cainiaoblog 23.2.171

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+ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/js/fixedPage.min.js"></script><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head><body><div class="body_container"><div id="header"><div class="site-name"><a id="logo" href="/.">前端壹菜鸟</a><p class="description">关注前端知识，收集精彩博文，做技术的搬运工</p></div><div id="nav-menu"><a class="current" href="/." target="_self"><i class="fa fa-home"> 首页</i></a><a href="/archives/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-archive"> 归档</i></a><a href="/guestbook/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-comments"> 留言</i></a><a href="/about/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-user"> 关于</i></a><a href="https://laonongmin.online/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-group"> 看看</i></a><a href="https://love.xuehuayu.cn/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-heart"> LOVE</i></a></div></div><div class="pure-g" id="layout"><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-3-4"><div class="content_container"><div class="post"><h1 class="post-title c-post">ES2020（es11） 9个新特性出炉了，你最喜欢哪一个呢？</h1><div class="post-meta"><span class="date">2020-10-20</span><span> | </span><span class="tag"><a href="/tags/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BD%BD/">转载 </a></span><span> | </span><span class="category"><a href="/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF/">前端 </a></span><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"> | <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa fa-spinner"></i></span><span> 阅读</span></span><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-text"> | </span><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-keyboard-o"></i><span class="post-count"> 1.4k</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 字</span></span></span><span class="post-time"> | <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-hourglass-half"></i><span class="post-count"> 6</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 分钟</span></span></span></div><a class="disqus-comment-count" href="/article/20459.html#vcomment"><span class="waline-comment-count" data-path="/article/20459.html"></span><span> 条评论</span></a><div class="post-content"><p><code>原文：https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/</code><br><code>译文转自：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/133658121</code><br><code>译者：RichLab 前端 Jothy</code><br>ECMAScript 2020 新特性均已敲定。瞧瞧今年都有哪些看头，以及实际的例子吧。</p>
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+ <span id="more"></span>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23stringprototypematchall-by-jordan-harband">String.prototype.matchAll - 由 Jordan Harband 提出</a></li>
23
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23import-by-domenic-denicola">import() - 由 Domenic Denicola 提出</a></li>
24
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23bigint--arbitrary-precision-integers-by-daniel-ehrenberg">BigInt – 任意精度整数，由 Daniel Ehrenberg 提出</a></li>
25
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23promiseallsettled-by-jason-williams-robert-pamely-and--mathias-bynens">Promise.allSettled - 由 Jason Williams, Robert Pamely 和 Mathias Bynens 提出</a></li>
26
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23globalthis-by-jordan-harband">globalThis - 由 Jordan Harband 提出</a></li>
27
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23for-in-mechanics-by-kevin-gibbons">for-in 机制 - 由 Kevin Gibbons 提出</a></li>
28
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23optional-chaining-by-gabriel-isenberg-claude-pache-dustin-savery">可选链 - 由 Gabriel Isenberg, Claude Pache, Dustin Savery 提出</a></li>
29
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23nullish-coalescing-operator-by-gabriel-isenberg">空值合并运算符 - 由 Gabriel Isenberg 提出</a></li>
30
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23importmeta-by-domenic-denicola">import.meta - 由 Domenic Denicola 提出</a></li>
31
+ <li><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23export--as-ns-from-mod">export * as ns from “mod”</a></li>
32
+ </ul>
33
+ <h2 id="String-prototype-matchAll-由-Jordan-Harband-提出"><a href="#String-prototype-matchAll-由-Jordan-Harband-提出" class="headerlink" title="String.prototype.matchAll - 由 Jordan Harband 提出"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/#stringprototypematchall-by-jordan-harband">String.prototype.matchAll - 由 Jordan Harband 提出</a></h2><p><code>String.prototype</code> 的 <code>match()</code> 方法仅返回完整的匹配结果，却不会返回特定正则表达式组（Regex groups）的信息。感谢 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://twitter.com/ljharb">Jordan Harband</a> 提出的 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://github.c%253C/code%253E%25%253C/code%253E25%253C/code%253E25%253C/code%253E3C/code%253Eom/tc39/proposal-string-matchall">String.prototype.matchAll 协议</a>，它返回了远比 match() 多得多的信息——它返回的迭代器不仅包括精确的匹配结果，还有全部的正则模式捕获结果。你还记得由 Gorkem Yakin 和 Daniel Ehrenberg 在 ECMAScript 2018 中新增的<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2018/%23regexp-named-capture-groups-by-gorkem-yakin-and-daniel-ehrenberg">命名捕获组</a>吗？ matchAll() 方法完美实现了它。我们举个例子说明。 </p>
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+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 译者注：match() 方法</span></span><br><span class="line">consttext = <span class="string">&quot;From 2019.01.29 to 2019.01.30&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">constregexp = <span class="regexp">/(?&lt;year&gt;\d&#123;4&#125;).(?&lt;month&gt;\d&#123;2&#125;).(?&lt;day&gt;\d&#123;2&#125;)/gu</span>;</span><br><span class="line">constresults = text.<span class="title function_">match</span>(regexp);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(results); <span class="comment">// [ &#x27;2019.01.29&#x27;, &#x27;2019.01.30&#x27; ]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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+
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+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 译者注：matchAll() 方法，可以看到结果的 groups 为命名捕获组</span></span><br><span class="line">consttext = <span class="string">&quot;From 2019.01.29 to 2019.01.30&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">constregexp = <span class="regexp">/(?&lt;year&gt;\d&#123;4&#125;).(?&lt;month&gt;\d&#123;2&#125;).(?&lt;day&gt;\d&#123;2&#125;)/gu</span>;</span><br><span class="line">constresults = <span class="title class_">Array</span>.<span class="title function_">from</span>(text.<span class="title function_">matchAll</span>(regexp));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(results);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// [</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// [</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// &#x27;2019.01.29&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// &#x27;2019&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// &#x27;01&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// &#x27;29&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// index: 5,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// input: &#x27;From 2019.01.29 to 2019.01.30&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// groups: [Object: null prototype] &#123; year: &#x27;2019&#x27;, month: &#x27;01&#x27;, day: &#x27;29&#x27; &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// ],</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// [</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// &#x27;2019.01.30&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// &#x27;2019&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// &#x27;01&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// &#x27;30&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// index: 19,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// input: &#x27;From 2019.01.29 to 2019.01.30&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// groups: [Object: null prototype] &#123; year: &#x27;2019&#x27;, month: &#x27;01&#x27;, day: &#x27;30&#x27; &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// ]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// ]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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+
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+ <h2 id="import-由-Domenic-Denicola-提出"><a href="#import-由-Domenic-Denicola-提出" class="headerlink" title="import() - 由 Domenic Denicola 提出"></a><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23import-by-domenic-denicola">import() - 由 Domenic Denicola 提出</a></h2><p>ECMAScript 2015 引入了静态模块，与之相对应的是， 由 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://twitter.com/domenic">Domenic Denicola</a> 提出的可以按需获取的<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://github.com/tc39/proposal-dynamic-import">动态 import</a>. 该类函数格式（它并非继承自 <code>Function.prototype</code>）返回了一个强大的 promise 函数，使得诸如按需引入、可计算模块名以及脚本内计算均成为可能。</p>
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+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">constmodulePage = <span class="string">&#x27;page.js&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_">import</span>(modulePage).<span class="title function_">then</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params"><span class="variable language_">module</span></span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">module</span>.<span class="title function_">default</span>();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">(<span class="title function_">async</span>()=&gt;&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> consthelpersModule=<span class="string">&#x27;helpers.js&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> constmodule=<span class="keyword">await</span> <span class="title function_">import</span>(helpersModule)</span><br><span class="line"> consttotal=<span class="variable language_">module</span>.<span class="title function_">sum</span>(<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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+
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+ <h2 id="BigInt-–-任意精度整数，由-Daniel-Ehrenberg-提出"><a href="#BigInt-–-任意精度整数，由-Daniel-Ehrenberg-提出" class="headerlink" title="BigInt – 任意精度整数，由 Daniel Ehrenberg 提出"></a><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23bigint--arbitrary-precision-integers-by-daniel-ehrenberg">BigInt – 任意精度整数，由 Daniel Ehrenberg 提出</a></h2><p>感谢 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://twitter.com/littledan">Daniel Ehrenberg</a> 让 <code>Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER</code> 不再是 JavaScript 的限制。<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://github.com/tc39/proposal-bigint">BigInt 是一个新的原语</a>，它可以表示任意精度的整数。你可以通过 <code>BigInt</code> 方法，或是在一个数值后添加 <code>n</code> 后缀，来将一个 number 转换为 <code>bigint</code> 类型。</p>
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+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="title class_">Number</span>.<span class="property">MAX_SAFE_INTEGER</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 9007199254740991</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title class_">Number</span>.<span class="property">MAX_SAFE_INTEGER</span> + <span class="number">10</span> - <span class="number">10</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 9007199254740990 （译者注：精度丢失）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title class_">BigInt</span>(<span class="title class_">Number</span>.<span class="property">MAX_SAFE_INTEGER</span>) + <span class="number">10n</span> - <span class="number">10n</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 9007199254740991n （译者注：计算结果为 bigint 类型）</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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+
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+ <h2 id="Promise-allSettled-由-Jason-Williams-Robert-Pamely-和-Mathias-Bynens-提出"><a href="#Promise-allSettled-由-Jason-Williams-Robert-Pamely-和-Mathias-Bynens-提出" class="headerlink" title="Promise.allSettled - 由 Jason Williams, Robert Pamely 和 Mathias Bynens 提出"></a><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23promiseallsettled-by-jason-williams-robert-pamely-and--mathias-bynens">Promise.allSettled - 由 Jason Williams, Robert Pamely 和 Mathias Bynens 提出</a></h2><p>自从 ECMAScript ES2015 支持了仅有的两个 promise 连接符：<code>Promise.all()</code> 和 <code>Promise.race()</code> 以来，我们终于迎来了 <code>[Promise.allSettled()](https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-allSettled)</code>, 感谢 Jason Williams, Robert Pamely 和 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://twitter.com/mathias">Mathias Bynens</a>. 它可以用在处理所有的 promise 都 settled 的情况，无论结果是 fulfilled 还是 rejected. 你看 ，无需 catch!</p>
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+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="title class_">Promise</span>.<span class="title function_">allSettled</span>([</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">fetch</span>(<span class="string">&quot;https://api.github.com/users/pawelgrzybek&quot;</span>).<span class="title function_">then</span>( <span class="function"><span class="params">data</span> =&gt;</span> data.<span class="title function_">json</span>() ),</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">fetch</span>(<span class="string">&quot;https://api.github.com/users/danjordan&quot;</span>).<span class="title function_">then</span>( <span class="function"><span class="params">data</span> =&gt;</span> data.<span class="title function_">json</span>() )</span><br><span class="line"> ]).<span class="title function_">then</span>( <span class="function"><span class="params">result</span> =&gt;</span> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">`All profile settled`</span>) );</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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+
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+ <p>不久后可能会有个 <code>Promise.any()</code> 方法加入 ECMAScript. 我前段时间在「<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/promise-combinators-explained/">Promise 连接符解析</a>」一文中详细介绍过。</p>
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+ <h2 id="globalThis-由-Jordan-Harband-提出"><a href="#globalThis-由-Jordan-Harband-提出" class="headerlink" title="globalThis - 由 Jordan Harband 提出"></a><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23globalthis-by-jordan-harband">globalThis - 由 Jordan Harband 提出</a></h2><p>所以在 JavaScript 中，全局的 <code>this</code> 到底是什么？在浏览器中它是 <code>window</code>, 在 worker 中它是 <code>self</code>, 在 Node.js 中它是 <code>global</code>, 在.. 如今这种混乱终于结束了！感谢 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://twitter.com/ljharb">Jordan Harband</a> 为我们带来的<code>[globalThis 关键字](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/133658121/h%3C/code%3Ettps://github.com/tc39/proposal-global)。</code></p>
49
+ <h2 id="for-in-机制-由-Kevin-Gibbons-提出"><a href="#for-in-机制-由-Kevin-Gibbons-提出" class="headerlink" title="for-in 机制 - 由 Kevin Gibbons 提出"></a><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23for-in-mechanics-by-kevin-gibbons">for-in 机制 - 由 Kevin Gibbons 提出</a></h2><p>ECMAScript 遗留了 for-in 循环顺序的详尽介绍待填补。<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://twitter.com/bakkoting">Kevin Gibbons</a> 为此悉心付出，为 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://github.com/bakkot/for-in-exploration">for-in 机制定义了一套规则</a>，感谢他。</p>
50
+ <h2 id="可选链-由-Gabriel-Isenberg-Claude-Pache-Dustin-Savery-提出"><a href="#可选链-由-Gabriel-Isenberg-Claude-Pache-Dustin-Savery-提出" class="headerlink" title="可选链 - 由 Gabriel Isenberg, Claude Pache, Dustin Savery 提出"></a><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23optional-chaining-by-gabriel-isenberg-claude-pache-dustin-savery">可选链 - 由 Gabriel Isenberg, Claude Pache, Dustin Savery 提出</a></h2><p>对于对象属性的长链式访问易出错又不易读，感谢 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://twitter.com/the_gisenberg">Gabriel Isenberg</a>, <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://github.com/claudepache">Claude Pache</a> 和 Dustin Savery 把这件事简化了。如果你是 TypeScript 用户，这对你来说并不新奇，因为 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-7.html%23optional-chaining">TypeScript 3.7</a> 版本早已实现了此功能。超爱它的！</p>
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+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 之前</span></span><br><span class="line">consttitle = data &amp;&amp; data.<span class="property">article</span> &amp;&amp; data.<span class="property">article</span>.<span class="property">title</span><span class="comment">// 之后</span></span><br><span class="line">consttitle = data?.<span class="property">article</span>?.<span class="property">title</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
52
+
53
+ <h2 id="空值合并运算符-由-Gabriel-Isenberg-提出"><a href="#空值合并运算符-由-Gabriel-Isenberg-提出" class="headerlink" title="空值合并运算符 - 由 Gabriel Isenberg 提出"></a><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23nullish-coalescing-operator-by-gabriel-isenberg">空值合并运算符 - 由 Gabriel Isenberg 提出</a></h2><p><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://github.com/tc39/proposal-nullish-coalescing">空值合并提议</a>新增了一个处理默认值的便捷运算符。<a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://twitter.com/the_gisenberg">Gabriel Isenberg</a> 干得太棒了——该特性紧随「可选链」之后。与 <code>||</code> 相比，空值合并运算符 <code>??</code> 只会在左边的值严格等于 <code>null</code> 或 <code>undefined</code> 时起作用。</p>
54
+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>||<span class="string">&quot;default value&quot;</span><span class="comment">// default value</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>??<span class="string">&quot;default value&quot;</span><span class="comment">// &quot;&quot;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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+
56
+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">consttitle=data?.<span class="property">article</span>?.<span class="property">title</span> ?? <span class="string">&quot;What&#x27;s new in ECMAScript 2020&quot;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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+
58
+ <h2 id="import-meta-由-Domenic-Denicola-提出"><a href="#import-meta-由-Domenic-Denicola-提出" class="headerlink" title="import.meta - 由 Domenic Denicola 提出"></a><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23importmeta-by-domenic-denicola">import.meta - 由 Domenic Denicola 提出</a></h2><p><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://twitter.com/domenic">Domenic Denicola</a> 提出的 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://github.com/tc39/proposal-import-meta">import.meta 提议</a>为当前运行的模块添加了一个特定 host 元数据对象。</p>
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+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="keyword">import</span>.<span class="property">meta</span>.<span class="property">url</span>) <span class="comment">// file:///Users/pawelgrzybek/main.js</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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+
61
+ <h2 id="export-as-ns-from-“mod”"><a href="#export-as-ns-from-“mod”" class="headerlink" title="export * as ns from “mod”"></a><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://pawelgrzybek.com/whats-new-in-ecmascript-2020/%23export--as-ns-from-mod">export * as ns from “mod”</a></h2><p><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://spectranaut.github.io/proposal-export-ns-from/">这是对 ES 规范的有力补充</a>，它允许开发者以新名称导出另一模块的命名空间外部对象。</p>
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+ <figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> * <span class="keyword">as</span> ns <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&quot;mod&quot;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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+
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+ <p>以上就是 ES 2020 的所有新特性，新规范确定已半月有余，其中既有 TS 早已支持的大家喜闻乐见的可选链，也有让人匪夷所思的空值合并运算符 ??，不知你喜欢哪一个呢？快留言告诉我吧～</p>
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+ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.staticaly.com/gh/npljy/npljy.github.io/main/js/fixedPage.min.js"></script><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head><body><div class="body_container"><div id="header"><div class="site-name"><a id="logo" href="/.">前端壹菜鸟</a><p class="description">关注前端知识，收集精彩博文，做技术的搬运工</p></div><div id="nav-menu"><a class="current" href="/." target="_self"><i class="fa fa-home"> 首页</i></a><a href="/archives/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-archive"> 归档</i></a><a href="/guestbook/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-comments"> 留言</i></a><a href="/about/" target="_self"><i class="fa fa-user"> 关于</i></a><a href="https://laonongmin.online/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-group"> 看看</i></a><a href="https://love.xuehuayu.cn/" target="_target"><i class="fa fa-heart"> LOVE</i></a></div></div><div class="pure-g" id="layout"><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-3-4"><div class="content_container"><div class="post"><h1 class="post-title c-post">一个前端失业者的面试之旅</h1><div class="post-meta"><span class="date">2020-03-27</span><span> | </span><span class="tag"><a href="/tags/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BD%BD/">转载 </a></span><span> | </span><span class="category"><a href="/categories/%E5%88%86%E4%BA%AB/">分享 </a></span><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"> | <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa fa-spinner"></i></span><span> 阅读</span></span><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-text"> | </span><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-keyboard-o"></i><span class="post-count"> 2.6k</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 字</span></span></span><span class="post-time"> | <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-hourglass-half"></i><span class="post-count"> 8</span><span class="post-meta-item-text"> 分钟</span></span></span></div><a class="disqus-comment-count" href="/article/20613.html#vcomment"><span class="waline-comment-count" data-path="/article/20613.html"></span><span> 条评论</span></a><div class="post-content"><p><code>原文：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/1mE_DfTsMs6PnprMB0XRSw</code><br>下面整理了一下面试的几家公司的面试题，大家有需要的看看，有问题一起探讨！</p>
20
+ <span id="more"></span>
21
+ <p><strong>一. 某在线教育公司</strong></p>
22
+ <p>职位: 全栈工程师</p>
23
+ <p>简述: 一共一下午，两面现场技术。</p>
24
+ <p><strong>第一面</strong></p>
25
+ <p>比较年轻的一个小哥，给人一看就是大佬的感觉，上来看了一下简历，开始做了自我介绍后，进入提问环节。</p>
26
+ <ol>
27
+ <li><p>说一下对bind，call，apply三个函数的认识，自己实现一下bind方法。</p>
28
+ </li>
29
+ <li><p>前端的requestAnimationFrame了解吗？有使用过吗？说一下使用场景。</p>
30
+ </li>
31
+ <li><p>对前端性能优化有什么了解？有在之前的工作中解决过性能问题么？一般都通过那几个方面去优化的？</p>
32
+ </li>
33
+ <li><p>对前后端跨域可以说一下吗？有碰到过跨域问题吗？如何解决跨域的？</p>
34
+ </li>
35
+ <li><p>介绍一下对nodejs的异步IO原理。</p>
36
+ </li>
37
+ <li><p>一道简单的算法题，实现输入一个字符串，返回字符串翻转输出。</p>
38
+ </li>
39
+ </ol>
40
+ <p><strong>第二面</strong></p>
41
+ <p>进来气场就不一样，年纪差不多35以上，自我介绍了一下，便开始提问环节。</p>
42
+ <ol>
43
+ <li><p>说一下之前应用服务的部署模式。</p>
44
+ </li>
45
+ <li><p>对nodejs的进程维护有了解过么？你们有遇到过nodejs一些内存泄露方面的问题吗？说一下内存泄露。</p>
46
+ </li>
47
+ <li><p>之前用redis做缓存中间件是为了解决什么问题？说一下你们关于redis的设计架构。</p>
48
+ </li>
49
+ <li><p>说一下你做过最有成长的一个项目，简单总结一下。 </p>
50
+ </li>
51
+ <li><p>讲一下你对之前项目里使用的消息中间件的理解，为什么引入这个东西，它解决了什么问题。</p>
52
+ </li>
53
+ <li><p>他开始介绍他们团队做的事。</p>
54
+ </li>
55
+ </ol>
56
+ <p>后面就是HR面试了，两个HR问了一些情况后，留了微信便离开了，公司比较偏，找了半天公交站，坐到地铁站，因为心事重重，结果地铁还给坐反了，回家已经晚上11点多。</p>
57
+ <hr>
58
+ <p><strong>二. 某创业公司</strong></p>
59
+ <p>因为我是有点想加入创业团队的，想着自己还年轻，还能加班，况且万一运气好蹭个大佬，从此坐上开挂的列车，走上人生巅峰呢！便去了一个创业公司面试。</p>
60
+ <p>职位：全栈工程师</p>
61
+ <p>简述：中午12:30去面试，不理解为什么在正中午面，大概是为了考验候选人？我去的时候面试大佬正好出来扔外卖盒，看到我背个包喊出了我的名字，心想”我去，还没面试，大佬这就记住我了？so excited”，因为公司就三个人，而且面我的大佬还是其他公司在职的，只是偶尔会过来，所以一共一面技术。</p>
62
+ <p>*<em><strong>第</strong>一面</em>*</p>
63
+ <p>上来就是做题，心态完全没有调整过来，贼紧张。</p>
64
+ <ol>
65
+ <li><p>手写一下快速排序算法。</p>
66
+ </li>
67
+ <li><p>看你简历有加密算法的内容，简单讲一下关于加密算法相关的内容。</p>
68
+ </li>
69
+ <li><p>说一下https的工作原理，里面涉及到的加密算法都有哪些？</p>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li><p>设计一个后台管理系统，从数据库表设计到后端服务提供。</p>
72
+ </li>
73
+ <li><p>一道算法题，一个数组中找出所有相同的元素，并且做出分类，在彩笔白板上写完，面试官笑了一下，js写还真方便。</p>
74
+ </li>
75
+ </ol>
76
+ <p>因为没有hr，大佬跟我谈了薪资，并且告诉我他们现在已经在盈利了，年终可以分很多…</p>
77
+ <hr>
78
+ <p><strong>三. 某数据广告公司(500人左右)</strong></p>
79
+ <p>在这里是我遇到真正最难的一次面试，被大佬虐的体无完肤，最后还是拿到公司的offer。首先面试的是公司的类似于“基础建设”的部门，应该是只搞技术不做业务的部门，但是需要的比较资深的nodejs大牛，最终不合适，但是大佬推荐到了一个业务部门，这边的又经历了两次面试，最终拿到offer，一共经历了三轮技术面</p>
80
+ <p>职位：全栈工程师</p>
81
+ <p><strong>第一面</strong></p>
82
+ <p>未面试通过，简历被推荐到另一个部门。</p>
83
+ <ol>
84
+ <li><p>说一下nodejs里对Buffer数据类型的认识，对于初始化的Buffer，可以实现增加长度吗？</p>
85
+ </li>
86
+ <li><p>对nodejs的异步IO的认识，异步IO内部的工作原理，以及内部线程池相关内容。</p>
87
+ </li>
88
+ <li><p>说一说Linux的几种IO模型，分别描述一下是怎么一回事。</p>
89
+ </li>
90
+ <li><p>多进程部署的Nodejs应用有何优缺点，简述一下进程之间的通信方式。</p>
91
+ </li>
92
+ <li><p>TCP三次握手四次挥手的具体细节。</p>
93
+ </li>
94
+ <li><p>Nodejs源码层面的一些内容。</p>
95
+ </li>
96
+ </ol>
97
+ <p><strong>第二面</strong></p>
98
+ <ol>
99
+ <li><p>说一下Vue和React的认识，做一个简单的对比。</p>
100
+ </li>
101
+ <li><p>React的Dom的diff算法描述一下。</p>
102
+ </li>
103
+ <li><p>浏览器cookie和session的认识。</p>
104
+ </li>
105
+ <li><p>跨域分哪几种类型，如何解决各个跨域的问题。</p>
106
+ </li>
107
+ <li><p>nodejs的setTimeOut不准时的原因分析。</p>
108
+ </li>
109
+ </ol>
110
+ <p><strong>第三面</strong></p>
111
+ <ol>
112
+ <li><p>nodejs进程间通信方式。</p>
113
+ </li>
114
+ <li><p>nodejs高并发怎么理解？为什么不适合运算量大的操作？如果我要用实现运算量大的操作有什么方式？</p>
115
+ </li>
116
+ <li><p>redis缓存系统的相关内容。</p>
117
+ </li>
118
+ <li><p>在之前工作中做的项目中有收获的，系统描述一下收获了什么？</p>
119
+ </li>
120
+ <li><p>介绍了一些他们使用的技术栈和正在做的事情。</p>
121
+ </li>
122
+ </ol>
123
+ <p>HR面试也给到了非常不错的薪资，心里觉得先进去，后面再找机会进一面的大佬的团队，随着有了两个offer心情也逐渐放松了。</p>
124
+ <hr>
125
+ <p><strong>四. <strong>TMD</strong>某条大厂</strong></p>
126
+ <p>**<br>**</p>
127
+ <p>大厂就是大厂，一来就给发个牌带上，面试官很守时也很客气，我被带到了一个会议室，开始了面试之旅，一共三面技术面。</p>
128
+ <p>职业：全栈工程师</p>
129
+ <p><strong>第一面</strong></p>
130
+ <p>首先上来给了一套题，两大业，我拿到后，翻看了一下，汗水直流啊！一边擦汗一边做！题目做完开始按照做的题提问环节。</p>
131
+ <ol>
132
+ <li><p>关于css3里阴影的一些知识。</p>
133
+ </li>
134
+ <li><p>div布局相关的知识，涉及双翼齐飞，盒模型等。</p>
135
+ </li>
136
+ <li><p>javascript同步异步的输出顺序问题。</p>
137
+ </li>
138
+ <li><p>关于Promise的then，catch，reject，all，race一些api的用法问题。</p>
139
+ </li>
140
+ <li><p>一道关于动态规划的算法题。</p>
141
+ </li>
142
+ <li><p>一道概率论关于摇硬币正反面概率的问题。</p>
143
+ </li>
144
+ </ol>
145
+ <p>问完后，接下来又做了一套题…</p>
146
+ <p>这一套关于nodejs的，主要涉及流(stream)与Buffer，事件触发器(EventEmitter)等相关模块的认识与使用。这一套基本满分通过，因为之前专门学习过这几个模块，接下来进入二面。</p>
147
+ <p><strong>第二面</strong></p>
148
+ <p>面试官是一个漂亮的妹子，但是非常犀利，上来做了自我介绍后，直接进入正题。</p>
149
+ <ol>
150
+ <li><p>可以手写一些Promise么？不是写Promise怎么用哦，让你实现一下Promise。^O^</p>
151
+ </li>
152
+ <li><p>nodejs中的异步回调中的错误怎么处理。</p>
153
+ </li>
154
+ <li><p>闭包为什么会造成内存泄漏？ </p>
155
+ </li>
156
+ <li><p>javascript的垃圾回收机制讲一下。</p>
157
+ </li>
158
+ <li><p>了解express的内部原理么？简单实现一下。</p>
159
+ </li>
160
+ <li><p>写一下希尔排序算法，注意空间和时间复杂度。</p>
161
+ </li>
162
+ </ol>
163
+ <p><strong>第三面</strong></p>
164
+ <p>由于三面面试官出差，中间隔了一周多。后来约到面试后，一位非常年轻的小哥，大概刚30左右的样子，很儒雅客气。</p>
165
+ <ol>
166
+ <li><p>从页面输入一个链接到加载成功过程中发生了什么，尽可能详细。</p>
167
+ </li>
168
+ <li><p>https相关原理，涉及中间人攻击，证书协议，加解密内容。</p>
169
+ </li>
170
+ <li><p>nodejs的运行原理，有哪些优缺点？对nodejs怎样的看法？</p>
171
+ </li>
172
+ <li><p>之前项目中的一些总结。</p>
173
+ </li>
174
+ <li><p>聊了一些关于他们正在做的事。</p>
175
+ </li>
176
+ </ol>
177
+ <p>面试体验很好，HR也非常nice，拿到了满意的offer，最终因为其他原因没有去这边，HR和三面面试官也非常客气的跟我说，后面想去还可以联系他，非常满意的面试体验，为头条打波广告。</p>
178
+ <hr>
179
+ <p>**<br>**</p>
180
+ <p><strong>五. 某金融巨头</strong></p>
181
+ <p>说句老实话，面试其实不是非常难，而是简历太不容易能被捞起来，而且我是一年半的，团队基本招3年起步的，我是通过内推渠道才被推到团队的，后来进来发现，这简历是真不容易能被捞起来，全程一共两面技术。</p>
182
+ <p>职位：前端&#x2F;Nodejs工程师</p>
183
+ <p><strong>第一面</strong></p>
184
+ <ol>
185
+ <li><p>前端模块化，使用过的打包工具有哪些，打包原理，关于webpack多一些。</p>
186
+ </li>
187
+ <li><p>简历有做过断点续传的一些内容，问了一些断点续传在实现方面的一些内容。</p>
188
+ </li>
189
+ <li><p>cookie与session原理，还有token相关的一些内容。</p>
190
+ </li>
191
+ <li><p>React的使用经验，react-router的内部原理解释。</p>
192
+ </li>
193
+ <li><p>XSS，CSRF攻击过程，前端怎么去防止这类攻击。</p>
194
+ </li>
195
+ <li><p>nodejs的事件循环怎么理解？事件循环里各个阶段的认识。</p>
196
+ </li>
197
+ </ol>
198
+ <p><strong>第二面</strong></p>
199
+ <ol>
200
+ <li><p>Nodejs的内部运行机制，异步非阻塞IO与事件循环原理，事件循环中的每个阶段描述。</p>
201
+ </li>
202
+ <li><p>前端数据流管理工具用过哪些？解释一下这数据流管理工具出现的原因，解决的问题和它的本质原理。</p>
203
+ </li>
204
+ <li><p>redux这一类的工具在解决什么问题，它的本质原理详述。</p>
205
+ </li>
206
+ <li><p>在使用开源框架的时候有没有发现一些坑，如何去处理这些坑的。</p>
207
+ </li>
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+ <li><p>做过的所有项目简单梳理一遍，有哪些收获和心得描述一下。</p>
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+ </li>
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+ </ol>
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+ <hr>
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+ <p><strong>总结一下</strong></p>
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+ <p>大厂面试问深度，小厂面试问广度，如果有同学想进大厂深造一定要有一个方向精通的惊艳到面试官，还要平时遇到问题后思考一下问题的本质，找方法解决是一个方面，看到问题本质是另一个方面。还有大家一定要有目标，我在很久之前就想来蚂蚁这边，然后默默努力，每天看一些大佬们的文章，总是觉得只有再学深入一点才有机会，所以才有恒心一直学下去。</p>
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