cainiaoblog 23.2.171

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+ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/js/fixedPage.min.js"></script><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head><body><div class="body_container"><div id="header"><div class="site-name"><a id="logo" href="/.">前端壹菜鸟</a><p class="description">关注前端知识，收集精彩博文，做技术的搬运工</p></div><div id="nav-menu"><a class="current" href="/." target="_self"><i class="fa fa-home"> 首页</i></a><a href="/archives/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-archive"> 归档</i></a><a href="/guestbook/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-comments"> 留言</i></a><a href="/about/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-user"> 关于</i></a><a href="https://laonongmin.online/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-group"> 看看</i></a><a href="https://love.xuehuayu.cn/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-heart"> LOVE</i></a></div></div><div class="pure-g" id="layout"><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-3-4"><div class="content_container"><div class="post"><h1 class="post-title c-post">MVVM 双向绑定全量版整理</h1><div class="post-meta"><span class="date">2019-12-02</span><span> | </span><span class="tag"><a href="/tags/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BD%BD/">转载 </a></span><span> | </span><span class="category"><a href="/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF/">前端 </a></span><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"> | <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa fa-spinner"></i></span><span> 阅读</span></span><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-text"> | </span><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-keyboard-o"></i><span class="post-count"> 4.4k</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 字</span></span></span><span class="post-time"> | <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-hourglass-half"></i><span class="post-count"> 17</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 分钟</span></span></span></div><a class="disqus-comment-count" href="/article/52877.html#vcomment"><span class="waline-comment-count" data-path="/article/52877.html"></span><span> 条评论</span></a><div class="post-content"><p><code>原文地址：https://www.infoq.cn/article/sGeiocEofyryEbrkYH30</code></p>
20
+ <blockquote>
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+ <p>随着各大前端框架的崛起，前端技术热词不断演进，我们只有知道发展的原因，才能去理解各项技术的优劣，根据应用的实际情况做出最合适的技术栈选择。<br>当前前端领域的前沿特性，双向绑定必占一席，双向绑定是怎么来的？各大框架如何实现双向绑定？我们怎样做出选择？本文对此作了全面整理说明。</p>
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+ </blockquote>
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+ <span id="more"></span>
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+
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+ <h2 id="发展背景"><a href="#发展背景" class="headerlink" title="发展背景"></a>发展背景</h2><p>早期的 Web 开发主要基于 MVC 模式，MVC 即<code>Model-View-Controller</code>的缩写，表示模型 - 视图 - 控制器，一个标准的 Web 应用组成如下：</p>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>View 用来把数据以某种方式呈现给用户；</li>
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+ <li>Model 数据；</li>
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+ <li>Controller 接收并处理来自用户的请求，将 Model 返回给用户。</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <p><img src="https://static001.infoq.cn/resource/image/2d/62/2d7ef5326723b4c661d7b8a0b23c6262.png" alt="MVVM双向绑定全量版整理"></p>
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+ <p>这种 MVC 架构模式对于简单的应用是合适的，符合软件架构分层的思想。但随着 H5 的发展以及当前各种页面复杂操作行为及数据的出现，MVC 暴露出了痛点问题：</p>
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+ <ol>
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+ <li>代码中大量调用 DOM API 时，处理繁琐，使得代码难以维护。</li>
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+ <li>当 Model 频繁发生变化时，开发者需要主动更新到 View；用户操作导致 Model 发生变化时，同样需要将数据同步到 Model 中，很难维护复杂多变的数据状态。</li>
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+ </ol>
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+ <p>MVVM 是<code>Model-View-ViewModel</code>的缩写，VM 代替了 C，改变了通信方向，View 与 Model 不发生联系，通过 ViewModel 传递。可以做到 View 层用户操作时，ViewModel 层数据同步更新，ViewModel 数据变化时，支持同步更新到 View 层，提升了数据频繁变化时的代码可维护性。这里的 View 与 ViewModel 之间的双向同步过程，我们称之为双向绑定。</p>
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+ <p><img src="https://static001.infoq.cn/resource/image/a2/29/a21198875ea2b0b69da2dfb091729329.png" alt="MVVM双向绑定全量版整理"></p>
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+ <p>用一张动图来感受一下，表单 change 产生数据变化时自动更新 ViewModel, ViewModel 因外界事件导致数据改变时会同步到 View。</p>
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+ <p><img src="https://static001.infoq.cn/resource/image/58/5a/583eb02cb586372f2d7345910dff675a.gif" alt="MVVM双向绑定全量版整理"></p>
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+ <p>当前热门的前端框架 Angular 和 Vue 都主打 MVVM 模式，建立视图层与视图模型层之间的数据连接，可以轻松实现表单变化的数据反馈到模型层。而 React 框架则推荐单向数据流，使用自身 render 机制完成视图渲染，实际上只担任了 View 层。我们来看一看各个不同框架对此都做了怎样的工作。</p>
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+ <h2 id="Angular-的脏值检测"><a href="#Angular-的脏值检测" class="headerlink" title="Angular 的脏值检测"></a>Angular 的脏值检测</h2><p>脏值检测是 Angular 的数据更新思路，”脏值“意为<code>dirty data</code>，表示当前数据与上一轮 UI 更新的数据不同，Angular 通过监听数据异步更新，采用比较不同 component 组件中方式更新 DOM。总结起来, 主要有如下几种情况可能改变数据：</p>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>用户输入事件，比如 click 事件；</li>
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+ <li>请求服务端数据 (XHR)；</li>
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+ <li>定时事件，比如 setTimeout，setInterval。</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <p>上述三种情况都有一个共同点，即这些导致绑定值发生改变的事件都是异步发生的，如下为 JavaScript 的异步机制：</p>
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+ <p><img src="https://static001.infoq.cn/resource/image/3a/ba/3aa2a1836119b9e2848fbc8054c9e1ba.png" alt="MVVM双向绑定全量版整理"></p>
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+ <p>左边表示将要运行的代码，这里的 stack 表示 JavaScript 的运行栈，而 WebApi 则是浏览器中提供的一些 JavaScript 的 API，TaskQueue 表示 JavaScript 中任务队列，因为 JavaScript 是单线程的，异步任务在任务队列中执行。如果这些异步的事件在发生时能够执行 Angular 重写的异步事件，通知到 Angular 框架，那么 Angular 就能及时的检测到变化。Angular 在这里使用了 Zone.js 做异步处理的脏值检测，细节可以查看<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.strongbrew.io/how-the-hell-do-zones-really-work/">《Zone.js 究竟是如何工作的》</a>以及<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/angular/zone.js"> angular&#x2F;zone.js 源码</a>。</p>
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+ <p>Angular 的每一个 Component 都对应有一个<code>changeDetector</code>，意为变化检测器。由于我们的多个 Component 是一个树状结构的组织，一个 Component 对应一个 changeDetector，所以 changeDetector 之间同样是一个树状结构的组织。</p>
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+ <p>我们用一个图例来进行说明检测到脏值变化后的更新过程，下图每一个模块都是一个 changeDetector 变化检测器，红色区块表示有 UI 更新的变化检测器，左侧为脏值变化检测前，右侧为有脏值变化时的 UI 更新。根据上述 EventLoop 机制，Angular 框架层捕获到异步事件对一个 component 数据更新后，从根组件开始，通知当前组件链路及以下链路，进行 View 层更新 (OnPush 模式)。因此，无论是从 V 层出发的用户输入事件，还是 VM 处产生的定时、Http 事件，都能保证数据更新、界面更新！</p>
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+ <p><img src="https://static001.infoq.cn/resource/image/95/1a/9566609341cb845eb5083b742cc8761a.png" alt="MVVM双向绑定全量版整理"></p>
54
+ <p><img src="https://static001.infoq.cn/resource/image/80/ef/80640256e264514f7a51a7f810710def.jpg" alt="MVVM双向绑定全量版整理"></p>
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+ <p>但是自 Angular1 推出脏值检测机制以来，在性能上一直饱受质疑，原因如下：</p>
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+ <ol>
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+ <li>如果有一个 ComponentA 数据修改，影响了下路 ComponentB。</li>
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+ <li>下路的 componentB 数据在更新时触发了数据调整机制，下路 Component 更新的短时间过程中，又影响了 ComponentA。那么最终是否会形成 ComponentA、ComponentB 的检测循环？</li>
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+ </ol>
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+ <p>对于以上问题，Angular1 的解决方式是，如果有 10 次往复循环，就不再进行继续检测。无论是性能还是结果，都不能令人满意。因此 Angular2 以脱胎换骨的方式进行了重构，支持 dev 开发模式与 prod 线上模式，prod 线上模式只进行单向数据流检测，并支持设置<code>ChangeDetectionStrategy</code>变化检测策略，具备局部组件 View 层更新能力，因此性能上有了明显突破。</p>
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+ <p><img src="https://static001.infoq.cn/resource/image/4a/69/4a371ea97e7bfc2ca163e0332104e969.png" alt="MVVM双向绑定全量版整理"></p>
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+ <h2 id="Vue-的数据劫持-发布订阅"><a href="#Vue-的数据劫持-发布订阅" class="headerlink" title="Vue 的数据劫持 + 发布订阅"></a>Vue 的数据劫持 + 发布订阅</h2><p>Vue 的双向绑定策略基础是数据劫持，在 Vue2.0 中使用了 ES5 语法 Object.defineProperty，来劫持各个属性的 setter&#x2F;getter，在数据变动时发布消息给订阅者（Wacther）, 触发相应的监听回调。先来看一下这个 ES5 特性，我们可以通过 Object.defineProperty 这个方法，直接在一个对象上定义一个新的属性，或者修改已存在的属性，最终这个方法会返回该对象，如下为简单说明，对该特性不了解的同学可以查看《JavaScript 高级程序设计》的第六章，或者在线访问<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty"> MDN Web 文档</a>。</p>
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+ <p>复制代码</p>
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+ <pre><code>var o = &#123;&#125;;
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+
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+ var value = 1;
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+
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+ Object.defineProperty(o, &#39;a&#39;, &#123;
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+
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+ get: function() &#123; return value; &#125;,
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+
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+ set: function(newValue) &#123; value = newValue; &#125;,
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+
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+ enumerable: true,
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+
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+ configurable: true
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+
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+ &#125;);
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+
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+ o.a; // 1
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+
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+ o.a = 2;
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+
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+ o.a; // 2
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+ </code></pre>
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+ <p>结合这一特定与发布订阅机制，可以实现完整的双向绑定。如下所示，Observer 数据监听器能够对数据对象的所有属性进行监听，如有变动可拿到最新值并通知订阅者，内部采用 Object.defineProperty 的 getter 和 setter 来实现。</p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <p>Compile 指令解析器，它的作用对每个元素节点的指令进行扫描和解析，根据指令模板替换数据，以及绑定相应的更新函数。</p>
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+ </blockquote>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <p>Watcher 订阅者， 作为连接 Observer 和 Compile 的桥梁，能够订阅并收到每个属性变动的通知，执行指令绑定的相应回调函数。</p>
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+ </blockquote>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <p>Dep 消息订阅器，内部维护了一个数组，用来收集订阅者（Watcher），数据变动触发 notify 函数，再调用订阅者的 update 方法。</p>
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+ </blockquote>
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+ <p>当执行 new Vue() 时，Vue 就进入了初始化阶段，一方面会遍历 data 选项中的属性，用 Object.defineProperty 将它们转为 getter&#x2F;setter，实现数据变化监听功能；另一方面，Vue 的指令编译器 Compile 对元素节点的指令进行扫描和解析，初始化视图，并订阅 Watcher 来更新视图， 此时 Wather 会将自己添加到消息订阅器中 (Dep), 初始化完毕。当数据发生变化时，Observer 中的 setter 方法被触发，setter 会立即调用 Dep.notify()，Dep 开始遍历所有的订阅者，并调用订阅者的 update 方法，订阅者收到通知后对视图进行相应的更新。</p>
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+ <p><img src="https://static001.infoq.cn/resource/image/43/9f/43e47f50f1ad9358a2e9ab4e5d10879f.png" alt="MVVM双向绑定全量版整理"></p>
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+ <p>使用 Object.defineProperty 这个特性存在一些明显的缺点，总结起来大概是下面两个：</p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <ol>
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+ <li><blockquote>
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+ <p>Object.defineProperty 无法监控到数组下标的变化，当监控数组数据对象的时候，实质上就是监控数组的地址，地址不变也就不会被监测到。为了解决这个问题，经过 Vue 内部处理后可以使用 push、pop、shift、unshift、splice、sort、reverse 来监听数组。</p>
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+ </blockquote>
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+ </li>
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+ <li><blockquote>
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+ <p>Object.defineProperty 只能劫持对象的属性, 因此我们需要对每个对象的每个属性进行遍历。Vue 2.x 里，是通过 递归 + 遍历 data 对象来实现对数据的监控的，如果属性值也是对象那么需要深度遍历，显然如果能劫持一个完整的对象是才是更好的选择。</p>
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+ </blockquote>
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+ </li>
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+ </ol>
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+ </blockquote>
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+ <p>由于只针对了以上八种方法进行了 hack 处理, 所以其他数组的属性也是检测不到的，还是具有一定的局限性。Vue3.0 中使用了 ES6 语法 Proxy，用于取代 defineProperty，使用 Proxy 有以下两个优点：</p>
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+ <blockquote>
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+ <ol>
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+ <li>可以劫持整个对象，并返回一个新对象；</li>
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+ <li>有 13 种劫持操作。</li>
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+ </ol>
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+ </blockquote>
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+ <p>既然 Proxy 能解决以上两个问题，而且 Proxy 作为 ES6 的新属性在 Vue2.x 之前就有了，为什么 Vue2.x 不使用 Proxy 呢？一个很重要的原因就是，Proxy 是 ES6 提供的新特性，兼容性不好，并且这个属性无法用 polyfill 来兼容。</p>
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+ <p>Vue 的双向绑定策略成为当前考察前端人员技术功底的重点，我们以 Object.defineProperty 特性实现一个简单的双向绑定，实现最初的 hello everyone 效果。</p>
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+ <p>复制代码</p>
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+ <pre><code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;htmllang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;head&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;title&gt; 双向绑定最最最初级 demo&lt;/title&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;metacharset=&quot;UTF-8&quot;&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;/head&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;body&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;divid=&quot;app&quot;&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;inputtype=&quot;text&quot;id=&quot;txt&quot;&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;pid=&quot;show-txt&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;buttononClick=&quot;changeData()&quot;&gt; 更新数据 &lt;/button&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;/div&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;/body&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;script&gt;
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+
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+ var obj=&#123;&#125;
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+
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+ Object.defineProperty(obj,&#39;txt&#39;,&#123;
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+
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+ get:function()&#123;
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+
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+ return obj
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+
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+ &#125;,
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+
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+ set:function(newValue)&#123;
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+
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+ document.getElementById(&#39;txt&#39;).value = newValue
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+
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+ document.getElementById(&#39;show-txt&#39;).innerHTML = newValue
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+
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+ &#125;
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+
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+ &#125;)
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+
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+ document.addEventListener(&#39;keyup&#39;,function(e)&#123;
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+
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+ obj.txt = e.target.value
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+
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+ &#125;)
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+
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+ changeData = function() &#123;
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+
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+ obj.txt = &#39;hello world&#39;;
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+
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+ &#125;
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+
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+ &lt;/script&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;/html&gt;
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+ </code></pre>
185
+ <p>由于<code>Object.defineProperty</code>默认只能劫持值类型数据，对引用类型数据的内部修改无法劫持，需要重写覆盖原原型方法，以 Array 为例，如下可以支持到 7 种数组方法：</p>
186
+ <p>复制代码</p>
187
+ <pre><code>let arr = [];
188
+
189
+ let arrayMethod = Object.create(Array.prototype);
190
+
191
+ [&#39;push&#39;, &#39;pop&#39;, &#39;shift&#39;, &#39;unshift&#39;, &#39;splice&#39;, &#39;sort&#39;, &#39;reverse&#39;].forEach(function (method) &#123;
192
+
193
+ Object.defineProperty(arrayMethod, method, &#123;
194
+
195
+ enumerable: true,
196
+
197
+ configurable: true,
198
+
199
+ value: function () &#123;
200
+
201
+ let args = [...arguments]
202
+
203
+ Array.prototype[method].apply(this, args);
204
+
205
+ console.log(`operation: $&#123;method&#125;`);
206
+
207
+ &#125;
208
+
209
+ &#125;)
210
+
211
+ &#125;);
212
+
213
+ arr.__proto__ = arrayMethod;
214
+
215
+ arr.push(1); // 劫持到了 push 方法
216
+ </code></pre>
217
+ <p>相对完整的仿 Vue 双向绑定实现，来自<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/merico/Blog/tree/master/Object.defineProperty_Array">双向绑定数组源码</a>。</p>
218
+ <p>复制代码</p>
219
+ <pre><code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
220
+
221
+ &lt;htmllang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
222
+
223
+ &lt;head&gt;
224
+
225
+ &lt;title&gt; 双向绑定支持数组监听 &lt;/title&gt;
226
+
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+ &lt;metacharset=&quot;UTF-8&quot;&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;/head&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;body&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;divid=&quot;app&quot;&gt;
234
+
235
+ &lt;divid=&#39;list&#39;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;inputtype=&quot;button&quot;value=&quot; 添加 &quot;onclick=&quot;btnAdd()&quot; /&gt;
238
+
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+ &lt;inputtype=&quot;button&quot;value=&quot; 删除 &quot;onclick=&quot;btnDel()&quot; /&gt;
240
+
241
+ &lt;/div&gt;
242
+
243
+ &lt;/body&gt;
244
+
245
+ &lt;script&gt;
246
+
247
+ // 数据源
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+
249
+ let vm = &#123;
250
+
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+ list: [1, 2, 3, 4]
252
+
253
+ &#125;
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+
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+ // 用于管理 watcher 的 Dep 对象
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+
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+ let Dep = function () &#123;
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+
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+ this.list = [];
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+
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+ this.add = function (watcher) &#123;
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+
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+ this.list.push(watcher)
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+
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+ &#125;;
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+
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+ this.notify = function (newValue) &#123;
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+
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+ this.list.forEach(function (fn) &#123;
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+
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+ fn(newValue)
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+
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+ &#125;)
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+
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+ &#125;
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+
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+ &#125;;
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+
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+ // 模拟 compile, 通过对 Html 的解析生成一系列订阅者（watcher）
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+
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+ functionrenderList() &#123;
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+
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+ let listContainer = document.querySelector(&#39;#list&#39;);
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+
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+ let contentList = &#39;&#39;;
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+
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+ vm.list.forEach(function (item) &#123;
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+
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+ contentList = contentList + `&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;$&#123;item&#125;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/div&gt;`
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+
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+ &#125;)
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+
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+ listContainer.innerHTML = contentList;
294
+
295
+ &#125;
296
+
297
+ // 将解析出来的 watcher 存入 Dep 中待用
298
+
299
+ let dep = new Dep();
300
+
301
+ dep.add(renderList)
302
+
303
+ // 核心方法
304
+
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+ functioninitMVVM(vm) &#123;
306
+
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+ Object.keys(vm).forEach(function (key) &#123;
308
+
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+ let value = vm[key];
310
+
311
+ if (Array.isArray(value)) &#123;
312
+
313
+ observeArray(vm, key)
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+
315
+ &#125;
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+
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+ &#125;)
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+
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+ &#125;
320
+
321
+ functionobserveArray(vm, key) &#123;
322
+
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+ let arrayMethod = bindWatcherToArray();
324
+
325
+ vm[key].__proto__ = arrayMethod;
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+
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+ &#125;
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+
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+ functionbindWatcherToArray() &#123;
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+
331
+ let arrayMethod = Object.create(Array.prototype);
332
+
333
+ [&#39;push&#39;, &#39;pop&#39;, &#39;shift&#39;, &#39;unshift&#39;, &#39;splice&#39;, &#39;sort&#39;, &#39;reverse&#39;].forEach(function (method) &#123;
334
+
335
+ Object.defineProperty(arrayMethod, method, &#123;
336
+
337
+ enumerable: true,
338
+
339
+ configurable: true,
340
+
341
+ value: function () &#123;
342
+
343
+ let args = [...arguments]
344
+
345
+ Array.prototype[method].apply(this, args);
346
+
347
+ console.log(`operation: $&#123;method&#125;`)
348
+
349
+ dep.notify();
350
+
351
+ &#125;
352
+
353
+ &#125;)
354
+
355
+ &#125;);
356
+
357
+ return arrayMethod
358
+
359
+ &#125;
360
+
361
+ // 页面引用的方法
362
+
363
+ functionbtnAdd() &#123;
364
+
365
+ vm.list.push(Math.random())
366
+
367
+ &#125;
368
+
369
+ functionbtnDel() &#123;
370
+
371
+ vm.list.pop()
372
+
373
+ &#125;
374
+
375
+ // 初始化数据源
376
+
377
+ initMVVM(vm)
378
+
379
+ // 初始化页面
380
+
381
+ dep.notify();
382
+
383
+ &lt;/script&gt;
384
+
385
+ &lt;/html&gt;
386
+ </code></pre>
387
+ <h2 id="React-的工具辅助"><a href="#React-的工具辅助" class="headerlink" title="React 的工具辅助"></a>React 的工具辅助</h2><p>React 推荐单向数据流，目标从来不是“让开发者写更少的代码”，而是让“代码结构更加清晰易于维护”。加上有如下 Redux 的状态管理方案，可以很清楚地了解应用中状态数据，体现其单向数据流的优势。</p>
388
+ <p><img src="https://static001.infoq.cn/resource/image/ea/73/ea7cc8ee37c9cc3d36b83a8a8415aa73.png" alt="MVVM双向绑定全量版整理"></p>
389
+ <p>由于 React 推荐单向数据流，没有上述 Angular 和 Vue 的双向绑定特性，如果出现似表单类用户视图和存储数据有同步的业务场景，我们需要怎么实现？Redux 的重型状态管理不适合应用于每个场景。一般在 React 里的表单，我们可以监听 “change” 事件来实现数据变更，默认写法是从数据源（通常是 DOM）读取并在我们的某个组件调用 setState() , 如下代码为常规的表单使用方式：</p>
390
+ <p>复制代码</p>
391
+ <pre><code>var NoLink = React.createClass(&#123;
392
+
393
+ getInitialState: function() &#123;
394
+
395
+ return &#123;message: &#39;Hello!&#39;&#125;;
396
+
397
+ &#125;,
398
+
399
+ handleChange: function(event) &#123;
400
+
401
+ this.setState(&#123;message: event.target.value&#125;);
402
+
403
+ &#125;,
404
+
405
+ render: function() &#123;
406
+
407
+ var message = this.state.message;
408
+
409
+ return&lt;inputtype=&quot;text&quot;value=&#123;message&#125;onChange=&#123;this.handleChange&#125; /&gt;;
410
+
411
+ &#125;
412
+
413
+ &#125;);
414
+ </code></pre>
415
+ <p>以上写法每出现一个表单，就需要绑定一个事件，在只有少量表单时还能使用，一旦表单增多，维护大量 value 和 onChange 成了 React 的痛点。React 官方也提供了一种方案 ReactLink：设置如上代码描述的通用数据回流模式的语法糖，或者 “linking” 某些数据结构到 React state，做一层对 onChange 和 setState() 模式的薄包装。它没有根本性地改变你的 React 应用里数据如何流动，下面是 ReactLink 提供的使用方式：</p>
416
+ <p>复制代码</p>
417
+ <pre><code>var LinkedStateMixin = require(&#39;react-addons-linked-state-mixin&#39;);
418
+
419
+ var WithLink = React.createClass(&#123;
420
+
421
+ mixins: [LinkedStateMixin],
422
+
423
+ getInitialState: function() &#123;
424
+
425
+ return &#123;message: &#39;Hello!&#39;&#125;;
426
+
427
+ &#125;,
428
+
429
+ render: function() &#123;
430
+
431
+ return&lt;inputtype=&quot;text&quot;valueLink=&#123;this.linkState(&#39;message&#39;)&#125; /&gt;;
432
+
433
+ &#125;
434
+
435
+ &#125;);
436
+ </code></pre>
437
+ <p>实际项目中，我们几乎不会使用官方提供的 createClass 方案，毕竟写法受限。如何减少 value 与 onChange 的使用，简化 React 下的表单开发，成为了大量轮子制造工程的出发点。下述各团队产出的 form 表单解决方案都给出了一定的方式，以及其他各种平台下的开源轮子数不胜数，可以选择一两种进行了解。</p>
438
+ <ul>
439
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/56280821">阿里 Fusion：Form 表单组件设计之路 - 高易用性</a></li>
440
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/51748223">阿里飞冰： Ice FormBinder </a></li>
441
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/62927004?spm=ata.13261165.0.0.545c6945ca8kKm">阿里供应链平台：面向复杂场景的高性能表单解决方案 - UForm </a></li>
442
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/44120143">阿里 NoForm：一个更好的表单解决方案</a></li>
443
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/57820186"> React 实现高度简洁的 Form 组件</a></li>
444
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://redux-form.com/7.0.3/"> redux-form </a></li>
445
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://github.com/final-form/final-form"> final-form </a></li>
446
+ </ul>
447
+ <p>追根究底，都是对大量的 value 与 onChange 进行整合，将表单 DOM 的使用方式简化，由辅助函数统一控制。我们可以通过处理函数通用化，来模拟文中提到的动态双向绑定效果。</p>
448
+ <p>复制代码</p>
449
+ <pre><code>import React, &#123;Component&#125; from&#39;react&#39;
450
+
451
+ exportdefaultclassHelloextendsComponent&#123;
452
+
453
+ state = &#123; val: &#39;&#39; &#125;;
454
+
455
+ handleInput = _event =&gt; &#123;
456
+
457
+ let event = _event;
458
+
459
+ let elem = event.target;
460
+
461
+ let value = elem.value;
462
+
463
+ if (elem.attributes.bindField !== null) &#123;
464
+
465
+ let attr = elem.attributes.bindField.value;
466
+
467
+ this.setState(state =&gt; state[attr] = value);
468
+
469
+ &#125;
470
+
471
+ &#125;
472
+
473
+ updateValue = (getFiled, getValue) =&gt; &#123;
474
+
475
+ let fieldNodeList = [...document.querySelectorAll(&#39;[bindField]&#39;)];
476
+
477
+ let fieldNode = fieldNodeList.find(node =&gt; node.attributes[0].nodeValue === getFiled);
478
+
479
+ fieldNode.value = getValue;
480
+
481
+ let attr = fieldNode.attributes.bindField.value;
482
+
483
+ this.setState(state =&gt; state[attr] = getValue);
484
+
485
+ &#125;
486
+
487
+ render() &#123;
488
+
489
+ return (
490
+
491
+ &lt;div&gt;
492
+
493
+ &lt;inputonInput=&#123;this.handleInput&#125;bindField=&#123;&#39;val&#39;&#125; /&gt;
494
+
495
+ &lt;p&gt;&#123;this.state.val&#125;&lt;/p&gt;
496
+
497
+ &lt;buttononClick=&#123;() =&gt; this.updateValue(&#39;val&#39;, &#39;hello world&#39;)&#125;&gt; 设置 &lt;/button&gt;
498
+
499
+ &lt;/div&gt;
500
+
501
+ )
502
+
503
+ &#125;
504
+
505
+ &#125;
506
+ </code></pre>
507
+ <h2 id="写在最后"><a href="#写在最后" class="headerlink" title="写在最后"></a>写在最后</h2><p>关于 MVVM 双向绑定的策略百花齐放，各有利弊，Angular 与 Vue 通过不同策略直接将双向绑定特性植入框架中，React 推荐单向数据流，但也确实存在不少需要减少编码的双向绑定场景，因此涌现了大量双向绑定辅助库。</p>
508
+ <p>Angular 框架大而全，主要由 Google 团队维护，从特性上看适用于中后台应用，每个关键模块都有官方主导，因此更为稳定。React 实际上仅为一个视图层 Js 库，由 Facebook 推出，但经过社区整合，已经形成了完整的生态。Vue 属于后起之秀，没有大厂背景依靠，但由于使用简单，渲染快，在国内市场增速明显，周边生态也已成熟。</p>
509
+ <p>无论技术如何实现，只有适合自己当前业务场景的策略才是最好的解决方案。</p>
510
+ <p><strong>参考附录：</strong></p>
511
+ <ol>
512
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/onepixel/p/6034307.html">《Vue.js 和 MVVM 小细节》</a></li>
513
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000010928087">《angular 系列之变化检测 (Change Detection)》</a></li>
514
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/860418f0785c">《vue3.0 尝鲜 – 摒弃 Object.defineProperty，基于 Proxy 的观察者机制探索》</a></li>
515
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000011225943?utm_source=tag-newest">《实现一个简单的双向绑定》</a></li>
516
+ <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://reactjs.org/docs/two-way-binding-helpers.html">《react 官网双向绑定辅助工具》</a></li>
517
+ </ol>
518
+ <p><strong>作者介绍：</strong></p>
519
+ <p>飞来，就职于阿里巴巴 CBU 体验技术部，一个以前常写 Angular，刚开始转 React，研究过但没真正写 Vue 的前端人。</p>
520
+ </div><iframe src="/donate/?AliPayQR=https://store.xuehuayu.cn/store/public/alipay_qr.jpg&amp;WeChatQR=https://store.xuehuayu.cn/store/public/wechat_qr.png&amp;UnionPayQR=null&amp;GitHub=null&amp;BTCQR=null&amp;BTCKEY=null&amp;PayPal=https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/OrdinaryPerson" style="overflow-x:hidden; overflow-y:hidden; border:0xp none #fff; min-height:240px; width:100%;" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe><div><ul class="post-copyright"><li class="post-copyright-author"><strong>本文作者：</strong>雪花雨</li><li class="post-copyright-link"><strong>本文链接：</strong><a href="/article/52877.html">https://xuehuayu.cn/article/52877.html</a></li><li class="post-copyright-license"><strong>版权声明：</strong>① 标为原创的文章为博主原创，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接。② 转载文章来自网络，已标明出处，<a href="mailto:cainiaoblog@126.com">侵删</a>。</li></ul></div><br><div class="tags"><a href="/tags/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BD%BD/">转载</a></div><div class="post-nav"><a class="pre" href="/article/59059.html">20道JS原理题助你面试一臂之力！</a><a class="next" href="/article/34431.html">Node新版本13.2.0正式支持ES Modules特性</a></div><div id="vcomment"></div><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@waline/client@v2/dist/waline.min.css"><script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@waline/client@v2/dist/waline.js"></script><script>const origin = window.location.origin
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+ sofa: '沙发空缺中，还不快抢~',
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+ };
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+ Waline.init({
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+ el: '#vcomment',
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+ serverURL: serverURL,
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536
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+ </script></div></div></div><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-4 fixed-search hidden_mid_and_down"><div id="sidebar"><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/js/search.min.js"></script><div class="widget"><div class="widget-search"><input class="search" type="radio" name="search" value="baidu" id="baidu" checked="checked"/><label class="label" for="baidu" title="百度全站搜索">百度</label><input class="search" type="radio" name="search" value="google" id="google"/><label class="label" for="google" title="谷歌全站搜索">谷歌</label><input class="search" type="radio" name="search" value="self" id="self"/><label class="label" for="self" title="使用站内搜索">站内</label></div><div class="widget" id="search"><form class="search-form" action="//www.baidu.com/baidu" method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" target="_blank"><input type="search" name="word" maxlength="30" placeholder="百度全站搜索"/><input type="hidden" name="si" value="xuehuayu.cn"/><input type="hidden" name="cl" value="3"/><input type="hidden" name="ct" value="2097152"/><input type="hidden" name="s" value="on"/><input class="search-submit" type="submit" value=""/></form></div></div><script>$('input[type=radio][name=search]').change(function() {
541
+ var val = $(this).val()
542
+ var self = '<div class="search-form"><input id="local-search-input" placeholder="站内搜索，首次慢" type="search" name="q" results="0"><input class="search-submit" type="submit" value=""/><div id="local-search-result"></div></div>'
543
+ var google = '<form class="search-form" action="//www.google.com/search" method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" target="_blank"><input type="search" name="q" maxlength="30" placeholder="谷歌全站搜索"><input type="hidden" name="sitesearch" value="xuehuayu.cn"><input class="search-submit" type="submit" value=""/></form>'
544
+ var baidu = '<form class="search-form" action="//www.baidu.com/baidu" method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" target="_blank"><input type="search" name="word" maxlength="30" placeholder="百度全站搜索"><input type="hidden" name="si" value="xuehuayu.cn"><input type="hidden" name="cl" value="3"><input type="hidden" name="ct" value="2097152"><input type="hidden" name="s" value="on"><input class="search-submit" type="submit" value=""/></form>'
545
+
546
+ if (val === 'self') {
547
+ $('#search').html(self)
548
+ var search_path = 'search.xml';
549
+ if (search_path.length == 0) {
550
+ search_path = 'search.xml';
551
+ }
552
+ var path = 'https://cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/' + search_path;
553
+ searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
554
+ } else if (val === 'baidu') {
555
+ $('#search').html(baidu)
556
+ } else if (val === 'google') {
557
+ $('#search').html(google)
558
+ }
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