parentId: thai-grammar
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: B1
+categories:
+  - grammar
+  - conjunctions
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - thai-grammar-lesson-07
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-08-conjunctions
+      description: "Connect sentences with conjunctions"
+      skill: pattern-application
+    - id: obj-08-cause-effect
+      description: "Express cause and effect"
+      skill: word-production
+    - id: obj-08-conditionals
+      description: "Use conditional structures"
+      skill: pattern-application
+---
+
+# บทที่ 8 (Lesson 8) — Conjunctions
+
+## Introduction
+
+Conjunctions connect ideas and create complex sentences. Thai conjunctions work similarly to English ones.
+
+## Basic Conjunctions
+
+| Thai | Romanization | Meaning |
+|------|--------------|---------|
+| และ | láe | and |
+| กับ | gàp | and/with |
+| หรือ | rǔue | or |
+| แต่ | dtàe | but |
+| แต่ว่า | dtàe-wâa | but (stronger) |
+
+## "And": และ (láe) vs กับ (gàp)
+
+| Use | Conjunction | Example |
+|-----|-------------|---------|
+| Joining clauses | และ | ผมกินข้าว**และ**ดื่มน้ำ (I eat rice and drink water) |
+| Joining nouns | กับ | ข้าว**กับ**แกง (rice and curry) |
+| "With" | กับ | ไป**กับ**เพื่อน (go with friend) |
+
+## "But": แต่ (dtàe)
+
+| Thai | Meaning |
+|------|---------|
+| อร่อยแต่แพง | Delicious but expensive |
+| อยากไปแต่ไม่มีเวลา | Want to go but don't have time |
+| เขาเก่งแต่ขี้เกียจ | He's smart but lazy |
+
+## Cause: เพราะ (phráw) - Because
+
+**Pattern: Result + เพราะ + Cause** (or vice versa)
+
+| Thai | Meaning |
+|------|---------|
+| ไม่ไปเพราะป่วย | Not going because sick |
+| เพราะฝนตกเลยไม่ไป | Because it rained, didn't go |
+| เหนื่อยเพราะทำงานหนัก | Tired because work hard |
+
+## Result: เลย (ləəi) / ก็เลย (gâw ləəi) - So
+
+**Pattern: Cause + เลย + Result**
+
+| Thai | Meaning |
+|------|---------|
+| หิวเลยกินข้าว | Hungry, so ate |
+| ฝนตกก็เลยไม่ไป | It rained, so didn't go |
+| ไม่สบายเลยนอนอยู่บ้าน | Not feeling well, so staying home |
+
+## Conditional: ถ้า (thâa) - If
+
+**Pattern: ถ้า + Condition, Result**
+
+| Thai | Meaning |
+|------|---------|
+| ถ้าฝนตกจะไม่ไป | If it rains, won't go |
+| ถ้าหิวก็กิน | If hungry, then eat |
+| ถ้ามีเวลาจะโทรหา | If have time, will call |
+
+## "When": เมื่อ (mûuea) / ตอน (dtawn)
+
+| Thai | Meaning |
+|------|---------|
+| เมื่อเด็กๆ | when (I was) a child |
+| ตอนกินข้าว | when eating |
+| เมื่อไหร่ก็ได้ | whenever (is fine) |
+
+## "Although": แม้ว่า (máe-wâa) / ถึงแม้ว่า (thǔeng máe-wâa)
+
+| Thai | Meaning |
+|------|---------|
+| แม้ว่าจะเหนื่อยแต่ก็ไป | Although tired, still went |
+| ถึงแม้ว่าแพงแต่ก็ซื้อ | Although expensive, still bought |
+
+## "So that": เพื่อ (phûuea)
+
+| Thai | Meaning |
+|------|---------|
+| เรียนเพื่อสอบ | Study in order to test |
+| ทำงานเพื่อหาเงิน | Work in order to make money |
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
+|---------|---------|---------|
+| ถ้า...ก็... | ถ้าไม่ไปก็ไม่เป็นไร | If not go, it's okay |
+| ...เพราะ... | ไปเพราะอยาก | Went because wanted to |
+| ...เลย... | หิวเลยกิน | Hungry so ate |
+| แม้ว่า...แต่... | แม้ว่าเหนื่อยแต่สนุก | Although tired but fun |
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **และ** - and (joining clauses)
+2. **กับ** - and/with (joining nouns)
+3. **แต่** - but
+4. **เพราะ** - because
+5. **เลย** - so/therefore
+6. **ถ้า** - if
+
+## Conjunction Pattern Table
+
+| Conjunction | Use | Pattern | Example |
+|-------------|-----|--------|---------|
+| และ | Join clauses | Clause + และ + Clause | กินข้าวและดื่มน้ำ |
+| กับ | Join nouns/with | Noun + กับ + Noun | ข้าวกับแกง |
+| แต่ | Contrast | Statement + แต่ + Contrast | อร่อยแต่แพง |
+| เพราะ | Cause | Result + เพราะ + Cause | ไม่ไปเพราะป่วย |
+| เลย | Result | Cause + เลย + Result | หิวเลยกิน |
+| ถ้า | Condition | ถ้า + Condition, Result | ถ้าฝนตกจะไม่ไป |
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="grammar-8-conjunction-choice" type="multiple-choice" title="Choosing Conjunctions" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-08-conjunctions"}
+
+**Question:** Which conjunction do you use to join "rice" and "curry"?
+
+**Options:**
+- และ
+- กับ
+- แต่
+- หรือ
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** Use กับ to join nouns. และ is for joining clauses (verbs/actions). So "rice and curry" is ข้าวกับแกง, not ข้าวและแกง.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="grammar-8-cause-effect" type="matching" title="Cause and Effect Patterns" skill="pattern-recognition" objectiveId="obj-08-cause-effect"}
+
+**Question:** Match each pattern to its structure
+
+- เพราะ...เลย...
+- ...เพราะ...
+- ...เลย...
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- เพราะ...เลย... → Because [cause], so [result] (formal pattern)
+- ...เพราะ... → [Result] because [cause] (common pattern)
+- ...เลย... → [Cause] so [result] (simple pattern)
+
+**Explanation:** Thai allows flexible word order for cause and effect. เพราะ means "because" and เลย means "so/therefore". You can use them together or separately.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="grammar-8-conditional" type="fill-in-blank" title="Conditional Sentences" skill="pattern-application" objectiveId="obj-08-conditionals"}
+
+**Question:** How do you form "if...then" sentences in Thai?
+
+**Answer:**
+
+Use the pattern: **ถ้า + [condition], [result]**. For example:
+- ถ้าฝนตกจะไม่ไป (If it rains, won't go)
+- ถ้าหิวก็กิน (If hungry, then eat)
+
+Often ก็ (then) is used in the result clause, but it's optional. The key is ถ้า at the beginning.
+
+**Explanation:** ถ้า introduces the condition. The result can follow directly or use ก็ for emphasis. This is similar to English "if...then" but more flexible in structure.
+
+:::
+
+## Course Complete!
+
+ยินดีด้วย! (Congratulations!)
+
+You've completed Thai Grammar! You now understand:
+- Sentence structure (SVO)
+- Questions and negation
+- Classifiers
+- Polite particles
+- Time expressions
+- Comparisons
+- Conjunctions
+
+Keep practicing, and your Thai will become more natural every day!
+
+## What's Next
+
+Congratulations on completing the Grammar syllabus! Continue building your skills by exploring other syllabi:
+- **Dialogue** - Practice conversations in real situations
+- **Essentials** - Master everyday phrases and vocabulary
+- **Food** - Learn to order and discuss Thai cuisine
+- **Reading** - Apply your grammar knowledge to real texts

package/src/syllabi/grammar/meta.mdx

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+---
+type: syllabus
+id: thai-grammar
+title: "ไวยากรณ์ไทย (Thai Grammar)"
+description: "Essential grammar patterns, classifiers, and particles for natural Thai"
+language: th
+version: "1.0.0"
+totalLessons: 8
+totalItems: 60
+cefrLevel: A2-B1
+categories:
+  - grammar
+  - patterns
+  - classifiers
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 240
+  objectives:
+    - "Understand Thai sentence structure"
+    - "Use classifiers correctly"
+    - "Master essential particles"
+    - "Form questions and negations"
+---
+
+# ไวยากรณ์ไทย (Thai Grammar)
+
+## Overview
+
+Thai grammar is simpler than English in many ways - no conjugations, no articles, no plurals! But it has unique features like classifiers and particles that take practice to master.
+
+## Course Structure
+
+| Lesson | Topic | Key Points |
+|--------|-------|------------|
+| 1 | Sentence Structure | Subject + Verb + Object basics |
+| 2 | Questions | Question words and yes/no questions |
+| 3 | Negation | ไม่ (not) and negative patterns |
+| 4 | Classifiers | Counting with classifiers |
+| 5 | Polite Particles | ครับ, ค่ะ, นะ, and more |
+| 6 | Time Expressions | Tense markers and time words |
+| 7 | Comparisons | More, less, same, most |
+| 8 | Conjunctions | And, but, because, so |
+
+## Key Concepts
+
+### No Conjugations
+Thai verbs don't change for tense, person, or number:
+- ผมกิน (I eat) / เขากิน (he eats) / เรากิน (we ate)
+
+### Classifiers Required
+When counting, Thai requires classifiers after numbers:
+- 3 dogs = หมา 3 ตัว (dog + 3 + classifier)
+
+### Particles Add Nuance
+Sentence-final particles convey politeness, mood, and meaning:
+- ครับ/ค่ะ (polite)
+- นะ (softener)
+- ไหม (question)

package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: thai-numbers-lesson-01
+title: "บทที่ 1 — ตัวเลขไทย"
+description: "Thai Numerals: The ten basic digits ๐-๙"
+order: 1
+parentId: thai-numbers
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - numbers
+  - numerals
+  - basic
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 20
+  prerequisites:
+    - thai-alphabet
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-recognize-thai-numerals
+      description: "Recognize all 10 Thai numerals (๐-๙)"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [num-zero, num-one, num-two, num-three, num-four, num-five, num-six, num-seven, num-eight, num-nine]
+    - id: obj-pronounce-numerals
+      description: "Pronounce each number correctly"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [num-zero, num-one, num-two, num-three, num-four, num-five, num-six, num-seven, num-eight, num-nine]
+    - id: obj-write-thai-numerals
+      description: "Write Thai numerals"
+      skill: word-production
+      references: [num-zero, num-one, num-two, num-three, num-four, num-five, num-six, num-seven, num-eight, num-nine]
+    - id: obj-convert-numerals
+      description: "Convert between Thai and Arabic numerals"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [num-zero, num-one, num-two, num-three, num-four, num-five, num-six, num-seven, num-eight, num-nine]
+---
+
+# บทที่ 1 (Lesson 1) — Thai Numerals
+
+## Introduction
+
+Thai has its own beautiful numeral system that's been used for centuries. While Arabic numerals (0-9) are common in modern Thailand, Thai numerals still appear on official documents, currency, temple inscriptions, and formal contexts. Learning them connects you to Thai culture and history.
+
+## The Ten Digits
+
+:::character-set{id="thai-numerals" title="Thai Numerals ๐-๙"}
+
+::character{id="num-zero" canonicalRef="num-zero" char="๐" name="ศูนย์ (sǒon)" transliteration="0" charType="number"}
+
+::character{id="num-one" canonicalRef="num-one" char="๑" name="หนึ่ง (nʉ̀ng)" transliteration="1" charType="number"}
+
+::character{id="num-two" canonicalRef="num-two" char="๒" name="สอง (sǒng)" transliteration="2" charType="number"}
+
+::character{id="num-three" canonicalRef="num-three" char="๓" name="สาม (sǎam)" transliteration="3" charType="number"}
+
+::character{id="num-four" canonicalRef="num-four" char="๔" name="สี่ (sìi)" transliteration="4" charType="number"}
+
+::character{id="num-five" canonicalRef="num-five" char="๕" name="ห้า (hâa)" transliteration="5" charType="number"}
+
+::character{id="num-six" canonicalRef="num-six" char="๖" name="หก (hòk)" transliteration="6" charType="number"}
+
+::character{id="num-seven" canonicalRef="num-seven" char="๗" name="เจ็ด (jèt)" transliteration="7" charType="number"}
+
+::character{id="num-eight" canonicalRef="num-eight" char="๘" name="แปด (bpàet)" transliteration="8" charType="number"}
+
+::character{id="num-nine" canonicalRef="num-nine" char="๙" name="เก้า (gâo)" transliteration="9" charType="number"}
+
+:::
+
+## Recognizing the Shapes
+
+Thai numerals have distinctive shapes. Here are some memory tips:
+
+| Numeral | Memory Tip |
+|---------|------------|
+| ๐ | Looks like a curly zero |
+| ๑ | A simple hook — the first, simplest number |
+| ๒ | Has two bumps on top |
+| ๓ | Looks like a sideways 3 with curves |
+| ๔ | Four strokes to write |
+| ๕ | Looks like a squiggly 5 |
+| ๖ | Has a loop like a 6 |
+| ๗ | Looks like a 7 with a hat |
+| ๘ | Has curves like an 8 |
+| ๙ | A curly 9 shape |
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+| Number | Thai | Romanization | Similar English Sound |
+|--------|------|--------------|----------------------|
+| 0 | ศูนย์ | sǒon | "soon" with rising tone |
+| 1 | หนึ่ง | nʉ̀ng | "nung" (low tone) |
+| 2 | สอง | sǒng | "song" with rising tone |
+| 3 | สาม | sǎam | "saam" with rising tone |
+| 4 | สี่ | sìi | "see" with low tone |
+| 5 | ห้า | hâa | "haa" with falling tone |
+| 6 | หก | hòk | "hok" with low tone |
+| 7 | เจ็ด | jèt | "jet" with low tone |
+| 8 | แปด | bpàet | "bpaet" with low tone |
+| 9 | เก้า | gâo | "gow" with falling tone |
+
+## Where You'll See Thai Numerals
+
+- **Currency**: Thai banknotes show amounts in Thai numerals
+- **Official documents**: ID cards, government papers
+- **Temples**: Dates on Buddhist inscriptions
+- **Royal contexts**: Formal announcements
+- **Traditional calendars**: Buddhist Era dates
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **10 digits**: Thai numerals work just like Arabic — position determines value
+2. **Same math**: ๑๒๓ = 123 — the system is identical, just different symbols
+3. **Tones matter**: Each number word has a specific tone
+4. **Cultural value**: Knowing Thai numerals shows respect for Thai heritage
+
+## Practice
+
+Convert these Thai numbers to Arabic:
+- ๕๗ = ?
+- ๒๔ = ?
+- ๑๐๐ = ?
+
+(Answers: 57, 24, 100)
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 2, you'll learn how to count from 1 to 100, including the special rules for teens and the unique word for 20.

package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-02.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: thai-numbers-lesson-02
+title: "บทที่ 2 — นับ ๑-๑๐๐"
+description: "Counting 1-100: Teens, tens, and special rules"
+order: 2
+parentId: thai-numbers
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - numbers
+  - counting
+  - basics
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites:
+    - thai-numbers-lesson-01
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-count-1-100
+      description: "Count from 1 to 100 fluently"
+      skill: word-pronunciation
+      references: [num-one, num-two, num-three, num-four, num-five, num-six, num-seven, num-eight, num-nine]
+    - id: obj-special-rule-teens
+      description: "Understand the special rule for 11-19"
+      skill: word-production
+      references: [num-one]
+    - id: obj-twenty-rule
+      description: "Know why 20 uses ยี่ instead of สอง"
+      skill: word-production
+      references: [num-two]
+    - id: obj-two-digit-numbers
+      description: "Form any two-digit number correctly"
+      skill: word-production
+      references: [num-one, num-two, num-three, num-four, num-five, num-six, num-seven, num-eight, num-nine]
+---
+
+# บทที่ 2 (Lesson 2) — Counting 1-100
+
+## Introduction
+
+Thai counting follows a logical pattern, but with a few important exceptions that every learner must know. The rules for teens (11-19) and the word for 20 are different from what you might expect.
+
+## The Basic Pattern
+
+Thai numbers follow a place-value system like English:
+- **Tens place** + สิบ (sìp) = "ten"
+- **Ones place** = the digit
+
+Example: 35 = สาม (3) + สิบ (10) + ห้า (5) = สามสิบห้า (sǎam-sìp-hâa)
+
+## The Teens (11-19): Special Rule #1
+
+For 11-19, Thai uses สิบ (sìp) first, then adds the ones digit. But there's a catch:
+
+**หนึ่ง becomes เอ็ด (èt) when it's not alone.**
+
+| Number | Wrong | Correct | Pronunciation |
+|--------|-------|---------|---------------|
+| 10 | — | สิบ | sìp |
+| 11 | ~~สิบหนึ่ง~~ | สิบเอ็ด | sìp-èt |
+| 12 | — | สิบสอง | sìp-sǒng |
+| 13 | — | สิบสาม | sìp-sǎam |
+| 14 | — | สิบสี่ | sìp-sìi |
+| 15 | — | สิบห้า | sìp-hâa |
+| 16 | — | สิบหก | sìp-hòk |
+| 17 | — | สิบเจ็ด | sìp-jèt |
+| 18 | — | สิบแปด | sìp-bpàet |
+| 19 | — | สิบเก้า | sìp-gâo |
+
+**Key rule**: หนึ่ง (nʉ̀ng) is only used when it stands alone. In compounds, it becomes เอ็ด (èt).
+
+## Twenty: Special Rule #2
+
+Here's the second exception: 20 is NOT สองสิบ!
+
+**20 = ยี่สิบ (yîi-sìp)**
+
+Why? Historical reasons — ยี่ is an older word for "two" that survives only in this context.
+
+| Number | Thai | Pronunciation |
+|--------|------|---------------|
+| 20 | ยี่สิบ | yîi-sìp |
+| 21 | ยี่สิบเอ็ด | yîi-sìp-èt |
+| 22 | ยี่สิบสอง | yîi-sìp-sǒng |
+| 29 | ยี่สิบเก้า | yîi-sìp-gâo |
+
+## The Regular Tens (30-90)
+
+After 20, the pattern is regular:
+
+| Number | Thai | Pronunciation |
+|--------|------|---------------|
+| 30 | สามสิบ | sǎam-sìp |
+| 40 | สี่สิบ | sìi-sìp |
+| 50 | ห้าสิบ | hâa-sìp |
+| 60 | หกสิบ | hòk-sìp |
+| 70 | เจ็ดสิบ | jèt-sìp |
+| 80 | แปดสิบ | bpàet-sìp |
+| 90 | เก้าสิบ | gâo-sìp |
+| 100 | ร้อย | rɔ́ɔi |
+
+## Building Any Number 1-99
+
+Formula: **[tens word] + สิบ + [ones word]**
+
+Remember:
+- Use เอ็ด for 1 in compounds (21, 31, 41...)
+- Use ยี่สิบ for 20-29
+- Everything else is regular
+
+| Number | Breakdown | Thai |
+|--------|-----------|------|
+| 47 | 4×10 + 7 | สี่สิบเจ็ด |
+| 63 | 6×10 + 3 | หกสิบสาม |
+| 81 | 8×10 + 1 | แปดสิบเอ็ด |
+| 99 | 9×10 + 9 | เก้าสิบเก้า |
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **เอ็ด replaces หนึ่ง**: Always in compound numbers (11, 21, 31...)
+2. **ยี่สิบ for 20**: Never สองสิบ
+3. **สิบ = 10**: The building block for all two-digit numbers
+4. **Pattern is logical**: Once you know the exceptions, it's predictable
+
+## Common Mistakes
+
+- ❌ ยี่สิบหนึ่ง → ✓ ยี่สิบเอ็ด (21)
+- ❌ สองสิบ → ✓ ยี่สิบ (20)
+- ❌ สามสิบหนึ่ง → ✓ สามสิบเอ็ด (31)
+
+## Practice Counting
+
+Try saying these out loud:
+- 15, 25, 35, 45, 55
+- 11, 22, 33, 44, 55
+- 19, 29, 39, 49, 59
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="numbers-2-special-rules" type="fill-in-blank" title="Special Rules Practice" skill="word-production" tests="num-one,num-two" objectiveId="obj-special-rule-teens"}
+
+**Question:** Write these numbers in Thai:
+
+- 11 (ten + one)
+- 20 (twenty)
+- 21 (twenty + one)
+- 31 (thirty + one)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- 11 → สิบ**เอ็ด** (not สิบหนึ่ง)
+- 20 → **ยี่**สิบ (not สองสิบ)
+- 21 → ยี่สิบ**เอ็ด** (not ยี่สิบหนึ่ง)
+- 31 → สามสิบ**เอ็ด** (not สามสิบหนึ่ง)
+
+**Explanation:** Remember the two special rules: (1) หนึ่ง becomes เอ็ด in compound numbers, and (2) 20 uses ยี่สิบ, not สองสิบ. These are the only exceptions to the regular pattern.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="numbers-2-building-numbers" type="matching" title="Building Two-Digit Numbers" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-two-digit-numbers"}
+
+**Question:** Match each number to its Thai form
+
+- 47
+- 63
+- 81
+- 99
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- 47 → สี่สิบเจ็ด (4×10 + 7)
+- 63 → หกสิบสาม (6×10 + 3)
+- 81 → แปดสิบเอ็ด (8×10 + 1, remember เอ็ด!)
+- 99 → เก้าสิบเก้า (9×10 + 9)
+
+**Explanation:** The pattern is [tens word] + สิบ + [ones word]. For numbers ending in 1, use เอ็ด instead of หนึ่ง.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="numbers-2-common-mistakes" type="multiple-choice" title="Common Mistakes" skill="word-pronunciation" tests="num-one,num-two" objectiveId="obj-twenty-rule"}
+
+**Question:** Which is the correct way to say 21 in Thai?
+
+**Options:**
+- ยี่สิบหนึ่ง
+- ยี่สิบเอ็ด
+- สองสิบเอ็ด
+- ยี่สิบยี่
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** 21 is ยี่สิบเอ็ด. Remember: (1) 20 uses ยี่สิบ (not สองสิบ), and (2) หนึ่ง becomes เอ็ด in compounds. So ยี่สิบ + เอ็ด = ยี่สิบเอ็ด.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 3, you'll learn large numbers — hundreds, thousands, and millions — including how Thai groups numbers differently than English.