passagemath-schemes 10.6.40__cp314-cp314-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/dynamics/arithmetic_dynamics/projective_ds_helper.pyx

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+r"""
+Dynamical systems on projective varieties (Cython helper)
+
+This is the helper file providing functionality for projective_ds.py.
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Dillon Rose (2014-01):  Speed enhancements
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2014 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.arith.functions cimport LCM_list
+from sage.rings.finite_rings.finite_field_constructor import GF
+from sage.combinat.subset import subsets
+
+
+cpdef _fast_possible_periods(self, return_points=False):
+    r"""
+    Return the list of possible minimal periods of a periodic point
+    over `\QQ` and (optionally) a point in each cycle.
+
+    ALGORITHM:
+
+    See [Hutz-gr]_
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``return_points`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True``, then
+      return the points as well as the possible periods
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A list of positive integers, or a list of pairs of projective points
+    and periods if ``return_points`` is ``True``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.dynamics.arithmetic_dynamics.projective_ds_helper import _fast_possible_periods
+        sage: P.<x,y> = ProjectiveSpace(GF(23),1)
+        sage: f = DynamicalSystem_projective([x^2-2*y^2, y^2])
+        sage: _fast_possible_periods(f, False)
+        [1, 5, 11, 22, 110]
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: from sage.dynamics.arithmetic_dynamics.projective_ds_helper import _fast_possible_periods
+        sage: P.<x,y> = ProjectiveSpace(GF(13),1)
+        sage: f = DynamicalSystem_projective([x^2-y^2, y^2])
+        sage: sorted(_fast_possible_periods(f, True))
+        [[(0 : 1), 2], [(1 : 0), 1], [(3 : 1), 3], [(3 : 1), 36]]
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: from sage.dynamics.arithmetic_dynamics.projective_ds_helper import _fast_possible_periods
+        sage: PS.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(2,GF(7))
+        sage: f = DynamicalSystem_projective([-360*x^3 + 760*x*z^2, y^3 - 604*y*z^2 + 240*z^3, 240*z^3])
+        sage: _fast_possible_periods(f, False)
+        [1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 14, 28, 42, 84]
+
+    .. TODO::
+
+        - More space efficient hash/point-table.
+    """
+    cdef int i, N
+    cdef int hash_p, hash_q
+    cdef int index, startindex
+    cdef list points_periods
+    cdef list P, Q
+    cdef set periods, lorders, rvalues
+
+    if not self._is_prime_finite_field:
+        raise TypeError("must be prime field")
+
+    PS = self.domain()
+    from sage.schemes.projective.projective_space import ProjectiveSpace_ring
+    if not isinstance(PS, ProjectiveSpace_ring) or PS != self.codomain():
+        raise NotImplementedError("must be an endomorphism of projective space")
+
+    p = PS.base_ring().order()
+    N = int(PS.dimension_relative())
+
+    point_table = [[0, 0] for i in range(p**(N + 1))]
+    index = 1
+    periods = set()
+    points_periods = []
+
+    for P in _enum_points(p, N):
+        hash_p = _hash(P, p)
+        if point_table[hash_p][1] == 0:
+            startindex = index
+            while point_table[hash_p][1] == 0:
+                point_table[hash_p][1] = index
+                Q = <list> self._fast_eval(P)
+                _normalize_coordinates(Q, p, N+1)
+                hash_q = _hash(Q, p)
+                point_table[hash_p][0] = hash_q
+                P = Q
+                hash_p = hash_q
+                index += 1
+
+            if point_table[hash_p][1] >= startindex:
+                P_proj = PS(P)
+                period = index - point_table[hash_p][1]
+                periods.add(period)
+                points_periods.append([P_proj, period])
+                l = P_proj.multiplier(self, period, False)
+                lorders = set()
+                for poly, _ in l.charpoly().factor():
+                    if poly.degree() == 1:
+                        eig = -poly.constant_coefficient()
+                        if not eig:
+                            continue  # exclude 0
+                    else:
+                        eig = GF((p, poly.degree()), 't', modulus=poly).gen()
+                    if eig:
+                        lorders.add(eig.multiplicative_order())
+                S = subsets(lorders)
+                next(S)   # get rid of the empty set
+                rvalues = set()
+                for s in S:
+                    rvalues.add(LCM_list(s))
+                if N == 1:
+                    for r in rvalues:
+                        periods.add(period*r)
+                        points_periods.append([P_proj, period*r])
+                        if p == 2 or p == 3:  # need e=1 for N=1, QQ
+                            periods.add(period*r*p)
+                            points_periods.append([P_proj, period*r*p])
+                else:
+                    for r in rvalues:
+                        periods.add(period*r)
+                        periods.add(period*r*p)
+                        points_periods.append([P_proj, period*r])
+                        points_periods.append([P_proj, period*r*p])
+                        if p == 2:  # need e=3 for N>1, QQ
+                            periods.add(period*r*4)
+                            points_periods.append([P_proj, period*r*4])
+                            periods.add(period*r*8)
+                            points_periods.append([P_proj, period*r*8])
+
+    if not return_points:
+        return sorted(periods)
+    else:
+        return points_periods
+
+
+def _enum_points(int prime, int dimension):
+    """
+    Enumerate points in projective space over finite field with given prime and dimension.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.dynamics.arithmetic_dynamics.projective_ds_helper import _enum_points
+        sage: list(_enum_points(3,2))
+        [[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [1, 1, 0], [2, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1],
+         [1, 0, 1], [2, 0, 1], [0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1], [2, 1, 1],
+         [0, 2, 1], [1, 2, 1], [2, 2, 1]]
+    """
+    cdef int current_range
+    cdef int highest_range
+    cdef int value
+
+    current_range = 1
+    highest_range = prime**dimension
+
+    while current_range <= highest_range:
+        for value in range(current_range, 2*current_range):
+            yield _get_point_from_hash(value, prime, dimension)
+        current_range = current_range * prime
+
+
+cpdef int _hash(list Point, int prime) noexcept:
+    """
+    Hash point given as list to unique number.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.dynamics.arithmetic_dynamics.projective_ds_helper import _hash
+        sage: _hash([1, 2, 1], 3)
+        16
+    """
+    cdef int hash_q
+    cdef int coefficient
+
+    hash_q = 0
+
+    for coefficient in reversed(Point):
+        hash_q = hash_q*prime + coefficient
+
+    return hash_q
+
+cpdef list _get_point_from_hash(int value, int prime, int dimension):
+    """
+    Hash unique number to point as a list.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.dynamics.arithmetic_dynamics.projective_ds_helper import _get_point_from_hash
+        sage: _get_point_from_hash(16, 3, 2)
+        [1, 2, 1]
+    """
+    cdef list P = []
+    cdef int i
+
+    for i in range(dimension + 1):
+        P.append(value % prime)
+        value /= prime
+
+    return P
+
+cdef inline int _mod_inv(int num, int prime) noexcept:
+    """
+    Find the inverse of the number modulo the given prime.
+    """
+    cdef int a, b, q, t, x, y
+    a = prime
+    b = num
+    x = 1
+    y = 0
+    while b != 0:
+        t = b
+        q = a / t
+        b = a - q*t
+        a = t
+        t = x
+        x = y - q*t
+        y = t
+
+    if y < 0:
+        return y + prime
+    else:
+        return y
+
+cpdef _normalize_coordinates(list point, int prime, int len_points):
+    """
+    Normalize the coordinates of the point for the given prime.
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        This mutates ``point``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.dynamics.arithmetic_dynamics.projective_ds_helper import _normalize_coordinates
+        sage: L = [1,5,1]
+        sage: _normalize_coordinates(L, 3, 3)
+        sage: L
+        [1, 2, 1]
+    """
+    cdef int last_coefficient, coefficient, mod_inverse, val
+
+    for coefficient in range(len_points):
+        val = ((<int> point[coefficient]) + prime) % prime
+        point[coefficient] = val
+        if val != 0:
+            last_coefficient = val
+
+    mod_inverse = _mod_inv(last_coefficient, prime)
+
+    for coefficient in range(len_points):
+        point[coefficient] = (point[coefficient] * mod_inverse) % prime
+
+cpdef _all_periodic_points(self):
+    """
+    Find all periodic points over a finite field.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.dynamics.arithmetic_dynamics.projective_ds_helper import _all_periodic_points
+        sage: P.<x,y> = ProjectiveSpace(GF(7), 1)
+        sage: f = DynamicalSystem_projective([x^2 - y^2, y^2], domain=P)
+        sage: _all_periodic_points(f)
+        [(1 : 0), (0 : 1), (6 : 1)]
+    """
+    cdef list periodic_points, path
+    cdef set elements
+
+    periodic_points = []
+    path = []
+    elements = set(self.domain())
+    while elements:
+        number = elements.pop()
+        path = [number]
+        next_element = self(number)
+        while next_element in elements:
+            path.append(next_element)
+            elements.remove(next_element)
+            next_element = self(next_element)
+        if next_element in path:
+            periodic_points += path[path.index(next_element):]
+    return periodic_points