@xeokit/xeokit-sdk 2.6.92 → 2.6.93

package/src/viewer/scene/webgl/Renderer.js

@@ -5,14 +5,27 @@ import {WEBGL_INFO} from '../webglInfo.js';
 import {Map} from "../utils/Map.js";
 import {PickResult} from "./PickResult.js";
 import {OcclusionTester} from "./occlusion/OcclusionTester.js";
-import {SAOOcclusionRenderer} from "./sao/SAOOcclusionRenderer.js";
 import {createRTCViewMat} from "../math/rtcCoords.js";
-import {SAODepthLimitedBlurRenderer} from "./sao/SAODepthLimitedBlurRenderer.js";
-import {RenderBufferManager} from "./RenderBufferManager.js";
+import {RenderBuffer} from "./RenderBuffer.js";
 import {getExtension} from "./getExtension.js";
+import {createProgramVariablesState} from "./WebGLRenderer.js";
+import {ArrayBuf} from "./ArrayBuf.js";
+
+const OCCLUSION_TEST_MODE = false;
 
 const vec3_0 = math.vec3([0,0,0]);
 
+const iota = (n) => { const ret = [ ]; for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) ret.push(i); return ret; };
+
+const bitShiftScreenZ = math.vec4([1.0 / (256.0 * 256.0 * 256.0 * 256.0), 1.0 / (256.0 * 256.0 * 256.0), 1.0 / (256.0 * 256.0), 1.0 / 256.0]);
+
+const pixelToInt = pix => pix[0] + (pix[1] << 8) + (pix[2] << 16) + (pix[3] << 24);
+
+const toWorldNormal = (n) => math.normalizeVec3(math.divVec3Scalar(n, math.MAX_INT, math.vec3()));
+const toWorldPos    = (p, origin, scale) => math.vec3([ p[0] * scale[0] + origin[0],
+                                                        p[1] * scale[1] + origin[1],
+                                                        p[2] * scale[2] + origin[2] ]);
+
 /**
  * @private
  */
@@ -20,7 +33,7 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
 
     options = options || {};
 
-    const frameCtx = new FrameContext(scene);
+    const frameCtx = new FrameContext();
     const canvas = scene.canvas.canvas;
     /**
      * @type {WebGL2RenderingContext}
@@ -49,15 +62,344 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
     let pbrEnabled = true;
     let colorTextureEnabled = true;
 
-    const renderBufferManager = new RenderBufferManager(scene);
+    const renderBufferManager = (function() {
+        const renderBuffersBasic  = {};
+        const renderBuffersScaled = {};
+        return {
+            getRenderBuffer: (id, colorFormats, hasDepthTexture) => {
+                const renderBuffers = (scene.canvas.resolutionScale === 1.0) ? renderBuffersBasic : renderBuffersScaled;
+                if (! renderBuffers[id]) {
+                    renderBuffers[id] = new RenderBuffer(gl, colorFormats, hasDepthTexture);
+                }
+                return renderBuffers[id];
+            },
+            destroy: () => {
+                Object.values(renderBuffersBasic ).forEach(buf => buf.destroy());
+                Object.values(renderBuffersScaled).forEach(buf => buf.destroy());
+            }
+        };
+    })();
+
+    const SAOProgram = (gl, name, programVariablesState, createOutColorDefinition) => {
+        const programVariables = programVariablesState.programVariables;
+
+        const uViewportInv   = programVariables.createUniform("vec2", "uViewportInv");
+        const uCameraNear    = programVariables.createUniform("float", "uCameraNear");
+        const uCameraFar     = programVariables.createUniform("float", "uCameraFar");
+        const uDepthTexture  = programVariables.createUniform("sampler2D", "uDepthTexture");
+
+        const uv       = programVariables.createAttribute("vec2", "uv");
+        const vUV      = programVariables.createVarying("vec2", "vUV", () => uv);
+        const outColor = programVariables.createOutput("vec4", "outColor");
+
+        const getOutColor = programVariables.createFragmentDefinition(
+            "getOutColor",
+            (name, src) => {
+                const getDepth = "getDepth";
+                src.push(`
+                float ${getDepth}(const in vec2 uv) {
+                    return texture(${uDepthTexture}, uv).r;
+                }
+            `);
+                src.push(createOutColorDefinition(name, vUV, uViewportInv, uCameraNear, uCameraFar, getDepth));
+            });
+
+        const [program, errors] = programVariablesState.buildProgram(
+            gl,
+            name,
+            {
+                clipPos: `vec4(2.0 * ${uv} - 1.0, 0.0, 1.0)`,
+                appendFragmentOutputs: (src) => src.push(`${outColor} = ${getOutColor}();`)
+            });
+
+        if (errors) {
+            console.error(errors.join("\n"));
+            throw errors;
+        } else {
+            const uvs = new Float32Array([1,1, 0,1, 0,0, 1,0]);
+            const uvBuf = new ArrayBuf(gl, gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, uvs, uvs.length, 2, gl.STATIC_DRAW);
+
+            // Mitigation: if Uint8Array is used, the geometry is corrupted on OSX when using Chrome with data-textures
+            const indices = new Uint32Array([0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3]);
+            const indicesBuf = new ArrayBuf(gl, gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices, indices.length, 1, gl.STATIC_DRAW);
+
+            return {
+                destroy: program.destroy,
+                bind:    (viewportSize, project, depthTexture) => {
+                    program.bind();
+                    uViewportInv.setInputValue([1 / viewportSize[0], 1 / viewportSize[1]]);
+                    uCameraNear.setInputValue(project.near);
+                    uCameraFar.setInputValue(project.far);
+                    uDepthTexture.setInputValue(depthTexture);
+                    uv.setInputValue(uvBuf);
+                },
+                draw:    () => {
+                    indicesBuf.bind();
+                    gl.drawElements(gl.TRIANGLES, indicesBuf.numItems, indicesBuf.itemType, 0);
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    };
+
+    // SAO implementation inspired from previous SAO work in THREE.js by ludobaka / ludobaka.github.io and bhouston
+    const saoOcclusionRenderer = (function() {
+        let currentRenrerer = null;
+        let curNumSamples = null;
+        return {
+            destroy: () => currentRenrerer && currentRenrerer.destroy(),
+            render: (viewportSize, project, sao, depthTexture) => {
+                const numSamples = Math.floor(sao.numSamples);
+                if (curNumSamples !== numSamples) {
+                    currentRenrerer && currentRenrerer.destroy();
+
+                    const programVariablesState = createProgramVariablesState();
+
+                    const programVariables = programVariablesState.programVariables;
+
+                    const uProjectMatrix = programVariables.createUniform("mat4", "uProjectMatrix");
+                    const uInvProjMatrix = programVariables.createUniform("mat4", "uInvProjMatrix");
+                    const uPerspective   = programVariables.createUniform("bool", "uPerspective");
+                    const uScale         = programVariables.createUniform("float", "uScale");
+                    const uIntensity     = programVariables.createUniform("float", "uIntensity");
+                    const uBias          = programVariables.createUniform("float", "uBias");
+                    const uKernelRadius  = programVariables.createUniform("float", "uKernelRadius");
+                    const uMinResolution = programVariables.createUniform("float", "uMinResolution");
+                    const uRandomSeed    = programVariables.createUniform("float", "uRandomSeed");
+
+                    const program = SAOProgram(
+                        gl,
+                        "SAOOcclusionRenderer",
+                        programVariablesState,
+                        (name, vUV, uViewportInv, uCameraNear, uCameraFar, getDepth) => {
+                            return `
+                                #define EPSILON 1e-6
+                                #define PI 3.14159265359
+                                #define PI2 6.28318530718
+                                #define NUM_SAMPLES ${numSamples}
+                                #define NUM_RINGS 4
+
+                                const vec3 packFactors = vec3(256. * 256. * 256., 256. * 256., 256.);
+
+                                vec4 packFloatToRGBA(const in float v) {
+                                    vec4 r = vec4(fract(v * packFactors), v);
+                                    r.yzw -= r.xyz / 256.;
+                                    return r * 256. / 255.;
+                                }
+
+                                highp float rand(const in vec2 uv) {
+                                    const highp float a = 12.9898, b = 78.233, c = 43758.5453;
+                                    return fract(sin(mod(dot(uv, vec2(a, b)), PI)) * c);
+                                }
+
+                                vec3 getViewPos(const in vec2 screenPos, const in float depth) {
+                                    float near = ${uCameraNear};
+                                    float far  = ${uCameraFar};
+                                    float viewZ = (${uPerspective}
+                                                   ? ((near * far) / ((far - near) * depth - far))
+                                                   : (depth * (near - far) - near));
+                                    float clipW = ${uProjectMatrix}[2][3] * viewZ + ${uProjectMatrix}[3][3];
+                                    return (${uInvProjMatrix} * (clipW * vec4((vec3(screenPos, depth) - 0.5) * 2.0, 1.0))).xyz;
+                                }
+
+                                vec4 ${name}() {
+                                    float centerDepth = ${getDepth}(${vUV});
+                                    if (centerDepth >= (1.0 - EPSILON)) {
+                                        discard;
+                                    }
+
+                                    vec3 centerViewPosition = getViewPos(${vUV}, centerDepth);
+                                    float scaleDividedByCameraFar = ${uScale} / ${uCameraFar};
+                                    float minResolutionMultipliedByCameraFar = ${uMinResolution} * ${uCameraFar};
+                                    vec3 centerViewNormal = normalize(cross(dFdx(centerViewPosition), dFdy(centerViewPosition)));
+
+                                    vec2 radiusStep = ${uKernelRadius} * ${uViewportInv} / float(NUM_SAMPLES);
+                                    vec2 radius = radiusStep;
+                                    const float angleStep = PI2 * float(NUM_RINGS) / float(NUM_SAMPLES);
+                                    float angle = PI2 * rand(${vUV} + ${uRandomSeed});
+
+                                    float occlusionSum = 0.0;
+                                    float weightSum = 0.0;
+
+                                    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SAMPLES; i++) {
+                                        vec2 sampleUv = ${vUV} + vec2(cos(angle), sin(angle)) * radius;
+                                        radius += radiusStep;
+                                        angle += angleStep;
+
+                                        float sampleDepth = ${getDepth}(sampleUv);
+                                        if (sampleDepth >= (1.0 - EPSILON)) {
+                                            continue;
+                                        }
+
+                                        vec3 sampleViewPosition = getViewPos(sampleUv, sampleDepth);
+                                        vec3 viewDelta = sampleViewPosition - centerViewPosition;
+                                        float scaledScreenDistance = scaleDividedByCameraFar * length(viewDelta);
+                                        occlusionSum += max(0.0, (dot(centerViewNormal, viewDelta) - minResolutionMultipliedByCameraFar) / scaledScreenDistance - ${uBias}) / (1.0 + scaledScreenDistance * scaledScreenDistance );
+                                        weightSum += 1.0;
+                                    }
+
+                                    return packFloatToRGBA(1.0 - occlusionSum * ${uIntensity} / weightSum);
+                                }`;
+                        });
+
+                    currentRenrerer = {
+                        destroy: program.destroy,
+                        render:  (viewportSize, project, sao, depthTexture) => {
+                            program.bind(viewportSize, project, depthTexture);
+
+                            uProjectMatrix.setInputValue(project.matrix);
+                            uInvProjMatrix.setInputValue(project.inverseMatrix);
+                            uPerspective.setInputValue(project.type === "Perspective");
+                            uScale.setInputValue(sao.scale * project.far / 5);
+                            uIntensity.setInputValue(sao.intensity);
+                            uBias.setInputValue(sao.bias);
+                            uKernelRadius.setInputValue(sao.kernelRadius);
+                            uMinResolution.setInputValue(sao.minResolution);
+                            uRandomSeed.setInputValue(Math.random());
+
+                            program.draw();
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    curNumSamples = numSamples;
+                }
+
+                currentRenrerer.render(viewportSize, project, sao, depthTexture);
+            }
+        };
+    })();
+
+    const saoDepthLimitedBlurRenderer = (function() {
+        const blurStdDev = 4;
+        const blurDepthCutoff = 0.01;
+        const KERNEL_RADIUS = 16;
+
+        const createSampleOffsets = (uvIncrement) => {
+            const offsets = [];
+            for (let i = 0; i <= KERNEL_RADIUS + 1; i++) {
+                offsets.push(uvIncrement[0] * i);
+                offsets.push(uvIncrement[1] * i);
+            }
+            return new Float32Array(offsets);
+        };
+
+        const sampleOffsetsVer = createSampleOffsets([0, 1]);
+        const sampleOffsetsHor = createSampleOffsets([1, 0]);
+
+        const gaussian = (i, stdDev) => Math.exp(-(i * i) / (2.0 * (stdDev * stdDev))) / (Math.sqrt(2.0 * Math.PI) * stdDev);
+        const sampleWeights = new Float32Array(iota(KERNEL_RADIUS + 1).map(i => gaussian(i, blurStdDev))); // TODO: Optimize
+
+        const programVariablesState = createProgramVariablesState();
 
-    let snapshotBound = false;
+        const programVariables = programVariablesState.programVariables;
 
-    const bindOutputFrameBuffer = null;
-    const unbindOutputFrameBuffer = null;
+        const uDepthCutoff   = programVariables.createUniform("float", "uDepthCutoff");
+        const uSampleOffsets = programVariables.createUniformArray("vec2",  "uSampleOffsets", KERNEL_RADIUS + 1);
+        const uSampleWeights = programVariables.createUniformArray("float", "uSampleWeights", KERNEL_RADIUS + 1);
 
-    const saoOcclusionRenderer = new SAOOcclusionRenderer(scene);
-    const saoDepthLimitedBlurRenderer = new SAODepthLimitedBlurRenderer(scene);
+        const uOcclusionTex  = programVariables.createUniform("sampler2D", "uOcclusionTex");
+
+        const program = SAOProgram(
+            gl,
+            "SAODepthLimitedBlurRenderer",
+            programVariablesState,
+            (name, vUV, uViewportInv, uCameraNear, uCameraFar, getDepth) => {
+                return `
+                    #define EPSILON 1e-6
+
+                    const vec3 packFactors = vec3(256. * 256. * 256., 256. * 256., 256.);
+
+                    vec4 packFloatToRGBA(const in float v) {
+                        vec4 r = vec4(fract(v * packFactors), v);
+                        r.yzw -= r.xyz / 256.;
+                        return r * 256. / 255.;
+                    }
+
+                    float getOcclusion(const in vec2 uv) {
+                        vec4 v = texture(${uOcclusionTex}, uv);
+                        return dot(floor(v * 255.0 + 0.5) / 255.0, 255. / 256. / vec4(packFactors, 1.)); // unpackRGBAToFloat
+                    }
+
+                    float getViewZ(const in float depth) {
+                        return (${uCameraNear} * ${uCameraFar}) / ((${uCameraFar} - ${uCameraNear}) * depth - ${uCameraFar});
+                    }
+
+                    vec4 ${name}() {
+                        float centerDepth = ${getDepth}(${vUV});
+                        if (centerDepth >= (1.0 - EPSILON)) {
+                            discard;
+                        }
+
+                        float centerViewZ = getViewZ(centerDepth);
+                        bool rBreak = false;
+                        bool lBreak = false;
+
+                        float weightSum = ${uSampleWeights}[0];
+                        float occlusionSum = getOcclusion(${vUV}) * weightSum;
+
+                        for (int i = 1; i <= ${KERNEL_RADIUS}; i++) {
+                            float sampleWeight = ${uSampleWeights}[i];
+                            vec2 sampleUVOffset = ${uSampleOffsets}[i] * ${uViewportInv};
+
+                            if (! rBreak) {
+                                vec2 rSampleUV = ${vUV} + sampleUVOffset;
+                                if (abs(centerViewZ - getViewZ(${getDepth}(rSampleUV))) > ${uDepthCutoff}) {
+                                    rBreak = true;
+                                } else {
+                                    occlusionSum += getOcclusion(rSampleUV) * sampleWeight;
+                                    weightSum += sampleWeight;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            if (! lBreak) {
+                                vec2 lSampleUV = ${vUV} - sampleUVOffset;
+                                if (abs(centerViewZ - getViewZ(${getDepth}(lSampleUV))) > ${uDepthCutoff}) {
+                                    lBreak = true;
+                                } else {
+                                    occlusionSum += getOcclusion(lSampleUV) * sampleWeight;
+                                    weightSum += sampleWeight;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        return packFloatToRGBA(occlusionSum / weightSum);
+                    }`;
+            });
+
+        return {
+            destroy: program.destroy,
+            render:  (viewportSize, project, direction, depthTexture, occlusionTexture) => {
+                program.bind(viewportSize, project, depthTexture);
+
+                uDepthCutoff.setInputValue(blurDepthCutoff);
+                uSampleOffsets.setInputValue((direction === 0) ? sampleOffsetsHor : sampleOffsetsVer);
+                uSampleWeights.setInputValue(sampleWeights);
+                uOcclusionTex.setInputValue(occlusionTexture);
+
+                program.draw();
+            }
+        };
+    })();
+
+    const getSceneCameraViewParams = (function() {
+        let params = null; // scene.camera not defined yet
+        return function() {
+            if (! params) {
+                const camera = scene.camera;
+                params = {
+                    get eye() { return camera.eye; },
+                    get far() { return camera.project.far; },
+                    get projMatrix() { return camera.projMatrix; },
+                    get viewMatrix() { return camera.viewMatrix; },
+                    get viewNormalMatrix() { return camera.viewNormalMatrix; }
+                };
+            }
+            return params;
+        };
+    })();
+
+    const getNearPlaneHeight = (camera, drawingBufferHeight) => ((camera.projection === "ortho")
+                                                                 ? 1.0
+                                                                 : (drawingBufferHeight / (2 * Math.tan(0.5 * camera.perspective.fov * Math.PI / 180.0))));
 
     this.scene = scene;
 
@@ -109,19 +451,6 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
         imageDirty = true;
     };
 
-    this.webglContextLost = function () {
-    };
-
-    this.webglContextRestored = function (gl) {
-
-        // renderBufferManager.webglContextRestored(gl);
-
-        saoOcclusionRenderer.init();
-        saoDepthLimitedBlurRenderer.init();
-
-        imageDirty = true;
-    };
-
     /**
      * Inserts a drawable into this renderer.
      *  @private
@@ -201,13 +530,7 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
             const backgroundColor = scene.canvas.backgroundColorFromAmbientLight ? this.lights.getAmbientColorAndIntensity() : scene.canvas.backgroundColor;
             gl.clearColor(backgroundColor[0], backgroundColor[1], backgroundColor[2], 1.0);
         }
-        if (bindOutputFrameBuffer) {
-            bindOutputFrameBuffer(params.pass);
-        }
         gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
-        if (unbindOutputFrameBuffer) {
-            unbindOutputFrameBuffer(params.pass);
-        }
     };
 
     /**
@@ -223,14 +546,10 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
      * Renders inserted drawables.
      *  @private
      */
-    this.render = function (params) {
-        params = params || {};
-        if (params.force) {
-            imageDirty = true;
-        }
+    this.render = function(pass, clear) {
         updateDrawlist();
         if (imageDirty) {
-            draw(params);
+            draw(pass, clear);
             stats.frame.frameCount++;
             imageDirty = false;
         }
@@ -238,243 +557,175 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
 
     function updateDrawlist() { // Prepares state-sorted array of drawables from maps of inserted drawables
         if (drawableListDirty) {
-            buildDrawableList();
+            Object.values(drawableTypeInfo).forEach(drawableInfo => {
+                const drawableListPreCull = drawableInfo.drawableListPreCull;
+                let lenDrawableList = 0;
+                Object.values(drawableInfo.drawableMap).forEach(drawable => { drawableListPreCull[lenDrawableList++] = drawable; });
+                drawableListPreCull.length = lenDrawableList;
+            });
             drawableListDirty = false;
             stateSortDirty = true;
         }
         if (stateSortDirty) {
-            sortDrawableList();
+            let lenDrawableList = 0;
+            Object.values(drawableTypeInfo).forEach(drawableInfo => {
+                drawableInfo.drawableListPreCull.forEach(drawable => { postSortDrawableList[lenDrawableList++] = drawable; });
+            });
+            postSortDrawableList.length = lenDrawableList;
+            postSortDrawableList.sort((a, b) => a.renderOrder - b.renderOrder);
             stateSortDirty = false;
             imageDirty = true;
         }
         if (imageDirty) { // Image is usually dirty because the camera moved
-            cullDrawableList();
-        }
-    }
-
-    function buildDrawableList() {
-        for (let type in drawableTypeInfo) {
-            if (drawableTypeInfo.hasOwnProperty(type)) {
-                const drawableInfo = drawableTypeInfo[type];
-                const drawableMap = drawableInfo.drawableMap;
-                const drawableListPreCull = drawableInfo.drawableListPreCull;
-                let lenDrawableList = 0;
-                for (let id in drawableMap) {
-                    if (drawableMap.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
-                        drawableListPreCull[lenDrawableList++] = drawableMap[id];
+            let lenDrawableList = 0;
+            let lenUiList       = 0;
+            postSortDrawableList.forEach(drawable => {
+                drawable.rebuildRenderFlags();
+                if (!drawable.renderFlags.culled) {
+                    if (drawable.isUI) {
+                        uiDrawableList[lenUiList++] = drawable;
+                    } else {
+                        postCullDrawableList[lenDrawableList++] = drawable;
                     }
                 }
-                drawableListPreCull.length = lenDrawableList;
-            }
+            });
+            postCullDrawableList.length = lenDrawableList;
+            uiDrawableList.length       = lenUiList;
         }
     }
 
-    function sortDrawableList() {
-        let lenDrawableList = 0;
-        for (let type in drawableTypeInfo) {
-            if (drawableTypeInfo.hasOwnProperty(type)) {
-                const drawableInfo = drawableTypeInfo[type];
-                const drawableListPreCull = drawableInfo.drawableListPreCull;
-                for (let i = 0, len = drawableListPreCull.length; i < len; i++) {
-                    const drawable = drawableListPreCull[i];
-                    postSortDrawableList[lenDrawableList++] = drawable;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        postSortDrawableList.length = lenDrawableList;
-        postSortDrawableList.sort((a, b) => {
-            return a.renderOrder - b.renderOrder;
-        });
-    }
-
-    function cullDrawableList() {
-        let lenDrawableList = 0;
-        let lenUiList       = 0;
-        for (let i = 0, len = postSortDrawableList.length; i < len; i++) {
-            const drawable = postSortDrawableList[i];
-            drawable.rebuildRenderFlags();
-            if (!drawable.renderFlags.culled) {
-                if (drawable.isUI) {
-                    uiDrawableList[lenUiList++] = drawable;
-                } else {
-                    postCullDrawableList[lenDrawableList++] = drawable;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        postCullDrawableList.length = lenDrawableList;
-        uiDrawableList.length       = lenUiList;
-    }
-
-    function draw(params) {
+    function draw(pass, clear) {
 
         const sao = scene.sao;
+        const occlusionTexture = saoEnabled && sao.possible && (sao.numSamples >= 1) && drawSAOBuffers(pass);
+
+        scene._lightsState.lights.forEach(light => {
+
+            if (light.castsShadow) {
+                const shadowRenderBuf = light.getShadowRenderBuf();
+                shadowRenderBuf.bind();
+
+                frameCtx.reset();
+                frameCtx.backfaces = true;
+                frameCtx.frontface = true;
+                frameCtx.viewParams.viewMatrix = light.getShadowViewMatrix();
+                frameCtx.viewParams.projMatrix = light.getShadowProjMatrix();
+                frameCtx.nearPlaneHeight = getNearPlaneHeight(scene.camera, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
+
+                gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
+
+                gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
+                gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
+                gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
+
+                gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+
+                Object.values(drawableTypeInfo).forEach(
+                    drawableInfo => {
+                        drawableInfo.drawableList.forEach(
+                            drawable => {
+                                if ((drawable.visible !== false) && drawable.castsShadow && drawable.drawShadow) {
+                                    if (drawable.renderFlags.colorOpaque) { // Transparent objects don't cast shadows (yet)
+                                        drawable.drawShadow(frameCtx);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            });
+                    });
 
-        if (saoEnabled && sao.possible) {
-            drawSAOBuffers(params);
-        }
+                shadowRenderBuf.unbind();
+            }
+        });
 
-        drawShadowMaps();
+        // const numVertexAttribs = WEBGL_INFO.MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS; // Fixes https://github.com/xeokit/xeokit-sdk/issues/174
+        // for (let ii = 0; ii < numVertexAttribs; ii++) {
+        //     gl.disableVertexAttribArray(ii);
+        // }
+        //
+        shadowsDirty = false;
 
-        drawColor(params);
+        drawColor(pass, clear, occlusionTexture);
     }
 
-    function drawSAOBuffers(params) {
+    function drawSAOBuffers(pass) {
 
         const sao = scene.sao;
 
-        // Render depth buffer
-
-        const saoDepthRenderBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("saoDepth", {
-            depthTexture: true
-        });
+        const size = [gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight];
 
+        // Render depth buffer
+        const saoDepthRenderBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("saoDepth", [], true);
+        saoDepthRenderBuffer.setSize(size);
         saoDepthRenderBuffer.bind();
-        saoDepthRenderBuffer.clear();
-        drawDepth(params);
-        saoDepthRenderBuffer.unbind();
-
-        // Render occlusion buffer
-
-        const occlusionRenderBuffer1 = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("saoOcclusion");
-
-        occlusionRenderBuffer1.bind();
-        occlusionRenderBuffer1.clear();
-        saoOcclusionRenderer.render(saoDepthRenderBuffer);
-        occlusionRenderBuffer1.unbind();
-
-        if (sao.blur) {
-
-            // Horizontally blur occlusion buffer 1 into occlusion buffer 2
-
-            const occlusionRenderBuffer2 = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("saoOcclusion2");
-
-            occlusionRenderBuffer2.bind();
-            occlusionRenderBuffer2.clear();
-            saoDepthLimitedBlurRenderer.render(saoDepthRenderBuffer, occlusionRenderBuffer1, 0);
-            occlusionRenderBuffer2.unbind();
-
-            // Vertically blur occlusion buffer 2 back into occlusion buffer 1
-
-            occlusionRenderBuffer1.bind();
-            occlusionRenderBuffer1.clear();
-            saoDepthLimitedBlurRenderer.render(saoDepthRenderBuffer, occlusionRenderBuffer2, 1);
-            occlusionRenderBuffer1.unbind();
-        }
-    }
-
-    function drawDepth(params) {
+        gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
         frameCtx.reset();
-        frameCtx.pass = params.pass;
+        frameCtx.pass = pass;
+        frameCtx.viewParams = getSceneCameraViewParams();
+        frameCtx.nearPlaneHeight = getNearPlaneHeight(scene.camera, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
 
         gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
-
         gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
         gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
         gl.frontFace(gl.CCW);
         gl.enable(gl.CULL_FACE);
         gl.depthMask(true);
+        gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
-        if (params.clear !== false) {
-            gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
-        }
-        for (let i = 0, len = postCullDrawableList.length; i < len; i++) {
-
-            const drawable = postCullDrawableList[i];
-
-            if (drawable.culled === true || drawable.visible === false || !drawable.drawDepth || !drawable.saoEnabled) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (drawable.renderFlags.colorOpaque) {
+        postCullDrawableList.forEach(drawable => {
+            if (!drawable.culled && drawable.visible && drawable.drawDepth && drawable.saoEnabled && drawable.renderFlags.colorOpaque) {
                 drawable.drawDepth(frameCtx);
             }
-        }
-
-        // const numVertexAttribs = WEBGL_INFO.MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS; // Fixes https://github.com/xeokit/xeokit-sdk/issues/174
-        // for (let ii = 0; ii < numVertexAttribs; ii++) {
-        //     gl.disableVertexAttribArray(ii);
-        // }
-
-    }
-
-    function drawShadowMaps() {
-
-        let lights = scene._lightsState.lights;
-
-        for (let i = 0, len = lights.length; i < len; i++) {
-            const light = lights[i];
-            if (!light.castsShadow) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            drawShadowMap(light);
-        }
-
-        // const numVertexAttribs = WEBGL_INFO.MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS; // Fixes https://github.com/xeokit/xeokit-sdk/issues/174
-        // for (let ii = 0; ii < numVertexAttribs; ii++) {
-        //     gl.disableVertexAttribArray(ii);
-        // }
-        //
-        shadowsDirty = false;
-    }
-
-    function drawShadowMap(light) {
-
-        const castsShadow = light.castsShadow;
-
-        if (!castsShadow) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const shadowRenderBuf = light.getShadowRenderBuf();
-
-        if (!shadowRenderBuf) {
-            return;
-        }
+        });
 
-        shadowRenderBuf.bind();
+        saoDepthRenderBuffer.unbind();
 
-        frameCtx.reset();
+        const depthTexture = saoDepthRenderBuffer.depthTexture;
 
-        frameCtx.backfaces = true;
-        frameCtx.frontface = true;
-        frameCtx.shadowViewMatrix = light.getShadowViewMatrix();
-        frameCtx.shadowProjMatrix = light.getShadowProjMatrix();
+        // Render occlusion buffer
 
-        gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
+        const occlusionRenderBuffer1 = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("saoOcclusion");
+        occlusionRenderBuffer1.setSize(size);
+        occlusionRenderBuffer1.bind();
 
+        gl.viewport(0, 0, size[0], size[1]);
         gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
-        gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
+        gl.disable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
         gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
+        gl.frontFace(gl.CCW);
+        gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 
-        gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+        saoOcclusionRenderer.render(size, scene.camera.project, sao, depthTexture);
 
-        for (let type in drawableTypeInfo) {
+        occlusionRenderBuffer1.unbind();
 
-            if (drawableTypeInfo.hasOwnProperty(type)) {
+        if (sao.blur) {
+            const occlusionRenderBuffer2 = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("saoOcclusion2");
+            occlusionRenderBuffer2.setSize(size);
 
-                const drawableInfo = drawableTypeInfo[type];
-                const drawableList = drawableInfo.drawableList;
+            const blurSAO = (src, dst, direction) => {
+                dst.bind();
 
-                for (let i = 0, len = drawableList.length; i < len; i++) {
+                gl.viewport(0, 0, size[0], size[1]);
+                gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
+                gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
+                gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
+                gl.frontFace(gl.CCW);
+                gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
-                    const drawable = drawableList[i];
+                const project = scene.camera.project;
+                saoDepthLimitedBlurRenderer.render(size, project, direction, depthTexture, src.colorTextures[0]);
 
-                    if (drawable.visible === false || !drawable.castsShadow || !drawable.drawShadow) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
+                dst.unbind();
+            };
 
-                    if (drawable.renderFlags.colorOpaque) { // Transparent objects don't cast shadows (yet)
-                        drawable.drawShadow(frameCtx);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            blurSAO(occlusionRenderBuffer1, occlusionRenderBuffer2, 0); // horizontally
+            blurSAO(occlusionRenderBuffer2, occlusionRenderBuffer1, 1); // vertically
         }
 
-        shadowRenderBuf.unbind();
+        return occlusionRenderBuffer1.colorTextures[0];
     }
 
-    function drawColor(params) {
+    function drawColor(pass, clear, occlusionTexture) {
 
         const normalDrawSAOBin = [];
         const normalEdgesOpaqueBin = [];
@@ -500,10 +751,12 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
         const ambientColorAndIntensity = scene._lightsState.getAmbientColorAndIntensity();
 
         frameCtx.reset();
-        frameCtx.pass = params.pass;
+        frameCtx.pass = pass;
         frameCtx.withSAO = false;
         frameCtx.pbrEnabled = pbrEnabled && !!scene.pbrEnabled;
         frameCtx.colorTextureEnabled = colorTextureEnabled && !!scene.colorTextureEnabled;
+        frameCtx.viewParams = getSceneCameraViewParams();
+        frameCtx.nearPlaneHeight = getNearPlaneHeight(scene.camera, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
 
         gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
 
@@ -522,15 +775,9 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
 
         frameCtx.lineWidth = 1;
 
-        const saoPossible = scene.sao.possible;
-
-        if (saoEnabled && saoPossible) {
-            const occlusionRenderBuffer1 = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("saoOcclusion");
-            frameCtx.occlusionTexture = occlusionRenderBuffer1 ? occlusionRenderBuffer1.getTexture() : null;
-        } else {
-            frameCtx.occlusionTexture = null;
-
-        }
+        const sao = scene.sao;
+        frameCtx.saoParams = [gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight, scene.sao.blendCutoff, scene.sao.blendFactor];
+        frameCtx.occlusionTexture = occlusionTexture;
 
         let i;
         let len;
@@ -538,11 +785,7 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
 
         const startTime = Date.now();
 
-        if (bindOutputFrameBuffer) {
-            bindOutputFrameBuffer(params.pass);
-        }
-
-        if (params.clear !== false) {
+        if (clear) {
             gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
         }
 
@@ -582,7 +825,7 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
             const renderFlags = drawable.renderFlags;
 
             if (renderFlags.colorOpaque) {
-                if (saoEnabled && saoPossible && drawable.saoEnabled) {
+                if (drawable.saoEnabled && occlusionTexture) {
                     normalDrawSAOBin[normalDrawSAOBinLen++] = drawable;
                 } else {
                     drawable.drawColorOpaque(frameCtx);
@@ -723,7 +966,7 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
             // Transparent color fill
 
             if (normalFillTransparentBinLen > 0) {
-                const eye = frameCtx.pickOrigin || scene.camera.eye;
+                const eye = frameCtx.viewParams.eye;
                 normalFillTransparentBin.length = normalFillTransparentBinLen; // normalFillTransparentBin reused by renderDrawables calls, so needs to be truncated if necessary
                 const byDist = normalFillTransparentBin.map(d => ({ drawable: d, distSq: math.distVec3(d.origin || vec3_0, eye) }));
                 byDist.sort((a, b) => b.distSq - a.distSq);
@@ -901,12 +1144,30 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
         for (let ii = 0; ii < numVertexAttribs; ii++) {
             gl.disableVertexAttribArray(ii);
         }
-
-        if (unbindOutputFrameBuffer) {
-            unbindOutputFrameBuffer(params.pass);
-        }
     }
 
+    const resetPickFrameCtx = (canvasPos, clipTransformDiv, camera, eye, projMatrix, viewMatrix, frameCtx) => {
+        frameCtx.reset();
+        frameCtx.backfaces = true;
+        frameCtx.frontface = true; // "ccw"
+
+        frameCtx.viewParams.eye = eye;
+        frameCtx.viewParams.projMatrix = projMatrix;
+        frameCtx.viewParams.viewMatrix = viewMatrix;
+        frameCtx.nearPlaneHeight = getNearPlaneHeight(camera, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
+
+        const resolutionScale = scene.canvas.resolutionScale;
+        frameCtx.pickClipPos = [
+            canvasPos ? (    2 * canvasPos[0] * resolutionScale / gl.drawingBufferWidth - 1) : 0,
+            canvasPos ? (1 - 2 * canvasPos[1] * resolutionScale / gl.drawingBufferHeight)    : 0
+        ];
+
+        frameCtx.pickClipPosInv = [
+            gl.drawingBufferWidth  / clipTransformDiv,
+            gl.drawingBufferHeight / clipTransformDiv
+        ];
+    };
+
     /**
      * Picks an Entity.
      * @private
@@ -914,11 +1175,18 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
     this.pick = (function () {
 
         const tempVec3a = math.vec3();
+        const tempVec3b = math.vec3();
+        const tempVec4a = math.vec4();
+        const tempVec4b = math.vec4();
+        const tempVec4c = math.vec4();
+        const tempVec4d = math.vec4();
+        const tempVec4e = math.vec4();
         const tempMat4a = math.mat4();
         const tempMat4b = math.mat4();
+        const tempMat4c = math.mat4();
+        const tempMat4d = math.mat4();
 
-        const randomVec3 = math.vec3();
-        const up = math.vec3([0, 1, 0]);
+        const upVec = math.vec3([0, 1, 0]);
         const _pickResult = new PickResult();
 
         const nearAndFar = math.vec2();
@@ -930,16 +1198,22 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
         const worldSurfacePos = math.vec3();
         const worldSurfaceNormal = math.vec3();
 
+        const pickBuffer = new RenderBuffer(gl);
+        pickBuffer.setSize([1, 1]);
+
+        const pickNormalBuffer = new RenderBuffer(gl, [gl.RGBA32I]);
+        pickNormalBuffer.setSize([3, 3]);
+
         return function (params, pickResult = _pickResult) {
 
             pickResult.reset();
 
             updateDrawlist();
 
-            let look;
             let pickViewMatrix = null;
             let pickProjMatrix = null;
             let projection = null;
+            const camera = scene.camera;
 
             pickResult.pickSurface = params.pickSurface;
 
@@ -948,12 +1222,12 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
                 canvasPos[0] = params.canvasPos[0];
                 canvasPos[1] = params.canvasPos[1];
 
-                pickViewMatrix = scene.camera.viewMatrix;
-                pickProjMatrix = scene.camera.projMatrix;
-                projection     = scene.camera.projection;
+                pickViewMatrix = camera.viewMatrix;
+                pickProjMatrix = camera.projMatrix;
+                projection     = camera.projection;
 
-                nearAndFar[0] = scene.camera.project.near;
-                nearAndFar[1] = scene.camera.project.far;
+                nearAndFar[0] = camera.project.near;
+                nearAndFar[1] = camera.project.far;
 
                 pickResult.canvasPos = params.canvasPos;
 
@@ -965,33 +1239,37 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
                 if (params.matrix) {
 
                     pickViewMatrix = params.matrix;
-                    pickProjMatrix = scene.camera.projMatrix;
-                    projection     = scene.camera.projection;
+                    pickProjMatrix = camera.projMatrix;
+                    projection     = camera.projection;
 
-                    nearAndFar[0] = scene.camera.project.near;
-                    nearAndFar[1] = scene.camera.project.far;
+                    nearAndFar[0] = camera.project.near;
+                    nearAndFar[1] = camera.project.far;
 
                 } else {
 
                     worldRayOrigin.set(params.origin || [0, 0, 0]);
                     worldRayDir.set(params.direction || [0, 0, 1]);
 
-                    look = math.addVec3(worldRayOrigin, worldRayDir, tempVec3a);
-
-                    randomVec3[0] = Math.random();
-                    randomVec3[1] = Math.random();
-                    randomVec3[2] = Math.random();
+                    const look = math.addVec3(worldRayOrigin, worldRayDir, tempVec3a);
+                    const up = tempVec3b;
 
-                    math.normalizeVec3(randomVec3);
-                    math.cross3Vec3(worldRayDir, randomVec3, up);
+                    if (Math.abs(math.dotVec3(worldRayDir, upVec)) > (1 - 1e-6)) { // worldRayDir aligned with Y axis
+                        up[0] = 0;
+                        up[1] = 0;
+                        up[2] = Math.sign(worldRayDir[1]);
+                    } else {
+                        math.cross3Vec3(worldRayDir, upVec, up);
+                        math.cross3Vec3(up, worldRayDir, up);
+                        math.normalizeVec3(up, up);
+                    }
 
                     pickViewMatrix = math.lookAtMat4v(worldRayOrigin, look, up, tempMat4b);
-                    //    pickProjMatrix = scene.camera.projMatrix;
-                    pickProjMatrix = scene.camera.ortho.matrix;
+                    //    pickProjMatrix = camera.projMatrix;
+                    pickProjMatrix = camera.ortho.matrix;
                     projection     = "ortho";
 
-                    nearAndFar[0] = scene.camera.ortho.near;
-                    nearAndFar[1] = scene.camera.ortho.far;
+                    nearAndFar[0] = camera.ortho.near;
+                    nearAndFar[1] = camera.ortho.far;
 
                     pickResult.origin = worldRayOrigin;
                     pickResult.direction = worldRayDir;
@@ -1001,23 +1279,42 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
                 canvasPos[1] = canvas.clientHeight * 0.5;
             }
 
-            for (let type in drawableTypeInfo) {
-                if (drawableTypeInfo.hasOwnProperty(type)) {
-                    const drawableList = drawableTypeInfo[type].drawableList;
-                    for (let i = 0, len = drawableList.length; i < len; i++) {
-                        const drawable = drawableList[i];
-                        if (drawable.setPickMatrices) { // Eg. SceneModel, which needs pre-loading into texture
-                            drawable.setPickMatrices(pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            pickBuffer.bind();
 
-            const pickBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("pick", {size: [1, 1]});
+            const resetFrameCtx = (clipTransformDiv) => resetPickFrameCtx(canvasPos, clipTransformDiv, camera, pickResult.origin || camera.eye, pickProjMatrix || camera.projMatrix, pickViewMatrix || camera.viewMatrix, frameCtx);
 
-            pickBuffer.bind();
+            // gpuPickPickable
+            resetFrameCtx(1);
+            frameCtx.pickInvisible = !!params.pickInvisible;
+
+            gl.viewport(0, 0, 1, 1);
+            gl.depthMask(true);
+            gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
+            gl.disable(gl.CULL_FACE);
+            gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
+            gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+
+            const includeEntityIds = params.includeEntityIds;
+            const excludeEntityIds = params.excludeEntityIds;
+
+            const renderDrawables = function(drawables) {
+                drawables.forEach(drawable => {
+                    if (!drawable.culled && drawable.visible && drawable.pickable && drawable.drawPickMesh // TODO: push this logic into drawable
+                        && ((! includeEntityIds) || includeEntityIds[drawable.id])
+                        && ((! excludeEntityIds) || (! excludeEntityIds[drawable.id]))) {
+                        drawable.drawPickMesh(frameCtx);
+                    }
+                });
+            };
+
+            renderDrawables(postCullDrawableList);
+            if (uiDrawableList.length > 0) {
+                gl.clear(gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+                renderDrawables(uiDrawableList);
+            }
 
-            const pickable = gpuPickPickable(pickBuffer, canvasPos, pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix, params, pickResult);
+            const pickID = pixelToInt(pickBuffer.read(0, 0));
+            const pickable = (pickID >= 0) && pickIDs.items[pickID];
 
             if (!pickable) {
                 pickBuffer.unbind();
@@ -1037,265 +1334,108 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
 
                 if (pickable.canPickTriangle && pickable.canPickTriangle()) {
 
-                    gpuPickTriangle(pickBuffer, pickable, canvasPos, pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix, pickResult);
-
-                    pickable.pickTriangleSurface(pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix, projection, pickResult);
+                    if (pickable.drawPickTriangles) {
+                        resetFrameCtx(1);
+                        // frameCtx.pickInvisible = !!params.pickInvisible;
 
-                    pickResult.pickSurfacePrecision = false;
+                        gl.viewport(0, 0, 1, 1);
+                        gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                        gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
+                        gl.disable(gl.CULL_FACE);
+                        gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
+                        gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
-                } else {
-
-                    if (pickable.canPickWorldPos && pickable.canPickWorldPos()) {
-
-                        gpuPickWorldPos(pickBuffer, pickable, canvasPos, pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix, nearAndFar, pickResult);
-
-                        if (params.pickSurfaceNormal !== false) {
-                            gpuPickWorldNormal(pickBuffer, pickable, canvasPos, pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix, pickResult);
-                        }
+                        pickable.drawPickTriangles(frameCtx);
 
-                        pickResult.pickSurfacePrecision = false;
+                        pickResult.primIndex = 3 * pixelToInt(pickBuffer.read(0, 0)); // Convert from triangle number to first vertex in indices
                     }
-                }
-            }
-            pickBuffer.unbind();
-            pickResult.entity = pickedEntity;
-            return pickResult;
-        };
-    })();
-
-    function gpuPickPickable(pickBuffer, canvasPos, pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix, params, pickResult) {
-
-        const resolutionScale = scene.canvas.resolutionScale;
-
-        frameCtx.reset();
-        frameCtx.backfaces = true;
-        frameCtx.frontface = true; // "ccw"
-        frameCtx.pickOrigin = pickResult.origin;
-        frameCtx.pickViewMatrix = pickViewMatrix;
-        frameCtx.pickProjMatrix = pickProjMatrix;
-        frameCtx.pickInvisible = !!params.pickInvisible;
-        frameCtx.pickClipPos = [
-            getClipPosX(canvasPos[0] * resolutionScale, gl.drawingBufferWidth),
-            getClipPosY(canvasPos[1] * resolutionScale, gl.drawingBufferHeight)
-        ];
-
-        gl.viewport(0, 0, 1, 1);
-        gl.depthMask(true);
-        gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
-        gl.disable(gl.CULL_FACE);
-        gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
-        gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
-
-        const includeEntityIds = params.includeEntityIds;
-        const excludeEntityIds = params.excludeEntityIds;
-
-        const renderDrawables = function(drawables) {
-        for (let i = 0, len = drawables.length; i < len; i++) {
-            const drawable = drawables[i];
-            if (drawable.culled === true || drawable.visible === false) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (!drawable.drawPickMesh || (params.pickInvisible !== true && drawable.visible === false) || drawable.pickable === false) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (includeEntityIds && !includeEntityIds[drawable.id]) { // TODO: push this logic into drawable
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (excludeEntityIds && excludeEntityIds[drawable.id]) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            drawable.drawPickMesh(frameCtx);
-        }
-        };
-
-        renderDrawables(postCullDrawableList);
-        if (uiDrawableList.length > 0) {
-            gl.clear(gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
-            renderDrawables(uiDrawableList);
-        }
-
-        const pix = pickBuffer.read(0, 0);
-        const pickID = pix[0] + (pix[1] << 8) + (pix[2] << 16) + (pix[3] << 24);
-
-        if (pickID < 0) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const pickable = pickIDs.items[pickID];
-
-        return pickable;
-    }
-
-    function gpuPickTriangle(pickBuffer, pickable, canvasPos, pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix, pickResult) {
-
-        if (!pickable.drawPickTriangles) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const resolutionScale = scene.canvas.resolutionScale;
-
-        frameCtx.reset();
-        frameCtx.backfaces = true;
-        frameCtx.frontface = true; // "ccw"
-        frameCtx.pickOrigin = pickResult.origin;
-        frameCtx.pickViewMatrix = pickViewMatrix; // Can be null
-        frameCtx.pickProjMatrix = pickProjMatrix; // Can be null
-        // frameCtx.pickInvisible = !!params.pickInvisible;
-        frameCtx.pickClipPos = [
-            getClipPosX(canvasPos[0] * resolutionScale, gl.drawingBufferWidth),
-            getClipPosY(canvasPos[1] * resolutionScale, gl.drawingBufferHeight)
-        ];
 
-        gl.viewport(0, 0, 1, 1);
-
-        gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
-        gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
-        gl.disable(gl.CULL_FACE);
-        gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
-        gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
-
-        pickable.drawPickTriangles(frameCtx);
-
-        const pix = pickBuffer.read(0, 0);
-
-        let primIndex = pix[0] + (pix[1] * 256) + (pix[2] * 256 * 256) + (pix[3] * 256 * 256 * 256);
-
-        primIndex *= 3; // Convert from triangle number to first vertex in indices
-
-        pickResult.primIndex = primIndex;
-    }
-
-    const gpuPickWorldPos = (function () {
-
-        const tempVec4a = math.vec4();
-        const tempVec4b = math.vec4();
-        const tempVec4c = math.vec4();
-        const tempVec4d = math.vec4();
-        const tempVec4e = math.vec4();
-        const tempMat4a = math.mat4();
-        const tempMat4b = math.mat4();
-        const tempMat4c = math.mat4();
-
-        return function (pickBuffer, pickable, canvasPos, pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix, nearAndFar, pickResult) {
-
-            const resolutionScale = scene.canvas.resolutionScale;
-
-            frameCtx.reset();
-            frameCtx.backfaces = true;
-            frameCtx.frontface = true; // "ccw"
-            frameCtx.pickOrigin = pickResult.origin;
-            frameCtx.pickViewMatrix = pickViewMatrix;
-            frameCtx.pickProjMatrix = pickProjMatrix;
-            frameCtx.pickZNear = nearAndFar[0];
-            frameCtx.pickZFar = nearAndFar[1];
-            frameCtx.pickElementsCount = pickable.pickElementsCount;
-            frameCtx.pickElementsOffset = pickable.pickElementsOffset;
-            frameCtx.pickClipPos = [
-                getClipPosX(canvasPos[0] * resolutionScale, gl.drawingBufferWidth),
-                getClipPosY(canvasPos[1] * resolutionScale, gl.drawingBufferHeight)
-            ];
+                    pickable.pickTriangleSurface(pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix, projection, pickResult);
 
-            gl.viewport(0, 0, 1, 1);
+                    pickResult.pickSurfacePrecision = false;
 
-            gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
-            gl.depthMask(true);
-            gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
-            gl.disable(gl.CULL_FACE);
-            gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
-            gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+                } else {
 
-            pickable.drawPickDepths(frameCtx); // Draw color-encoded fragment screen-space depths
+                    if (pickable.canPickWorldPos && pickable.canPickWorldPos()) {
 
-            const pix = pickBuffer.read(0, 0);
+                        // pickWorldPos
+                        resetFrameCtx(1);
+                        frameCtx.viewParams.near = nearAndFar[0];
+                        frameCtx.viewParams.far  = nearAndFar[1];
 
-            const screenZ = unpackDepth(pix); // Get screen-space Z at the given canvas coords
+                        gl.viewport(0, 0, 1, 1);
 
-            // Calculate clip space coordinates, which will be in range of x=[-1..1] and y=[-1..1], with y=(+1) at top
-            const x = (canvasPos[0] - canvas.clientWidth / 2) / (canvas.clientWidth / 2);
-            const y = -(canvasPos[1] - canvas.clientHeight / 2) / (canvas.clientHeight / 2);
+                        gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                        gl.depthMask(true);
+                        gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
+                        gl.disable(gl.CULL_FACE);
+                        gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
+                        gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
-            const origin = pickable.origin;
-            let pvMat;
+                        pickable.drawPickDepths(frameCtx); // Draw color-encoded fragment screen-space depths
 
-            if (origin) {
-                const rtcPickViewMat = createRTCViewMat(pickViewMatrix, origin, tempMat4a);
-                pvMat = math.mulMat4(pickProjMatrix, rtcPickViewMat, tempMat4b);
+                        const screenZ = math.dotVec4(pickBuffer.read(0, 0), bitShiftScreenZ);
 
-            } else {
-                pvMat = math.mulMat4(pickProjMatrix, pickViewMatrix, tempMat4b);
-            }
+                        // Calculate clip space coordinates, which will be in range of x=[-1..1] and y=[-1..1], with y=(+1) at top
+                        const x = (canvasPos[0] - canvas.clientWidth / 2) / (canvas.clientWidth / 2);
+                        const y = -(canvasPos[1] - canvas.clientHeight / 2) / (canvas.clientHeight / 2);
 
-            const pvMatInverse = math.inverseMat4(pvMat, tempMat4c);
+                        const origin = pickable.origin;
 
-            tempVec4a[0] = x;
-            tempVec4a[1] = y;
-            tempVec4a[2] = -1;
-            tempVec4a[3] = 1;
+                        const pvMatInverse = math.inverseMat4(math.mulMat4(pickProjMatrix, (origin ? createRTCViewMat(pickViewMatrix, origin, tempMat4a) : pickViewMatrix), tempMat4c), tempMat4d);
 
-            let world1 = math.transformVec4(pvMatInverse, tempVec4a);
-            world1 = math.mulVec4Scalar(world1, 1 / world1[3]);
+                        const toWorld = (z, dst) => {
+                            dst[0] = x;
+                            dst[1] = y;
+                            dst[2] = z;
+                            dst[3] = 1;
+                            math.transformVec4(pvMatInverse, dst, dst);
+                            return math.mulVec4Scalar(dst, 1 / dst[3]);
+                        };
 
-            tempVec4b[0] = x;
-            tempVec4b[1] = y;
-            tempVec4b[2] = 1;
-            tempVec4b[3] = 1;
+                        const world1 = toWorld(-1, tempVec4a);
+                        const world2 = toWorld( 1, tempVec4b);
 
-            let world2 = math.transformVec4(pvMatInverse, tempVec4b);
-            world2 = math.mulVec4Scalar(world2, 1 / world2[3]);
+                        const dir = math.subVec3(world2, world1, tempVec4c);
+                        const worldPos = math.addVec3(world1, math.mulVec4Scalar(dir, screenZ, tempVec4d), tempVec4e);
 
-            const dir = math.subVec3(world2, world1, tempVec4c);
-            const worldPos = math.addVec3(world1, math.mulVec4Scalar(dir, screenZ, tempVec4d), tempVec4e);
+                        if (origin) {
+                            math.addVec3(worldPos, origin);
+                        }
 
-            if (origin) {
-                math.addVec3(worldPos, origin);
-            }
+                        pickResult.worldPos = worldPos;
 
-            pickResult.worldPos = worldPos;
-        }
-    })();
+                        if (params.pickSurfaceNormal !== false) {
+                            // gpuPickWorldNormal
+                            resetFrameCtx(3);
 
-    function drawSnapInit(frameCtx) {
-        frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams = [];
-        frameCtx.snapPickLayerNumber = 0;
+                            pickNormalBuffer.bind();
 
-        for (let i = 0, len = postCullDrawableList.length; i < len; i++) {
+                            gl.viewport(0, 0, pickNormalBuffer.size[0], pickNormalBuffer.size[1]);
+                            gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
+                            gl.disable(gl.CULL_FACE);
+                            gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
+                            gl.clear(gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+                            gl.clearBufferiv(gl.COLOR, 0, new Int32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]));
 
-            const drawable = postCullDrawableList[i];
+                            pickable.drawPickNormals(frameCtx); // Draw color-encoded fragment World-space normals
 
-            if (drawable.drawSnapInit) {
-                if (!drawable.culled && drawable.visible && drawable.pickable) {
-                    drawable.drawSnapInit(frameCtx);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams;
-    }
+                            const pix = pickNormalBuffer.read(1, 1, gl.RGBA_INTEGER, gl.INT, Int32Array, 4);
 
-    function drawSnap(frameCtx) {
-        frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams = frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams || [];
-        frameCtx.snapPickLayerNumber = frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams.length;
-        for (let i = 0, len = postCullDrawableList.length; i < len; i++) {
+                            pickNormalBuffer.unbind();
 
-            const drawable = postCullDrawableList[i];
+                            pickResult.worldNormal = toWorldNormal(pix);
+                        }
 
-            if (drawable.drawSnapInit) {
-                if (drawable.drawSnap) {
-                    if (!drawable.culled && drawable.visible && drawable.pickable) {
-                        drawable.drawSnap(frameCtx);
+                        pickResult.pickSurfacePrecision = false;
                     }
                 }
             }
-        }
-        return frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams;
-    }
-
-    function getClipPosX(pos, size) {
-        return 2 * (pos / size) - 1;
-    }
-
-    function getClipPosY(pos, size) {
-        return 1 - 2 * (pos / size);
-    }
+            pickBuffer.unbind();
+            pickResult.entity = pickedEntity;
+            return pickResult;
+        };
+    })();
 
     /**
      * @param {[number, number]} canvasPos
@@ -1309,6 +1449,18 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
 
         const _pickResult = new PickResult();
 
+        const getVertexPickBuffer = (function() {
+            const cache = { };
+            return (snapRadiusInPixels) => {
+                if (! (snapRadiusInPixels in cache)) {
+                    const buf = new RenderBuffer(gl, [gl.RGBA32I, gl.RGBA32I, gl.RGBA8UI], true);
+                    buf.setSize([2 * snapRadiusInPixels + 1, 2 * snapRadiusInPixels + 1]);
+                    cache[snapRadiusInPixels] = buf;
+                }
+                return cache[snapRadiusInPixels];
+            };
+        })();
+
         return function (params, pickResult = _pickResult) {
 
             const {canvasPos, origin, direction, snapRadius, snapToVertex, snapToEdge} = params;
@@ -1317,40 +1469,21 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
                 return this.pick({canvasPos, pickSurface: true});
             }
 
-            const resolutionScale = scene.canvas.resolutionScale;
-
-            frameCtx.reset();
-            frameCtx.backfaces = true;
-            frameCtx.frontface = true; // "ccw"
-            frameCtx.pickZNear = scene.camera.project.near;
-            frameCtx.pickZFar = scene.camera.project.far;
-
+            const camera = scene.camera;
             const snapRadiusInPixels = snapRadius || 30;
-
-            const vertexPickBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer(
-                `uniquePickColors-aabs-${snapRadiusInPixels}`,
-                {
-                    depthTexture: true,
-                    size: [
-                        2 * snapRadiusInPixels + 1,
-                        2 * snapRadiusInPixels + 1,
-                    ]
-                }
-            );
-
-            frameCtx.snapVectorA = [
-                canvasPos ? getClipPosX(canvasPos[0] * resolutionScale, gl.drawingBufferWidth) : 0,
-                canvasPos ? getClipPosY(canvasPos[1] * resolutionScale, gl.drawingBufferHeight) : 0,
-            ];
-
-            frameCtx.snapInvVectorAB = [
-                gl.drawingBufferWidth / (2 * snapRadiusInPixels),
-                gl.drawingBufferHeight / (2 * snapRadiusInPixels),
-            ];
+            const viewMatrix = (canvasPos
+                                ? camera.viewMatrix
+                                : math.lookAtMat4v(
+                                    origin,
+                                    math.addVec3(origin, direction, math.vec3()),
+                                    math.vec3([0, 1, 0]),
+                                    math.mat4()));
+            resetPickFrameCtx(canvasPos, 2 * snapRadiusInPixels, camera, camera.eye, camera.projMatrix, viewMatrix, frameCtx);
 
             // Bind and clear the snap render target
 
-            vertexPickBuffer.bind(gl.RGBA32I, gl.RGBA32I, gl.RGBA8UI);
+            const vertexPickBuffer = getVertexPickBuffer(snapRadiusInPixels);
+            vertexPickBuffer.bind();
             gl.viewport(0, 0, vertexPickBuffer.size[0], vertexPickBuffer.size[1]);
             gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
             gl.frontFace(gl.CCW);
@@ -1363,64 +1496,59 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
             gl.clearBufferiv(gl.COLOR, 1, new Int32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]));
             gl.clearBufferuiv(gl.COLOR, 2, new Uint32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]));
 
-            //////////////////////////////////
-            // Set view and proj mats for VBO renderers
-            ///////////////////////////////////////
-
-            frameCtx.pickViewMatrix = (canvasPos
-                                       ? scene.camera.viewMatrix
-                                       : math.lookAtMat4v(
-                                           origin,
-                                           math.addVec3(origin, direction, math.vec3()),
-                                           math.vec3([0, 1, 0]),
-                                           math.mat4()));
-
-            const pickProjMatrix = scene.camera.projMatrix;
-
-            for (let type in drawableTypeInfo) {
-                if (drawableTypeInfo.hasOwnProperty(type)) {
-                    const drawableList = drawableTypeInfo[type].drawableList;
-                    for (let i = 0, len = drawableList.length; i < len; i++) {
-                        const drawable = drawableList[i];
-                        if (drawable.setPickMatrices) { // Eg. SceneModel, which needs pre-loading into texture
-                            drawable.setPickMatrices(frameCtx.pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
             // a) init z-buffer
             gl.drawBuffers([gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT1, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT2]);
-            const layerParamsSurface = drawSnapInit(frameCtx);
+
+            frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams = [];
+            frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams.push(null); // This recreates previous situation, which relied on snapPickLayerNumber
+            postCullDrawableList.forEach(drawable => {
+                if (!drawable.culled && drawable.visible && drawable.pickable && drawable.drawSnapInit) {
+                    drawable.drawSnapInit(frameCtx);
+                }
+            });
+
+            const layerParamsSurface = frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams;
 
             // b) snap-pick
-            const layerParamsSnap = []
-            frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams = layerParamsSnap;
+            frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams = [];
 
             gl.depthMask(false);
             gl.drawBuffers([gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0]);
 
-            if (snapToVertex && snapToEdge) {
-                frameCtx.snapMode = "edge";
-                drawSnap(frameCtx);
-
-                frameCtx.snapMode = "vertex";
-                frameCtx.snapPickLayerNumber++;
-
-                drawSnap(frameCtx);
-            } else {
-                frameCtx.snapMode = snapToVertex ? "vertex" : "edge";
+            const drawSnap = (snapMode) => {
+                frameCtx.snapMode = snapMode;
+                frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams.push(null); // This recreates previous situation, which relied on snapPickLayerNumber
+                postCullDrawableList.forEach(drawable => {
+                    if (!drawable.culled && drawable.visible && drawable.pickable && drawable.drawSnap) {
+                        drawable.drawSnap(frameCtx);
+                    }
+                });
+            };
 
-                drawSnap(frameCtx);
+            if (snapToEdge) {
+                drawSnap("edge");
+            }
+            if (snapToVertex) {
+                drawSnap("vertex");
             }
 
             gl.depthMask(true);
 
+            const layerParamsSnap = frameCtx.snapPickLayerParams;
+
             // Read and decode the snapped coordinates
+            const readSnapPickBuffer = (source, arrayType, glType) => {
+                const w = vertexPickBuffer.buffer.width;
+                const h = vertexPickBuffer.buffer.height;
+                const pix = new arrayType(4 * w * h);
+                gl.readBuffer(source);
+                gl.readPixels(0, 0, w, h, gl.RGBA_INTEGER, glType, pix, 0);
+                return pix;
+            };
 
-            const snapPickResultArray = vertexPickBuffer.readArray(gl.RGBA_INTEGER, gl.INT, Int32Array, 4);
-            const snapPickNormalResultArray = vertexPickBuffer.readArray(gl.RGBA_INTEGER, gl.INT, Int32Array, 4, 1);
-            const snapPickIdResultArray = vertexPickBuffer.readArray(gl.RGBA_INTEGER, gl.UNSIGNED_INT, Uint32Array, 4, 2);
+            const snapPickResultArray       = readSnapPickBuffer(gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, Int32Array,  gl.INT);
+            const snapPickNormalResultArray = readSnapPickBuffer(gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT1, Int32Array,  gl.INT);
+            const snapPickIdResultArray     = readSnapPickBuffer(gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT2, Uint32Array, gl.UNSIGNED_INT);
 
             vertexPickBuffer.unbind();
 
@@ -1439,195 +1567,76 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
 
             if (pickResultMiddleXY[3] !== 0) {
                 const pickedLayerParmasSurface = layerParamsSurface[Math.abs(pickResultMiddleXY[3]) % layerParamsSurface.length];
-                const origin = pickedLayerParmasSurface.origin;
-                const scale = pickedLayerParmasSurface.coordinateScale;
-                worldPos = [
-                    pickResultMiddleXY[0] * scale[0] + origin[0],
-                    pickResultMiddleXY[1] * scale[1] + origin[1],
-                    pickResultMiddleXY[2] * scale[2] + origin[2],
-                ];
-                worldNormal = math.normalizeVec3([
-                    pickNormalResultMiddleXY[0] / math.MAX_INT,
-                    pickNormalResultMiddleXY[1] / math.MAX_INT,
-                    pickNormalResultMiddleXY[2] / math.MAX_INT,
-                ]);
-
-                const pickID =
-                    pickPickableResultMiddleXY[0]
-                    + (pickPickableResultMiddleXY[1] << 8)
-                    + (pickPickableResultMiddleXY[2] << 16)
-                    + (pickPickableResultMiddleXY[3] << 24);
-
-                pickable = pickIDs.items[pickID];
+                worldPos = toWorldPos(pickResultMiddleXY, pickedLayerParmasSurface.origin, pickedLayerParmasSurface.coordinateScale);
+                worldNormal = toWorldNormal(pickNormalResultMiddleXY);
+
+                pickable = pickIDs.items[pixelToInt(pickPickableResultMiddleXY)];
             }
 
             // result 2) hi-precision snapped (to vertex/edge) world position
 
-            let snapPickResult = [];
-
+            const snapPickResult = [ ];
             for (let i = 0; i < snapPickResultArray.length; i += 4) {
-                if (snapPickResultArray[i + 3] > 0) {
+                const layerNumber = snapPickResultArray[i + 3];
+                if (layerNumber > 0) {
                     const pixelNumber = Math.floor(i / 4);
                     const w = vertexPickBuffer.size[0];
                     const x = pixelNumber % w - Math.floor(w / 2);
                     const y = Math.floor(pixelNumber / w) - Math.floor(w / 2);
-                    const dist = (Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x, 2) + Math.pow(y, 2)));
                     snapPickResult.push({
-                        x,
-                        y,
-                        dist,
-                        isVertex: snapToVertex && snapToEdge ? snapPickResultArray[i + 3] > layerParamsSnap.length / 2 : snapToVertex,
-                        result: [
-                            snapPickResultArray[i + 0],
-                            snapPickResultArray[i + 1],
-                            snapPickResultArray[i + 2],
-                            snapPickResultArray[i + 3],
-                        ],
-                        normal: [
-                            snapPickNormalResultArray[i + 0],
-                            snapPickNormalResultArray[i + 1],
-                            snapPickNormalResultArray[i + 2],
-                            snapPickNormalResultArray[i + 3],
-                        ],
-                        id: [
-                            snapPickIdResultArray[i + 0],
-                            snapPickIdResultArray[i + 1],
-                            snapPickIdResultArray[i + 2],
-                            snapPickIdResultArray[i + 3],
-                        ]
+                        dist:     math.lenVec2([ x, y ]),
+                        isVertex: (snapToVertex && snapToEdge) ? (layerNumber > layerParamsSnap.length / 2) : snapToVertex,
+                        result:   snapPickResultArray.subarray(i, i+4),
+                        normal:   snapPickNormalResultArray.subarray(i, i+4),
+                        id:       snapPickIdResultArray.subarray(i, i+4)
                     });
                 }
             }
 
-            let snappedWorldPos = null;
-            let snappedWorldNormal = null;
-            let snappedPickable = null;
-            let snapType = null;
+            const getPickedEntity = pickable => (pickable && pickable.delegatePickedEntity) ? pickable.delegatePickedEntity() : pickable;
 
             if (snapPickResult.length > 0) {
-                // vertex snap first, then edge snap
-                snapPickResult.sort((a, b) => {
-                    if (a.isVertex !== b.isVertex) {
-                        return a.isVertex ? -1 : 1;
-                    } else {
-                        return a.dist - b.dist;
-                    }
-                });
-
-                snapType = snapPickResult[0].isVertex ? "vertex" : "edge";
-                const snapPick = snapPickResult[0].result;
-                const snapPickNormal = snapPickResult[0].normal;
-                const snapPickId = snapPickResult[0].id;
-
+                // closest vertex snap first, then closest edge snap
+                const res = snapPickResult.reduce((a,b) => ((((a.isVertex-b.isVertex) || (b.dist-a.dist)) > 0) ? a : b));
+                const snapPick = res.result;
                 const pickedLayerParmas = layerParamsSnap[snapPick[3]];
+                const snappedWorldPos = toWorldPos(snapPick, pickedLayerParmas.origin, pickedLayerParmas.coordinateScale);
+                const snappedCanvasPos = camera.projectWorldPos(snappedWorldPos);
+
+                pickResult.reset();
+                pickResult.snappedToEdge    = !res.isVertex;
+                pickResult.snappedToVertex  = res.isVertex;
+                pickResult.worldPos         = snappedWorldPos;
+                pickResult.worldNormal      = toWorldNormal(res.normal);
+                pickResult.entity           = getPickedEntity(pickIDs.items[pixelToInt(res.id)]);
+                pickResult.canvasPos        = canvasPos || (worldPos && camera.projectWorldPos(worldPos)) || snappedCanvasPos;
+                pickResult.snappedCanvasPos = snappedCanvasPos;
+                return pickResult;
+
+            } else if (worldPos) {
+
+                pickResult.reset();
+                pickResult.snappedToEdge    = false;
+                pickResult.snappedToVertex  = false;
+                pickResult.worldPos         = worldPos;
+                pickResult.worldNormal      = worldNormal;
+                pickResult.entity           = getPickedEntity(pickable);
+                pickResult.canvasPos        = canvasPos || camera.projectWorldPos(worldPos);
+                pickResult.snappedCanvasPos = canvasPos;
+                return pickResult;
 
-                const origin = pickedLayerParmas.origin;
-                const scale = pickedLayerParmas.coordinateScale;
-
-                snappedWorldNormal = math.normalizeVec3([
-                    snapPickNormal[0] / math.MAX_INT,
-                    snapPickNormal[1] / math.MAX_INT,
-                    snapPickNormal[2] / math.MAX_INT,
-                ]);
-
-                snappedWorldPos = [
-                    snapPick[0] * scale[0] + origin[0],
-                    snapPick[1] * scale[1] + origin[1],
-                    snapPick[2] * scale[2] + origin[2],
-                ];
-
-                snappedPickable = pickIDs.items[
-                snapPickId[0]
-                + (snapPickId[1] << 8)
-                + (snapPickId[2] << 16)
-                + (snapPickId[3] << 24)
-                    ];
-            }
-
-            if (null === worldPos && null == snappedWorldPos) {   // If neither regular pick or snap pick, return null
+            } else {
                 return null;
             }
-
-            let snappedCanvasPos = null;
-
-            if (null !== snappedWorldPos) {
-                snappedCanvasPos = scene.camera.projectWorldPos(snappedWorldPos);
-            }
-
-            const snappedEntity = (snappedPickable && snappedPickable.delegatePickedEntity) ? snappedPickable.delegatePickedEntity() : snappedPickable;
-            if (!snappedEntity && pickable) {
-                pickable = pickable.delegatePickedEntity ? pickable.delegatePickedEntity() : pickable;
-            }
-
-            pickResult.reset();
-            pickResult.snappedToEdge = (snapType === "edge");
-            pickResult.snappedToVertex = (snapType === "vertex");
-            pickResult.worldPos = snappedWorldPos || worldPos;
-            pickResult.worldNormal = snappedWorldNormal || worldNormal;
-            pickResult.entity = snappedEntity || pickable;
-            pickResult.canvasPos = canvasPos || scene.camera.projectWorldPos(worldPos || snappedWorldPos);
-            pickResult.snappedCanvasPos = snappedCanvasPos || canvasPos;
-
-            return pickResult;
         };
     })();
 
-    function unpackDepth(depthZ) {
-        const vec = [depthZ[0] / 256.0, depthZ[1] / 256.0, depthZ[2] / 256.0, depthZ[3] / 256.0];
-        const bitShift = [1.0 / (256.0 * 256.0 * 256.0), 1.0 / (256.0 * 256.0), 1.0 / 256.0, 1.0];
-        return math.dotVec4(vec, bitShift);
-    }
-
-    function gpuPickWorldNormal(pickBuffer, pickable, canvasPos, pickViewMatrix, pickProjMatrix, pickResult) {
-
-        const resolutionScale = scene.canvas.resolutionScale;
-
-        frameCtx.reset();
-        frameCtx.backfaces = true;
-        frameCtx.frontface = true; // "ccw"
-        frameCtx.pickOrigin = pickResult.origin;
-        frameCtx.pickViewMatrix = pickViewMatrix;
-        frameCtx.pickProjMatrix = pickProjMatrix;
-        frameCtx.pickClipPos = [
-            getClipPosX(canvasPos[0] * resolutionScale, gl.drawingBufferWidth),
-            getClipPosY(canvasPos[1] * resolutionScale, gl.drawingBufferHeight),
-        ];
-
-        const pickNormalBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("pick-normal", {size: [3, 3]});
-
-        pickNormalBuffer.bind(gl.RGBA32I);
-
-        gl.viewport(0, 0, pickNormalBuffer.size[0], pickNormalBuffer.size[1]);
-
-        gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
-        gl.disable(gl.CULL_FACE);
-        gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
-        gl.clear(gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
-        gl.clearBufferiv(gl.COLOR, 0, new Int32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]));
-
-        pickable.drawPickNormals(frameCtx); // Draw color-encoded fragment World-space normals
-
-        const pix = pickNormalBuffer.read(1, 1, gl.RGBA_INTEGER, gl.INT, Int32Array, 4);
-
-        pickNormalBuffer.unbind();
-
-        const worldNormal = [
-            pix[0] / math.MAX_INT,
-            pix[1] / math.MAX_INT,
-            pix[2] / math.MAX_INT,
-        ];
-
-        math.normalizeVec3(worldNormal);
-
-        pickResult.worldNormal = worldNormal;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Adds a {@link Marker} for occlusion testing.
      * @param marker
      */
     this.addMarker = function (marker) {
-        this._occlusionTester = this._occlusionTester || new OcclusionTester(scene, renderBufferManager);
+        this._occlusionTester = this._occlusionTester || new OcclusionTester(scene);
         this._occlusionTester.addMarker(marker);
         scene.occlusionTestCountdown = 0;
     };
@@ -1658,11 +1667,17 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
 
             updateDrawlist();
 
-            this._occlusionTester.bindRenderBuf();
+            const readPixelBuf = (! OCCLUSION_TEST_MODE) && renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("occlusionReadPix");
+            if (readPixelBuf) {
+                readPixelBuf.setSize([gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight]);
+                readPixelBuf.bind();
+            }
 
             frameCtx.reset();
             frameCtx.backfaces = true;
             frameCtx.frontface = true; // "ccw"
+            frameCtx.viewParams = getSceneCameraViewParams();
+            frameCtx.nearPlaneHeight = getNearPlaneHeight(scene.camera, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
 
             gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
             gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -1671,121 +1686,143 @@ const Renderer = function (scene, options) {
             gl.disable(gl.BLEND);
             gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
-
-            for (let i = 0, len = postCullDrawableList.length; i < len; i++) {
-
-                const drawable = postCullDrawableList[i];
-
-                if (!drawable.drawOcclusion || drawable.culled === true || drawable.visible === false || drawable.pickable === false) { // TODO: Option to exclude transparent?
-                    continue;
+            postCullDrawableList.forEach(drawable => {
+                if (!drawable.culled && drawable.visible && drawable.pickable && drawable.drawOcclusion) { // TODO: Option to exclude transparent?
+                    drawable.drawOcclusion(frameCtx);
                 }
+            });
 
-                drawable.drawOcclusion(frameCtx);
-            }
-
-            this._occlusionTester.drawMarkers(frameCtx);
-            this._occlusionTester.doOcclusionTest(); // Updates Marker "visible" properties
-            this._occlusionTester.unbindRenderBuf();
-        }
-    };
+            this._occlusionTester.drawMarkers();
 
-    /**
-     * Read pixels from the renderer's current output. Performs a force-render first.
-     * @param pixels
-     * @param colors
-     * @param len
-     * @param opaqueOnly
-     * @private
-     */
-    this.readPixels = function (pixels, colors, len, opaqueOnly) {
-        const snapshotBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("snapshot");
-        snapshotBuffer.bind();
-        snapshotBuffer.clear();
-        this.render({force: true, opaqueOnly: opaqueOnly});
-        let color;
-        let i;
-        let j;
-        let k;
-        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-            j = i * 2;
-            k = i * 4;
-            color = snapshotBuffer.read(pixels[j], pixels[j + 1]);
-            colors[k] = color[0];
-            colors[k + 1] = color[1];
-            colors[k + 2] = color[2];
-            colors[k + 3] = color[3];
-        }
-        snapshotBuffer.unbind();
-        imageDirty = true;
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * Enter snapshot mode.
-     *
-     * Switches rendering to a hidden snapshot canvas.
-     *
-     * Exit snapshot mode using endSnapshot().
-     */
-    this.beginSnapshot = function (params = {}) {
-        const snapshotBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("snapshot");
-        if (params.width && params.height) {
-            snapshotBuffer.setSize([params.width, params.height]);
-        }
-        snapshotBuffer.bind();
-        snapshotBuffer.clear();
-        snapshotBound = true;
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * When in snapshot mode, renders a frame of the current Scene state to the snapshot canvas.
-     */
-    this.renderSnapshot = function () {
-        if (!snapshotBound) {
-            return;
+            if (readPixelBuf) {
+                const resolutionScale = scene.canvas.resolutionScale;
+                this._occlusionTester.doOcclusionTest( // Updates Marker "visible" properties
+                    (x, y) => readPixelBuf.read(Math.round(resolutionScale * x), Math.round(resolutionScale * y)));
+                readPixelBuf.unbind();
+            }
         }
-        const snapshotBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("snapshot");
-        snapshotBuffer.clear();
-        this.render({force: true, opaqueOnly: false});
-        imageDirty = true;
     };
 
-    /**
-     * When in snapshot mode, gets an image of the snapshot canvas.
-     *
-     * @private
-     * @returns {String} The image data URI.
-     */
-    this.readSnapshot = function (params) {
-        const snapshotBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("snapshot");
-        return snapshotBuffer.readImage(params);
-    };
+    this.snapshot = (() => {
+        let snapshotBound = false;
+        const snapshotBuffer = new RenderBuffer(gl);
+        let snapshotCanvas = null;
+
+        return {
+            /**
+             * Read pixels from the renderer's current output. Performs a force-render first.
+             * @param pixels
+             * @param colors
+             * @param len
+             * @private
+             */
+            readPixels: (pixels, colors, len) => {
+                snapshotBuffer.bind();
+                gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+                imageDirty = true;
+                this.render();
+                for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                    const j = i * 2;
+                    const k = i * 4;
+                    const color = snapshotBuffer.read(pixels[j], pixels[j + 1]);
+                    colors[k] = color[0];
+                    colors[k + 1] = color[1];
+                    colors[k + 2] = color[2];
+                    colors[k + 3] = color[3];
+                }
+                snapshotBuffer.unbind();
+                imageDirty = true;
+            },
+
+            /**
+             * Enter snapshot mode.
+             *
+             * Switches rendering to a hidden snapshot canvas.
+             *
+             * Exit snapshot mode using endSnapshot().
+             */
+            beginSnapshot: () => {
+                snapshotBuffer.setSize([gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight]);
+                snapshotBuffer.bind();
+                gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+                snapshotBound = true;
+            },
+
+            /**
+             * Returns an HTMLCanvas containing an image of the snapshot canvas.
+             *
+             * - The HTMLCanvas has a CanvasRenderingContext2D.
+             * - Expects the caller to draw more things on the HTMLCanvas (annotations etc).
+             *
+             * @returns {HTMLCanvasElement}
+             */
+            renderSnapshotToCanvas: () => {
+                const width  = snapshotBuffer.buffer.width;
+                const height = snapshotBuffer.buffer.height;
+
+                if ((! snapshotCanvas) || (snapshotCanvas.width !== width) || (snapshotCanvas.height !== height)) {
+                    snapshotCanvas = (function() {
+                        const canvas  = document.createElement('canvas');
+                        const context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+                        canvas.width  = width;
+                        canvas.height = height;
+                        const pixelData = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
+                        const imageData = context.createImageData(width, height);
+
+                        return {
+                            width:            width,
+                            height:           height,
+                            getUpdatedCanvas: () => {
+                                gl.readPixels(0, 0, width, height, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixelData);
+
+                                // flip verically
+                                const halfHeight = Math.floor(height / 2);
+                                const bytesPerRow = width * 4;
+                                const temp = new Uint8Array(bytesPerRow);
+                                for (let y = 0; y < halfHeight; ++y) {
+                                    const topOffset = y * bytesPerRow;
+                                    const bottomOffset = (height - y - 1) * bytesPerRow;
+                                    temp.set(pixelData.subarray(topOffset, topOffset + bytesPerRow));
+                                    pixelData.copyWithin(topOffset, bottomOffset, bottomOffset + bytesPerRow);
+                                    pixelData.set(temp, bottomOffset);
+                                }
+
+                                imageData.data.set(pixelData);
+
+                                context.resetTransform(); // Prevents strange scale-accumulation effect with html2canvas
+                                context.putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
+
+                                return canvas;
+                            }
+                        };
+                    })();
+                }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns an HTMLCanvas containing an image of the snapshot canvas.
-     *
-     * - The HTMLCanvas has a CanvasRenderingContext2D.
-     * - Expects the caller to draw more things on the HTMLCanvas (annotations etc).
-     *
-     * @returns {HTMLCanvasElement}
-     */
-    this.readSnapshotAsCanvas = function () {
-        const snapshotBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("snapshot");
-        return snapshotBuffer.readImageAsCanvas();
-    };
+                if (snapshotBound) {
+                    gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+                    imageDirty = true;
+                    this.render();
+                    imageDirty = true;
+                }
 
-    /**
-     * Exists snapshot mode.
-     *
-     * Switches rendering back to the main canvas.
-     */
-    this.endSnapshot = function () {
-        if (!snapshotBound) {
-            return;
-        }
-        const snapshotBuffer = renderBufferManager.getRenderBuffer("snapshot");
-        snapshotBuffer.unbind();
-        snapshotBound = false;
-    };
+                return snapshotCanvas.getUpdatedCanvas();
+            },
+
+            /**
+             * Exists snapshot mode.
+             *
+             * Switches rendering back to the main canvas.
+             */
+            endSnapshot: () => {
+                if (snapshotBound) {
+                    snapshotBuffer.unbind();
+                    snapshotBound = false;
+                }
+                imageDirty = true;
+                this.render();
+            }
+        };
+    })();
 
     /**
      * Destroys this renderer.