cainiaoblog 23.2.171

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+ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/js/fixedPage.min.js"></script><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head><body><div class="body_container"><div id="header"><div class="site-name"><a id="logo" href="/.">前端壹菜鸟</a><p class="description">关注前端知识，收集精彩博文，做技术的搬运工</p></div><div id="nav-menu"><a class="current" href="/." target="_self"><i class="fa fa-home"> 首页</i></a><a href="/archives/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-archive"> 归档</i></a><a href="/guestbook/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-comments"> 留言</i></a><a href="/about/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-user"> 关于</i></a><a href="https://laonongmin.online/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-group"> 看看</i></a><a href="https://love.xuehuayu.cn/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-heart"> LOVE</i></a></div></div><div class="pure-g" id="layout"><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-3-4"><div class="content_container"><div class="post"><h1 class="post-title c-post">HTTPS 到底加密了什么？</h1><div class="post-meta"><span class="date">2020-02-03</span><span> | </span><span class="tag"><a href="/tags/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BD%BD/">转载 </a></span><span> | </span><span class="category"><a href="/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF/">前端 </a></span><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"> | <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa fa-spinner"></i></span><span> 阅读</span></span><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-text"> | </span><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-keyboard-o"></i><span class="post-count"> 1.2k</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 字</span></span></span><span class="post-time"> | <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-hourglass-half"></i><span class="post-count"> 4</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 分钟</span></span></span></div><a class="disqus-comment-count" href="/article/43397.html#vcomment"><span class="waline-comment-count" data-path="/article/43397.html"></span><span> 条评论</span></a><div class="post-content"><p><code>原文地址：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/EO2WQt0TQjhyRd3zgoF1Bg</code><br>关于 HTTP 和 HTTPS 这个老生常谈的话题，我们之前已经写过很多文章了，比如这篇《 从 HTTP 到 HTTPS 再到 HSTS 》，详细讲解了 HTTP 和 HTTPS 的进化之路，对的没错，就是 HTTP 兽进化 HTTPS 兽。</p>
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+ <p>那么今天我们主要聊一聊 HTTPS 到底加密了些什么内容。</p>
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+ <span id="more"></span>
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+ <p><img src="https://store.xuehuayu.cn/store/20200203/0.gif" alt="xuehuayu.cn"></p>
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+ <p>先跟大家讲个故事，小编的初恋是在初中时谈的，我的后桌。那个时候没有手机这类的沟通工具，上课交流有三宝，脚踢屁股、笔戳后背以及传纸条，当然我只能是那个屁股和后背。</p>
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+ <p>说实话传纸条真的很危险，尤其是这种早恋的纸条，被抓到就是一首《凉凉》。</p>
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+ <p>于是我和我的小女朋友就商量一下加密这个小纸条上面的数据，这样就算被班主任抓到她也奈何不了我们！</p>
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+ <p>我们用将英文字母和数字一一对应，组成一个密码本，然后在小纸条上写上数字，要将他翻译成对应的字母，在拼成拼音才能知道这串数字意思。</p>
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+ <p>上面就是最初小编坎坷的感情史。</p>
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+ <p>后来等我长大了，才知道这是回不去的美好。如果给我一个机会，我愿意……啊呸，跑偏了，等长大了才知道，这个就是现在网站数据传输中的 HTTPS。</p>
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+ <p><strong>多了 SSL 层的 HTTP 协议</strong></p>
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+ <p>简而言之，HTTPS 就是在 HTTP 下加入了 SSL 层，从而保护了交换数据隐私和完整性，提供对网站服务器身份认证的功能，简单来说它就是安全版的 HTTP。</p>
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+ <p>现在随着技术的发展，TLS 得到了广泛的应用，关于 SSL 与 TLS 的差别，我们不用在意，只要知道 TLS 是 SSL 的升级版本就好。</p>
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+ <p><img src="https://store.xuehuayu.cn/store/20200203/1.png" alt="xuehuayu.cn"></p>
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+ <p>一般来说，HTTPS 主要用途有三个：一是通过证书等信息确认网站的真实性；二是建立加密的信息通道；三是数据内容的完整性。</p>
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+ <p><img src="https://store.xuehuayu.cn/store/20200203/2.jpg" alt="xuehuayu.cn"></p>
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+ <p>上文为又拍云官网，我们可以通过点击浏览器地址栏锁标志来查看网站认证之后的真实信息，SSL 证书保证了网站的唯一性与真实性。</p>
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+ <p><strong>那么加密的信息通道又加密了哪些信息呢？</strong></p>
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+ <p>签发证书的 CA 中心会发布一种权威性的电子文档——数字证书，它可以通过加密技术（对称加密与非对称加密）对我们在网上传输的信息进行加密，比如我在 Pornhub 上输入：</p>
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+ <p>账号：cbssfaw</p>
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+ <p>密码：123djaosid</p>
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+ <p>可是这个数据被黑客拦截盗窃了，那么加密后，黑客得到的数据可能就是这样的：</p>
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+ <p>账号：çµø…≤¥ƒ∂ø†®∂˙∆¬</p>
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+ <p>密码：∆ø¥§®†ƒ©®†©˚¬</p>
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+ <p><img src="https://store.xuehuayu.cn/store/20200203/3.jpg" alt="xuehuayu.cn"></p>
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+ <p>最后一个就是验证数据的完整性，当数据包经过无数次路由器转发后会发生数据劫持，黑客将数据劫持后进行篡改，比如植入羞羞的小广告。开启HTTPS后黑客就无法对数据进行篡改，就算真的被篡改了，我们也可以检测出问题。</p>
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+ <p><strong>对称加密与非对称加密</strong></p>
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+ <p><strong>对称加密</strong></p>
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+ <p>对称加密是指加密与解密的使用同一个密钥的加密算法。小编初中的时候传纸条使用了同一套加密密码，所以我用的加密算法就是对称加密算法。</p>
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+ <p>目前常见的加密算法有：DES、AES、IDEA 等。</p>
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+ <p><strong>非对称加密</strong></p>
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+ <p>非对称加密使用的是两个密钥，公钥与私钥，我们会使用公钥对网站账号密码等数据进行加密，再用私钥对数据进行解密。这个公钥会发给查看网站的所有人，而私钥是只有网站服务器自己拥有的。</p>
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+ <p>目前常见非对称加密算法：RSA，DSA，DH 等。</p>
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+ <p><strong>HTTPS &#x3D;数据加密+网站认证+完整性验证+ HTTP</strong></p>
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+ <p>通过上文，我们已经知道，HTTPS 就是在 HTTP 传输协议的基础上对网站进行认证，给予它独一无二的身份证明，再对网站数据进行加密，并对传输的数据进行完整性验证。</p>
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+ <p>HTTPS 作为一种加密手段不仅加密了数据，还给了网站一张身份证。</p>
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+ <p>如果让我回到十年前，那么我一定会这样跟我的女朋友传纸条：</p>
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+ <p>先准备一张独一无二的纸条，并在上面签上我的大名，然后用只有我女朋友可以解密的方式进行数据加密，最后写完后，用胶水封起来，防止隔壁桌的小王偷看修改小纸条内容。</p>
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+ <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN" data-dark><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0" name="viewport"><meta content="yes" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable"><meta content="black-translucent" name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style"><meta content="telephone=no" name="format-detection"><meta name="description" content="前端壹菜鸟，记录工作难题，关注前端知识，收集精彩博文，做技术的搬运工"><meta name="msvalidate.01" content="0FE4D8B3381D3D87088996B886E1E2BD"><title>种草 ES2020 新特性 | 前端壹菜鸟</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/css/style.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/normalize.css@latest/normalize.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/purecss@latest/build/pure-min.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/purecss@latest/build/grids-responsive-min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/font-awesome@4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"><link rel="icon" mask="" sizes="any" href="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/img/blog.ico"><link rel="Shortcut Icon" type="image/x-icon" href="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/img/blog.ico"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/img/blog.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/img/blog.png"><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml"><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery@latest/dist/jquery.min.js"></script><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8385136408348258"></script><script src="https://busuanzi.ibruce.info/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js" async></script><script>(function(){
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+ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/js/fixedPage.min.js"></script><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head><body><div class="body_container"><div id="header"><div class="site-name"><a id="logo" href="/.">前端壹菜鸟</a><p class="description">关注前端知识，收集精彩博文，做技术的搬运工</p></div><div id="nav-menu"><a class="current" href="/." target="_self"><i class="fa fa-home"> 首页</i></a><a href="/archives/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-archive"> 归档</i></a><a href="/guestbook/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-comments"> 留言</i></a><a href="/about/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-user"> 关于</i></a><a href="https://laonongmin.online/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-group"> 看看</i></a><a href="https://love.xuehuayu.cn/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-heart"> LOVE</i></a></div></div><div class="pure-g" id="layout"><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-3-4"><div class="content_container"><div class="post"><h1 class="post-title c-post">种草 ES2020 新特性</h1><div class="post-meta"><span class="date">2020-01-13</span><span> | </span><span class="tag"><a href="/tags/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BD%BD/">转载 </a></span><span> | </span><span class="category"><a href="/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF/">前端 </a></span><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"> | <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa fa-spinner"></i></span><span> 阅读</span></span><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-text"> | </span><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-keyboard-o"></i><span class="post-count"> 2.2k</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 字</span></span></span><span class="post-time"> | <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-hourglass-half"></i><span class="post-count"> 9</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 分钟</span></span></span></div><a class="disqus-comment-count" href="/article/43724.html#vcomment"><span class="waline-comment-count" data-path="/article/43724.html"></span><span> 条评论</span></a><div class="post-content"><p><code>作者：blue_yang 原文地址：https://juejin.im/post/5e09ca40518825499a5abff7</code></p>
20
+ <p>这几年，Ecma TC39一年一次更新 ecmascript 规范标准，截止目前，以下特性已进入 <code>finished</code> 状态。现在带大家体验种草 ES2020 新特性。</p>
21
+ <span id="more"></span>
22
+
23
+ <h1 id="一：Promise-allSettled"><a href="#一：Promise-allSettled" class="headerlink" title="一：Promise.allSettled"></a>一：Promise.allSettled</h1><h3 id="Promise-all-缺陷"><a href="#Promise-all-缺陷" class="headerlink" title="Promise.all 缺陷"></a>Promise.all 缺陷</h3><p>都知道 <code>Promise.all</code> 具有并发执行异步任务的能力。但它的最大问题就是如果其中某个任务出现异常(reject)，所有任务都会挂掉，Promise直接进入 <code>reject</code> 状态。</p>
24
+ <p>想象这个场景：你的页面有三个区域，分别对应三个独立的接口数据，使用 <code>Promise.all</code> 来并发三个接口，如果其中任意一个接口服务异常，状态是reject,这会导致页面中该三个区域数据全都无法渲染出来，因为任何 <code>reject</code> 都会进入catch回调, 很明显，这是无法接受的，如下：</p>
25
+ <pre><code>Promise.all([
26
+ Promise.reject(&#123;code: 500, msg: &#39;服务异常&#39;&#125;),
27
+ Promise.resolve(&#123; code: 200, list: []&#125;),
28
+ Promise.resolve(&#123;code: 200, list: []&#125;)
29
+ ])
30
+ .then((ret) =&gt; &#123;
31
+ // 如果其中一个任务是 reject，则不会执行到这个回调。
32
+ RenderContent(ret);
33
+ &#125;)
34
+ .catch((error) =&gt; &#123;
35
+ // 本例中会执行到这个回调
36
+ // error: &#123;code: 500, msg: &quot;服务异常&quot;&#125;
37
+ &#125;)
38
+ 复制代码
39
+ </code></pre>
40
+ <p>我们需要一种机制，如果并发任务中，无论一个任务正常或者异常，都会返回对应的的状态（fulfilled 或者 rejected）与结果（业务value 或者 拒因 reason），在 then 里面通过 filter 来过滤出想要的业务逻辑结果，这就能最大限度的保障业务当前状态的可访问性，而 <code>Promise.allSettled</code> 就是解决这问题的。</p>
41
+ <pre><code>Promise.allSettled([
42
+ Promise.reject(&#123;code: 500, msg: &#39;服务异常&#39;&#125;),
43
+ Promise.resolve(&#123; code: 200, list: []&#125;),
44
+ Promise.resolve(&#123;code: 200, list: []&#125;)
45
+ ])
46
+ .then((ret) =&gt; &#123;
47
+ /*
48
+ 0: &#123;status: &quot;rejected&quot;, reason: &#123;…&#125; &#125;
49
+ 1: &#123;status: &quot;fulfilled&quot;, value: &#123;…&#125; &#125;
50
+ 2: &#123;status: &quot;fulfilled&quot;, value: &#123;…&#125; &#125;
51
+ */
52
+ // 过滤掉 rejected 状态，尽可能多的保证页面区域数据渲染
53
+ RenderContent(ret.filter((el) =&gt; &#123;
54
+ return el.status !== &#39;rejected&#39;;
55
+ &#125;));
56
+ &#125;);
57
+
58
+ 复制代码
59
+ </code></pre>
60
+ <h1 id="二：可选链（Optional-chaining）"><a href="#二：可选链（Optional-chaining）" class="headerlink" title="二：可选链（Optional chaining）"></a>二：可选链（Optional chaining）</h1><p><code>可选链</code> 可让我们在查询具有多层级的对象时，不再需要进行冗余的各种前置校验。</p>
61
+ <p>日常开发中，我们经常会遇到这种查询</p>
62
+ <pre><code>var name = user &amp;&amp; user.info &amp;&amp; user.info.name;
63
+ 复制代码
64
+ </code></pre>
65
+ <p>又或是这种</p>
66
+ <pre><code>var age = user &amp;&amp; user.info &amp;&amp; user.info.getAge &amp;&amp; user.info.getAge();
67
+ 复制代码
68
+ </code></pre>
69
+ <p>这是一种丑陋但又不得不做的前置校验，否则很容易命中 <code>Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property...</code> 这种错误，这极有可能让你整个应用挂掉。</p>
70
+ <p>用了 Optional Chaining ，上面代码会变成</p>
71
+ <pre><code>var name = user?.info?.name;
72
+ 复制代码
73
+
74
+ var age = user?.info?.getAge?.();
75
+ 复制代码
76
+ </code></pre>
77
+ <p>可选链中的 <code>?</code> 表示如果问号左边表达式有值, 就会继续查询问号后面的字段。根据上面可以看出，用可选链可以大量简化类似繁琐的前置校验操作，而且更安全。</p>
78
+ <h1 id="三：空值合并运算符（Nullish-coalescing-Operator）"><a href="#三：空值合并运算符（Nullish-coalescing-Operator）" class="headerlink" title="三：空值合并运算符（Nullish coalescing Operator）"></a>三：空值合并运算符（Nullish coalescing Operator）</h1><p>当我们查询某个属性时，经常会遇到，如果没有该属性就会设置一个默认的值。比如下面代码中查询玩家等级。</p>
79
+ <pre><code>var level = (user.data &amp;&amp; user.data.level) || &#39;暂无等级&#39;;
80
+ 复制代码
81
+ </code></pre>
82
+ <p>在JS中，空字符串、0 等，当进行逻辑操作符判时，会自动转化为 false。在上面的代码里，如果玩家等级本身就是 0 级, 变量 level 就会被赋值 <code>暂无等级</code> 字符串，这是逻辑错误。</p>
83
+ <pre><code>var level;
84
+ if (typeof user.level === &#39;number&#39;) &#123;
85
+ level = user.level;
86
+ &#125; elseif (!user.level) &#123;
87
+ level = &#39;暂无等级&#39;;
88
+ &#125; else &#123;
89
+ level = user.level;
90
+ &#125;
91
+ 复制代码
92
+ </code></pre>
93
+ <p>来看看用空值合并运算符如何处理</p>
94
+ <pre><code>// &#123;
95
+ // &quot;level&quot;: 0
96
+ // &#125;
97
+ var level = `$&#123;user.level&#125;级` ?? &#39;暂无等级&#39;;
98
+ // level -&gt; &#39;0级&#39;复制代码
99
+ </code></pre>
100
+ <p>用空值合并运算在逻辑正确的前提下，代码更加简洁。</p>
101
+ <p>空值合并运算符 与 可选链 相结合，可以很轻松处理多级查询并赋予默认值问题。</p>
102
+ <pre><code>var level = user.data?.level ?? &#39;暂无等级&#39;;
103
+ 复制代码
104
+ </code></pre>
105
+ <h1 id="四：dynamic-import"><a href="#四：dynamic-import" class="headerlink" title="四：dynamic-import"></a>四：dynamic-import</h1><p>按需 import 提案几年前就已提出，如今终于能进入ES正式规范。这里个人理解成“按需”更为贴切。现代前端打包资源越来越大，打包成几M的JS资源已成常态，而往往前端应用初始化时根本不需要全量加载逻辑资源，为了首屏渲染速度更快，很多时候都是按需加载，比如懒加载图片等。而这些按需执行逻辑资源都体现在某一个事件回调中去加载。</p>
106
+ <pre><code>el.onclick = () =&gt; &#123;
107
+ import(`/path/current-logic.js`)
108
+ .then((module) =&gt; &#123;
109
+ module.doSomthing();
110
+ &#125;)
111
+ .catch((err) =&gt; &#123;
112
+ // load error;
113
+ &#125;)
114
+ &#125;
115
+ 复制代码
116
+ </code></pre>
117
+ <p>当然，webpack目前已很好的支持了该特性。</p>
118
+ <h1 id="五：globalThis"><a href="#五：globalThis" class="headerlink" title="五：globalThis"></a>五：globalThis</h1><p>Javascript 在不同的环境获取全局对象有不通的方式，node 中通过 global, web中通过 window, self 等，有些甚至通过 this 获取，但通过 this 是及其危险的，this 在 js 中异常复杂，它严重依赖当前的执行上下文，这些无疑增加了获取全局对象的复杂性。</p>
119
+ <p>过去获取全局对象，可通过一个全局函数</p>
120
+ <pre><code>var getGlobal = function () &#123;
121
+ if (typeof self !== &#39;undefined&#39;) &#123; return self; &#125;
122
+ if (typeof window !== &#39;undefined&#39;) &#123; return window; &#125;
123
+ if (typeof global !== &#39;undefined&#39;) &#123; return global; &#125;
124
+ throw new Error(&#39;unable to locate global object&#39;);
125
+ &#125;;
126
+
127
+ var globals = getGlobal();
128
+
129
+ // https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/globalThis
130
+ 复制代码
131
+ </code></pre>
132
+ <p>而 globalThis 目的就是提供一种标准化方式访问全局对象，有了 globalThis 后，你可以在任意上下文，任意时刻都能获取到全局对象。</p>
133
+ <h1 id="六：BigInt"><a href="#六：BigInt" class="headerlink" title="六：BigInt"></a>六：BigInt</h1><p>Js 中 Number类型只能安全的表示<code>-(2^53-1)</code>至 <code>2^53-1</code> 范的值，即Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER 至Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER，超出这个范围的整数计算或者表示会丢失精度。</p>
134
+ <pre><code>var num = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER; // -&gt; 9007199254740991
135
+
136
+ num = num + 1; // -&gt; 9007199254740992
137
+
138
+ // 再次加 +1 后无法正常运算
139
+ num = num + 1; // -&gt; 9007199254740992
140
+
141
+ // 两个不同的值，却返回了true
142
+ 9007199254740992 === 9007199254740993 // -&gt; true复制代码
143
+ </code></pre>
144
+ <p>为解决此问题，ES2020提供一种新的数据类型：BigInt。<br>使用 BigInt 有两种方式：</p>
145
+ <ol>
146
+ <li><p>在整数字面量后面加<code>n</code>。</p>
147
+ <p> var bigIntNum &#x3D; 9007199254740993n;<br> 复制代码</p>
148
+ </li>
149
+ <li><p>使用 <code>BigInt</code> 函数。</p>
150
+ <p> var bigIntNum &#x3D; BigInt(9007199254740);<br> var anOtherBigIntNum &#x3D; BigInt(‘9007199254740993’);<br> 复制代码</p>
151
+ </li>
152
+ </ol>
153
+ <p>通过 BigInt， 我们可以安全的进行大数整型计算。</p>
154
+ <pre><code>var bigNumRet = 9007199254740993n + 9007199254740993n; // -&gt; -&gt; 18014398509481986n
155
+
156
+ bigNumRet.toString(); // -&gt; &#39;18014398509481986&#39;复制代码
157
+ </code></pre>
158
+ <p>注意:</p>
159
+ <ol>
160
+ <li><p>BigInt 是一种新的数据原始（primitive）类型。</p>
161
+ <p> typeof 9007199254740993n; &#x2F;&#x2F; -&gt; ‘bigint’复制代码</p>
162
+ </li>
163
+ <li><p>尽可能避免通过调用函数 <code>BigInt</code> 方式来实例化超大整型。因为参数的字面量实际也是 Number 类型的一次实例化，超出安全范围的数字，可能会引起精度丢失。</p>
164
+ </li>
165
+ </ol>
166
+ <h1 id="七：String-prototype-matchAll"><a href="#七：String-prototype-matchAll" class="headerlink" title="七：String.prototype.matchAll"></a>七：String.prototype.matchAll</h1><p>思考下面代码</p>
167
+ <pre><code>var str = &#39;&lt;text&gt;JS&lt;/text&gt;&lt;text&gt;正则&lt;/text&gt;&#39;;
168
+ var reg = /&lt;\w+&gt;(.*?)&lt;\/\w+&gt;/g;
169
+
170
+ console.log(str.match(reg));
171
+ // -&gt; [&quot;&lt;text&gt;JS&lt;/text&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;text&gt;正则&lt;/text&gt;&quot;]
172
+ 复制代码
173
+ </code></pre>
174
+ <p>可以看出返回的数组里包含了父匹配项，但未匹配到子项（group）。移除全局搜索符“g”试试。</p>
175
+ <pre><code>var str = &#39;&lt;text&gt;JS&lt;/text&gt;&lt;text&gt;正则&lt;/text&gt;&#39;;
176
+ // 注意这里没有全局搜素标示符“g”
177
+ var reg = /&lt;\w+&gt;(.*?)&lt;\/\w+&gt;/;
178
+ console.log(str.match(reg));
179
+
180
+ // 上面会打印出
181
+ /*
182
+ [
183
+ &quot;&lt;text&gt;JS&lt;/text&gt;&quot;,
184
+ &quot;JS&quot;,
185
+ index: 0,
186
+ input:
187
+ &quot;&lt;text&gt;JS&lt;/text&gt;&lt;text&gt;正则&lt;/text&gt;&quot;,
188
+ groups: undefined
189
+ ]
190
+ */
191
+ 复制代码
192
+ </code></pre>
193
+ <p>这样可以获取到匹配的父项，包括子项（group），但只能获取到第一个满足的匹配字符。能看出上面无法匹配到<code>&lt;text&gt;正则&lt;/text&gt;</code>。</p>
194
+ <p>如果获取到全局所有匹配项，包括子项呢？</p>
195
+ <p>ES2020提供了一种简易的方式：String.prototype.matchAll, 该方法会返回一个迭代器。</p>
196
+ <pre><code>var str = &#39;&lt;text&gt;JS&lt;/text&gt;&lt;text&gt;正则&lt;/text&gt;&#39;;
197
+ var allMatchs = str.matchAll(/&lt;\w+&gt;(.*?)&lt;\/\w+&gt;/g);
198
+
199
+ for (const match of allMatchs) &#123;
200
+ console.log(match);
201
+ &#125;
202
+
203
+
204
+
205
+ /*
206
+ 第一次迭代返回：
207
+ [
208
+ &quot;&lt;text&gt;JS&lt;/text&gt;&quot;,
209
+ &quot;JS&quot;,
210
+ index: 0,
211
+ input: &quot;&lt;text&gt;JS&lt;/text&gt;&lt;text&gt;正则&lt;/text&gt;&quot;,
212
+ groups: undefined
213
+ ]
214
+
215
+ 第二次迭代返回：
216
+ [
217
+ &quot;&lt;text&gt;正则&lt;/text&gt;&quot;,
218
+ &quot;正则&quot;,
219
+ index: 15,
220
+ input: &quot;&lt;text&gt;JS&lt;/text&gt;&lt;text&gt;正则&lt;/text&gt;&quot;,
221
+ groups: undefined
222
+ ]
223
+ */
224
+
225
+ 复制代码
226
+ </code></pre>
227
+ <p>能看出每次迭代中可获取所有的匹配，以及本次匹配的成功的一些其他元信息。</p>
228
+ <h3 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h3><ol>
229
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/tc39/proposals/blob/master/finished-proposals.md">github.com&#x2F;tc39&#x2F;propos…</a></li>
230
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://prop-tc39.now.sh/">prop-tc39.now.sh&#x2F;</a></li>
231
+ </ol>
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