passagemath-schemes 10.6.40__cp314-cp314-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/schemes/curves/constructor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.libs.singular
+"""
+Curve constructor
+
+Curves are constructed through the curve constructor, after an ambient space is
+defined either explicitly or implicitly.
+
+EXAMPLES::
+
+    sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(QQ, 2)
+    sage: Curve([y - x^2], A)
+    Affine Plane Curve over Rational Field defined by -x^2 + y
+
+::
+
+    sage: P.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(GF(5), 2)
+    sage: Curve(y^2*z^7 - x^9 - x*z^8)
+    Projective Plane Curve over Finite Field of size 5
+     defined by -x^9 + y^2*z^7 - x*z^8
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- William Stein (2005-11-13)
+
+- David Kohel (2006-01)
+
+- Grayson Jorgenson (2016-06)
+"""
+# ********************************************************************
+#      Copyright (C) 2005 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#
+# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                 https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ********************************************************************
+
+from sage.categories.fields import Fields
+from sage.categories.number_fields import NumberFields
+
+from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial import MPolynomial
+from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_ring import MPolynomialRing_base
+from sage.rings.finite_rings.finite_field_base import FiniteField
+from sage.rings.rational_field import QQ
+
+from sage.structure.all import Sequence
+
+from sage.schemes.generic.ambient_space import AmbientSpace
+from sage.schemes.generic.algebraic_scheme import AlgebraicScheme
+from sage.schemes.affine.affine_space import AffineSpace, AffineSpace_generic
+from sage.schemes.projective.projective_space import ProjectiveSpace, ProjectiveSpace_ring
+from sage.schemes.plane_conics.constructor import Conic
+
+from .projective_curve import (ProjectiveCurve,
+                               ProjectivePlaneCurve,
+                               ProjectiveCurve_field,
+                               ProjectivePlaneCurve_field,
+                               ProjectivePlaneCurve_finite_field,
+                               IntegralProjectiveCurve,
+                               IntegralProjectiveCurve_finite_field,
+                               IntegralProjectivePlaneCurve,
+                               IntegralProjectivePlaneCurve_finite_field)
+
+from .affine_curve import (AffineCurve,
+                           AffinePlaneCurve,
+                           AffineCurve_field,
+                           AffinePlaneCurve_field,
+                           AffinePlaneCurve_finite_field,
+                           IntegralAffineCurve,
+                           IntegralAffineCurve_finite_field,
+                           IntegralAffinePlaneCurve,
+                           IntegralAffinePlaneCurve_finite_field)
+
+
+def _is_irreducible_and_reduced(F) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if the polynomial F is irreducible and reduced.
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: R.<x,y> = QQ[]
+        sage: F = x^2 + y^2
+        sage: from sage.schemes.curves.constructor import _is_irreducible_and_reduced
+        sage: _is_irreducible_and_reduced(F)
+        True
+    """
+    factors = F.factor()
+    return len(factors) == 1 and factors[0][1] == 1
+
+
+def Curve(F, A=None):
+    """
+    Return the plane or space curve defined by ``F``, where ``F`` can be either
+    a multivariate polynomial, a list or tuple of polynomials, or an algebraic
+    scheme.
+
+    If no ambient space is passed in for ``A``, and if ``F`` is not an
+    algebraic scheme, a new ambient space is constructed.
+
+    Also not specifying an ambient space will cause the curve to be defined in
+    either affine or projective space based on properties of ``F``. In
+    particular, if ``F`` contains a nonhomogeneous polynomial, the curve is
+    affine, and if ``F`` consists of homogeneous polynomials, then the curve is
+    projective.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``F`` -- a multivariate polynomial, or a list or tuple of polynomials, or an algebraic scheme
+
+    - ``A`` -- (default: ``None``) an ambient space in which to create the curve
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    A projective plane curve::
+
+        sage: x,y,z = QQ['x,y,z'].gens()
+        sage: C = Curve(x^3 + y^3 + z^3); C
+        Projective Plane Curve over Rational Field defined by x^3 + y^3 + z^3
+        sage: C.genus()
+        1
+
+    Affine plane curves.  ::
+
+        sage: x,y = GF(7)['x,y'].gens()
+        sage: C = Curve(y^2 + x^3 + x^10); C
+        Affine Plane Curve over Finite Field of size 7 defined by x^10 + x^3 + y^2
+        sage: C.genus()
+        0
+        sage: x, y = QQ['x,y'].gens()
+        sage: Curve(x^3 + y^3 + 1)
+        Affine Plane Curve over Rational Field defined by x^3 + y^3 + 1
+
+    A projective space curve.  ::
+
+        sage: x,y,z,w = QQ['x,y,z,w'].gens()
+        sage: C = Curve([x^3 + y^3 - z^3 - w^3, x^5 - y*z^4]); C
+        Projective Curve over Rational Field defined by x^3 + y^3 - z^3 - w^3, x^5 - y*z^4
+        sage: C.genus()
+        13
+
+    An affine space curve.  ::
+
+        sage: x,y,z = QQ['x,y,z'].gens()
+        sage: C = Curve([y^2 + x^3 + x^10 + z^7,  x^2 + y^2]); C
+        Affine Curve over Rational Field defined by x^10 + z^7 + x^3 + y^2, x^2 + y^2
+        sage: C.genus()
+        47
+
+    We can also make non-reduced non-irreducible curves.  ::
+
+        sage: x,y,z = QQ['x,y,z'].gens()
+        sage: Curve((x-y)*(x+y))
+        Projective Conic Curve over Rational Field defined by x^2 - y^2
+        sage: Curve((x-y)^2*(x+y)^2)
+        Projective Plane Curve over Rational Field defined by x^4 - 2*x^2*y^2 + y^4
+
+    A union of curves is a curve.  ::
+
+        sage: x,y,z = QQ['x,y,z'].gens()
+        sage: C = Curve(x^3 + y^3 + z^3)
+        sage: D = Curve(x^4 + y^4 + z^4)
+        sage: C.union(D)
+        Projective Plane Curve over Rational Field defined by
+        x^7 + x^4*y^3 + x^3*y^4 + y^7 + x^4*z^3 + y^4*z^3 + x^3*z^4 + y^3*z^4 + z^7
+
+    The intersection is not a curve, though it is a scheme.  ::
+
+        sage: X = C.intersection(D); X
+        Closed subscheme of Projective Space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
+         defined by: x^3 + y^3 + z^3,
+                     x^4 + y^4 + z^4
+
+    Note that the intersection has dimension 0.  ::
+
+        sage: X.dimension()
+        0
+        sage: I = X.defining_ideal(); I
+        Ideal (x^3 + y^3 + z^3, x^4 + y^4 + z^4) of
+         Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field
+
+    If only a polynomial in three variables is given, then it must be
+    homogeneous such that a projective curve is constructed.  ::
+
+        sage: x,y,z = QQ['x,y,z'].gens()
+        sage: Curve(x^2 + y^2)
+        Projective Conic Curve over Rational Field defined by x^2 + y^2
+        sage: Curve(x^2 + y^2 + z)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: x^2 + y^2 + z is not a homogeneous polynomial
+
+    An ambient space can be specified to construct a space curve in an affine
+    or a projective space.  ::
+
+        sage: A.<x,y,z> = AffineSpace(QQ, 3)
+        sage: C = Curve([y - x^2, z - x^3], A)
+        sage: C
+        Affine Curve over Rational Field defined by -x^2 + y, -x^3 + z
+        sage: A == C.ambient_space()
+        True
+
+    The defining polynomial must be nonzero unless the ambient space itself is
+    of dimension 1. ::
+
+        sage: P1.<x,y> = ProjectiveSpace(1, GF(5))
+        sage: S = P1.coordinate_ring()
+        sage: Curve(S(0), P1)
+        Projective Line over Finite Field of size 5
+        sage: Curve(P1)
+        Projective Line over Finite Field of size 5
+
+    An affine line::
+
+        sage: A1.<x> = AffineSpace(1, QQ)
+        sage: R = A1.coordinate_ring()
+        sage: Curve(R(0), A1)
+        Affine Line over Rational Field
+        sage: Curve(A1)
+        Affine Line over Rational Field
+
+    A projective line::
+
+        sage: R.<x> = QQ[]
+        sage: N.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 1)
+        sage: P1.<x,y> = ProjectiveSpace(N, 1)
+        sage: C = Curve(P1)
+        sage: C
+        Projective Line over Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 1
+        sage: C.geometric_genus()
+        0
+        sage: C.arithmetic_genus()
+        0
+    """
+    if A is None:
+        if isinstance(F, AmbientSpace) and F.dimension() == 1:
+            return Curve(F.coordinate_ring().zero(), F)
+
+        if isinstance(F, AlgebraicScheme):
+            return Curve(F.defining_polynomials(), F.ambient_space())
+
+        if isinstance(F, (list, tuple)):
+            P = Sequence(F).universe()
+            if not isinstance(P, MPolynomialRing_base):
+                raise TypeError("universe of F must be a multivariate polynomial ring")
+            for f in F:
+                if not f.is_homogeneous():
+                    A = AffineSpace(P.ngens(), P.base_ring(), names=P.variable_names())
+                    A._coordinate_ring = P
+                    break
+            else:
+                A = ProjectiveSpace(P.ngens() - 1, P.base_ring(), names=P.variable_names())
+                A._coordinate_ring = P
+        elif isinstance(F, MPolynomial):  # define a plane curve
+            P = F.parent()
+            k = F.base_ring()
+
+            if not k.is_field():
+                if k.is_integral_domain():  # upgrade to a field
+                    P = P.change_ring(k.fraction_field())
+                    F = P(F)
+                    k = F.base_ring()
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError("not a multivariate polynomial over a field or an integral domain")
+
+            if F.parent().ngens() == 2:
+                if F == 0:
+                    raise ValueError("defining polynomial of curve must be nonzero")
+                A = AffineSpace(2, P.base_ring(), names=P.variable_names())
+                A._coordinate_ring = P
+            elif F.parent().ngens() == 3:
+                if F == 0:
+                    raise ValueError("defining polynomial of curve must be nonzero")
+
+                # special case: construct a conic curve
+                if F.total_degree() == 2 and k.is_field():
+                    return Conic(k, F)
+
+                A = ProjectiveSpace(2, P.base_ring(), names=P.variable_names())
+                A._coordinate_ring = P
+            elif F.parent().ngens() == 1:
+                if not F.is_zero():
+                    raise ValueError("defining polynomial of curve must be zero "
+                                     "if the ambient space is of dimension 1")
+
+                A = AffineSpace(1, P.base_ring(), names=P.variable_names())
+                A._coordinate_ring = P
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("number of variables of F (={}) must be 2 or 3".format(F))
+            F = [F]
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("F (={}) must be a multivariate polynomial".format(F))
+    else:
+        if not isinstance(A, AmbientSpace):
+            raise TypeError("ambient space must be either an affine or projective space")
+        if not isinstance(F, (list, tuple)):
+            F = [F]
+        if not all(f.parent() == A.coordinate_ring() for f in F):
+            raise TypeError("need a list of polynomials of the coordinate ring of {}".format(A))
+
+    n = A.dimension_relative()
+    if n < 1:
+        raise TypeError("ambient space should be an affine or projective space of positive dimension")
+
+    k = A.base_ring()
+
+    if isinstance(A, AffineSpace_generic):
+        if n == 1:
+            if A.coordinate_ring().ideal(F).is_zero():
+                if isinstance(k, FiniteField):
+                    return IntegralAffineCurve_finite_field(A, F)
+                if k in Fields():
+                    return IntegralAffineCurve(A, F)
+                return AffineCurve(A, F)
+            raise TypeError(f"{F} does not define a curve in one-dimensional affine space")
+        if n != 2:
+            if isinstance(k, FiniteField):
+                if A.coordinate_ring().ideal(F).is_prime():
+                    return IntegralAffineCurve_finite_field(A, F)
+            if k in Fields():
+                if (k == QQ or k in NumberFields()) and A.coordinate_ring().ideal(F).is_prime():
+                    return IntegralAffineCurve(A, F)
+                return AffineCurve_field(A, F)
+            return AffineCurve(A, F)
+
+        if not (len(F) == 1 and F[0] != 0 and F[0].degree() > 0):
+            raise TypeError("need a single nonconstant polynomial to define a plane curve")
+
+        F = F[0]
+        if isinstance(k, FiniteField):
+            if _is_irreducible_and_reduced(F):
+                return IntegralAffinePlaneCurve_finite_field(A, F)
+            return AffinePlaneCurve_finite_field(A, F)
+        if k in Fields():
+            if (k == QQ or k in NumberFields()) and _is_irreducible_and_reduced(F):
+                return IntegralAffinePlaneCurve(A, F)
+            return AffinePlaneCurve_field(A, F)
+        return AffinePlaneCurve(A, F)
+
+    elif isinstance(A, ProjectiveSpace_ring):
+        if n == 1:
+            if A.coordinate_ring().ideal(F).is_zero():
+                if isinstance(k, FiniteField):
+                    return IntegralProjectiveCurve_finite_field(A, F)
+                if k in Fields():
+                    return IntegralProjectiveCurve(A, F)
+                return ProjectiveCurve(A, F)
+            raise TypeError(f"{F} does not define a curve in one-dimensional projective space")
+        if n != 2:
+            if not all(f.is_homogeneous() for f in F):
+                raise TypeError("polynomials defining a curve in a projective space must be homogeneous")
+            if isinstance(k, FiniteField):
+                if A.coordinate_ring().ideal(F).is_prime():
+                    return IntegralProjectiveCurve_finite_field(A, F)
+            if k in Fields():
+                if (k == QQ or k in NumberFields()) and A.coordinate_ring().ideal(F).is_prime():
+                    return IntegralProjectiveCurve(A, F)
+                return ProjectiveCurve_field(A, F)
+            return ProjectiveCurve(A, F)
+
+        # There is no dimension check when initializing a plane curve, so check
+        # here that F consists of a single nonconstant polynomial.
+        if not (len(F) == 1 and F[0] != 0 and F[0].degree() > 0):
+            raise TypeError("need a single nonconstant polynomial to define a plane curve")
+
+        F = F[0]
+        if not F.is_homogeneous():
+            raise TypeError("{} is not a homogeneous polynomial".format(F))
+
+        if isinstance(k, FiniteField):
+            if _is_irreducible_and_reduced(F):
+                return IntegralProjectivePlaneCurve_finite_field(A, F)
+            return ProjectivePlaneCurve_finite_field(A, F)
+        if k in Fields():
+            if (k == QQ or k in NumberFields()) and _is_irreducible_and_reduced(F):
+                return IntegralProjectivePlaneCurve(A, F)
+            return ProjectivePlaneCurve_field(A, F)
+        return ProjectivePlaneCurve(A, F)
+
+    else:
+        raise TypeError('ambient space neither affine nor projective')