passagemath-schemes 10.6.40__cp314-cp314-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/schemes/cyclic_covers/cycliccover_generic.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+"""
+Cyclic covers curves over a general ring
+
+EXAMPLES::
+
+    sage: ZZx.<x> = ZZ[]
+    sage: C = CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1); C
+    Cyclic Cover of P^1 over Integer Ring defined by y^5 = x^5 + x + 1
+    sage: C.genus()
+    6
+    sage: D = C.projective_closure(); D
+    Projective Plane Curve over Integer Ring defined by x0^5 + x0^4*x1 + x1^5 - x2^5
+    sage: D.change_ring(QQ).genus()
+    6
+    sage: C.change_ring(GF(5))
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    ValueError: As the characteristic divides the order of the cover, this model is not smooth.
+
+    sage: GF7x.<x> = GF(7)[]
+    sage: C = CyclicCover(3, x^9 + x + 1)
+    sage: C
+    Cyclic Cover of P^1 over Finite Field of size 7 defined by y^3 = x^9 + x + 1
+    sage: C.genus()
+    7
+    sage: C.projective_closure()
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    NotImplementedError: Weighted Projective Space is not implemented
+"""
+
+# *****************************************************************************
+#  Copyright (C) 2018 Edgar Costa <edgarc@mit.edu>
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# *****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_ring_constructor import PolynomialRing
+from sage.structure.category_object import normalize_names
+from sage.arith.misc import GCD
+from sage.schemes.curves.affine_curve import AffinePlaneCurve
+
+
+class CyclicCover_generic(AffinePlaneCurve):
+    def __init__(self, AA, r, f, names=None):
+        """
+        Cyclic covers over a general ring.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``A`` -- ambient affine space
+
+        - ``r`` -- degree of the cover
+
+        - ``f`` -- univariate polynomial
+
+        - ``names`` -- (default: ``["x","y"]``); names for the
+          coordinate functions
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: ZZx.<x> = ZZ[]
+            sage: C = CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1); C
+            Cyclic Cover of P^1 over Integer Ring defined by y^5 = x^5 + x + 1
+            sage: C.genus()
+            6
+            sage: D = C.projective_closure(); D
+            Projective Plane Curve over Integer Ring defined by x0^5 + x0^4*x1 + x1^5 - x2^5
+            sage: D.change_ring(QQ).genus()
+            6
+            sage: C.change_ring(GF(5))
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: As the characteristic divides the order of the cover,
+            this model is not smooth.
+
+
+            sage: GF7x.<x> = GF(7)[]
+            sage: C = CyclicCover(3, x^9 + x + 1)
+            sage: C
+            Cyclic Cover of P^1 over Finite Field of size 7 defined by y^3 = x^9 + x + 1
+            sage: C.genus()
+            7
+            sage: C.projective_closure()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            NotImplementedError: Weighted Projective Space is not implemented
+        """
+        x, y = AA.gens()
+        self._r = r
+        self._d = f.degree()
+        self._delta = GCD(self._r, self._d)
+        self._genus = ((self._d - 1) * (self._r - 1) - (self._delta - 1)) // 2
+        self._f = f
+
+        F = y**r - f(x)
+        AffinePlaneCurve.__init__(self, AA, F)
+        if names is None:
+            names = ("x", "y")
+        else:
+            names = normalize_names(2, names)
+        self._names = names
+
+    def change_ring(self, R):
+        """
+        Return this CyclicCover over a new base ring R.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: ZZx.<x> = ZZ[]
+            sage: C = CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1)
+            sage: C.change_ring(GF(5))
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: As the characteristic divides the order of the cover,
+            this model is not smooth.
+            sage: C.change_ring(GF(3))
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: Not a smooth Cyclic Cover of P^1: singularity in the
+            provided affine patch.
+            sage: C.change_ring(GF(17))
+            Cyclic Cover of P^1 over Finite Field of size 17 defined by y^5 = x^5 + x + 1
+        """
+        from .constructor import CyclicCover
+
+        return CyclicCover(self._r, self._f.change_ring(R), self._names)
+
+    base_extend = change_ring
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        String representation of cyclic covers.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: R.<x> = QQ[]
+            sage: CyclicCover(2, x^5 + x + 1)
+            Cyclic Cover of P^1 over Rational Field defined by y^2 = x^5 + x + 1
+            sage: CyclicCover(3, x^5 + x + 1)
+            Cyclic Cover of P^1 over Rational Field defined by y^3 = x^5 + x + 1
+            sage: CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1)
+            Cyclic Cover of P^1 over Rational Field defined by y^5 = x^5 + x + 1
+            sage: CyclicCover(15, x^9 + x + 1)
+            Cyclic Cover of P^1 over Rational Field defined by y^15 = x^9 + x + 1
+        """
+        R = self.base_ring()
+        x, y = self.ambient_space().gens()
+        r = self._r
+        f = self._f
+        return "Cyclic Cover of P^1 over %s defined by %s = %s" % (R, y**r, f(x))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """
+        Test of equality.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: ZZx.<x> = ZZ[]
+            sage: C0 = CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1)
+            sage: C1 = C0.change_ring(QQ)
+            sage: C1 == C0
+            False
+            sage: C2 = CyclicCover(3, x^5 + x + 1)
+            sage: C2 == C0
+            False
+            sage: C3 = CyclicCover(5, x^6 + x + 1)
+            sage: C3 == C0
+            False
+            sage: C0 == CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1)
+            True
+        """
+        if not isinstance(other, CyclicCover_generic):
+            return False
+
+        return (
+            (self.base_ring() == other.base_ring())
+            and (self._r == other._r)
+            and (self._f == other._f)
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        """
+        Test of not equality.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: ZZx.<x> = ZZ[]
+            sage: C0 = CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1)
+            sage: C1 = C0.change_ring(QQ)
+            sage: C1 != C0
+            True
+            sage: C2 = CyclicCover(3, x^5 + x + 1)
+            sage: C2 != C0
+            True
+            sage: C3 = CyclicCover(5, x^6 + x + 1)
+            sage: C3 != C0
+            True
+            sage: C0 != CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1)
+            False
+        """
+        return not self == other
+
+    def order(self):
+        """
+        The order of the cover.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: ZZx.<x> = ZZ[]
+            sage: CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1).order()
+            5
+            sage: CyclicCover(3, x^5 + x + 1).order()
+            3
+        """
+        return self._r
+
+    def genus(self):
+        """
+        The geometric genus of the curve.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: ZZx.<x> = ZZ[]
+            sage: CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1).genus()
+            6
+            sage: CyclicCover(3, x^5 + x + 1).genus()
+            4
+        """
+        return self._genus
+
+    def projective_closure(self, **kwds):
+        """
+        Return the projective closure of this affine curve.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: GF7x.<x> = GF(7)[]
+            sage: CyclicCover(3, x^9 + x + 1).projective_closure()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            NotImplementedError: Weighted Projective Space is not implemented
+
+            sage: ZZx.<x> = ZZ[]
+            sage: CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1).projective_closure()
+            Projective Plane Curve over Integer Ring defined by x0^5 + x0^4*x1 + x1^5 - x2^5
+        """
+        # test d = 3 and 4
+        if self._d == self._r:
+            return AffinePlaneCurve.projective_closure(self, **kwds)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Weighted Projective Space is not implemented")
+
+    def cover_polynomial(self, K=None, var='x'):
+        """
+        Return the polynomial defining the cyclic cover.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: ZZx.<x> = ZZ[]; CyclicCover(5, x^5 + x + 1).cover_polynomial()
+            x^5 + x + 1
+        """
+
+        if K is None:
+            return self._f
+        else:
+            P = PolynomialRing(K, var)
+            return P(self._f)
+
+    def is_singular(self):
+        r"""
+        Return if this curve is singular or not.
+
+        This just checks that the characteristic of the ring does not divide the
+        order of the cover and that the defining polynomial of the cover is
+        square free.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: R.<x> = QQ[]
+            sage: CyclicCover(3, x^5 + x + 1).is_singular()
+            False
+            sage: CyclicCover(3, (x^5 + x + 1)^2, check_smooth=False).is_singular()
+            True
+        """
+        P = self._f.parent()
+        r = self._r
+        if P(r) == 0:
+            return True
+        else:
+            return not self._f.is_squarefree()
+
+    def is_smooth(self):
+        r"""
+        Return if this curve is smooth or not.
+
+        This just checks that the characteristic of the ring does not divide the
+        order of the cover and that the defining polynomial of the cover is
+        square free.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: R.<x> = QQ[]
+            sage: CyclicCover(3, x^5 + x + 1).is_smooth()
+            True
+            sage: CyclicCover(3, (x^5 + x + 1)^2, check_smooth=False).is_smooth()
+            False
+        """
+        return not self.is_singular()