@syllst/th 0.1.1 → 0.1.2

package/dist/lesson-08-BqW5C_OE.js

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+const n = `---
+type: lesson
+id: thai-vowels-lesson-08
+title: "บทที่ 8 — กฎเสียงวรรณยุกต์"
+description: "Complete Tone Rules: Determining tone from syllable structure"
+order: 8
+parentId: thai-vowels-tones
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - tones
+  - tone-rules
+  - phonology
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 40
+  prerequisites:
+    - thai-vowels-lesson-07
+  objectives:
+    - "Understand live vs dead syllables"
+    - "Apply tone rules based on syllable structure"
+    - "Master the complete tone determination system"
+    - "Practice reading tones without marks"
+---
+
+# บทที่ 8 (Lesson 8) — Complete Tone Rules
+
+## Introduction
+
+This final lesson ties everything together. You'll learn how to determine the tone of **any** Thai syllable — even those without tone marks — based on three factors:
+1. **Consonant class** (middle, high, low)
+2. **Vowel length** (short vs long)
+3. **Syllable type** (live vs dead)
+
+## Live vs Dead Syllables
+
+Thai syllables are classified as **live** (คำเป็น) or **dead** (คำตาย):
+
+| Type | Thai | Ends With | Example |
+|------|------|-----------|---------|
+| Live | คำเป็น | Long vowel OR sonorant (ง, น, ม, ย, ว, ร, ล) | มา, กิน |
+| Dead | คำตาย | Short vowel OR stop consonant (ก, บ, ด) | มะ, มัก |
+
+**Sonorants** are: ง, น, ม, ย, ว, ร, ล — these allow the voice to continue.
+**Stops** are: ก, บ, ด (and their homophones) — these cut off the sound.
+
+## The Master Tone Chart
+
+This chart shows the default tone (no tone mark) for each combination:
+
+### Without Tone Marks
+
+| Class | Live Syllable | Dead (Short) | Dead (Long) |
+|-------|---------------|--------------|-------------|
+| Middle | Mid | Low | Low |
+| High | Rising | Low | Low |
+| Low | Mid | High | Falling |
+
+### With Mai Ek (่)
+
+| Class | Result |
+|-------|--------|
+| Middle | Low |
+| High | Low |
+| Low | Falling |
+
+### With Mai Tho (้)
+
+| Class | Result |
+|-------|--------|
+| Middle | Falling |
+| High | Falling |
+| Low | High |
+
+## Step-by-Step Tone Determination
+
+To find the tone of any syllable:
+
+1. **Identify the initial consonant class** (middle, high, low)
+2. **Check for tone marks** — if present, use the tone mark chart
+3. **If no tone mark**:
+   - Determine if the syllable is live or dead
+   - If dead, check if the vowel is short or long
+   - Apply the master chart
+
+## Worked Examples
+
+### Example 1: มา (maa)
+- Initial consonant: ม (low class)
+- Tone mark: none
+- Syllable type: live (ends in long vowel า)
+- **Result**: Mid tone → มา (maa)
+
+### Example 2: มัก (mak)
+- Initial consonant: ม (low class)
+- Tone mark: none
+- Syllable type: dead (ends in stop ก)
+- Vowel: short (ั)
+- **Result**: High tone → มัก (mák)
+
+### Example 3: ข้าว (khaao)
+- Initial consonant: ข (high class)
+- Tone mark: mai tho (้)
+- **Result**: Falling tone → ข้าว (khâao)
+
+### Example 4: ตก (dtok)
+- Initial consonant: ต (middle class)
+- Tone mark: none
+- Syllable type: dead (ends in stop ก)
+- **Result**: Low tone → ตก (dtòk)
+
+## The Leading ห Trick
+
+Low class consonants **cannot produce rising or low tones** on their own. Thai solves this with the "leading ห" pattern:
+
+**ห + low class consonant** = acts like high class
+
+| Without ห | With ห | Effect |
+|-----------|--------|--------|
+| มา (mid) | หมา (rising) | Now can get rising tone |
+| นา (mid) | หนา (rising) | Same pattern |
+
+This is why หมา (dog) has a rising tone even though ม is low class.
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### Food Words Often Have Falling Tones
+- ข้าว (khâao) — rice
+- ก๋วยเตี๋ยว (gǔai-dtǐao) — noodles
+- น้ำ (náam) — water
+
+### Question Particles
+- ไหม (mǎi) — yes/no question
+- หรือ (rʉ̌ʉ) — or
+
+### Negation
+- ไม่ (mâi) — not
+- ไม่ใช่ (mâi châi) — is not
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Three factors**: Class + vowel length + syllable type determine tone
+2. **Live vs dead**: Open syllables vs closed syllables
+3. **Leading ห**: Converts low class behavior to high class
+4. **Practice is key**: Eventually this becomes intuitive
+
+## Tone Practice Checklist
+
+When reading a new word:
+1. ✓ What class is the initial consonant?
+2. ✓ Is there a tone mark?
+3. ✓ If no mark: is it live or dead?
+4. ✓ If dead: short or long vowel?
+5. ✓ Apply the rule from the chart
+
+## Common Mistakes to Avoid
+
+1. **Forgetting syllable type**: Dead syllables without marks aren't mid tone
+2. **Ignoring ห**: It's not silent — it changes the tone class
+3. **Class confusion**: Review consonant classes from the alphabet course
+4. **Over-relying on marks**: Many words have no tone marks
+
+## Complete Tone Rules Summary Table
+
+### Live Syllables (No Tone Mark)
+
+| Consonant Class | Tone | Example |
+|----------------|------|---------|
+| Middle | Mid | กา (gaa) |
+| High | Rising | ขา (khǎa) |
+| Low | Mid | คา (khaa) |
+
+### Dead Syllables (No Tone Mark)
+
+| Consonant Class | Short Vowel | Long Vowel | Example (Short) |
+|----------------|------------|------------|-----------------|
+| Middle | Low | Low | ตก (dtòk) |
+| High | Low | Low | ขก (khòk) |
+| Low | High | Falling | มัก (mák) |
+
+### With Tone Marks
+
+| Mark | Middle | High | Low |
+|------|--------|------|-----|
+| ◌่ (mai ek) | Low | Low | Falling |
+| ◌้ (mai tho) | Falling | Falling | High |
+| ◌๊ (mai tri) | High | — | — |
+| ◌๋ (mai chattawa) | Rising | — | — |
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="tone-rules-1-syllable-type" type="multiple-choice" title="Live vs Dead Syllable"}
+
+**Question:** Which syllable is "dead" (คำตาย)?
+
+**Options:**
+- มา (maa) - ends in long vowel
+- กิน (gin) - ends in น (sonorant)
+- ตก (dtok) - ends in ก (stop)
+- งู (nguu) - ends in long vowel
+
+**Answer:** 3
+
+**Explanation:** Dead syllables end in a stop consonant (ก, บ, ด) or have a short vowel. มา and งู are live (long vowels), กิน is live (ends in sonorant น), but ตก is dead (ends in stop ก).
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="tone-rules-1-tone-determination" type="fill-in-blank" title="Tone Determination Practice"}
+
+**Question:** Determine the tone for these syllables:
+
+- มา (low-class ม, no mark, live syllable)
+- มัก (low-class ม, no mark, dead syllable, short vowel)
+- ขา (high-class ข, no mark, live syllable)
+- ค้า (low-class ค, mai tho, live syllable)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- มา → Mid tone (low-class, live, no mark)
+- มัก → High tone (low-class, dead, short vowel, no mark)
+- ขา → Rising tone (high-class, live, no mark)
+- ค้า → High tone (low-class + mai tho = high tone exception)
+
+**Explanation:** Follow the step-by-step process: identify class, check for tone mark, determine syllable type, apply the rules from the chart.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="tone-rules-1-leading-h" type="matching" title="The Leading ห Trick"}
+
+**Question:** Match each word to how ห affects the tone
+
+- หมา (dog)
+- หนา (thick)
+- หงา (rare)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- หมา → ห lifts ม (low-class) to high-class behavior, producing rising tone
+- หนา → ห lifts น (low-class) to high-class behavior, producing rising tone
+- หงา → ห lifts ง (low-class) to high-class behavior, producing rising tone
+
+**Explanation:** Leading ห (silent) changes low-class consonants to behave like high-class for tone purposes. This allows low-class consonants to produce rising tones, which they normally cannot do.
+
+:::
+
+## What You've Learned
+
+Congratulations! You now understand:
+- All 32 Thai vowel forms
+- Short vs long vowel distinction
+- The 4 tone marks
+- Complete tone rules for any syllable
+
+## Next Steps
+
+With vowels and tones mastered, you're ready for:
+- **Numbers & Counting** — Apply your reading skills to practical vocabulary
+- **Essential Phrases** — Start forming complete sentences
+- **Thai Typing** — Build muscle memory for keyboard input
+
+Your foundation is now solid. Everything from here builds on what you've learned!
+`;
+export {
+  n as default
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-08-BqW5C_OE.js.map

package/dist/lesson-08-BqW5C_OE.js.map

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+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-08-BqW5C_OE.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/vowels-tones/lessons/lesson-08.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: thai-vowels-lesson-08\\ntitle: \\\"บทที่ 8 — กฎเสียงวรรณยุกต์\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Complete Tone Rules: Determining tone from syllable structure\\\"\\norder: 8\\nparentId: thai-vowels-tones\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - tones\\n  - tone-rules\\n  - phonology\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 40\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - thai-vowels-lesson-07\\n  objectives:\\n    - \\\"Understand live vs dead syllables\\\"\\n    - \\\"Apply tone rules based on syllable structure\\\"\\n    - \\\"Master the complete tone determination system\\\"\\n    - \\\"Practice reading tones without marks\\\"\\n---\\n\\n# บทที่ 8 (Lesson 8) — Complete Tone Rules\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThis final lesson ties everything together. You'll learn how to determine the tone of **any** Thai syllable — even those without tone marks — based on three factors:\\n1. **Consonant class** (middle, high, low)\\n2. **Vowel length** (short vs long)\\n3. **Syllable type** (live vs dead)\\n\\n## Live vs Dead Syllables\\n\\nThai syllables are classified as **live** (คำเป็น) or **dead** (คำตาย):\\n\\n| Type | Thai | Ends With | Example |\\n|------|------|-----------|---------|\\n| Live | คำเป็น | Long vowel OR sonorant (ง, น, ม, ย, ว, ร, ล) | มา, กิน |\\n| Dead | คำตาย | Short vowel OR stop consonant (ก, บ, ด) | มะ, มัก |\\n\\n**Sonorants** are: ง, น, ม, ย, ว, ร, ล — these allow the voice to continue.\\n**Stops** are: ก, บ, ด (and their homophones) — these cut off the sound.\\n\\n## The Master Tone Chart\\n\\nThis chart shows the default tone (no tone mark) for each combination:\\n\\n### Without Tone Marks\\n\\n| Class | Live Syllable | Dead (Short) | Dead (Long) |\\n|-------|---------------|--------------|-------------|\\n| Middle | Mid | Low | Low |\\n| High | Rising | Low | Low |\\n| Low | Mid | High | Falling |\\n\\n### With Mai Ek (่)\\n\\n| Class | Result |\\n|-------|--------|\\n| Middle | Low |\\n| High | Low |\\n| Low | Falling |\\n\\n### With Mai Tho (้)\\n\\n| Class | Result |\\n|-------|--------|\\n| Middle | Falling |\\n| High | Falling |\\n| Low | High |\\n\\n## Step-by-Step Tone Determination\\n\\nTo find the tone of any syllable:\\n\\n1. **Identify the initial consonant class** (middle, high, low)\\n2. **Check for tone marks** — if present, use the tone mark chart\\n3. **If no tone mark**:\\n   - Determine if the syllable is live or dead\\n   - If dead, check if the vowel is short or long\\n   - Apply the master chart\\n\\n## Worked Examples\\n\\n### Example 1: มา (maa)\\n- Initial consonant: ม (low class)\\n- Tone mark: none\\n- Syllable type: live (ends in long vowel า)\\n- **Result**: Mid tone → มา (maa)\\n\\n### Example 2: มัก (mak)\\n- Initial consonant: ม (low class)\\n- Tone mark: none\\n- Syllable type: dead (ends in stop ก)\\n- Vowel: short (ั)\\n- **Result**: High tone → มัก (mák)\\n\\n### Example 3: ข้าว (khaao)\\n- Initial consonant: ข (high class)\\n- Tone mark: mai tho (้)\\n- **Result**: Falling tone → ข้าว (khâao)\\n\\n### Example 4: ตก (dtok)\\n- Initial consonant: ต (middle class)\\n- Tone mark: none\\n- Syllable type: dead (ends in stop ก)\\n- **Result**: Low tone → ตก (dtòk)\\n\\n## The Leading ห Trick\\n\\nLow class consonants **cannot produce rising or low tones** on their own. Thai solves this with the \\\"leading ห\\\" pattern:\\n\\n**ห + low class consonant** = acts like high class\\n\\n| Without ห | With ห | Effect |\\n|-----------|--------|--------|\\n| มา (mid) | หมา (rising) | Now can get rising tone |\\n| นา (mid) | หนา (rising) | Same pattern |\\n\\nThis is why หมา (dog) has a rising tone even though ม is low class.\\n\\n## Common Patterns\\n\\n### Food Words Often Have Falling Tones\\n- ข้าว (khâao) — rice\\n- ก๋วยเตี๋ยว (gǔai-dtǐao) — noodles\\n- น้ำ (náam) — water\\n\\n### Question Particles\\n- ไหม (mǎi) — yes/no question\\n- หรือ (rʉ̌ʉ) — or\\n\\n### Negation\\n- ไม่ (mâi) — not\\n- ไม่ใช่ (mâi châi) — is not\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Three factors**: Class + vowel length + syllable type determine tone\\n2. **Live vs dead**: Open syllables vs closed syllables\\n3. **Leading ห**: Converts low class behavior to high class\\n4. **Practice is key**: Eventually this becomes intuitive\\n\\n## Tone Practice Checklist\\n\\nWhen reading a new word:\\n1. ✓ What class is the initial consonant?\\n2. ✓ Is there a tone mark?\\n3. ✓ If no mark: is it live or dead?\\n4. ✓ If dead: short or long vowel?\\n5. ✓ Apply the rule from the chart\\n\\n## Common Mistakes to Avoid\\n\\n1. **Forgetting syllable type**: Dead syllables without marks aren't mid tone\\n2. **Ignoring ห**: It's not silent — it changes the tone class\\n3. **Class confusion**: Review consonant classes from the alphabet course\\n4. **Over-relying on marks**: Many words have no tone marks\\n\\n## Complete Tone Rules Summary Table\\n\\n### Live Syllables (No Tone Mark)\\n\\n| Consonant Class | Tone | Example |\\n|----------------|------|---------|\\n| Middle | Mid | กา (gaa) |\\n| High | Rising | ขา (khǎa) |\\n| Low | Mid | คา (khaa) |\\n\\n### Dead Syllables (No Tone Mark)\\n\\n| Consonant Class | Short Vowel | Long Vowel | Example (Short) |\\n|----------------|------------|------------|-----------------|\\n| Middle | Low | Low | ตก (dtòk) |\\n| High | Low | Low | ขก (khòk) |\\n| Low | High | Falling | มัก (mák) |\\n\\n### With Tone Marks\\n\\n| Mark | Middle | High | Low |\\n|------|--------|------|-----|\\n| ◌่ (mai ek) | Low | Low | Falling |\\n| ◌้ (mai tho) | Falling | Falling | High |\\n| ◌๊ (mai tri) | High | — | — |\\n| ◌๋ (mai chattawa) | Rising | — | — |\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"tone-rules-1-syllable-type\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Live vs Dead Syllable\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Which syllable is \\\"dead\\\" (คำตาย)?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- มา (maa) - ends in long vowel\\n- กิน (gin) - ends in น (sonorant)\\n- ตก (dtok) - ends in ก (stop)\\n- งู (nguu) - ends in long vowel\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** Dead syllables end in a stop consonant (ก, บ, ด) or have a short vowel. มา and งู are live (long vowels), กิน is live (ends in sonorant น), but ตก is dead (ends in stop ก).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"tone-rules-1-tone-determination\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Tone Determination Practice\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Determine the tone for these syllables:\\n\\n- มา (low-class ม, no mark, live syllable)\\n- มัก (low-class ม, no mark, dead syllable, short vowel)\\n- ขา (high-class ข, no mark, live syllable)\\n- ค้า (low-class ค, mai tho, live syllable)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- มา → Mid tone (low-class, live, no mark)\\n- มัก → High tone (low-class, dead, short vowel, no mark)\\n- ขา → Rising tone (high-class, live, no mark)\\n- ค้า → High tone (low-class + mai tho = high tone exception)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Follow the step-by-step process: identify class, check for tone mark, determine syllable type, apply the rules from the chart.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"tone-rules-1-leading-h\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"The Leading ห Trick\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each word to how ห affects the tone\\n\\n- หมา (dog)\\n- หนา (thick)\\n- หงา (rare)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- หมา → ห lifts ม (low-class) to high-class behavior, producing rising tone\\n- หนา → ห lifts น (low-class) to high-class behavior, producing rising tone\\n- หงา → ห lifts ง (low-class) to high-class behavior, producing rising tone\\n\\n**Explanation:** Leading ห (silent) changes low-class consonants to behave like high-class for tone purposes. 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package/dist/lesson-08-CeDWopKc.js

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+const n = `---
+type: lesson
+id: thai-script-lesson-08
+title: "บทที่ 8 — พยัญชนะหายาก I"
+description: "Rare Consonants Part 1: ญ ณ ศ ษ — Sanskrit-derived formal consonants"
+order: 8
+parentId: thai-script-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A2
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - rare-consonants
+  - sanskrit-origin
+  - advanced-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites:
+    - thai-script-lesson-07
+  objectives:
+    - "Learn 4 Sanskrit-derived consonants"
+    - "Understand when these rare consonants appear"
+    - "Practice reading formal and loanwords"
+    - "Distinguish multiple S consonants"
+---
+
+# บทที่ 8 (Lesson 8) — Rare Consonants I
+
+## Introduction
+
+These consonants are considered **rare** (หายาก) because they appear mainly in:
+- Sanskrit and Pali loanwords
+- Formal or royal vocabulary
+- Literary and religious texts
+
+While less frequent, you'll encounter them in everyday Thai through common borrowed words.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="thai-rare-consonants-1" title="Rare Consonants I"}
+
+::character{id="th-woman" char="ญ" name="ญ หญิง (yɔɔ yǐng)" nativeName="ญ หญิง" transliteration="y/n" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-monk" char="ณ" name="ณ เณร (nɔɔ neen)" nativeName="ณ เณร" transliteration="n" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-pavilion" char="ศ" name="ศ ศาลา (sɔ̌ɔ sǎa-laa)" nativeName="ศ ศาลา" transliteration="s/t" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-hermit" char="ษ" name="ษ ฤๅษี (sɔ̌ɔ rʉʉ-sǐi)" nativeName="ษ ฤๅษี" transliteration="s/t" charType="consonant"}
+
+:::
+
+## The Three S Sounds (Yes, Three!)
+
+Thai has three consonants all pronounced /s/:
+
+| Consonant | Class | Mnemonic | Common Usage |
+|-----------|-------|----------|--------------|
+| ส | High | Tiger | Everyday words |
+| ศ | High | Pavilion | Sanskrit formal |
+| ษ | High | Hermit | Sanskrit formal |
+
+All three are **high-class** and **sound identical**. The difference is purely spelling based on etymology:
+
+- **สี** (color) — everyday word, uses ส
+- **ศิลปะ** (art) — Sanskrit origin, uses ศ
+- **กษัตริย์** (king) — Sanskrit origin, uses ษ
+
+### Which S to Use?
+
+No pronunciation rule helps — you must memorize. Some patterns:
+
+1. **ศ** often appears in words about religion, royalty, culture:
+   - ศาสนา (religion)
+   - ศิลปะ (art)
+   - ศึกษา (study, education)
+
+2. **ษ** is the rarest, often in:
+   - Words with ฤ vowel
+   - Royal/formal titles
+   - กษัตริย์ (king)
+
+3. **ส** is the default for native Thai words and new loanwords
+
+## The Two N Sounds
+
+Thai also has two consonants pronounced /n/:
+
+| Consonant | Class | Position |
+|-----------|-------|----------|
+| น | Low | Common, any position |
+| ณ | Low | Rare, mainly Sanskrit words |
+
+Both low-class, both sound /n/. Usage examples:
+- **นา** (rice field) — common น
+- **เณร** (novice monk) — Sanskrit ณ
+
+**ณ** appears in:
+- Buddhist vocabulary
+- Royal language
+- Sanskrit-derived words like คุณ (you, polite)
+
+## The ญ Consonant: Y That Becomes N
+
+**ญ** is unusual — it changes sound by position:
+
+| Position | Sound | Example |
+|----------|-------|---------|
+| Initial | Y (/y/) | ญี่ปุ่น (yîi-bpùn) "Japan" |
+| Final | N (/n/) | สัญญา (sǎn-yaa) → final ญ in สัญ is /n/ |
+
+This Y→N shift is unique to ญ. The mnemonic หญิง (woman) demonstrates:
+- หญ at start = /y/ sound (with ห lifting)
+- The word is pronounced /yǐng/
+
+Common words with ญ:
+- หญิง (woman)
+- ญี่ปุ่น (Japan)
+- สัญญา (promise, contract)
+- อัญมณี (gems)
+
+## Formal vs Everyday Spelling
+
+The same concept often has formal and everyday spellings:
+
+| Meaning | Formal | Everyday |
+|---------|--------|----------|
+| Knowledge | วิทยา | — |
+| Art | ศิลปะ | — |
+| To | สู่ | — |
+
+When learning vocabulary, note which spellings use rare consonants — these tend to be more formal register.
+
+## The Royal Language Connection
+
+Rare consonants appear frequently in **ราชาศัพท์** (royal vocabulary):
+- ศีรษะ (head, royal)
+- พระราชทาน (royally bestowed)
+- พระบรมราชานุญาต (royal permission)
+
+While you may not use royal language actively, you'll encounter it in formal contexts, news about the monarchy, and religious ceremonies.
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Three S consonants**: ส ศ ษ — all sound /s/, all high-class
+2. **Two N consonants**: น ณ — both sound /n/, both low-class
+3. **ญ changes**: Y initially, N finally
+4. **Etymology determines spelling**: Sanskrit origin → formal consonants
+5. **Memorize by word**: No rules predict which variant to use
+6. **Formal register**: Rare consonants signal educated/formal writing
+
+## Shape Recognition
+
+- **ญ** has a distinctive descending tail
+- **ณ** looks like น with an extra element
+- **ศ and ษ** look similar to ส but with variations — ศ has a "tail," ษ has a "hook"
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="rare-1-s-consonants" type="fill-in-blank" title="The Three S Consonants"}
+
+**Question:** Thai has three consonants all pronounced /s/ and all high-class. Which are they?
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ส (tiger) - everyday words
+- ศ (pavilion) - Sanskrit/formal words
+- ษ (hermit) - Sanskrit/formal words (rarest)
+
+**Explanation:** All three make the same /s/ sound and are high-class. The difference is purely spelling based on etymology. ส is for everyday words, ศ and ษ for Sanskrit-derived formal vocabulary.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="rare-1-yn-shift" type="multiple-choice" title="The ญ Sound Change"}
+
+**Question:** The consonant ญ makes which sound(s)?
+
+**Options:**
+- Only Y sound
+- Only N sound
+- Y initially, N finally
+- Always silent
+
+**Answer:** 3
+
+**Explanation:** ญ is unique — it makes /y/ sound initially (like in หญิง "woman") but becomes /n/ in final position (like in สัญญา "promise"). This Y→N shift is unique to ญ.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="rare-1-formal-recognition" type="matching" title="Formal vs Everyday"}
+
+**Question:** Match each word to whether it uses rare consonants (formal) or common consonants (everyday)
+
+- ศิลปะ (art)
+- สี (color)
+- ญี่ปุ่น (Japan)
+- นา (rice field)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ศิลปะ - uses ศ (rare, formal)
+- สี - uses ส (common, everyday)
+- ญี่ปุ่น - uses ญ (rare, formal)
+- นา - uses น (common, everyday)
+
+**Explanation:** Rare consonants (ศ ษ ญ ณ) typically appear in Sanskrit-derived words, formal vocabulary, and royal language. Everyday words use common consonants (ส น).
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 9, you'll learn the **obsolete and archaic consonants** — characters that exist in the alphabet but are rarely used in modern Thai.
+`;
+export {
+  n as default
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-08-CeDWopKc.js.map

package/dist/lesson-08-CeDWopKc.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-08-CeDWopKc.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-08.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: thai-script-lesson-08\\ntitle: \\\"บทที่ 8 — พยัญชนะหายาก I\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Rare Consonants Part 1: ญ ณ ศ ษ — Sanskrit-derived formal consonants\\\"\\norder: 8\\nparentId: thai-script-alphabet\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - rare-consonants\\n  - sanskrit-origin\\n  - advanced-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 25\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - thai-script-lesson-07\\n  objectives:\\n    - \\\"Learn 4 Sanskrit-derived consonants\\\"\\n    - \\\"Understand when these rare consonants appear\\\"\\n    - \\\"Practice reading formal and loanwords\\\"\\n    - \\\"Distinguish multiple S consonants\\\"\\n---\\n\\n# บทที่ 8 (Lesson 8) — Rare Consonants I\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThese consonants are considered **rare** (หายาก) because they appear mainly in:\\n- Sanskrit and Pali loanwords\\n- Formal or royal vocabulary\\n- Literary and religious texts\\n\\nWhile less frequent, you'll encounter them in everyday Thai through common borrowed words.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"thai-rare-consonants-1\\\" title=\\\"Rare Consonants I\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"th-woman\\\" char=\\\"ญ\\\" name=\\\"ญ หญิง (yɔɔ yǐng)\\\" nativeName=\\\"ญ หญิง\\\" transliteration=\\\"y/n\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"th-monk\\\" char=\\\"ณ\\\" name=\\\"ณ เณร (nɔɔ neen)\\\" nativeName=\\\"ณ เณร\\\" transliteration=\\\"n\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"th-pavilion\\\" char=\\\"ศ\\\" name=\\\"ศ ศาลา (sɔ̌ɔ sǎa-laa)\\\" nativeName=\\\"ศ ศาลา\\\" transliteration=\\\"s/t\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"th-hermit\\\" char=\\\"ษ\\\" name=\\\"ษ ฤๅษี (sɔ̌ɔ rʉʉ-sǐi)\\\" nativeName=\\\"ษ ฤๅษี\\\" transliteration=\\\"s/t\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## The Three S Sounds (Yes, Three!)\\n\\nThai has three consonants all pronounced /s/:\\n\\n| Consonant | Class | Mnemonic | Common Usage |\\n|-----------|-------|----------|--------------|\\n| ส | High | Tiger | Everyday words |\\n| ศ | High | Pavilion | Sanskrit formal |\\n| ษ | High | Hermit | Sanskrit formal |\\n\\nAll three are **high-class** and **sound identical**. The difference is purely spelling based on etymology:\\n\\n- **สี** (color) — everyday word, uses ส\\n- **ศิลปะ** (art) — Sanskrit origin, uses ศ\\n- **กษัตริย์** (king) — Sanskrit origin, uses ษ\\n\\n### Which S to Use?\\n\\nNo pronunciation rule helps — you must memorize. Some patterns:\\n\\n1. **ศ** often appears in words about religion, royalty, culture:\\n   - ศาสนา (religion)\\n   - ศิลปะ (art)\\n   - ศึกษา (study, education)\\n\\n2. **ษ** is the rarest, often in:\\n   - Words with ฤ vowel\\n   - Royal/formal titles\\n   - กษัตริย์ (king)\\n\\n3. **ส** is the default for native Thai words and new loanwords\\n\\n## The Two N Sounds\\n\\nThai also has two consonants pronounced /n/:\\n\\n| Consonant | Class | Position |\\n|-----------|-------|----------|\\n| น | Low | Common, any position |\\n| ณ | Low | Rare, mainly Sanskrit words |\\n\\nBoth low-class, both sound /n/. Usage examples:\\n- **นา** (rice field) — common น\\n- **เณร** (novice monk) — Sanskrit ณ\\n\\n**ณ** appears in:\\n- Buddhist vocabulary\\n- Royal language\\n- Sanskrit-derived words like คุณ (you, polite)\\n\\n## The ญ Consonant: Y That Becomes N\\n\\n**ญ** is unusual — it changes sound by position:\\n\\n| Position | Sound | Example |\\n|----------|-------|---------|\\n| Initial | Y (/y/) | ญี่ปุ่น (yîi-bpùn) \\\"Japan\\\" |\\n| Final | N (/n/) | สัญญา (sǎn-yaa) → final ญ in สัญ is /n/ |\\n\\nThis Y→N shift is unique to ญ. The mnemonic หญิง (woman) demonstrates:\\n- หญ at start = /y/ sound (with ห lifting)\\n- The word is pronounced /yǐng/\\n\\nCommon words with ญ:\\n- หญิง (woman)\\n- ญี่ปุ่น (Japan)\\n- สัญญา (promise, contract)\\n- อัญมณี (gems)\\n\\n## Formal vs Everyday Spelling\\n\\nThe same concept often has formal and everyday spellings:\\n\\n| Meaning | Formal | Everyday |\\n|---------|--------|----------|\\n| Knowledge | วิทยา | — |\\n| Art | ศิลปะ | — |\\n| To | สู่ | — |\\n\\nWhen learning vocabulary, note which spellings use rare consonants — these tend to be more formal register.\\n\\n## The Royal Language Connection\\n\\nRare consonants appear frequently in **ราชาศัพท์** (royal vocabulary):\\n- ศีรษะ (head, royal)\\n- พระราชทาน (royally bestowed)\\n- พระบรมราชานุญาต (royal permission)\\n\\nWhile you may not use royal language actively, you'll encounter it in formal contexts, news about the monarchy, and religious ceremonies.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Three S consonants**: ส ศ ษ — all sound /s/, all high-class\\n2. **Two N consonants**: น ณ — both sound /n/, both low-class\\n3. **ญ changes**: Y initially, N finally\\n4. **Etymology determines spelling**: Sanskrit origin → formal consonants\\n5. **Memorize by word**: No rules predict which variant to use\\n6. **Formal register**: Rare consonants signal educated/formal writing\\n\\n## Shape Recognition\\n\\n- **ญ** has a distinctive descending tail\\n- **ณ** looks like น with an extra element\\n- **ศ and ษ** look similar to ส but with variations — ศ has a \\\"tail,\\\" ษ has a \\\"hook\\\"\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"rare-1-s-consonants\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"The Three S Consonants\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Thai has three consonants all pronounced /s/ and all high-class. Which are they?\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ส (tiger) - everyday words\\n- ศ (pavilion) - Sanskrit/formal words\\n- ษ (hermit) - Sanskrit/formal words (rarest)\\n\\n**Explanation:** All three make the same /s/ sound and are high-class. The difference is purely spelling based on etymology. ส is for everyday words, ศ and ษ for Sanskrit-derived formal vocabulary.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"rare-1-yn-shift\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"The ญ Sound Change\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** The consonant ญ makes which sound(s)?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- Only Y sound\\n- Only N sound\\n- Y initially, N finally\\n- Always silent\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** ญ is unique — it makes /y/ sound initially (like in หญิง \\\"woman\\\") but becomes /n/ in final position (like in สัญญา \\\"promise\\\"). This Y→N shift is unique to ญ.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"rare-1-formal-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Formal vs Everyday\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each word to whether it uses rare consonants (formal) or common consonants (everyday)\\n\\n- ศิลปะ (art)\\n- สี (color)\\n- ญี่ปุ่น (Japan)\\n- นา (rice field)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ศิลปะ - uses ศ (rare, formal)\\n- สี - uses ส (common, everyday)\\n- ญี่ปุ่น - uses ญ (rare, formal)\\n- นา - uses น (common, everyday)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Rare consonants (ศ ษ ญ ณ) typically appear in Sanskrit-derived words, formal vocabulary, and royal language. 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