cainiaoblog 23.2.171

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+ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/js/fixedPage.min.js"></script><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head><body><div class="body_container"><div id="header"><div class="site-name"><a id="logo" href="/.">前端壹菜鸟</a><p class="description">关注前端知识，收集精彩博文，做技术的搬运工</p></div><div id="nav-menu"><a class="current" href="/." target="_self"><i class="fa fa-home"> 首页</i></a><a href="/archives/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-archive"> 归档</i></a><a href="/guestbook/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-comments"> 留言</i></a><a href="/about/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-user"> 关于</i></a><a href="https://laonongmin.online/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-group"> 看看</i></a><a href="https://love.xuehuayu.cn/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-heart"> LOVE</i></a></div></div><div class="pure-g" id="layout"><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-3-4"><div class="content_container"><div class="post"><h1 class="post-title c-post">高频面试题深入解析 / 周刊 01</h1><div class="post-meta"><span class="date">2019-10-03</span><span> | </span><span class="tag"><a href="/tags/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BD%BD/">转载 </a></span><span> | </span><span class="category"><a href="/categories/%E5%88%86%E4%BA%AB/">分享 </a></span><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"> | <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa fa-spinner"></i></span><span> 阅读</span></span><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-text"> | </span><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-keyboard-o"></i><span class="post-count"> 4k</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 字</span></span></span><span class="post-time"> | <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-hourglass-half"></i><span class="post-count"> 16</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 分钟</span></span></span></div><a class="disqus-comment-count" href="/article/20093.html#vcomment"><span class="waline-comment-count" data-path="/article/20093.html"></span><span> 条评论</span></a><div class="post-content"><p><code>原文地址：https://github.com/YvetteLau/Blog/issues/31</code></p>
20
+ <span id="more"></span>
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+ <h3 id="关于【Step-By-Step】"><a href="#关于【Step-By-Step】" class="headerlink" title="关于【Step-By-Step】"></a>关于【Step-By-Step】</h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/YvetteLau/Step-By-Step">Step-By-Step</a> (点击进入项目) 是我于 <code>2019-05-20</code> 开始的一个项目，项目愿景：一步一个脚印，量变引起质变。</p>
22
+ <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/YvetteLau/Step-By-Step">Step-By-Step</a> 仅会在工作日发布面试题，主要考虑到部分小伙伴平时工作较为繁忙，或周末有出游计划。每个周末我会仔细阅读大家的答案，整理最一份较优答案出来，因本人水平有限，有误的地方，大家及时指正。参与答题的小伙伴，可以对比自己的回答。</p>
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+ <p><strong>答题不是目的</strong>，不希望大家仅仅是简单的搜索答案，复制粘贴到issue下。更多的是希望大家及时查漏补缺 &#x2F; 巩固相关知识。</p>
24
+ <hr>
25
+ <h3 id="1-如何正确判断this的指向？-2019-05-20"><a href="#1-如何正确判断this的指向？-2019-05-20" class="headerlink" title="1.如何正确判断this的指向？(2019-05-20)"></a>1.如何正确判断this的指向？(2019-05-20)</h3><p>如果用一句话说明 this 的指向，那么即是: 谁调用它，this 就指向谁。</p>
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+ <p>但是仅通过这句话，我们很多时候并不能准确判断 this 的指向。因此我们需要借助一些规则去帮助自己：</p>
27
+ <p>this 的指向可以按照以下顺序判断:</p>
28
+ <h4 id="1-全局环境中的-this"><a href="#1-全局环境中的-this" class="headerlink" title="1. 全局环境中的 this"></a>1. 全局环境中的 this</h4><p>浏览器环境：无论是否在严格模式下，在全局执行环境中（在任何函数体外部）this 都指向全局对象 <code>window</code>;</p>
29
+ <p>node 环境：无论是否在严格模式下，在全局执行环境中（在任何函数体外部），this 都是空对象 <code>&#123;&#125;</code>;</p>
30
+ <h4 id="2-是否是-new-绑定"><a href="#2-是否是-new-绑定" class="headerlink" title="2. 是否是 new 绑定"></a>2. 是否是 <code>new</code> 绑定</h4><p>如果是 <code>new</code> 绑定，并且构造函数中没有返回 function 或者是 object，那么 this 指向这个新对象。如下:</p>
31
+ <blockquote>
32
+ <p>构造函数返回值不是 function 或 object。</p>
33
+ </blockquote>
34
+ <pre><code>functionSuper(age) &#123;
35
+ this.age= age;
36
+ &#125;
37
+
38
+ let instance =newSuper(&#39;26&#39;);
39
+ console.log(instance.age); //26
40
+ </code></pre>
41
+ <blockquote>
42
+ <p>构造函数返回值是 function 或 object，这种情况下 this 指向的是返回的对象。</p>
43
+ </blockquote>
44
+ <pre><code>functionSuper(age) &#123;
45
+ this.age= age;
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+ let obj = &#123;a:&#39;2&#39;&#125;;
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+ return obj;
48
+ &#125;
49
+
50
+
51
+ let instance =newSuper(&#39;hello&#39;);
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+ console.log(instance.age); //undefined
53
+ </code></pre>
54
+ <p>你可以想知道为什么会这样？我们来看一下 <code>new</code> 的实现原理:</p>
55
+ <ol>
56
+ <li><p>创建一个新对象。</p>
57
+ </li>
58
+ <li><p>这个新对象会被执行 <code>[[原型]]</code> 连接。</p>
59
+ </li>
60
+ <li><p>属性和方法被加入到 this 引用的对象中。并执行了构造函数中的方法.</p>
61
+ </li>
62
+ <li><p>如果函数没有返回其他对象，那么 this 指向这个新对象，否则 this 指向构造函数中返回的对象。</p>
63
+ <p> functionnew(func) {<br> let target &#x3D; {};<br> target.<strong>proto</strong>&#x3D;func.prototype;<br> let res &#x3D;func.call(target);<br> &#x2F;&#x2F;排除 null 的情况if (res &amp;&amp;typeof(res) &#x3D;&#x3D;”object”||typeof(res) &#x3D;&#x3D;”function”) {<br> return res;<br> }<br> return target;<br> }</p>
64
+ </li>
65
+ </ol>
66
+ <h4 id="3-函数是否通过-call-apply-调用，或者使用了-bind-绑定，如果是，那么this绑定的就是指定的对象【归结为显式绑定】。"><a href="#3-函数是否通过-call-apply-调用，或者使用了-bind-绑定，如果是，那么this绑定的就是指定的对象【归结为显式绑定】。" class="headerlink" title="3. 函数是否通过 call,apply 调用，或者使用了 bind 绑定，如果是，那么this绑定的就是指定的对象【归结为显式绑定】。"></a>3. 函数是否通过 call,apply 调用，或者使用了 bind 绑定，如果是，那么this绑定的就是指定的对象【归结为显式绑定】。</h4><pre><code>functioninfo()&#123;
67
+ console.log(this.age);
68
+ &#125;
69
+ var person = &#123;
70
+ age:20,
71
+ info
72
+ &#125;
73
+ var age =28;
74
+ var info =person.info;
75
+ info.call(person); //20info.apply(person); //20info.bind(person)(); //20
76
+ </code></pre>
77
+ <p>这里同样需要注意一种<strong>特殊</strong>情况，如果 call,apply 或者 bind 传入的第一个参数值是 <code>undefined</code> 或者 <code>null</code>，严格模式下 this 的值为传入的值 null &#x2F;undefined。非严格模式下，实际应用的默认绑定规则，this 指向全局对象(node环境为global，浏览器环境为window)</p>
78
+ <pre><code>functioninfo()&#123;
79
+ //node环境中:非严格模式 global，严格模式为null//浏览器环境中:非严格模式 window，严格模式为nullconsole.log(this);
80
+ console.log(this.age);
81
+ &#125;
82
+ var person = &#123;
83
+ age:20,
84
+ info
85
+ &#125;
86
+ var age =28;
87
+ var info =person.info;
88
+ //严格模式抛出错误；//非严格模式，node下输出undefined（因为全局的age不会挂在 global 上）//非严格模式。浏览器环境下输出 28（因为全局的age会挂在 window 上）info.call(null);
89
+ </code></pre>
90
+ <h4 id="4-隐式绑定，函数的调用是在某个对象上触发的，即调用位置上存在上下文对象。典型的隐式调用为-xxx-fn"><a href="#4-隐式绑定，函数的调用是在某个对象上触发的，即调用位置上存在上下文对象。典型的隐式调用为-xxx-fn" class="headerlink" title="4. 隐式绑定，函数的调用是在某个对象上触发的，即调用位置上存在上下文对象。典型的隐式调用为: xxx.fn()"></a>4. 隐式绑定，函数的调用是在某个对象上触发的，即调用位置上存在上下文对象。典型的隐式调用为: <code>xxx.fn()</code></h4><pre><code>functioninfo()&#123;
91
+ console.log(this.age);
92
+ &#125;
93
+ var person = &#123;
94
+ age:20,
95
+ info
96
+ &#125;
97
+ var age =28;
98
+ person.info(); //20;执行的是隐式绑定
99
+ </code></pre>
100
+ <h4 id="5-默认绑定，在不能应用其它绑定规则时使用的默认规则，通常是独立函数调用。"><a href="#5-默认绑定，在不能应用其它绑定规则时使用的默认规则，通常是独立函数调用。" class="headerlink" title="5. 默认绑定，在不能应用其它绑定规则时使用的默认规则，通常是独立函数调用。"></a>5. 默认绑定，在不能应用其它绑定规则时使用的默认规则，通常是独立函数调用。</h4><p>非严格模式： node环境，执行全局对象 global，浏览器环境，执行全局对象 window。</p>
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+ <p>严格模式：执行 undefined</p>
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+ <pre><code>functioninfo()&#123;
103
+ console.log(this.age);
104
+ &#125;
105
+ var age =28;
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+ //严格模式；抛错//非严格模式，node下输出 undefined（因为全局的age不会挂在 global 上）//非严格模式。浏览器环境下输出 28（因为全局的age会挂在 window 上）//严格模式抛出，因为 this 此时是 undefinedinfo();
107
+ </code></pre>
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+ <h4 id="6-箭头函数的情况："><a href="#6-箭头函数的情况：" class="headerlink" title="6. 箭头函数的情况："></a>6. 箭头函数的情况：</h4><p>箭头函数没有自己的this，继承外层上下文绑定的this。</p>
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+ <pre><code>let obj = &#123;
110
+ age:20,
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+ info:function() &#123;
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+ return () =&gt; &#123;
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+ console.log(this.age); //this继承的是外层上下文绑定的this
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+ &#125;
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+ &#125;
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+ &#125;
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+
118
+ let person = &#123;age:28&#125;;
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+ let info =obj.info();
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+ info(); //20let info2 =obj.info.call(person);
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+ info2(); //28
122
+ </code></pre>
123
+ <blockquote>
124
+ <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/YvetteLau/Step-By-Step/issues/1">点击查看更多</a></p>
125
+ </blockquote>
126
+ <h3 id="2-JS中原始类型有哪几种？null-是对象吗？原始数据类型和复杂数据类型有什么区别？-2019-05-21"><a href="#2-JS中原始类型有哪几种？null-是对象吗？原始数据类型和复杂数据类型有什么区别？-2019-05-21" class="headerlink" title="2.JS中原始类型有哪几种？null 是对象吗？原始数据类型和复杂数据类型有什么区别？(2019-05-21)"></a>2.JS中原始类型有哪几种？null 是对象吗？原始数据类型和复杂数据类型有什么区别？(2019-05-21)</h3><h4 id="目前，JS原始类型有六种，分别为"><a href="#目前，JS原始类型有六种，分别为" class="headerlink" title="目前，JS原始类型有六种，分别为:"></a>目前，JS原始类型有六种，分别为:</h4><ul>
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+ <li>Boolean</li>
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+ <li>String</li>
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+ <li>Number</li>
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+ <li>Undefined</li>
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+ <li>Null</li>
132
+ <li>Symbol(ES6新增)</li>
133
+ </ul>
134
+ <p>ES10新增了一种基本数据类型：BigInt</p>
135
+ <p>复杂数据类型只有一种: Object</p>
136
+ <p>null 不是一个对象，尽管 <code>typeof null</code> 输出的是 <code>object</code>，这是一个历史遗留问题，JS 的最初版本中使用的是 32 位系统，为了性能考虑使用低位存储变量的类型信息，000 开头代表是对象，<code>null</code> 表示为全零，所以将它错误的判断为 <code>object</code> 。</p>
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+ <h4 id="基本数据类型和复杂数据类型的区别为"><a href="#基本数据类型和复杂数据类型的区别为" class="headerlink" title="基本数据类型和复杂数据类型的区别为:"></a>基本数据类型和复杂数据类型的区别为:</h4><ol>
138
+ <li>内存的分配不同</li>
139
+ </ol>
140
+ <ul>
141
+ <li><p>基本数据类型存储在栈中。</p>
142
+ </li>
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+ <li><p>复杂数据类型存储在堆中，栈中存储的变量，是指向堆中的引用地址。</p>
144
+ </li>
145
+ </ul>
146
+ <ol>
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+ <li>访问机制不同</li>
148
+ </ol>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>基本数据类型是按值访问</li>
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+ <li>复杂数据类型按引用访问，JS不允许直接访问保存在堆内存中的对象，在访问一个对象时，首先得到的是这个对象在堆内存中的地址，然后再按照这个地址去获得这个对象中的值。</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <ol>
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+ <li>复制变量时不同(a&#x3D;b)</li>
155
+ </ol>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li><p>基本数据类型：a&#x3D;b;是将b中保存的原始值的副本赋值给新变量a，a和b完全独立，互不影响</p>
158
+ </li>
159
+ <li><p>复杂数据类型：a&#x3D;b;将b保存的对象内存的引用地址赋值给了新变量a;a和b指向了同一个堆内存地址，其中一个值发生了改变，另一个也会改变。</p>
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+ <p> let b &#x3D; {<br> age:10<br> }</p>
161
+ <p> let a &#x3D; b;<br> a.age&#x3D;20;<br> console.log(a); &#x2F;&#x2F;{ age: 20 }</p>
162
+ </li>
163
+ </ul>
164
+ <ol>
165
+ <li>参数传递的不同(实参&#x2F;形参)</li>
166
+ </ol>
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+ <p>函数传参都是按值传递(栈中的存储的内容)：基本数据类型，拷贝的是值；复杂数据类型，拷贝的是引用地址</p>
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+ <pre><code>//基本数据类型let b =10functionchange(info) &#123;
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+ info=20;
170
+ &#125;
171
+ //info=b;基本数据类型，拷贝的是值得副本，二者互不干扰change(b);
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+ console.log(b);//10
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+
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+ //复杂数据类型let b = &#123;
175
+ age:10
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+ &#125;
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+
178
+ functionchange(info) &#123;
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+ info.age=20;
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+ &#125;
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+ //info=b;根据第三条差异，可以看出，拷贝的是地址的引用，修改互相影响。change(b);
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+ console.log(b);//&#123; age: 20 &#125;
183
+ </code></pre>
184
+ <blockquote>
185
+ <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/YvetteLau/Step-By-Step/issues/5">点击查看更多</a></p>
186
+ </blockquote>
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+ <h3 id="3-说一说你对HTML5语义化的理解-2019-05-22"><a href="#3-说一说你对HTML5语义化的理解-2019-05-22" class="headerlink" title="3.说一说你对HTML5语义化的理解(2019-05-22)"></a>3.说一说你对HTML5语义化的理解(2019-05-22)</h3><p>语义化意味着顾名思义，HTML5的语义化指的是合理正确的使用语义化的标签来创建页面结构，如 header,footer,nav，从标签上即可以直观的知道这个标签的作用，而不是滥用div。</p>
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+ <h4 id="语义化的优点有"><a href="#语义化的优点有" class="headerlink" title="语义化的优点有:"></a>语义化的优点有:</h4><ul>
189
+ <li>代码结构清晰，易于阅读，利于开发和维护</li>
190
+ <li>方便其他设备解析（如屏幕阅读器）根据语义渲染网页。</li>
191
+ <li>有利于搜索引擎优化（SEO），搜索引擎爬虫会根据不同的标签来赋予不同的权重</li>
192
+ </ul>
193
+ <h4 id="语义化标签主要有："><a href="#语义化标签主要有：" class="headerlink" title="语义化标签主要有："></a>语义化标签主要有：</h4><ul>
194
+ <li>title：主要用于页面的头部的信息介绍</li>
195
+ <li>header：定义文档的页眉</li>
196
+ <li>nav：主要用于页面导航</li>
197
+ <li>main：规定文档的主要内容。对于文档来说应当是唯一的。它不应包含在文档中重复出现的内容，比如侧栏、导航栏、版权信息、站点标志或搜索表单。</li>
198
+ <li>article：独立的自包含内容</li>
199
+ <li>h1~h6：定义标题</li>
200
+ <li>ul: 用来定义无序列表</li>
201
+ <li>ol: 用来定义有序列表</li>
202
+ <li>address：定义文档或文章的作者&#x2F;拥有者的联系信息。</li>
203
+ <li>canvas：用于绘制图像</li>
204
+ <li>dialog：定义一个对话框、确认框或窗口</li>
205
+ <li>aside：定义其所处内容之外的内容。<code>&lt;aside&gt;</code> 的内容可用作文章的侧栏。</li>
206
+ <li>section：定义文档中的节（section、区段）。比如章节、页眉、页脚或文档中的其他部分。</li>
207
+ <li>figure：规定独立的流内容（图像、图表、照片、代码等等）。figure 元素的内容应该与主内容相关，但如果被删除，则不应对文档流产生影响。</li>
208
+ <li>details：描述文档或者文档某一部分细节</li>
209
+ <li>mark：义带有记号的文本。</li>
210
+ </ul>
211
+ <h4 id="语义化应用"><a href="#语义化应用" class="headerlink" title="语义化应用"></a>语义化应用</h4><p>例如使用这些可视化标签，构建下面的页面结构：</p>
212
+ <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f2fea7383cb61407e11a615750bfd29c2270b5cc/68747470733a2f2f6e6f74652e796f7564616f2e636f6d2f7977732f7075626c69632f7265736f757263652f66343537303163633431303530346537316462626362643838363165386430632f786d6c6e6f74652f5745425245534f5552434534666639316465326462616234643833666362353330386630383666656666342f3239353032"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f2fea7383cb61407e11a615750bfd29c2270b5cc/68747470733a2f2f6e6f74652e796f7564616f2e636f6d2f7977732f7075626c69632f7265736f757263652f66343537303163633431303530346537316462626362643838363165386430632f786d6c6e6f74652f5745425245534f5552434534666639316465326462616234643833666362353330386630383666656666342f3239353032" alt="xuehuayu.cn"></a></p>
213
+ <p>对于早期不支持 HTML5 的浏览器，如IE8及更早之前的版本，我们可以引入 html5shiv 来支持。</p>
214
+ <blockquote>
215
+ <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/YvetteLau/Step-By-Step/issues/8">点击查看更多</a></p>
216
+ </blockquote>
217
+ <h3 id="4-如何让-a-x3D-x3D-1-amp-amp-a-x3D-x3D-2-amp-amp-a-x3D-x3D-3-的值为true？"><a href="#4-如何让-a-x3D-x3D-1-amp-amp-a-x3D-x3D-2-amp-amp-a-x3D-x3D-3-的值为true？" class="headerlink" title="4.如何让 (a &#x3D;&#x3D; 1 &amp;&amp; a &#x3D;&#x3D; 2 &amp;&amp; a &#x3D;&#x3D; 3) 的值为true？"></a>4.如何让 (a &#x3D;&#x3D; 1 &amp;&amp; a &#x3D;&#x3D; 2 &amp;&amp; a &#x3D;&#x3D; 3) 的值为true？</h3><h4 id="4-1-利用隐式转换规则"><a href="#4-1-利用隐式转换规则" class="headerlink" title="4.1 利用隐式转换规则"></a>4.1 利用隐式转换规则</h4><p><code>==</code> 操作符在左右数据类型不一致时，会先进行隐式转换。</p>
218
+ <p><code>a == 1 &amp;&amp; a == 2 &amp;&amp; a == 3</code> 的值意味着其不可能是基本数据类型。因为如果 a 是 null 或者是 undefined bool类型，都不可能返回true。</p>
219
+ <p>因此可以推测 a 是复杂数据类型，JS 中复杂数据类型只有 <code>object</code>，回忆一下，Object 转换为原始类型会调用什么方法？</p>
220
+ <ul>
221
+ <li><p>如果部署了 <code>[Symbol.toPrimitive]</code> 接口，那么调用此接口，若返回的不是基本数据类型，抛出错误。</p>
222
+ </li>
223
+ <li><p>如果没有部署 <code>[Symbol.toPrimitive]</code> 接口，那么根据要转换的类型，先调用 <code>valueOf</code> &#x2F; <code>toString</code></p>
224
+ </li>
225
+ </ul>
226
+ <ol>
227
+ <li><p>非Date类型对象，<code>hint</code> 是 <code>default</code> 时，调用顺序为：<code>valueOf</code> &gt;&gt;&gt; <code>toString</code>，即<code>valueOf</code> 返回的不是基本数据类型，才会继续调用 <code>toString</code>，如果<code>toString</code> 返回的还不是基本数据类型，那么抛出错误。</p>
228
+ </li>
229
+ <li><p>如果 <code>hint</code> 是 <code>string</code>(Date对象的hint默认是string) ，调用顺序为：<code>toString</code> &gt;&gt;&gt; <code>valueOf</code>，即<code>toString</code> 返回的不是基本数据类型，才会继续调用 <code>valueOf</code>，如果<code>valueOf</code> 返回的还不是基本数据类型，那么抛出错误。</p>
230
+ </li>
231
+ <li><p>如果 <code>hint</code> 是 <code>number</code>，调用顺序为： <code>valueOf</code> &gt;&gt;&gt; <code>toString</code></p>
232
+ <p> var obj &#x3D; {<br> <a href="hint">Symbol.toPrimitive</a> {<br> console.log(hint);<br> return10;<br> },<br> valueOf() {<br> console.log(‘valueOf’);<br> return20;<br> },<br> toString() {<br> console.log(‘toString’);<br> return’hello’;<br> }<br> }<br> console.log(obj +’yvette’); &#x2F;&#x2F;default&#x2F;&#x2F;如果没有部署 [Symbol.toPrimitive]接口，调用顺序为<code>valueOf</code> &gt;&gt;&gt; <code>toString</code>console.log(obj &#x3D;&#x3D;’yvette’); &#x2F;&#x2F;default&#x2F;&#x2F;如果没有部署 [Symbol.toPrimitive]接口，调用顺序为<code>valueOf</code> &gt;&gt;&gt; <code>toString</code>console.log(obj *10);&#x2F;&#x2F;number&#x2F;&#x2F;如果没有部署 [Symbol.toPrimitive]接口，调用顺序为<code>valueOf</code> &gt;&gt;&gt; <code>toString</code>console.log(Number(obj));&#x2F;&#x2F;number&#x2F;&#x2F;如果没有部署 [Symbol.toPrimitive]接口，调用顺序为<code>valueOf</code> &gt;&gt;&gt; <code>toString</code>console.log(String(obj));&#x2F;&#x2F;string&#x2F;&#x2F;如果没有部署 [Symbol.toPrimitive]接口，调用顺序为<code>toString</code> &gt;&gt;&gt; <code>valueOf</code></p>
233
+ </li>
234
+ </ol>
235
+ <p>那么对于这道题，只要 <code>[Symbol.toPrimitive]</code> 接口，第一次返回的值是 1，然后递增，即成功成立。</p>
236
+ <pre><code>let a = &#123;
237
+ [Symbol.toPrimitive]: (function(hint) &#123;
238
+ let i =1;
239
+ //闭包的特性之一：i 不会被回收returnfunction() &#123;
240
+ return i++;
241
+ &#125;
242
+ &#125;)()
243
+ &#125;
244
+ console.log(a ==1&amp;&amp; a ==2&amp;&amp; a ==3); //true
245
+ </code></pre>
246
+ <p>调用 <code>valueOf</code> 接口的情况：</p>
247
+ <pre><code>let a = &#123;
248
+ valueOf: (function() &#123;
249
+ let i =1;
250
+ //闭包的特性之一：i 不会被回收returnfunction() &#123;
251
+ return i++;
252
+ &#125;
253
+ &#125;)()
254
+ &#125;
255
+ console.log(a ==1&amp;&amp; a ==2&amp;&amp; a ==3); //true
256
+ </code></pre>
257
+ <p>另外，除了i自增的方法外，还可以利用 正则，如下</p>
258
+ <pre><code>let a = &#123;
259
+ reg:/\d/g,
260
+ valueOf () &#123;
261
+ returnthis.reg.exec(123)[0]
262
+ &#125;
263
+ &#125;
264
+ console.log(a ==1&amp;&amp; a ==2&amp;&amp; a ==3); //true
265
+ </code></pre>
266
+ <p>调用 <code>toString</code> 接口的情况，不再做说明。</p>
267
+ <h4 id="4-2-利用数据劫持"><a href="#4-2-利用数据劫持" class="headerlink" title="4.2 利用数据劫持"></a>4.2 利用数据劫持</h4><p>使用 <code>Object.defineProperty</code> 定义的属性，在获取属性时，会调用 <code>get</code> 方法。利用这个特性，我们在 <code>window</code> 对象上定义 <code>a</code> 属性，如下：</p>
268
+ <pre><code>let i =1;
269
+ Object.defineProperty(window, &#39;a&#39;, &#123;
270
+ get:function() &#123;
271
+ return i++;
272
+ &#125;
273
+ &#125;);
274
+ console.log(a ==1&amp;&amp; a ==2&amp;&amp; a ==3); //true
275
+ </code></pre>
276
+ <p>ES6 新增了 <code>Proxy</code> ，此处我们同样可以利用 <code>Proxy</code> 去实现，如下：</p>
277
+ <pre><code>let a =newProxy(&#123;&#125;, &#123;
278
+ i:1,
279
+ get:function () &#123;
280
+ return () =&gt;this.i++;
281
+ &#125;
282
+ &#125;);
283
+ console.log(a ==1&amp;&amp; a ==2&amp;&amp; a ==3); // true
284
+ </code></pre>
285
+ <h4 id="4-3-数组的-toString-接口默认调用数组的-join-方法，重写数组的-join-方法。"><a href="#4-3-数组的-toString-接口默认调用数组的-join-方法，重写数组的-join-方法。" class="headerlink" title="4.3 数组的 toString 接口默认调用数组的 join 方法，重写数组的 join 方法。"></a>4.3 数组的 <code>toString</code> 接口默认调用数组的 <code>join</code> 方法，重写数组的 <code>join</code> 方法。</h4><pre><code>let a = [1, 2, 3];
286
+ a.join=a.shift;
287
+ console.log(a ==1&amp;&amp; a ==2&amp;&amp; a ==3); //true
288
+ </code></pre>
289
+ <h4 id="4-4-利用-with-关键字"><a href="#4-4-利用-with-关键字" class="headerlink" title="4.4 利用 with 关键字"></a>4.4 利用 <code>with</code> 关键字</h4><p>我本人对 <code>with</code> 向来是敬而远之的。不过 <code>with</code> 的确也是此题方法之一：</p>
290
+ <pre><code>let i =0;
291
+
292
+ with (&#123;
293
+ geta() &#123;
294
+ return++i;
295
+ &#125;
296
+ &#125;) &#123;
297
+ console.log(a ==1&amp;&amp; a ==2&amp;&amp; a ==3); //true
298
+ &#125;
299
+ </code></pre>
300
+ <blockquote>
301
+ <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/YvetteLau/Step-By-Step/issues/9">点击查看更多</a></p>
302
+ </blockquote>
303
+ <h3 id="5-防抖-debounce-函数的作用是什么？有哪些应用场景，请实现一个防抖函数。"><a href="#5-防抖-debounce-函数的作用是什么？有哪些应用场景，请实现一个防抖函数。" class="headerlink" title="5.防抖(debounce)函数的作用是什么？有哪些应用场景，请实现一个防抖函数。"></a>5.防抖(debounce)函数的作用是什么？有哪些应用场景，请实现一个防抖函数。</h3><h4 id="防抖函数的作用"><a href="#防抖函数的作用" class="headerlink" title="防抖函数的作用"></a>防抖函数的作用</h4><p>防抖函数的作用就是控制函数在一定时间内的执行次数。防抖意味着N秒内函数只会被执行一次，如果N秒内再次被触发，则重新计算延迟时间。</p>
304
+ <p>举例说明：小思最近在减肥，但是她非常贪吃。为此，与其男朋友约定好，如果10天不吃零食，就可以购买一个包(不要问为什么是包，因为包治百病)。但是如果中间吃了一次零食，那么就要重新计算时间，直到小思坚持10天没有吃零食，才能购买一个包。所以，管不住嘴的小思，没有机会买包(悲伤的故事)…这就是<strong>防抖</strong>。</p>
305
+ <p>不管吃没吃零食，每10天买一个包，中间想买包，忍着，等到第十天的时候再买，这种情况是<strong>节流</strong>。如何控制女朋友的消费，各位攻城狮们，get到了吗？防抖可比节流有效多了！</p>
306
+ <h4 id="防抖应用场景"><a href="#防抖应用场景" class="headerlink" title="防抖应用场景"></a>防抖应用场景</h4><ol>
307
+ <li>搜索框输入查询，如果用户一直在输入中，没有必要不停地调用去请求服务端接口，等用户停止输入的时候，再调用，设置一个合适的时间间隔，有效减轻服务端压力。</li>
308
+ <li>表单验证</li>
309
+ <li>按钮提交事件。</li>
310
+ <li>浏览器窗口缩放，resize事件等。</li>
311
+ </ol>
312
+ <h4 id="防抖函数实现"><a href="#防抖函数实现" class="headerlink" title="防抖函数实现"></a>防抖函数实现</h4><p><code>immediate</code> 为 true 时，表示开始会立即触发一次。</p>
313
+ <p><code>immediate</code> 为 false 时，表示最后一次一定会触发。</p>
314
+ <p><code>loadsh</code> 中的 <code>debounce</code> 的第三个参数 <code>option</code> ，提供了 <code>leading</code> 和 <code>trailing</code> 两个参数。</p>
315
+ <pre><code>functiondebounce(func, wait, immediate=true) &#123;
316
+ let timeout, context, args;
317
+ // 延迟执行函数constlater= () =&gt;setTimeout(() =&gt; &#123;
318
+ // 延迟函数执行完毕，清空定时器
319
+ timeout =null// 延迟执行的情况下，函数会在延迟函数中执行// 使用到之前缓存的参数和上下文if (!immediate) &#123;
320
+ func.apply(context, args);
321
+ context = args =null;
322
+ &#125;
323
+ &#125;, wait);
324
+ letdebounced=function (...params) &#123;
325
+ if (!timeout) &#123;
326
+ timeout =later();
327
+ if (immediate) &#123;
328
+ //立即执行func.apply(this, params);
329
+ &#125; else &#123;
330
+ //闭包
331
+ context =this;
332
+ args = params;
333
+ &#125;
334
+ &#125; else &#123;
335
+ clearTimeout(timeout);
336
+ timeout =later();
337
+ &#125;
338
+ &#125;
339
+ debounced.cancel=function () &#123;
340
+ clearTimeout(timeout);
341
+ timeout =null;
342
+ &#125;;
343
+ return debounced;
344
+ &#125;;
345
+ </code></pre>
346
+ <blockquote>
347
+ <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/YvetteLau/Step-By-Step/issues/10">点击查看更多</a></p>
348
+ </blockquote>
349
+ <p>参考文章：</p>
350
+ <p>[1] <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-completion-record-specification-type">https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-completion-record-specification-type</a></p>
351
+ <p>[2] <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://juejin.im/post/5c96d0c751882511c832ff7b">嗨，你真的懂this吗？</a></p>
352
+ <p>[3] <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://juejin.im/post/5cab0c45f265da2513734390">【面试篇】寒冬求职季之你必须要懂的原生JS(上)</a></p>
353
+ <p>[4] <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://juejin.im/post/5cbd1e33e51d45789161d053">【面试篇】寒冬求职季之你必须要懂的原生JS(中)</a></p>
354
+ <p>谢谢各位小伙伴愿意花费宝贵的时间阅读本文，如果本文给了您一点帮助或者是启发，请不要吝啬你的赞和Star，您的肯定是我前进的最大动力。<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/YvetteLau/Blog">https://github.com/YvetteLau/Blog</a></p>
355
+ </div><iframe src="/donate/?AliPayQR=https://store.xuehuayu.cn/store/public/alipay_qr.jpg&amp;WeChatQR=https://store.xuehuayu.cn/store/public/wechat_qr.png&amp;UnionPayQR=null&amp;GitHub=null&amp;BTCQR=null&amp;BTCKEY=null&amp;PayPal=https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/OrdinaryPerson" style="overflow-x:hidden; overflow-y:hidden; border:0xp none #fff; min-height:240px; width:100%;" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe><div><ul class="post-copyright"><li class="post-copyright-author"><strong>本文作者：</strong>雪花雨</li><li class="post-copyright-link"><strong>本文链接：</strong><a href="/article/20093.html">https://xuehuayu.cn/article/20093.html</a></li><li class="post-copyright-license"><strong>版权声明：</strong>① 标为原创的文章为博主原创，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接。② 转载文章来自网络，已标明出处，<a href="mailto:cainiaoblog@126.com">侵删</a>。</li></ul></div><br><div class="tags"><a href="/tags/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BD%BD/">转载</a></div><div class="post-nav"><a class="pre" href="/article/5204.html">这儿有20道大厂面试题等你查收</a><a class="next" href="/article/54632.html">前端跳槽必备，揭秘一线互联网公司高级前端JavaScript面试</a></div><div id="vcomment"></div><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@waline/client@v2/dist/waline.min.css"><script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@waline/client@v2/dist/waline.js"></script><script>const origin = window.location.origin
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+ const serverURL = origin.includes('cainiaoblog') ? 'https://cmts.cainiaoblog.cn' : 'https://cmts.xuehuayu.cn'
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+ const locale = {
358
+ placeholder: '请正确填写昵称和邮箱，方便接收回复通知~',
359
+ sofa: '沙发空缺中，还不快抢~',
360
+ };
361
+ Waline.init({
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+ el: '#vcomment',
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+ serverURL: serverURL,
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+ pageSize: '20',
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+ visitor: true, // 阅读量统计
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+ requiredMeta: ['nick', 'mail'],
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+ emoji: [
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+ 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/walinejs/emojis@1.0.0/weibo',
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+ 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/walinejs/emojis@1.0.0/qq',
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+ 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/walinejs/emojis@1.0.0/tw-emoji',
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+ ],
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+ locale,
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+ pageview: true
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+ })
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+ </script></div></div></div><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-4 fixed-search hidden_mid_and_down"><div id="sidebar"><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/js/search.min.js"></script><div class="widget"><div class="widget-search"><input class="search" type="radio" name="search" value="baidu" id="baidu" checked="checked"/><label class="label" for="baidu" title="百度全站搜索">百度</label><input class="search" type="radio" name="search" value="google" id="google"/><label class="label" for="google" title="谷歌全站搜索">谷歌</label><input class="search" type="radio" name="search" value="self" id="self"/><label class="label" for="self" title="使用站内搜索">站内</label></div><div class="widget" id="search"><form class="search-form" action="//www.baidu.com/baidu" method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" target="_blank"><input type="search" name="word" maxlength="30" placeholder="百度全站搜索"/><input type="hidden" name="si" value="xuehuayu.cn"/><input type="hidden" name="cl" value="3"/><input type="hidden" name="ct" value="2097152"/><input type="hidden" name="s" value="on"/><input class="search-submit" type="submit" value=""/></form></div></div><script>$('input[type=radio][name=search]').change(function() {
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+ var val = $(this).val()
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+ var self = '<div class="search-form"><input id="local-search-input" placeholder="站内搜索，首次慢" type="search" name="q" results="0"><input class="search-submit" type="submit" value=""/><div id="local-search-result"></div></div>'
378
+ var google = '<form class="search-form" action="//www.google.com/search" method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" target="_blank"><input type="search" name="q" maxlength="30" placeholder="谷歌全站搜索"><input type="hidden" name="sitesearch" value="xuehuayu.cn"><input class="search-submit" type="submit" value=""/></form>'
379
+ var baidu = '<form class="search-form" action="//www.baidu.com/baidu" method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" target="_blank"><input type="search" name="word" maxlength="30" placeholder="百度全站搜索"><input type="hidden" name="si" value="xuehuayu.cn"><input type="hidden" name="cl" value="3"><input type="hidden" name="ct" value="2097152"><input type="hidden" name="s" value="on"><input class="search-submit" type="submit" value=""/></form>'
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+
381
+ if (val === 'self') {
382
+ $('#search').html(self)
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+ var search_path = 'search.xml';
384
+ if (search_path.length == 0) {
385
+ search_path = 'search.xml';
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+ }
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+ var path = 'https://cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/' + search_path;
388
+ searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
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+ } else if (val === 'baidu') {
390
+ $('#search').html(baidu)
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+ } else if (val === 'google') {
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+ $('#search').html(google)
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+ }
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+ })</script><div class="widget widget-wxmp"><img alt="微信公众号" width="100%" src="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/img/mp-mini.jpg"/></div><div class="widget widget-categories"><div class="widget-title"><i class="fa fa-folder-o"> 分类</i></div><ul class="category-list"><li class="category-list-item"><a class="category-list-link" href="/categories/CDN/">CDN</a><span class="category-list-count">2</span></li><li class="category-list-item"><a class="category-list-link" href="/categories/IDE/">IDE</a><span class="category-list-count">1</span></li><li class="category-list-item"><a class="category-list-link" href="/categories/git/">git</a><span class="category-list-count">2</span></li><li class="category-list-item"><a class="category-list-link" href="/categories/hexo/">hexo</a><span class="category-list-count">1</span></li><li class="category-list-item"><a class="category-list-link" href="/categories/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5/">公共节日</a><span 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