passagemath-schemes 10.6.40__cp314-cp314-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/modular/pollack_stevens/modsym.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1593 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+# sage.doctest: needs eclib
+r"""
+Element class for Pollack-Stevens' modular symbols
+
+This is the class of elements in the spaces of Pollack-Steven's modular symbols as described in [PS2011]_.
+
+EXAMPLES::
+
+    sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+    sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol(); phi
+    Modular symbol of level 11 with values in Sym^0 Q^2
+    sage: phi.weight() # Note that weight k=2 of a modular form corresponds here to weight 0
+    0
+    sage: phi.values()
+    [-1/5, 1, 0]
+    sage: phi.is_ordinary(11)
+    True
+    sage: phi_lift = phi.lift(11, 5, eigensymbol = True) # long time
+    sage: phi_lift.padic_lseries().series(5) # long time
+    O(11^5) + (10 + 3*11 + 6*11^2 + 9*11^3 + O(11^4))*T + (6 + 3*11 + 2*11^2 + O(11^3))*T^2 + (2 + 2*11 + O(11^2))*T^3 + (5 + O(11))*T^4 + O(T^5)
+
+::
+
+    sage: A = ModularSymbols(Gamma1(8),4).decomposition()[0].plus_submodule().new_subspace()
+    sage: from sage.modular.pollack_stevens.space import ps_modsym_from_simple_modsym_space
+    sage: phi = ps_modsym_from_simple_modsym_space(A)
+    sage: phi.values()
+    [(-1, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (-9, -6, -4)]
+"""
+# ****************************************************************************
+#        Copyright (C) 2012 Robert Pollack <rpollack@math.bu.edu>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+#  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# *****************************************************************************
+
+import operator
+try:
+    from typing import Self  # type: ignore (Python >= 3.11)
+except ImportError:
+    from typing_extensions import Self  # type: ignore (Python 3.10)
+
+from sage.arith.misc import gcd, kronecker, next_prime
+from sage.categories.action import Action
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+from sage.misc.verbose import verbose
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+from sage.rings.padics.precision_error import PrecisionError
+from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_ring_constructor import PolynomialRing
+from sage.rings.rational_field import QQ
+from sage.structure.element import ModuleElement
+from sage.structure.richcmp import op_EQ, op_NE
+
+lazy_import('sage.rings.padics.factory', 'Qp')
+lazy_import('sage.rings.padics.padic_generic', 'pAdicGeneric')
+
+from .fund_domain import M2Z
+from .manin_map import ManinMap
+from .sigma0 import Sigma0
+
+minusproj = [1, 0, 0, -1]
+
+
+def _iterate_Up(Phi, p, M, ap, q, aq, check):
+    r"""
+    Return an overconvergent Hecke-eigensymbol lifting ``self`` -- ``self``
+    must be a `p`-ordinary eigensymbol.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``p`` -- prime
+
+    - ``M`` -- integer equal to the number of moments
+
+    - ``ap`` -- Hecke eigenvalue at `p`
+
+    - ``q`` -- prime
+
+    - ``aq`` -- Hecke eigenvalue at `q`
+
+    OUTPUT: Hecke-eigenvalue overconvergent modular symbol lifting ``self``
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: E = EllipticCurve('57a')
+        sage: p = 5
+        sage: prec = 4
+        sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+        sage: phi_stabilized = phi.p_stabilize(p,M = prec)
+        sage: Phi = phi_stabilized.lift(p,prec) # indirect doctest
+    """
+    if ap.valuation(p) > 0:
+        raise ValueError("Lifting non-ordinary eigensymbols not implemented (issue #20)")
+
+    # Act by Hecke to ensure values are in D and not D^dag after solving difference equation
+    verbose("Applying Hecke", level=2)
+
+    apinv = ~ap
+    Phi = apinv * Phi.hecke(p)
+
+    # Killing eisenstein part
+    verbose("Killing eisenstein part with q = %s" % q, level=2)
+    k = Phi.parent().weight()
+    Phi = ((q ** (k + 1) + 1) * Phi - Phi.hecke(q))
+
+    # Iterating U_p
+    verbose("Iterating U_p", level=2)
+    Psi = apinv * Phi.hecke(p)
+
+    for attempts in range(M - 1):
+        verbose("%s attempt (val = %s/%s)" % (attempts + 1,(Phi-Psi).valuation(),M), level=2)
+        Phi = Psi
+        Psi = apinv * Phi.hecke(p)
+        Psi._normalize()
+    return ~(q ** (k + 1) + 1 - aq) * Phi
+
+
+class PSModSymAction(Action):
+    def __init__(self, actor, MSspace):
+        r"""
+        Create the action.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: g = phi._map._codomain._act._Sigma0(matrix(ZZ,2,2,[1,2,3,4]))
+            sage: phi * g # indirect doctest
+            Modular symbol of level 11 with values in Sym^0 Q^2
+        """
+
+        Action.__init__(self, actor, MSspace, False, operator.mul)
+
+    def _act_(self, g, sym):
+        r"""
+        Return the result of ``sym * g``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: g = phi._map._codomain._act._Sigma0(matrix(ZZ,2,2,[2,1,5,-1]))
+            sage: phi * g # indirect doctest
+            Modular symbol of level 11 with values in Sym^0 Q^2
+        """
+
+        return sym.__class__(sym._map * g, sym.parent(), construct=True)
+
+
+class PSModularSymbolElement(ModuleElement):
+    def __init__(self, map_data, parent, construct=False):
+        r"""
+        Initialize a modular symbol.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+        """
+        ModuleElement.__init__(self, parent)
+        if construct:
+            self._map = map_data
+        else:
+            self._map = ManinMap(parent._coefficients, parent._source, map_data)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the string representation of the symbol.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi._repr_()
+            'Modular symbol of level 11 with values in Sym^0 Q^2'
+        """
+        return "Modular symbol of level %s with values in %s" % (self.parent().level(), self.parent().coefficient_module())
+
+    def dict(self):
+        r"""
+        Return dictionary on the modular symbol ``self``, where keys are
+        generators and values are the corresponding values of ``self`` on
+        generators.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: Set([x.moment(0) for x in phi.dict().values()]) == Set([-1/5, 1, 0])
+            True
+        """
+        D = {}
+        for g in self.parent().source().gens():
+            D[g] = self._map[g]
+        return D
+
+    def weight(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the weight of this Pollack-Stevens modular symbol.
+
+        This is `k-2`, where `k` is the usual notion of weight for modular
+        forms!
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.weight()
+            0
+        """
+        return self.parent().weight()
+
+    def values(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the values of the symbol ``self`` on our chosen generators.
+
+        The generators are listed in ``self.dict()``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: sorted(phi.dict())
+            [
+            [-1 -1]  [ 0 -1]  [1 0]
+            [ 3  2], [ 1  3], [0 1]
+            ]
+            sage: sorted(phi.values()) == sorted(phi.dict().values())
+            True
+        """
+        return [self._map[g] for g in self.parent().source().gens()]
+
+    def _normalize(self, **kwds) -> Self:
+        """
+        Normalize all of the values of the symbol ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi._normalize()
+            Modular symbol of level 11 with values in Sym^0 Q^2
+            sage: phi._normalize().values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+        """
+        for val in self._map:
+            val.normalize(**kwds)
+        return self
+
+    def _richcmp_(self, other, op):
+        """
+        Check if ``self == other``.
+
+        Here ``self`` and ``other`` have the same parent.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi == phi
+            True
+            sage: phi == 2*phi
+            False
+            sage: psi = EllipticCurve('37a').pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: psi == phi
+            False
+        """
+        if op not in [op_EQ, op_NE]:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        b = all(self._map[g] == other._map[g]
+                for g in self.parent().source().gens())
+
+        return b == (op == op_EQ)
+
+    def _add_(self, right):
+        """
+        Return ``self + right``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: phi + phi
+            Modular symbol of level 11 with values in Sym^0 Q^2
+            sage: (phi + phi).values()
+            [-2/5, 2, 0]
+        """
+        return self.__class__(self._map + right._map, self.parent(), construct=True)
+
+    def _lmul_(self, right):
+        """
+        Return ``self * right``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: 2*phi
+            Modular symbol of level 11 with values in Sym^0 Q^2
+            sage: (2*phi).values()
+            [-2/5, 2, 0]
+        """
+        return self.__class__(self._map * right, self.parent(), construct=True)
+
+    def _rmul_(self, right):
+        """
+        Return ``self * right``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: phi*2
+            Modular symbol of level 11 with values in Sym^0 Q^2
+            sage: (phi*2).values()
+            [-2/5, 2, 0]
+        """
+        return self.__class__(self._map * right, self.parent(), construct=True)
+
+    def _sub_(self, right):
+        """
+        Return ``self - right``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: phi - phi
+            Modular symbol of level 11 with values in Sym^0 Q^2
+            sage: (phi - phi).values()
+            [0, 0, 0]
+        """
+        return self.__class__(self._map - right._map, self.parent(), construct=True)
+
+    def _get_prime(self, p=None, alpha=None, allow_none=False):
+        """
+        Combine a prime specified by the user with the prime from the parent.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- integer or ``None`` (default: ``None``); if specified
+          needs to match the prime of the parent
+
+        - ``alpha`` -- an element or None (default: ``None``); if `p`-adic
+          can contribute a prime
+
+        - ``allow_none`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); whether to allow
+          no prime to be specified
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - a prime or ``None``.  If ``allow_none`` is ``False`` then a
+          :exc:`ValueError` will be raised rather than returning ``None``
+          if no prime can be determined.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.modular.pollack_stevens.distributions import Symk
+            sage: D = OverconvergentDistributions(0, 5, 10)
+            sage: M = PollackStevensModularSymbols(Gamma0(5), coefficients=D)
+            sage: f = M(1); f._get_prime()
+            5
+            sage: f._get_prime(5)
+            5
+            sage: f._get_prime(7)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: inconsistent prime
+            sage: f._get_prime(alpha=Qp(5)(1))
+            5
+            sage: D = Symk(0)
+            sage: M = PollackStevensModularSymbols(Gamma0(2), coefficients=D)
+            sage: f = M(1); f._get_prime(allow_none=True) is None
+            True
+            sage: f._get_prime(alpha=Qp(7)(1))
+            7
+            sage: f._get_prime(7,alpha=Qp(7)(1))
+            7
+            sage: f._get_prime()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: you must specify a prime
+        """
+        pp = self.parent().prime()
+        ppp = ((alpha is not None) and hasattr(alpha.parent(), 'prime')
+               and alpha.parent().prime()) or None
+        p = ZZ(p) or pp or ppp
+        if not p:
+            if not allow_none:
+                raise ValueError("you must specify a prime")
+        elif (pp and p != pp) or (ppp and p != ppp):
+            raise ValueError("inconsistent prime")
+        return p
+
+    def plus_part(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the plus part of ``self`` -- i.e.
+        ``self + self | [1,0,0,-1]``.
+
+        Note that we haven't divided by 2.  Is this a problem?
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: (phi.plus_part()+phi.minus_part()) == 2 * phi
+            True
+        """
+        S0N = Sigma0(self.parent().level())
+        return self + self * S0N(minusproj)
+
+    def minus_part(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the minus part of self -- i.e. self - self | [1,0,0,-1]
+
+        Note that we haven't divided by 2.  Is this a problem?
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - self -- self | [1,0,0,-1]
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: (phi.plus_part()+phi.minus_part()) == phi * 2
+            True
+        """
+        S0N = Sigma0(self.parent().level())
+        return self - self * S0N(minusproj)
+
+    def hecke(self, ell, algorithm='prep'):
+        r"""
+        Return ``self`` | `T_{\ell}` by making use of the precomputations in
+        ``self.prep_hecke()``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``ell`` -- a prime
+
+        - ``algorithm`` -- string, either 'prep' (default) or
+          'naive'
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - The image of this element under the Hecke operator
+          `T_{\ell}`
+
+        ALGORITHMS:
+
+        - If ``algorithm == 'prep'``, precomputes a list of matrices
+          that only depend on the level, then uses them to speed up
+          the action.
+
+        - If ``algorithm == 'naive'``, just acts by the matrices
+          defining the Hecke operator.  That is, it computes
+          sum_a self | [1,a,0,ell] + self | [ell,0,0,1],
+          the last term occurring only if the level is prime to ell.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: phi.hecke(2) == phi * E.ap(2)
+            True
+            sage: phi.hecke(3) == phi * E.ap(3)
+            True
+            sage: phi.hecke(5) == phi * E.ap(5)
+            True
+            sage: phi.hecke(101) == phi * E.ap(101)
+            True
+
+            sage: all(phi.hecke(p, algorithm='naive') == phi * E.ap(p) for p in [2,3,5,101]) # long time
+            True
+        """
+        return self.__class__(self._map.hecke(ell, algorithm),
+                                  self.parent(), construct=True)
+
+    def valuation(self, p=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the valuation of ``self`` at `p`.
+
+        Here the valuation is the minimum of the valuations of the
+        values of ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- prime
+
+        OUTPUT: the valuation of ``self`` at `p`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+           sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+           sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+           sage: phi.values()
+           [-1/5, 1, 0]
+           sage: phi.valuation(2)
+           0
+           sage: phi.valuation(3)
+           0
+           sage: phi.valuation(5)
+           -1
+           sage: phi.valuation(7)
+           0
+           sage: phi.valuation()
+           Traceback (most recent call last):
+           ...
+           ValueError: you must specify a prime
+
+           sage: phi2 = phi.lift(11, M=2)
+           sage: phi2.valuation()
+           0
+           sage: phi2.valuation(3)
+           Traceback (most recent call last):
+           ...
+           ValueError: inconsistent prime
+           sage: phi2.valuation(11)
+           0
+        """
+        q = self._get_prime(p)
+        return min([val.valuation(q) for val in self._map])
+
+    def diagonal_valuation(self, p):
+        """
+        Return the minimum of the diagonal valuation on the values of ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- a positive integral prime
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: phi.diagonal_valuation(2)
+            0
+            sage: phi.diagonal_valuation(3)
+            0
+            sage: phi.diagonal_valuation(5)
+            -1
+            sage: phi.diagonal_valuation(7)
+            0
+        """
+        return min([val.diagonal_valuation(p) for val in self._map])
+
+    @cached_method
+    def is_Tq_eigensymbol(self, q, p=None, M=None):
+        r"""
+        Determine if ``self`` is an eigenvector for `T_q` modulo `p^M`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``q`` -- prime of the Hecke operator
+
+        - ``p`` -- prime we are working modulo
+
+        - ``M`` -- degree of accuracy of approximation
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: phi_ord = phi.p_stabilize(p = 3, ap = E.ap(3), M = 10, ordinary = True)
+            sage: phi_ord.is_Tq_eigensymbol(2,3,10)
+            True
+            sage: phi_ord.is_Tq_eigensymbol(2,3,100)
+            False
+            sage: phi_ord.is_Tq_eigensymbol(2,3,1000)
+            False
+            sage: phi_ord.is_Tq_eigensymbol(3,3,10)
+            True
+            sage: phi_ord.is_Tq_eigensymbol(3,3,100)
+            False
+        """
+        try:
+            self.Tq_eigenvalue(q, p, M)
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+    # what happens if a cached method raises an error?  Is it
+    # recomputed each time?
+    @cached_method
+    def Tq_eigenvalue(self, q, p=None, M=None, check=True):
+        r"""
+        Eigenvalue of `T_q` modulo `p^M`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``q`` -- prime of the Hecke operator
+
+        - ``p`` -- prime we are working modulo (default: ``None``)
+
+        - ``M`` -- degree of accuracy of approximation (default: ``None``)
+
+        - ``check`` -- check that ``self`` is an eigensymbol
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - Constant `c` such that `self|T_q - c * self` has valuation greater than
+          or equal to `M` (if it exists), otherwise raises ValueError
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.values()
+            [-1/5, 1, 0]
+            sage: phi_ord = phi.p_stabilize(p = 3, ap = E.ap(3), M = 10, ordinary = True)
+            sage: phi_ord.Tq_eigenvalue(2,3,10) + 2
+            O(3^10)
+
+            sage: phi_ord.Tq_eigenvalue(3,3,10)
+            2 + 3^2 + 2*3^3 + 2*3^4 + 2*3^6 + 3^8 + 2*3^9 + O(3^10)
+            sage: phi_ord.Tq_eigenvalue(3,3,100)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: result not determined to high enough precision
+        """
+        qhecke = self.hecke(q)
+        gens = self.parent().source().gens()
+        if p is None:
+            p = self.parent().prime()
+        i = 0
+
+        g = gens[i]
+        verbose("Computing eigenvalue", level=2)
+        while self._map[g].moment(0).is_zero():
+            if not qhecke._map[g].moment(0).is_zero():
+                raise ValueError("not a scalar multiple")
+            i += 1
+            try:
+                g = gens[i]
+            except IndexError:
+                raise ValueError("self is zero")
+        aq = self.parent().base_ring()(self._map[g].find_scalar_from_zeroth_moment(qhecke._map[g], p, M, check))
+
+        verbose("Found eigenvalues of %s" % aq, level=2)
+        if check:
+            verbose("Checking that this is actually an eigensymbol", level=2)
+            if p is None or M is None or not ZZ(p).is_prime():
+                for g in gens[1:]:
+                    try:
+                        if not (qhecke._map[g] - aq * self._map[g]).is_zero():
+                            # using != did not work
+                            raise ValueError("not a scalar multiple")
+                    except PrecisionError:
+                        if qhecke._map[g] != aq * self._map[g]:
+                            raise ValueError("not a scalar multiple")
+            else:
+                verbose('p = %s, M = %s' % (p, M), level=2)
+                if qhecke != aq * self:
+                    raise ValueError("not a scalar multiple")
+        # if not aq.parent().is_exact() and M is not None:
+        #     aq.add_bigoh(M)
+        return aq
+
+    def is_ordinary(self, p=None, P=None) -> bool:
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if the `p`-th eigenvalue is a `p`-adic unit.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- a positive integral prime, or ``None`` (default: ``None``)
+        - ``P`` -- a prime of the base ring above `p`, or ``None``.
+          This is ignored unless the base ring is a number field
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a1')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi.is_ordinary(2)
+            False
+            sage: E.ap(2)
+            -2
+            sage: phi.is_ordinary(3)
+            True
+            sage: E.ap(3)
+            -1
+            sage: phip = phi.p_stabilize(3,20)
+            sage: phip.is_ordinary()
+            True
+
+        A number field example. Here there are multiple primes above `p`, and
+        `\phi` is ordinary at one but not the other.::
+
+            sage: from sage.modular.pollack_stevens.space import ps_modsym_from_simple_modsym_space
+            sage: f = Newforms(32, 8, names='a')[1]
+            sage: phi = ps_modsym_from_simple_modsym_space(f.modular_symbols(1))
+            sage: (p1, _), (p2, _) = phi.base_ring().ideal(3).factor()
+            sage: phi.is_ordinary(p1) != phi.is_ordinary(p2)
+            True
+            sage: phi.is_ordinary(3)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            TypeError: P must be an ideal
+        """
+        # q is the prime below p, if base is a number field; q = p otherwise
+        if p is None:
+            if self.parent().prime() == 0:
+                raise ValueError("need to specify a prime")
+            q = p = self.parent().prime()
+        elif p in ZZ:
+            q = p
+        else:
+            q = p.smallest_integer()
+        if not q.is_prime():
+            raise ValueError("p is not prime")
+        if (self.parent().prime() != q) and (self.parent().prime() != 0):
+            raise ValueError("prime does not match coefficient module's prime")
+        aq = self.Tq_eigenvalue(q)
+        return aq.valuation(p) == 0
+
+    def evaluate_twisted(self, a, chi):
+        r"""
+        Return `\Phi_{\chi}(\{a/p\}-\{\infty\})` where `\Phi` is ``self`` and
+        `\chi` is a quadratic character
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``a`` -- integer in the range range(p)
+        - ``chi`` -- the modulus of a quadratic character
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        The distribution `\Phi_{\chi}(\{a/p\}-\{\infty\})`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('17a1')
+            sage: L = E.padic_lseries(5, implementation='pollackstevens', precision=4) #long time
+            sage: D = L.quadratic_twist()          # long time
+            sage: L.symbol().evaluate_twisted(1,D) # long time
+            (1 + 5 + 3*5^2 + 5^3 + O(5^4), 5^2 + O(5^3), 1 + O(5^2), 2 + O(5))
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('40a4')
+            sage: L = E.padic_lseries(7, implementation='pollackstevens', precision=4) #long time
+            sage: D = L.quadratic_twist()          # long time
+            sage: L.symbol().evaluate_twisted(1,D) # long time
+            (4 + 6*7 + 3*7^2 + O(7^4), 6*7 + 6*7^2 + O(7^3), 6 + O(7^2), 1 + O(7))
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Check for :issue:`32878`::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a1')
+            sage: L = E.padic_lseries(3, implementation='pollackstevens', precision=4)
+            sage: D = 5
+            sage: L.symbol().evaluate_twisted(1, D)
+            (2 + 3 + 2*3^2 + O(3^4), 2 + 3 + O(3^3), 2 + 3 + O(3^2), 2 + O(3))
+        """
+        p = self.parent().prime()
+        S0p = Sigma0(p)
+        Dists = self.parent().coefficient_module()
+        M = Dists.precision_cap()
+        p = Dists.prime()
+        twisted_dist = Dists.zero()
+        m_map = self._map
+        for b in range(1, abs(chi) + 1):
+            if gcd(b, chi) == 1:
+                M1 = S0p([1, (b / abs(chi)) % p**M, 0, 1])
+                new_dist = m_map(M2Z([a * abs(chi) + p * b,
+                                      1, p * abs(chi), 0])) * M1
+                new_dist = new_dist.scale(kronecker(chi, b)).normalize()
+                twisted_dist += new_dist
+        return twisted_dist.normalize()
+
+    def _consistency_check(self):
+        """
+        Check that the map really does satisfy the Manin relations loop (for debugging).
+        The two and three torsion relations are checked and it is checked that the symbol
+        adds up correctly around the fundamental domain
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a1')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi._consistency_check()
+            This modular symbol satisfies the Manin relations
+        """
+        f = self._map
+        MR = self._map._manin
+        # Test two torsion relations
+        for g in MR.reps_with_two_torsion():
+            gamg = MR.two_torsion_matrix(g)
+            if not (f[g] * gamg + f[g]).is_zero():
+                raise ValueError("Two torsion relation failed with", g)
+
+        # Test three torsion relations
+        for g in MR.reps_with_three_torsion():
+            gamg = MR.three_torsion_matrix(g)
+            if not (f[g] * (gamg ** 2) + f[g] * gamg + f[g]).is_zero():
+                raise ValueError("Three torsion relation failed with", g)
+
+        # Test that the symbol adds to 0 around the boundary of the
+        # fundamental domain
+        t = self.parent().coefficient_module().zero()
+        for g in MR.gens()[1:]:
+            if not (g in MR.reps_with_two_torsion()
+                    or g in MR.reps_with_three_torsion()):
+                t += f[g] * MR.gammas[g] - f[g]
+            elif g in MR.reps_with_two_torsion():
+                t -= f[g]
+            else:
+                t -= f[g]   # what ?? same thing ??
+
+        id = MR.gens()[0]
+        if f[id] * MR.gammas[id] - f[id] != -t:
+            print(t)
+            print(f[id] * MR.gammas[id] - f[id])
+            raise ValueError("does not add up correctly around loop")
+
+        print("This modular symbol satisfies the Manin relations")
+
+
+class PSModularSymbolElement_symk(PSModularSymbolElement):
+    def _find_alpha(self, p, k, M=None, ap=None, new_base_ring=None, ordinary=True, check=True, find_extraprec=True):
+        r"""
+        Find `\alpha`, a `U_p` eigenvalue, which is found as a root of
+        the polynomial `x^2 - a_p * x + p^{k+1} \chi(p)`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- prime
+
+        - ``k`` -- Pollack-Stevens weight
+
+        - ``M`` -- precision (default: ``None``); of `\QQ_p`
+
+        - ``ap`` -- Hecke eigenvalue at `p` (default: ``None``)
+
+        - ``new_base_ring`` -- field of definition of `\alpha` (default: ``None``)
+
+        - ``ordinary`` -- ``True`` if the prime is ordinary (default: ``True``)
+
+        - ``check`` -- check to see if the prime is ordinary (default: ``True``)
+
+        - ``find_extraprec`` -- setting this to ``True`` finds extra precision
+          (default: ``True``)
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        The output is a tuple (``alpha``, ``new_base_ring``, ``newM``,
+        ``eisenloss``, ``q``,``aq``), with
+
+        - ``alpha`` -- `U_p` eigenvalue
+
+        - ``new_base_ring`` -- field of definition of `\alpha` with precision at least ``newM``
+
+        - ``newM`` -- new precision
+
+        - ``eisenloss`` -- loss of precision
+
+        - ``q`` -- a prime not equal to `p` which was used to find extra precision
+
+        - ``aq`` -- the Hecke eigenvalue `a_q` corresponding to `q`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: p = 5
+            sage: M = 10
+            sage: k = 0
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phi._find_alpha(p,k,M)
+            (1 + 4*5 + 3*5^2 + 2*5^3 + 4*5^4 + 4*5^5 + 4*5^6 + 3*5^7 + 2*5^8 + 3*5^9 + 3*5^10 + 3*5^12 + 2*5^13 + O(5^14), 5-adic Field with capped relative precision 14, 13, 1, 2, -2)
+        """
+        if ap is None:
+            ap = self.Tq_eigenvalue(p, check=check)
+        if check and ap.valuation(p) > 0:
+            raise ValueError("p is not ordinary")
+
+        chi = self._map._codomain._character
+        if chi is not None:
+            eps = chi(p)
+        else:
+            eps = 1
+        poly = PolynomialRing(ap.parent(), 'x')([p ** (k + 1) * eps, -ap, 1])
+        if new_base_ring is None:
+            # These should actually be completions of disc.parent()
+            if p == 2:
+                # is this the right precision adjustment for p=2?
+                new_base_ring = Qp(2, M + 1)
+            else:
+                new_base_ring = Qp(p, M)
+            set_padicbase = True
+        else:
+            set_padicbase = False
+        try:
+            verbose("finding alpha: rooting %s in %s" % (poly, new_base_ring), level=2)
+            poly = poly.change_ring(new_base_ring)
+            (v0, e0), (v1, e1) = poly.roots()
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise ValueError("new base ring must contain a root of x^2 - ap * x + p^(k+1)")
+        if v0.valuation(p) > 0:
+            v0, v1 = v1, v0
+        if ordinary:
+            alpha = v0
+        else:
+            alpha = v1
+        if find_extraprec:
+            newM, eisenloss, q, aq = self._find_extraprec(p, M, alpha, check)
+        else:
+            newM, eisenloss, q, aq = M, None, None, None
+        if set_padicbase:
+            # We want to ensure that the relative precision of alpha
+            # and (alpha-1) are both at least *newM*, where newM is
+            # obtained from self._find_extraprec
+            prec_cap = None
+            verbose("testing prec_rel: newM = %s, alpha = %s" % (newM, alpha),
+                    level=2)
+            if alpha.precision_relative() < newM:
+                prec_cap = newM + alpha.valuation(p) + (1 if p == 2 else 0)
+            if ordinary:
+                a1val = (alpha - 1).valuation(p)
+                verbose("a1val = %s" % a1val, level=2)
+                if a1val > 0 and ap != 1 + p ** (k + 1):
+                    # if ap = 1 + p**(k+1) then alpha=1 and we need to give up.
+                    if prec_cap is None:
+                        prec_cap = newM + a1val + (1 if p == 2 else 0)
+                    else:
+                        prec_cap = max(prec_cap, newM + a1val + (1 if p == 2 else 0))
+            verbose("prec_cap = %s" % prec_cap, level=2)
+            if prec_cap is not None:
+                new_base_ring = Qp(p, prec_cap)
+                return self._find_alpha(p=p, k=k, M=M, ap=ap, new_base_ring=new_base_ring, ordinary=ordinary, check=False, find_extraprec=find_extraprec)
+        return alpha, new_base_ring, newM, eisenloss, q, aq
+
+    def p_stabilize(self, p=None, M=20, alpha=None, ap=None, new_base_ring=None, ordinary=True, check=True):
+        r"""
+        Return the `p`-stabilization of ``self`` to level `N p` on which `U_p`
+        acts by `\alpha`.
+
+        Note that since `\alpha` is `p`-adic, the resulting symbol
+        is just an approximation to the true `p`-stabilization
+        (depending on how well `\alpha` is approximated).
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- prime not dividing the level of self
+
+        - ``M`` -- (default: 20) precision of `\QQ_p`
+
+        - ``alpha`` -- `U_p` eigenvalue
+
+        - ``ap`` -- Hecke eigenvalue
+
+        - ``new_base_ring`` -- change of base ring
+
+        - ``ordinary`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); whether to return the
+          ordinary (at ``p``) eigensymbol
+
+        - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); whether to perform extra
+          sanity checks
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A modular symbol with the same Hecke eigenvalues as
+        ``self`` away from `p` and eigenvalue `\alpha` at `p`.
+        The eigenvalue `\alpha` depends on the parameter ``ordinary``.
+
+        If ``ordinary`` == True: the unique modular symbol of level
+        `N p` with the same Hecke eigenvalues as ``self`` away from
+        `p` and unit eigenvalue at `p`; else  the unique modular
+        symbol of level `N p` with the same Hecke eigenvalues as
+        ``self`` away from `p` and non-unit eigenvalue at `p`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: p = 5
+            sage: prec = 4
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: phis = phi.p_stabilize(p,M = prec)
+            sage: phis
+            Modular symbol of level 55 with values in Sym^0 Q_5^2
+            sage: phis.hecke(7) == phis*E.ap(7)
+            True
+            sage: phis.hecke(5) == phis*E.ap(5)
+            False
+            sage: phis.hecke(3) == phis*E.ap(3)
+            True
+            sage: phis.Tq_eigenvalue(5)
+            1 + 4*5 + 3*5^2 + 2*5^3 + O(5^4)
+            sage: phis.Tq_eigenvalue(5,M = 3)
+            1 + 4*5 + 3*5^2 + O(5^3)
+
+            sage: phis = phi.p_stabilize(p,M = prec,ordinary=False)
+            sage: phis.Tq_eigenvalue(5)
+            5 + 5^2 + 2*5^3 + O(5^5)
+
+        A complicated example (with nontrivial character)::
+
+            sage: chi = DirichletGroup(24)([-1, -1, -1])
+            sage: f = Newforms(chi,names='a')[0]
+            sage: from sage.modular.pollack_stevens.space import ps_modsym_from_simple_modsym_space
+            sage: phi = ps_modsym_from_simple_modsym_space(f.modular_symbols(1))
+            sage: phi11, h11 = phi.completions(11,20)[0]
+            sage: phi11s = phi11.p_stabilize()
+            sage: phi11s.is_Tq_eigensymbol(11) # long time
+            True
+        """
+        if check:
+            p = self._get_prime(p, alpha)
+        k = self.parent().weight()
+        M = ZZ(M)
+        verbose("p stabilizing: M = %s" % M, level=2)
+        if alpha is None:
+            alpha, new_base_ring, newM, eisenloss, q, aq = self._find_alpha(p, k, M + 1, ap, new_base_ring, ordinary, check, find_extraprec=False)
+            new_base_ring = Qp(p, M) if p != 2 else Qp(p, M + 1)
+        else:
+            if new_base_ring is None:
+                new_base_ring = alpha.parent()
+            if check:
+                if ap is None:
+                    ap = self.base_ring()(alpha + p ** (k + 1) / alpha)
+                elif alpha ** 2 - ap * alpha + p ** (k + 1) != 0:
+                    raise ValueError("alpha must be a root of x^2 - a_p*x + p^(k+1)")
+                if self.hecke(p) != ap * self:
+                    raise ValueError("alpha must be a root of x^2 - a_p*x + p^(k+1)")
+        verbose("found alpha = %s" % alpha, level=2)
+
+        V = self.parent()._p_stabilize_parent_space(p, new_base_ring)
+        return self.__class__(self._map.p_stabilize(p, alpha, V), V, construct=True)
+
+    def completions(self, p, M):
+        r"""
+        If `K` is the base_ring of self, this function takes all maps
+        `K\to \QQ_p` and applies them to ``self`` return a list of
+        (modular symbol,map: `K\to \QQ_p`) as map varies over all such maps.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            This only returns all completions when `p` splits completely in `K`
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- prime
+
+        - ``M`` -- precision
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - A list of tuples (modular symbol,map: `K\to \QQ_p`) as map varies over all such maps
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.modular.pollack_stevens.space import ps_modsym_from_simple_modsym_space
+            sage: D = ModularSymbols(67,2,1).cuspidal_submodule().new_subspace().decomposition()[1]
+            sage: f = ps_modsym_from_simple_modsym_space(D)
+            sage: S = f.completions(41,10); S
+            [(Modular symbol of level 67 with values in Sym^0 Q_41^2, Ring morphism:
+              From: Number Field in alpha with defining polynomial x^2 + 3*x + 1
+              To:   41-adic Field with capped relative precision 10
+              Defn: alpha |--> 5 + 22*41 + 19*41^2 + 10*41^3 + 28*41^4 + 22*41^5 + 9*41^6 + 25*41^7 + 40*41^8 + 8*41^9 + O(41^10)), (Modular symbol of level 67 with values in Sym^0 Q_41^2, Ring morphism:
+              From: Number Field in alpha with defining polynomial x^2 + 3*x + 1
+              To:   41-adic Field with capped relative precision 10
+              Defn: alpha |--> 33 + 18*41 + 21*41^2 + 30*41^3 + 12*41^4 + 18*41^5 + 31*41^6 + 15*41^7 + 32*41^9 + O(41^10))]
+            sage: TestSuite(S[0][0]).run(skip=['_test_category'])
+        """
+        K = self.base_ring()
+        R = Qp(p, M + 10)['x']
+        x = R.gen()
+        if K == QQ:
+            f = x - 1
+        else:
+            f = K.defining_polynomial()
+        v = R(f).roots()
+        if len(v) == 0:
+            L = Qp(p, M).extension(f, names='a')
+            # a = L.gen()
+            V = self.parent().change_ring(L)
+            Dist = V.coefficient_module()
+            psi = K.hom([K.gen()], L)
+            embedded_sym = self.parent().element_class(self._map.apply(psi, codomain=Dist, to_moments=True), V, construct=True)
+            return [embedded_sym, psi]
+        else:
+            roots = [r[0] for r in v]
+            ans = []
+            V = self.parent().change_ring(Qp(p, M))
+            Dist = V.coefficient_module()
+            for r in roots:
+                psi = K.hom([r], Qp(p, M))
+                embedded_sym = self.parent().element_class(self._map.apply(psi, codomain=Dist, to_moments=True), V, construct=True)
+                ans.append((embedded_sym, psi))
+            return ans
+
+    def lift(self, p=None, M=None, alpha=None, new_base_ring=None,
+             algorithm=None, eigensymbol=False, check=True):
+        r"""
+        Return a (`p`-adic) overconvergent modular symbol with
+        `M` moments which lifts ``self`` up to an Eisenstein error.
+
+        Here the Eisenstein error is a symbol whose system of Hecke
+        eigenvalues equals `\ell+1` for `T_\ell` when `\ell`
+        does not divide `Np` and 1 for `U_q` when `q` divides `Np`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- prime
+
+        - ``M`` -- integer equal to the number of moments
+
+        - ``alpha`` -- `U_p` eigenvalue
+
+        - ``new_base_ring`` -- change of base ring
+
+        - ``algorithm`` -- ``'stevens'`` or ``'greenberg'`` (default:
+          ``'stevens'``)
+
+        - ``eigensymbol`` -- if ``True``, lifts to Hecke eigensymbol (self must
+          be a `p`-ordinary eigensymbol)
+
+        (Note: ``eigensymbol = True`` does *not* just indicate to the code that
+        ``self`` is an eigensymbol; it solves a wholly different problem, lifting
+        an eigensymbol to an eigensymbol.)
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        An overconvergent modular symbol whose specialization equals self, up
+        to some Eisenstein error if ``eigensymbol`` is False. If ``eigensymbol
+        = True`` then the output will be an overconvergent Hecke eigensymbol
+        (and it will lift the input exactly, the Eisenstein error disappears).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: f = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: g = f.lift(11,4,algorithm='stevens',eigensymbol=True)
+            sage: g.is_Tq_eigensymbol(2)
+            True
+            sage: g.Tq_eigenvalue(3)
+            10 + 10*11 + 10*11^2 + 10*11^3 + O(11^4)
+            sage: g.Tq_eigenvalue(11)
+            1 + O(11^4)
+
+        We check that lifting and then specializing gives back the original symbol::
+
+            sage: g.specialize() == f
+            True
+
+        Another example, which showed precision loss in an earlier version of the code::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
+            sage: p = 5
+            sage: prec = 4
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: Phi = phi.p_stabilize_and_lift(p,prec, algorithm='stevens', eigensymbol=True) # long time
+            sage: Phi.Tq_eigenvalue(5,M = 4) # long time
+            3 + 2*5 + 4*5^2 + 2*5^3 + O(5^4)
+
+        Another example::
+
+            sage: from sage.modular.pollack_stevens.padic_lseries import pAdicLseries
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
+            sage: p = 5
+            sage: prec = 6
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: Phi = phi.p_stabilize_and_lift(p=p,M=prec,alpha=None,algorithm='stevens',eigensymbol=True) #long time
+            sage: L = pAdicLseries(Phi)          # long time
+            sage: L.symbol() is Phi              # long time
+            True
+
+        Examples using Greenberg's algorithm::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: Phi = phi.lift(11,8,algorithm='greenberg',eigensymbol=True)
+            sage: Phi2 = phi.lift(11,8,algorithm='stevens',eigensymbol=True)
+            sage: Phi == Phi2
+            True
+
+        An example in higher weight::
+
+            sage: from sage.modular.pollack_stevens.space import ps_modsym_from_simple_modsym_space
+            sage: f = ps_modsym_from_simple_modsym_space(Newforms(7, 4)[0].modular_symbols(1))
+            sage: fs = f.p_stabilize(5)
+            sage: FsG = fs.lift(M=6, eigensymbol=True,algorithm='greenberg') # long time
+            sage: FsG.values()[0]                                            # long time
+            5^-1 * (2*5 + 5^2 + 3*5^3 + 4*5^4 + O(5^7), O(5^6), 2*5^2 + 3*5^3 + O(5^5), O(5^4), 5^2 + O(5^3), O(5^2))
+            sage: FsS = fs.lift(M=6, eigensymbol=True,algorithm='stevens')   # long time
+            sage: FsS == FsG                                                 # long time
+            True
+        """
+        if p is None:
+            p = self.parent().prime()
+            if p == 0:
+                raise ValueError("must specify a prime")
+        elif (self.parent().prime() != 0) and p != self.parent().prime():
+            raise ValueError("inconsistent prime")
+        if M is None:
+            M = self.parent().precision_cap() + 1
+        elif M <= 1:
+            raise ValueError("M must be at least 2")
+        else:
+            M = ZZ(M)
+        if new_base_ring is None:
+            if isinstance(self.parent().base_ring(), pAdicGeneric):
+                new_base_ring = self.parent().base_ring()
+            else:
+                # We may need extra precision in solving the difference equation
+                if algorithm == 'greenberg':
+                    extraprec = 0
+                else:
+                    extraprec = (M - 1).exact_log(p)  # DEBUG: was M-1
+                # should eventually be a completion
+                new_base_ring = Qp(p, M + extraprec)
+        if algorithm is None:
+            # The default algorithm is Greenberg's, if possible.
+            algorithm = 'greenberg' if eigensymbol else 'stevens'
+        elif algorithm == 'greenberg':
+            if not eigensymbol:
+                raise ValueError("Greenberg's algorithm only works"
+                                " for eigensymbols. Try 'stevens'")
+        elif algorithm != 'stevens':
+            raise ValueError("algorithm %s not recognized" % algorithm)
+        if eigensymbol:
+            # We need some extra precision due to the fact that solving
+            # the difference equation can give denominators.
+            if alpha is None:
+                verbose('Finding alpha with M = %s' % M, level=2)
+                alpha = self.Tq_eigenvalue(p, M=M + 1, check=check)
+            newM, eisenloss, q, aq = self._find_extraprec(p, M + 1, alpha, check)
+            Phi = self._lift_to_OMS(p, newM, new_base_ring, algorithm)
+            Phi = _iterate_Up(Phi, p, newM, alpha, q, aq, check)
+            Phi = Phi.reduce_precision(M)
+            return Phi._normalize(include_zeroth_moment=True)
+        else:
+            return self._lift_to_OMS(p, M, new_base_ring, algorithm)
+
+    def _lift_to_OMS(self, p, M, new_base_ring, algorithm='greenberg'):
+        r"""
+        Return a (`p`-adic) overconvergent modular symbol with
+        `M` moments which lifts ``self`` up to an Eisenstein error.
+
+        Here the Eisenstein error is a symbol whose system of Hecke
+        eigenvalues equals `\ell+1` for `T_\ell` when `\ell`
+        does not divide `Np` and 1 for `U_q` when `q` divides `Np`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- prime
+
+        - ``M`` -- integer equal to the number of moments
+
+        - ``new_base_ring`` -- new base ring
+
+        - ``algorithm`` -- string (default: ``'greenberg'``); either
+          ``'greenberg'`` or ``'stevens'``, specifying whether to use
+          the lifting algorithm of M.Greenberg or that of Pollack--Stevens.
+          The latter one solves the difference equation, which is not needed. The
+          option to use Pollack--Stevens' algorithm here is just for historical reasons.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        An overconvergent modular symbol whose specialization
+        equals ``self`` up to some Eisenstein error.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: f = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: f._lift_to_OMS(11,4,Qp(11,4))
+            Modular symbol of level 11 with values in Space of 11-adic distributions with k=0 action and precision cap 4
+        """
+        D = {}
+        manin = self.parent().source()
+        MSS = self.parent()._lift_parent_space(p, M, new_base_ring)
+        if algorithm == 'greenberg':
+            for g in manin.gens():
+                D[g] = self._map[g].lift(p, M, new_base_ring)
+        elif algorithm == 'stevens':
+            half = ZZ(1) / ZZ(2)
+            for g in manin.gens()[1:]:
+                twotor = g in manin.reps_with_two_torsion()
+                threetor = g in manin.reps_with_three_torsion()
+                if twotor:
+                    # See [PS2011] section 4.1
+                    gam = manin.two_torsion_matrix(g)
+                    mu = self._map[g].lift(p, M, new_base_ring)
+                    D[g] = (mu - mu * gam) * half
+                elif threetor:
+                    # See [PS2011] section 4.1
+                    gam = manin.three_torsion_matrix(g)
+                    mu = self._map[g].lift(p, M, new_base_ring)
+                    D[g] = (2 * mu - mu * gam - mu * (gam ** 2)) * half
+                else:
+                    # no two or three torsion
+                    D[g] = self._map[g].lift(p, M, new_base_ring)
+
+            t = self.parent().coefficient_module().lift(p, M, new_base_ring).zero()
+            # This loops adds up around the boundary of fundamental
+            # domain except the two vertical lines
+            for g in manin.gens()[1:]:
+                twotor = g in manin.reps_with_two_torsion()
+                threetor = g in manin.reps_with_three_torsion()
+                if twotor or threetor:
+                    t = t - D[g]
+                else:
+                    t += D[g] * manin.gammas[g] - D[g]
+            # t now should be sum Phi(D_i) | (gamma_i - 1) - sum
+            # Phi(D'_i) - sum Phi(D''_i)
+
+            # (Here I'm using the opposite sign convention of [PS2011]
+            # regarding D'_i and D''_i)
+
+            D[manin.gen(0)] = -t.solve_difference_equation()  # Check this!
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        return MSS(D)
+
+    def _find_aq(self, p, M, check):
+        r"""
+        Helper function for finding Hecke eigenvalue `aq` for a prime `q`
+        not equal to `p`. This is called in the case when `alpha = 1 (mod p^M)`
+        (with `alpha` a `U_p`-eigenvalue), which creates the need to use
+        other Hecke eigenvalues (and `alpha`s), because of division by `(alpha - 1)`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- working prime
+
+        - ``M`` -- precision
+
+        - ``check`` -- checks that ``self`` is a `T_q` eigensymbol
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        Tuple ``(q, aq, eisenloss)``, with
+
+        - ``q`` -- a prime not equal to `p`
+
+        - ``aq`` -- Hecke eigenvalue at `q`
+
+        - ``eisenloss`` -- the `p`-adic valuation of `a_q - q^{k+1} - 1`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: f = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: f._find_aq(5,10,True)
+            (2, -2, 1)
+        """
+        N = self.parent().level()
+        q = ZZ(2)
+        k = self.parent().weight()
+        aq = self.Tq_eigenvalue(q, check=check)
+        eisenloss = (aq - q ** (k + 1) - 1).valuation(p)
+        while ((q == p) or (N % q == 0) or (eisenloss >= M)) and (q < 50):
+            q = next_prime(q)
+            aq = self.Tq_eigenvalue(q, check=check)
+            if q != p:
+                eisenloss = (aq - q ** (k + 1) - 1).valuation(p)
+            else:
+                eisenloss = (aq - 1).valuation(p)
+        if q >= 50:
+            raise ValueError("The symbol appears to be eisenstein -- "
+                             "not implemented yet")
+        return q, aq, eisenloss
+
+    def _find_extraprec(self, p, M, alpha, check):
+        r"""
+        Find the extra precision needed to account for:
+
+        1) The denominators in the Hecke eigenvalue
+        2) the denominators appearing when solving the difference equation,
+        3) those denominators who might be also present in ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- working prime
+        - ``M`` -- precision
+        - ``alpha`` -- the Up-eigenvalue
+        - ``check`` -- whether to check that ``self`` is a `T_q` eigensymbol
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A tuple (newM, eisenloss, q, aq), where ``newM`` is the new precision, `q` is
+        a prime different from `p`, and ``aq`` is the eigenvalue of `T_q` of the eigensymbol.
+        The value ``eisenloss`` is the loss of precision accounted for in the denominators of the Hecke
+        eigenvalue.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: p = 5
+            sage: M = 10
+            sage: k = 0
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: alpha = phi.Tq_eigenvalue(p)
+            sage: phi._find_extraprec(p,M,alpha,True)
+            (13, 1, 2, -2)
+        """
+        q, aq, eisenloss = self._find_aq(p, M, check)
+        newM = M + eisenloss
+        # We also need to add precision to account for denominators appearing while solving the difference equation.
+        eplog = (newM - 1).exact_log(p)
+        while eplog < (newM + eplog).exact_log(p):
+            eplog = (newM + eplog).exact_log(p)
+            verbose("M = %s, newM = %s, eplog=%s" % (M, newM, eplog), level=2)
+        newM += eplog
+
+        # We also need to add precision to account for denominators that might be present in self
+        s = self.valuation(p)
+        if s < 0:
+            newM += -s
+        return newM, eisenloss, q, aq
+
+    def p_stabilize_and_lift(self, p, M, alpha=None, ap=None,
+                             new_base_ring=None,
+                             ordinary=True, algorithm='greenberg', eigensymbol=False,
+                             check=True):
+        """
+        `p`-stabilize and lift ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- prime, not dividing the level of self
+
+        - ``M`` -- precision
+
+        - ``alpha`` -- (default: ``None``) the `U_p` eigenvalue, if known
+
+        - ``ap`` -- (default: ``None``) the Hecke eigenvalue at p (before
+          stabilizing), if known
+
+        - ``new_base_ring`` -- (default: ``None``) if specified, force the
+          resulting eigensymbol to take values in the given ring
+
+        - ``ordinary`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); whether to return the
+          ordinary (at ``p``) eigensymbol
+
+        - ``algorithm`` -- string (default: ``'greenberg'``); either
+          ``'greenberg'`` or ``'stevens'``, specifying whether to use
+          the lifting algorithm of M.Greenberg or that of Pollack--Stevens.
+          The latter one solves the difference equation, which is not needed.
+          The option to use Pollack--Stevens' algorithm here is just for
+          historical reasons.
+
+        - ``eigensymbol`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True``, return
+          an overconvergent eigensymbol. Otherwise just perform a naive lift
+
+        - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); whether to perform extra
+          sanity checks
+
+        OUTPUT: `p`-stabilized and lifted version of ``self``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a')
+            sage: f = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: g = f.p_stabilize_and_lift(3,10)  # long time
+            sage: g.Tq_eigenvalue(5)                # long time
+            1 + O(3^10)
+            sage: g.Tq_eigenvalue(7)                # long time
+            1 + 2*3 + 2*3^2 + 2*3^3 + 2*3^4 + 2*3^5 + 2*3^6 + 2*3^7 + 2*3^8 + 2*3^9 + O(3^10)
+            sage: g.Tq_eigenvalue(3)                # long time
+            2 + 3^2 + 2*3^3 + 2*3^4 + 2*3^6 + 3^8 + 2*3^9 + O(3^10)
+        """
+        if check:
+            p = self._get_prime(p, alpha)
+        k = self.parent().weight()
+        M = ZZ(M)
+        # alpha will be the eigenvalue of Up
+        M0 = M + 1
+        if alpha is None:
+            alpha, new_base_ring, newM, eisenloss, q, aq = self._find_alpha(p, k, M0, ap, new_base_ring, ordinary, check)
+        if new_base_ring is None:
+            new_base_ring = alpha.parent()
+        newM, eisenloss, q, aq = self._find_extraprec(p, M0, alpha, check)
+        if hasattr(new_base_ring, 'precision_cap') and newM > new_base_ring.precision_cap():
+            raise ValueError("Not enough precision in new base ring")
+
+        # Now we can stabilize
+        self = self.p_stabilize(p=p, alpha=alpha, ap=ap, M=newM,
+                                new_base_ring=new_base_ring, check=check)
+        # And use the standard lifting function for eigensymbols
+        Phi = self._lift_to_OMS(p, newM, new_base_ring, algorithm)
+        Phi = _iterate_Up(Phi, p=p, M=newM, ap=alpha, q=q, aq=aq, check=check)
+        Phi = Phi.reduce_precision(M)
+        return Phi._normalize(include_zeroth_moment=True)
+
+
+class PSModularSymbolElement_dist(PSModularSymbolElement):
+
+    def reduce_precision(self, M):
+        r"""
+        Only hold on to `M` moments of each value of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: D = OverconvergentDistributions(0, 5, 10)
+            sage: M = PollackStevensModularSymbols(Gamma0(5), coefficients=D)
+            sage: f = M(1)
+            sage: f.reduce_precision(1)
+            Modular symbol of level 5 with values in Space of 5-adic distributions with k=0 action and precision cap 10
+        """
+        return self.__class__(self._map.reduce_precision(M), self.parent(),
+                              construct=True)
+
+    def precision_relative(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the number of moments of each value of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: D = OverconvergentDistributions(0, 5, 10)
+            sage: M = PollackStevensModularSymbols(Gamma0(5), coefficients=D)
+            sage: f = M(1)
+            sage: f.precision_relative()
+            1
+        """
+        return min(len(a._moments) for a in self._map)
+
+    def specialize(self, new_base_ring=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the underlying classical symbol of weight `k`.
+
+        Namely, this applies the canonical map `D_k \to Sym^k` to all
+        values of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: D = OverconvergentDistributions(0, 5, 10);  M = PollackStevensModularSymbols(Gamma0(5), coefficients=D); M
+            Space of overconvergent modular symbols for Congruence Subgroup Gamma0(5) with sign 0
+            and values in Space of 5-adic distributions with k=0 action and precision cap 10
+            sage: f = M(1)
+            sage: f.specialize()
+            Modular symbol of level 5 with values in Sym^0 Z_5^2
+            sage: f.specialize().values()
+            [1 + O(5), 1 + O(5), 1 + O(5)]
+            sage: f.values()
+            [1 + O(5), 1 + O(5), 1 + O(5)]
+            sage: f.specialize().parent()
+            Space of modular symbols for Congruence Subgroup Gamma0(5) with sign 0 and values in Sym^0 Z_5^2
+            sage: f.specialize().parent().coefficient_module()
+            Sym^0 Z_5^2
+            sage: f.specialize().parent().coefficient_module().is_symk()
+            True
+            sage: f.specialize(Qp(5,20))
+            Modular symbol of level 5 with values in Sym^0 Q_5^2
+        """
+        if new_base_ring is None:
+            new_base_ring = self.base_ring()
+        return self.__class__(self._map.specialize(new_base_ring),
+                              self.parent()._specialize_parent_space(new_base_ring), construct=True)
+
+    def padic_lseries(self, *args, **kwds):
+        """
+        Return the `p`-adic `L`-series of this modular symbol.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: E = EllipticCurve('37a')
+            sage: phi = E.pollack_stevens_modular_symbol()
+            sage: L = phi.lift(37, M=6, eigensymbol=True).padic_lseries(); L  # long time
+            37-adic L-series of Modular symbol of level 37 with values in Space of 37-adic distributions with k=0 action and precision cap 7
+            sage: L.series(2) # long time
+            O(37^6) + (4 + 37 + 36*37^2 + 19*37^3 + 21*37^4 + O(37^5))*T + O(T^2)
+        """
+        from sage.modular.pollack_stevens.padic_lseries import pAdicLseries
+        return pAdicLseries(self, *args, **kwds)