cainiaoblog 23.2.171

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+ <p>转载自：segmentfault.com<br>作者：savokiss<br><code>原文地址：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000021145901</code></p>
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+ </blockquote>
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+ <p>在 <code>JavaScript</code> 中，使用 &#x2F;&#x2F; 即可创建一个正则表达式对象，当然也可以使用 <code>new RegExp()</code></p>
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+ <p>常用的跟正则相关的方法有 <code>match</code>、<code>test</code> 和 <code>replace</code>。<br>其中 <code>match</code>，<code>replace</code> 都是字符串上的方法， <code>test</code> 是正则对象上的方法。</p>
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+ <span id="more"></span>
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+
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+ <p>下面看具体的图示：</p>
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+ <p><img src="http://i1.fuimg.com/705673/664d8e7709b499d5.jpg" alt="1.png"></p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <h3 id="2-匹配单字符"><a href="#2-匹配单字符" class="headerlink" title="2.匹配单字符"></a>2.匹配单字符</h3></blockquote>
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+ <p><code>/reg/</code> 可以直接匹配具体的字符串 <code>reg</code>。<br><code>/[arzy]/</code> 中的中括号<code>[]</code> 则代表匹配 <code>arzy</code> 中的任意单个字符<br><code>/[f-h]/</code> 中的中杠 <code>-</code> 代表匹配字母表顺序中 <code>f</code> 到 <code>h</code> 中的任意单个字符<br><code>/[1-3]/</code> 则代表匹配数字 <code>1</code> 到 <code>3</code></p>
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+ <p><img src="http://i1.fuimg.com/705673/678f24371f0af4ba.jpg" alt="2.png"></p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <h3 id="3-则选项"><a href="#3-则选项" class="headerlink" title="3.则选项"></a>3.则选项</h3></blockquote>
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+ <p>正则对象的后面也可以跟选项，JavaScript 中常用的选项有：</p>
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+ <p><code>i</code> - 代表忽略大小写<br><code>m</code> - 代表多行匹配<br><code>g</code> - 代表全局匹配（可以匹配多次）</p>
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+ <p><img src="http://i1.fuimg.com/705673/9e80fd8de959edfb.jpg" alt="3.png"></p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <h3 id="4-边界匹配"><a href="#4-边界匹配" class="headerlink" title="4.边界匹配"></a>4.边界匹配</h3></blockquote>
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+ <p><code>^</code> - 代表匹配字符串的开头<br><code>$</code> - 代表匹配字符串的结尾</p>
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+ <p><img src="http://i1.fuimg.com/705673/6376af01f76fc1bf.jpg" alt="4.png"></p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <h3 id="5-字符匹配"><a href="#5-字符匹配" class="headerlink" title="5.字符匹配"></a>5.字符匹配</h3></blockquote>
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+ <p><code>.</code> - 可以匹配除了换行符外的任意字符<br><code>\d</code> - 可以匹配任意数字<br><code>\D</code> - 可以匹配任意非数字<br><code>\s</code> - 匹配任意空白字符<br><code>\S</code> - 匹配任意非空白字符<br><code>\n</code> - 匹配换行<br><code>\w</code> - 它其实就等同于 <code>[A-Za-z0-9_]</code>，即匹配字母数字下划线</p>
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+ <p><img src="http://i1.fuimg.com/705673/d2d8c2dffa968406.jpg" alt="5.png"></p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <h3 id="6-量词匹配"><a href="#6-量词匹配" class="headerlink" title="6.量词匹配"></a>6.量词匹配</h3></blockquote>
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+ <p><code>*</code> - 匹配 <code>0</code> 次或多次<br><code>+</code> - 匹配 <code>1</code> 次或多次<br><code>?</code> - 匹配 <code>0</code> 次或 <code>1</code> 次<br><code>&#123;3&#125;</code> - 匹配 <code>3</code> 次<br><code>&#123;2,4&#125;</code> - 匹配 <code>2</code>、<code>3</code> 或 <code>4</code> 次<br><code>&#123;2,&#125;</code> - 匹配 <code>2</code> 次或<code>多</code>次</p>
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+ <p><img src="http://i1.fuimg.com/705673/acc08b06f84d3a1e.jpg" alt="6.png"></p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <h3 id="7-分组"><a href="#7-分组" class="headerlink" title="7.分组"></a>7.分组</h3></blockquote>
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+ <p><code>()</code> 小括号在正则中代表分组，一般在 <code>match</code> 方法中用来返回全匹配加上多个分组结果，如果使用了 <code>g</code> 选项，则只返回全匹配。</p>
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+ <p>在小括号中你可以使用管道符号 <code>|</code>，它代表或</p>
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+ <p><img src="http://i1.fuimg.com/705673/cc4579b39c5e6245.jpg" alt="7.png"></p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <h3 id="8-特殊字符"><a href="#8-特殊字符" class="headerlink" title="8.特殊字符"></a>8.特殊字符</h3></blockquote>
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+ <p>匹配特殊符号的时候需要加反斜杠 \</p>
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+ <p><code>JS</code> 中的特殊字符有 <code>^</code> <code>$</code> <code>\</code> <code>.</code> <code>*</code> <code>+</code> <code>?</code> <code>()</code> <code>[]</code> <code>&#123;&#125;</code> <code>|</code></p>
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+ <p>所以如果你需要匹配星号 <code>*</code>，就需要这样写：<code>\*</code></p>
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+ <p><img src="http://i1.fuimg.com/705673/77c8cb57421b5492.jpg" alt="8.png"></p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <h3 id="9-取非匹配"><a href="#9-取非匹配" class="headerlink" title="9.取非匹配"></a>9.取非匹配</h3></blockquote>
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+ <p>匹配除了某个字符的任意字符，需要在中括号<code>[]</code> 中使用 <code>^</code></p>
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+ <p>至此 <code>^</code> 具有两个含义：</p>
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+ <p>如果用于正则表达式的<code>开头</code>，代表匹配<code>字符串的开头</code><br>如果用于中括号 <code>[]</code> 内部，则代表匹配<code>非此字符</code></p>
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+ <p><img src="http://i1.fuimg.com/705673/4327d3a68d3d6e7a.jpg" alt="9.png"></p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <h3 id="10-完"><a href="#10-完" class="headerlink" title="10.完"></a>10.完</h3></blockquote>
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+ <p>上面只是介绍了正则表达式中的基本用法，在日常开发中基本就够用了。更深入的用法比如 贪婪和懒惰、零宽断言 和 捕获 ，感兴趣的小伙伴可以自行学习~</p>
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+ <p>正则很强大，但是也不能滥用。如果你写出了一个很复杂的只有你能看懂的正则，更好的做法是不使用正则去实现它~</p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <h4 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考链接"></a>参考链接</h4></blockquote>
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+ <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://savokiss.com/tech/intro-to-regexp.html">原文链接</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://dev.to/chrisachard/intro-to-regex-for-web-developers-2fj4">Intro to Regex for Web Developers</a></p>
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+ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/js/fixedPage.min.js"></script><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head><body><div class="body_container"><div id="header"><div class="site-name"><a id="logo" href="/.">前端壹菜鸟</a><p class="description">关注前端知识，收集精彩博文，做技术的搬运工</p></div><div id="nav-menu"><a class="current" href="/." target="_self"><i class="fa fa-home"> 首页</i></a><a href="/archives/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-archive"> 归档</i></a><a href="/guestbook/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-comments"> 留言</i></a><a href="/about/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-user"> 关于</i></a><a href="https://laonongmin.online/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-group"> 看看</i></a><a href="https://love.xuehuayu.cn/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-heart"> LOVE</i></a></div></div><div class="pure-g" id="layout"><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-3-4"><div class="content_container"><div class="post"><h1 class="post-title c-post">彻底搞懂浏览器Event Loop</h1><div class="post-meta"><span class="date">2019-09-29</span><span> | </span><span class="tag"><a href="/tags/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BD%BD/">转载 </a></span><span> | </span><span class="category"><a href="/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF/">前端 </a></span><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"> | <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa fa-spinner"></i></span><span> 阅读</span></span><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-text"> | </span><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-keyboard-o"></i><span class="post-count"> 2.1k</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 字</span></span></span><span class="post-time"> | <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-hourglass-half"></i><span class="post-count"> 7</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 分钟</span></span></span></div><a class="disqus-comment-count" href="/article/16017.html#vcomment"><span class="waline-comment-count" data-path="/article/16017.html"></span><span> 条评论</span></a><div class="post-content"><p><code>原文地址：https://github.com/YvetteLau/Blog/issues/4</code><br>前段时间，和头条的小伙伴聊天问头条面试前端会问哪些问题，他称如果是他面试的话，event-loop肯定是要问的。那天聊了蛮多，event-loop算是给我留下了很深的印象。原因很简单，因为之前我从未深入了解过，如果是面试的时候，我遇到了这个问题，估计回答得肯定不如人意。<br>因此，最近我阅读了一些相关的文章，并细细梳理了一番，输出了本篇博文，希望能帮助大家搞懂浏览器的event-loop。后续会继续补充node中的event-loop。</p>
20
+ <span id="more"></span>
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+
22
+ <h3 id="1-预备知识"><a href="#1-预备知识" class="headerlink" title="1. 预备知识"></a>1. 预备知识</h3><blockquote>
23
+ <p>JavaScript的运行机制:</p>
24
+ </blockquote>
25
+ <p>（1）所有同步任务都在主线程上执行，形成一个执行栈（execution context stack）。</p>
26
+ <p>（2）主线程之外，还存在”任务队列”(task queue)。只要异步任务有了运行结果，就在”任务队列”之中放置一个事件。</p>
27
+ <p>（3）一旦”执行栈”中的所有同步任务执行完毕，系统就会读取”任务队列”，看看里面有哪些事件。那些对应的异步任务，于是结束等待状态，进入执行栈，开始执行。</p>
28
+ <p>（4）主线程不断重复上面的第三步</p>
29
+ <p>概括即是: 调用栈中的同步任务都执行完毕，栈内被清空了，就代表主线程空闲了，这个时候就会去任务队列中按照顺序读取一个任务放入到栈中执行。每次栈内被清空，都会去读取任务队列有没有任务，有就读取执行，一直循环读取-执行的操作</p>
30
+ <blockquote>
31
+ <p>一个事件循环中有一个或者是多个任务队列<br>JavaScript中有两种异步任务:</p>
32
+ </blockquote>
33
+ <ol>
34
+ <li><p>宏任务: script（整体代码）, setTimeout, setInterval, setImmediate, I&#x2F;O, UI rendering</p>
35
+ </li>
36
+ <li><p>微任务: process.nextTick（Nodejs）, Promises, Object.observe, MutationObserver;</p>
37
+ </li>
38
+ </ol>
39
+ <h3 id="2-事件循环-event-loop-是什么？"><a href="#2-事件循环-event-loop-是什么？" class="headerlink" title="2. 事件循环(event-loop)是什么？"></a>2. 事件循环(event-loop)是什么？</h3><p>主线程从”任务队列”中读取执行事件，这个过程是循环不断的，这个机制被称为事件循环。此机制具体如下:主线程会不断从任务队列中按顺序取任务执行，每执行完一个任务都会检查microtask队列是否为空（执行完一个任务的具体标志是函数执行栈为空），如果不为空则会一次性执行完所有microtask。然后再进入下一个循环去任务队列中取下一个任务执行。</p>
40
+ <blockquote>
41
+ <h4 id="详细说明"><a href="#详细说明" class="headerlink" title="详细说明:"></a>详细说明:</h4></blockquote>
42
+ <ol>
43
+ <li>选择当前要执行的宏任务队列，选择一个最先进入任务队列的宏任务，如果没有宏任务可以选择，则会跳转至microtask的执行步骤。</li>
44
+ <li>将事件循环的当前运行宏任务设置为已选择的宏任务。</li>
45
+ <li>运行宏任务。</li>
46
+ <li>将事件循环的当前运行任务设置为null。</li>
47
+ <li>将运行完的宏任务从宏任务队列中移除。</li>
48
+ <li>microtasks步骤：进入microtask检查点。</li>
49
+ <li>更新界面渲染。</li>
50
+ <li>返回第一步。</li>
51
+ </ol>
52
+ <p><strong>执行进入microtask检查的的具体步骤如下:</strong></p>
53
+ <ol>
54
+ <li>设置进入microtask检查点的标志为true。</li>
55
+ <li>当事件循环的微任务队列不为空时：选择一个最先进入microtask队列的microtask；设置事件循环的当前运行任务为已选择的microtask；运行microtask；设置事件循环的当前运行任务为null；将运行结束的microtask从microtask队列中移除。</li>
56
+ <li>对于相应事件循环的每个环境设置对象（environment settings object）,通知它们哪些promise为rejected。</li>
57
+ <li>清理indexedDB的事务。</li>
58
+ <li>设置进入microtask检查点的标志为false。</li>
59
+ </ol>
60
+ <p><strong>需要注意的是:当前执行栈执行完毕时会立刻先处理所有微任务队列中的事件, 然后再去宏任务队列中取出一个事件。同一次事件循环中, 微任务永远在宏任务之前执行。</strong></p>
61
+ <p>图示:</p>
62
+ <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f255e479886ff6c493d3242e3eb4b8be821bd488/68747470733a2f2f6e6f74652e796f7564616f2e636f6d2f7977732f7075626c69632f7265736f757263652f66343537303163633431303530346537316462626362643838363165386430632f786d6c6e6f74652f5745425245534f5552434530323239306265343038356633666364323834393532306534613662323438662f3239353136"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f255e479886ff6c493d3242e3eb4b8be821bd488/68747470733a2f2f6e6f74652e796f7564616f2e636f6d2f7977732f7075626c69632f7265736f757263652f66343537303163633431303530346537316462626362643838363165386430632f786d6c6e6f74652f5745425245534f5552434530323239306265343038356633666364323834393532306534613662323438662f3239353136" alt="event-loop2"></a></p>
63
+ <h3 id="3-Event-loop-是如何工作的？"><a href="#3-Event-loop-是如何工作的？" class="headerlink" title="3. Event-loop 是如何工作的？"></a>3. Event-loop 是如何工作的？</h3><p>先看一个简单的示例：</p>
64
+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(<span class="function">()=&gt;</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&quot;setTimeout1&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">Promise</span>.<span class="title function_">resolve</span>().<span class="title function_">then</span>(<span class="function"><span class="params">data</span>=&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="number">222</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(<span class="function">()=&gt;</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&quot;setTimeout2&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title class_">Promise</span>.<span class="title function_">resolve</span>().<span class="title function_">then</span>(<span class="function"><span class="params">data</span>=&gt;</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="number">111</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
65
+
66
+ <p>思考一下, 运行结果是什么？</p>
67
+ <p>运行结果为:</p>
68
+ <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">setTimeout1</span><br><span class="line">222</span><br><span class="line">setTimeout2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
69
+
70
+ <p>我们来看一下为什么？</p>
71
+ <p>我们来详细说明一下, JS引擎是如何执行这段代码的:</p>
72
+ <ol>
73
+ <li>主线程上没有需要执行的代码</li>
74
+ <li>接着遇到setTimeout 0，它的作用是在 0ms 后将回调函数放到宏任务队列中(这个任务在下一次的事件循环中执行)。</li>
75
+ <li>接着遇到setTimeout 0，它的作用是在 0ms 后将回调函数放到宏任务队列中(这个任务在再下一次的事件循环中执行)。</li>
76
+ <li>首先检查微任务队列, 即 microtask队列，发现此队列不为空，执行第一个promise的then回调，输出 ‘111’。</li>
77
+ <li>此时microtask队列为空，进入下一个事件循环, 检查宏任务队列，发现有 setTimeout的回调函数，立即执行回调函数输出 ‘setTimeout1’,检查microtask 队列，发现队列不为空，执行promise的then回调，输出’222’，microtask队列为空，进入下一个事件循环。</li>
78
+ <li>检查宏任务队列，发现有 setTimeout的回调函数, 立即执行回调函数输出’setTimeout2’。</li>
79
+ </ol>
80
+ <p>再思考一下下面代码的执行顺序:</p>
81
+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;script start&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(<span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;setTimeout---0&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;, <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(<span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;setTimeout---200&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(<span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;inner-setTimeout---0&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">Promise</span>.<span class="title function_">resolve</span>().<span class="title function_">then</span>(<span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;promise5&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;, <span class="number">200</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title class_">Promise</span>.<span class="title function_">resolve</span>().<span class="title function_">then</span>(<span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;promise1&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;).<span class="title function_">then</span>(<span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;promise2&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title class_">Promise</span>.<span class="title function_">resolve</span>().<span class="title function_">then</span>(<span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;promise3&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;script end&#x27;</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
82
+
83
+ <p>思考一下, 运行结果是什么？</p>
84
+ <p>运行结果为:</p>
85
+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">script start</span><br><span class="line">script end</span><br><span class="line">promise1</span><br><span class="line">promise3</span><br><span class="line">promise2</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>---<span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>---<span class="number">200</span></span><br><span class="line">promise5</span><br><span class="line">inner-<span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>---<span class="number">0</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
86
+
87
+ <p>那么为什么？</p>
88
+ <p>我们来详细说明一下, JS引擎是如何执行这段代码的:</p>
89
+ <ol>
90
+ <li>首先顺序执行完主进程上的同步任务，第一句和最后一句的console.log</li>
91
+ <li>接着遇到setTimeout 0，它的作用是在 0ms 后将回调函数放到宏任务队列中(这个任务在下一次的事件循环中执行)。</li>
92
+ <li>接着遇到setTimeout 200，它的作用是在 200ms 后将回调函数放到宏任务队列中(这个任务在再下一次的事件循环中执行)。</li>
93
+ <li>同步任务执行完之后，首先检查微任务队列, 即 microtask队列，发现此队列不为空，执行第一个promise的then回调，输出 ‘promise1’，然后执行第二个promise的then回调，输出’promise3’，由于第一个promise的.then()的返回依然是promise，所以第二个.then()会放到microtask队列继续执行，输出 ‘promise2’;</li>
94
+ <li>此时microtask队列为空，进入下一个事件循环, 检查宏任务队列，发现有 setTimeout的回调函数，立即执行回调函数输出 ‘setTimeout—0’,检查microtask 队列，队列为空，进入下一次事件循环.</li>
95
+ <li>检查宏任务队列，发现有 setTimeout的回调函数, 立即执行回调函数输出’setTimeout—200’.</li>
96
+ <li>接着遇到setTimeout 0，它的作用是在 0ms 后将回调函数放到宏任务队列中，检查微任务队列，即 microtask 队列，发现此队列不为空，执行promise的then回调，输出’promise5’。</li>
97
+ <li>此时microtask队列为空，进入下一个事件循环，检查宏任务队列，发现有 setTimeout 的回调函数，立即执行回调函数输出，输出’inner-setTimeout—0’。代码执行结束.</li>
98
+ </ol>
99
+ <h3 id="4-为什么会需要event-loop"><a href="#4-为什么会需要event-loop" class="headerlink" title="4. 为什么会需要event-loop?"></a>4. 为什么会需要event-loop?</h3><p>因为 JavaScript 是单线程的。单线程就意味着，所有任务需要排队，前一个任务结束，才会执行后一个任务。如果前一个任务耗时很长，后一个任务就不得不一直等着。为了协调事件（event），用户交互（user interaction），脚本（script），渲染（rendering），网络（networking）等，用户代理（user agent）必须使用事件循环（event loops）。</p>
100
+ <p>最后有一点需要注意的是：本文介绍的是浏览器的Event-loop，因此在测试验证时，一定要使用浏览器环境进行测试验证，如果使用了node环境，那么结果不一定是如上所说。</p>
101
+ <h3 id="5-参考文章"><a href="#5-参考文章" class="headerlink" title="5. 参考文章:"></a>5. 参考文章:</h3><ol>
102
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000013233792?utm_source=index-hottest">https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000013233792?utm_source&#x3D;index-hottest</a></li>
103
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000010622146">https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000010622146</a></li>
104
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000013861128">https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000013861128</a></li>
105
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2014/10/event-loop.html">http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2014/10/event-loop.html</a></li>
106
+ </ol>
107
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