@guinetik/gcanvas 1.0.0

package/demos/js/tde/tdestar.js

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+import { GameObject, Sphere3D } from "../../../src/index.js";
+import { polarToCartesian } from "../../../src/math/gr.js";
+import { CONFIG } from "./config.js";
+
+// Star shader configuration
+const STAR_SHADER_CONFIG = {
+    useShader: true,
+    shaderType: "star",
+    shaderUniforms: {
+        uStarColor: [1.0, 0.85, 0.3],  // Golden yellow
+        uTemperature: 5500,             // K (slightly cooler than Sun)
+        uActivityLevel: 0.75,            // Moderate surface activity
+    },
+};
+
+export class Star extends GameObject {
+    constructor(game, options = {}) {
+        super(game, options);
+        this.mass = options.initialMass ?? CONFIG.star.initialMass;
+        this.initialMass = this.mass; // Store for mass ratio calculations
+        this.phi = 0;
+        // Initialize with reasonable defaults, will be updated by onResize
+        this.baseRadius = game.baseScale ? game.baseScale * CONFIG.starRadiusRatio : 20;
+        this.currentRadius = this.baseRadius;
+        this.orbitalRadius = game.baseScale ? game.baseScale * CONFIG.star.initialOrbitRadius : 200;
+        this.initialOrbitalRadius = this.orbitalRadius; // Store initial for decay calculations
+
+        // Velocity tracking for particle emission
+        this.velocityX = 0;
+        this.velocityY = 0;
+        this.velocityZ = 0;
+        this._prevX = 0;
+        this._prevY = 0;
+        this._prevZ = 0;
+
+        // Use WebGL shaders for star rendering
+        this.useShader = options.useShader ?? true;
+
+        // Cumulative rotation for angular emission detail
+        this.rotation = 0;
+        // Angular velocity (rad/s) - accumulates smoothly instead of discrete recalc
+        this.angularVelocity = CONFIG.star.rotationSpeed ?? 0.5;
+
+        // Tidal disruption state
+        this.tidalStretch = 0;      // 0 = spherical, 1 = max elongation
+        this.pulsationPhase = 0;    // Oscillation phase
+        this.stressLevel = 0;       // Surface chaos level
+        this.tidalProgress = 0;     // External tidal progress from FSM (0-1)
+        this.tidalFlare = 0;        // 0-1, sudden brightness burst at disruption start
+        this.tidalWobble = 0;       // 0-1, violent geometry wobble during trauma
+    }
+
+    init() {
+        // Initialize position on the orbit
+        const pos = polarToCartesian(this.orbitalRadius, this.phi);
+        this.x = pos.x;
+        this.z = pos.z;
+
+        // Initialize prev position to avoid velocity spike on first frame
+        this._prevX = this.x;
+        this._prevY = this.y || 0;
+        this._prevZ = this.z;
+        this.velocityX = 0;
+        this.velocityY = 0;
+        this.velocityZ = 0;
+
+        // Reset tidal state
+        this.tidalStretch = 0;
+        this.pulsationPhase = 0;
+        this.stressLevel = 0;
+        this.tidalProgress = 0;
+        this.tidalFlare = 0;
+        this.tidalWobble = 0;
+        this.angularVelocity = CONFIG.star.rotationSpeed ?? 0.5;
+        this.rotation = 0;
+
+        this.updateVisual();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset velocity tracking (call after position changes like restart)
+     */
+    resetVelocity() {
+        this._prevX = this.x;
+        this._prevY = this.y || 0;
+        this._prevZ = this.z;
+        this.velocityX = 0;
+        this.velocityY = 0;
+        this.velocityZ = 0;
+    }
+
+    updateVisual() {
+        const massRatio = this.mass / this.initialMass;
+
+        // === NON-LINEAR SIZE COLLAPSE ===
+        // Star resists at first (internal pressure), then collapses rapidly
+        // Use a power curve: slow start, rapid end
+        const collapseProgress = 1 - massRatio;  // 0 = full, 1 = gone
+        const resistanceCurve = Math.pow(collapseProgress, 0.5);  // sqrt = resists early
+        const effectiveMassRatio = 1 - resistanceCurve;
+
+        // Base radius with non-linear collapse
+        this.currentRadius = this.baseRadius * Math.max(0.05, effectiveMassRatio);
+
+        // Don't update geometry if star is consumed
+        if (this.currentRadius <= 0 || this.mass <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // === TIDAL STRETCH (Spaghettification) ===
+        // Create comet/teardrop shape pointed toward black hole
+        const dist = Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + (this.z || 0) * (this.z || 0)) || 1;
+        
+        // Direction toward black hole (unit vector)
+        let dirX = -this.x / dist;
+        let dirZ = -(this.z || 0) / dist;
+        
+        // Proximity factor: closer to BH = more stretch
+        let proximityFactor = Math.max(0, 1 - dist / this.initialOrbitalRadius);
+        
+        // Calculate stretch amount based on phase and proximity
+        if (collapseProgress > 0.8) {
+            // Very late stage - reduce stretch as star becomes tiny
+            this.tidalStretch = (1 - collapseProgress) * 2;
+        } else {
+            // Main deformation: builds with tidalProgress and proximity
+            // tidalProgress is driven by FSM state (0 in approach, ramps in stretch/disrupt)
+            const baseStretch = this.tidalProgress * 1.2;  // Up to 1.2 stretch
+            const proximityBoost = proximityFactor * 0.5;  // Extra stretch when close
+            
+            this.tidalStretch = baseStretch + proximityBoost;
+            this.tidalStretch = Math.min(1.8, this.tidalStretch);  // Cap at 1.8
+        }
+
+        // === BREATHING (Slow, ominous expansion/contraction) ===
+        // Very slow rhythm - like a dying star's final gasps
+        // No rapid bouncing - this should feel cosmic, not cartoonish
+        const breathingAmp = 0.03 * (1 - collapseProgress * 0.5);  // Subtle, weakens as disrupted
+        const breathing = Math.sin(this.pulsationPhase) * breathingAmp;
+
+        // Apply breathing to radius (very subtle)
+        this.currentRadius *= (1 + breathing);
+
+        // === STRESS LEVEL ===
+        // Combines proximity and mass loss - drives surface chaos
+        // Use power curve so stress stays LOW for most of disruption, then ramps up sharply
+        // This gives more time to see the red-orange star with surface chaos
+        const rawStress = proximityFactor * 0.4 + collapseProgress * 0.6;  // Reduced weights
+        // Power of 3 = stays low longer, ramps up sharply at the end
+        this.stressLevel = Math.min(1, Math.pow(rawStress, 2.5));
+
+        // === ACTIVITY & ROTATION ===
+        const activityLevel = 0.3 + this.stressLevel * 0.7;  // 0.3 -> 1.0
+
+        // Angular momentum conservation: shrinking = faster spin
+        const baseRotationSpeed = CONFIG.star.rotationSpeed ?? 0.5;
+        const spinUpFactor = 1 / Math.max(0.2, effectiveMassRatio);  // Inverse of size
+        const rotationSpeed = Math.min(10, baseRotationSpeed * spinUpFactor);
+
+        // === COLOR SHIFT ===
+        // Start deep red-orange, transition through orange → yellow → white
+        // This lets us see the tidal chaos on a colorful surface before brightening
+        //
+        // Phase 1 (stress 0-0.5): Deep red-orange, surface chaos building
+        // Phase 2 (stress 0.5-0.8): Shift to orange-yellow, intense activity
+        // Phase 3 (stress 0.8-1.0): Rapid shift to white-hot, death throes
+
+        // Temperature increases with stress (tidal heating is real physics!)
+        const tempShift = this.stressLevel * this.stressLevel * 2500;  // Up to +2500K at max stress
+        const temperature = (CONFIG.star.temperature ?? 3800) + tempShift;
+
+        // Color transition: red-orange → orange → yellow → white
+        // R stays high, G increases with stress, B only increases late
+        let r = 1.0;
+        let g, b;
+
+        if (this.stressLevel < 0.5) {
+            // Phase 1: Deep red-orange → orange (stress 0-0.5)
+            const t = this.stressLevel * 2;  // 0 to 1 over this phase
+            g = 0.35 + t * 0.25;  // 0.35 → 0.6
+            b = 0.15 + t * 0.1;   // 0.15 → 0.25
+        } else if (this.stressLevel < 0.8) {
+            // Phase 2: Orange → yellow-orange (stress 0.5-0.8)
+            const t = (this.stressLevel - 0.5) / 0.3;  // 0 to 1
+            g = 0.6 + t * 0.2;    // 0.6 → 0.8
+            b = 0.25 + t * 0.1;   // 0.25 → 0.35
+        } else {
+            // Phase 3: Yellow-orange → white-hot (stress 0.8-1.0)
+            const t = (this.stressLevel - 0.8) / 0.2;  // 0 to 1
+            g = 0.8 + t * 0.15;   // 0.8 → 0.95
+            b = 0.35 + t * 0.5;   // 0.35 → 0.85 (rapid blue increase = white)
+        }
+
+        const stressColor = [r, g, b];
+
+        // Expose current color for particle emission
+        this.currentColor = stressColor;
+
+        if (!this.visual) {
+            this.visual = new Sphere3D(this.currentRadius, {
+                color: CONFIG.star.color,
+                camera: this.game.camera,
+                useShader: this.useShader,
+                shaderType: "star",
+                shaderUniforms: {
+                    uStarColor: stressColor,
+                    uTemperature: temperature,
+                    uActivityLevel: activityLevel,
+                    uRotationSpeed: rotationSpeed,
+                    uTidalStretch: this.tidalStretch,
+                    uStretchDirX: dirX,
+                    uStretchDirZ: dirZ,
+                    uStressLevel: this.stressLevel,
+                    uTidalFlare: this.tidalFlare,
+                    uTidalWobble: this.tidalWobble,
+                },
+            });
+        } else {
+            this.visual.radius = this.currentRadius;
+            if (this.visual.useShader) {
+                this.visual.setShaderUniforms({
+                    uStarColor: stressColor,
+                    uTemperature: temperature,
+                    uActivityLevel: activityLevel,
+                    uRotationSpeed: rotationSpeed,
+                    uTidalStretch: this.tidalStretch,
+                    uStretchDirX: dirX,
+                    uStretchDirZ: dirZ,
+                    uStressLevel: this.stressLevel,
+                    uTidalFlare: this.tidalFlare,
+                    uTidalWobble: this.tidalWobble,
+                });
+            }
+            this.visual._generateGeometry();
+        }
+    }
+
+    onResize(baseRadius, orbitalRadius) {
+        this.baseRadius = baseRadius;
+        this.orbitalRadius = orbitalRadius;
+        this.initialOrbitalRadius = orbitalRadius;
+
+        // Update position to match new orbital radius
+        const pos = polarToCartesian(this.orbitalRadius, this.phi);
+        this.x = pos.x;
+        this.z = pos.z;
+
+        this.updateVisual();
+    }
+
+    update(dt) {
+        super.update(dt);
+
+        // Calculate velocity from position change
+        const currentY = this.y || 0;
+        if (dt > 0) {
+            this.velocityX = (this.x - this._prevX) / dt;
+            this.velocityY = (currentY - this._prevY) / dt;
+            this.velocityZ = (this.z - this._prevZ) / dt;
+        }
+
+        // Store current position for next frame
+        this._prevX = this.x;
+        this._prevY = currentY;
+        this._prevZ = this.z;
+
+        // Update self-rotation with smooth angular momentum conservation
+        // As star shrinks, angular velocity increases (I*ω = constant)
+        // But cap it when star is tiny (< 10% radius) - no point wasting frames
+        const radiusRatio = this.currentRadius / this.baseRadius;
+
+        if (radiusRatio > 0.1) {
+            // Base rotation speed from config
+            const baseSpeed = CONFIG.star.rotationSpeed ?? 0.5;
+
+            // Spin-up factor based on tidal progress (FSM-driven, smooth)
+            // Only significant spin-up during actual disruption (mass loss)
+            const massRatio = (this.mass || 1) / (this.initialMass || 1);
+            const massLoss = 1 - massRatio;  // 0 = no loss, 1 = fully consumed
+
+            // Gentle spin-up from tidal stress, moderate spin-up from mass loss
+            // tidalProgress: 0-1 during stretch, 1 during disrupt
+            // massLoss: 0 during stretch, 0-1 during disrupt
+            const tidalSpinUp = 1 + this.tidalProgress * 0.3;  // Up to 1.3x from tidal
+            const collapseSpinUp = 1 + massLoss * 1.5;  // Up to 2.5x from collapse
+
+            const targetVelocity = baseSpeed * tidalSpinUp * collapseSpinUp;
+
+            // Very slow approach to target - no sudden jumps
+            const accelRate = 0.001;
+            this.angularVelocity += (targetVelocity - this.angularVelocity) * accelRate * dt;
+
+            // Hard cap on max spin (2.5 rad/s - calm, cosmic feel)
+            this.angularVelocity = Math.min(2.5, this.angularVelocity);
+        }
+        // else: keep current velocity, don't accelerate tiny remnant
+
+        this.rotation += this.angularVelocity * dt;
+
+        // Update breathing phase - slow, cosmic rhythm (0.3-0.5 Hz)
+        const breathingFreq = 0.3 + this.stressLevel * 0.2;
+        this.pulsationPhase += breathingFreq * dt * Math.PI * 2;
+
+        this.updateVisual();
+    }
+
+    render() {
+        super.render();
+        if (this.mass > 0 && this.visual) {
+            // Sync visual position with star position
+            this.visual.x = this.x;
+            this.visual.y = this.y || 0;
+            this.visual.z = this.z;
+            this.visual.render();
+        }
+    }
+}

package/demos/js/tde/tidalstream.js

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+import { GameObject, Painter } from "../../../src/index.js";
+import { applyGravitationalLensing } from "../../../src/math/gr.js";
+
+/**
+ * TidalStream - Simple particle stream from star to black hole
+ *
+ * Physics:
+ * - Particles emitted from star inherit star's velocity
+ * - Gravity attracts particles toward black hole (0,0,0)
+ * - Gravitational lensing bends particle paths near the BH
+ */
+
+// Stream-specific config
+const STREAM_CONFIG = {
+    gravity: 120000,        // Strong gravity (linear falloff G/r)
+    maxParticles: 5000,
+    particleLifetime: 12,   // Seconds - long lifetime so particles can orbit the BH
+
+    // Velocity inheritance - how much of star's velocity particles get
+    // Lower = particles emit more "from" the star, not ahead of it
+    velocityInheritance: 0.3,
+
+    // Inward velocity - particles should FALL toward BH, not orbit
+    // This is the key to making particles flow INTO the black hole
+    inwardVelocity: 8,      // Base inward velocity toward BH
+    inwardSpread: 15,       // Random spread on inward velocity
+
+    // Tangent spread for S-shape - higher = more spread along orbit direction
+    tangentSpread: Math.PI * 150,     // Spread for visible S-shape
+
+    // Emission offset: 1.0 = star's BH-facing edge (L1 Lagrange point)
+    // Positive = toward BH, negative = away from BH
+    emissionOffset: -1 * Math.PI,  // Larger numbers create bigger S-Shape. Negative PI works very well here for some reason makes the animation very cool.
+
+    // Drag factor - removes angular momentum so orbits decay
+    // 1.0 = no drag, 0.99 = slight drag, 0.95 = strong drag
+    drag: 0.994,
+
+    // Colors: match star shader at emission, cool as they approach BH
+    colorHot: { r: 255, g: 95, b: 45 },     // Deep red-orange (matches star shader initial)
+    colorCool: { r: 180, g: 40, b: 15 },    // Darker red near BH
+
+    // Particle size
+    sizeMin: 1,
+    sizeMax: 3,
+
+    // Gravitational lensing (visual effect)
+    // These are multipliers relative to the BH's current radius
+    lensing: {
+        enabled: true,
+        effectRadiusMult: 6.0,   // Effect extends to 6x BH radius
+        strengthMult: 2.5,       // Strength scales with BH radius
+        falloff: 0.008,          // Exponential falloff (higher = tighter effect)
+        minDistanceMult: 0.2,    // Min distance as fraction of BH radius
+    },
+};
+
+export class TidalStream extends GameObject {
+    constructor(game, options = {}) {
+        super(game, options);
+
+        this.camera = options.camera;
+        this.scene = options.scene;  // Scene reference for screen center
+        this.bhRadius = options.bhRadius ?? 50;
+
+        // Callbacks for particle lifecycle
+        this.onParticleConsumed = options.onParticleConsumed ?? null;
+        this.onParticleCaptured = options.onParticleCaptured ?? null;
+
+        // Particle array - simple flat structure
+        this.particles = [];
+    }
+
+    init() {
+        this.particles = [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Emit a particle from the star
+     *
+     * For S-shape formation, particles need TANGENTIAL velocity spread:
+     * - Faster particles (more angular momentum) spiral outward
+     * - Slower particles (less angular momentum) spiral inward
+     * - This creates two opposing tails = S-shape
+     *
+     * @param {number} x - Star x position
+     * @param {number} y - Star y position
+     * @param {number} z - Star z position
+     * @param {number} vx - Star velocity x
+     * @param {number} vy - Star velocity y
+     * @param {number} vz - Star velocity z
+     * @param {number} starRadius - Current star radius (for position spread)
+     * @param {number} starRotation - Current star rotation (for angular offset)
+     * @param {Array<number>} starColor - Current star color as [r, g, b] normalized (0-1)
+     */
+    emit(x, y, z, vx, vy, vz, starRadius, starRotation = 0, starColor = null) {
+        if (this.particles.length >= STREAM_CONFIG.maxParticles) return;
+
+        const dist = Math.sqrt(x * x + z * z) || 1;
+
+        // Direction toward BH in x-z plane (unit vector)
+        const radialX = -x / dist;
+        const radialZ = -z / dist;
+
+        // Emit from star center with spread for visible "bleeding" effect
+        // Larger spread = bigger emission hole on the star
+        const emitX = x + (Math.random() - 0.5) * starRadius * 0.8;
+        const emitY = y + (Math.random() - 0.5) * starRadius * 0.8;
+        const emitZ = z + (Math.random() - 0.5) * starRadius * 0.8;
+
+        // Tangent is perpendicular to radial - gives the orbital direction
+        const tangentX = -radialZ;
+        const tangentZ = radialX;
+
+        // Reduce inherited velocity so gravity can dominate
+        const inheritedVx = vx * STREAM_CONFIG.velocityInheritance;
+        const inheritedVz = vz * STREAM_CONFIG.velocityInheritance;
+
+        // INWARD velocity - particles flow TOWARD the black hole
+        // radialX, radialZ point toward BH (origin)
+        const inward = STREAM_CONFIG.inwardVelocity + (Math.random() - 0.5) * STREAM_CONFIG.inwardSpread;
+
+        // Small tangential spread for the S-shape variation
+        const tangent = (Math.random() - 0.5) * STREAM_CONFIG.tangentSpread;
+
+        // Store star color at emission time (convert from normalized 0-1 to 0-255)
+        const emitColor = starColor
+            ? { r: starColor[0] * 255, g: starColor[1] * 255, b: starColor[2] * 255 }
+            : STREAM_CONFIG.colorHot;
+
+        this.particles.push({
+            x: emitX,
+            y: emitY,
+            z: emitZ,
+
+            // Velocity = inherited + INWARD toward BH + small tangent spread
+            vx: inheritedVx + radialX * inward + tangentX * tangent,
+            vy: vy,
+            vz: inheritedVz + radialZ * inward + tangentZ * tangent,
+
+            age: 0,
+            size: STREAM_CONFIG.sizeMin + Math.random() * (STREAM_CONFIG.sizeMax - STREAM_CONFIG.sizeMin),
+
+            // Track initial distance for color gradient
+            initialDist: dist,
+
+            // Store the star's color at emission time
+            emitColor,
+        });
+    }
+
+    updateDiskBounds(innerRadius, outerRadius) {
+        // Don't override bhRadius here - it's set by updateBHRadius
+        // We only care about disk bounds for potential capture detection
+        this.diskInnerRadius = innerRadius;
+        this.diskOuterRadius = outerRadius;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update all particles - just gravity
+     */
+    update(dt) {
+        super.update(dt);
+
+        // Consume particles at the BH's visual edge (not inside it)
+        // Use 1.0x so particles disappear right at the event horizon
+        const accretionRadius = this.bhRadius * 1.1;
+
+        for (let i = this.particles.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            const p = this.particles[i];
+
+            p.age += dt;
+
+            // Remove old or accreted particles
+            if (p.age > STREAM_CONFIG.particleLifetime) {
+                this.particles.splice(i, 1);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Skip physics on first frame - let particle appear at spawn point first
+            // This prevents the "jump" where particles move before being rendered
+            if (p.age < dt * 1.5) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Distance to BH (at origin)
+            const dist = Math.sqrt(p.x * p.x + p.y * p.y + p.z * p.z);
+
+            // Accreted by black hole?
+            if (dist < accretionRadius) {
+                this.particles.splice(i, 1);
+                // Trigger callback - feeds the black hole's glow!
+                if (this.onParticleConsumed) {
+                    this.onParticleConsumed();
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Gravity: F = G/r (linear falloff for better visuals)
+            // Linear falloff keeps gravity significant at larger distances
+            const gravity = STREAM_CONFIG.gravity / dist;
+            const dirX = -p.x * 2 / dist;
+            const dirY = -p.y * 2 / dist;
+            const dirZ = -p.z * 2 / dist;
+
+            // Apply gravity acceleration
+            p.vx += dirX * gravity * dt;
+            p.vy += dirY * gravity * dt;
+            p.vz += dirZ * gravity * dt;
+
+            // Apply drag - removes angular momentum so particles spiral inward
+            // Without drag, particles would orbit forever
+            p.vx *= STREAM_CONFIG.drag;
+            p.vy *= STREAM_CONFIG.drag;
+            p.vz *= STREAM_CONFIG.drag;
+
+            // Move particle
+            p.x += p.vx * dt;
+            p.y += p.vy * dt;
+            p.z += p.vz * dt;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all particles
+     */
+    clear() {
+        this.particles = [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update BH radius (for accretion check)
+     */
+    updateBHRadius(radius) {
+        this.bhRadius = radius;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Render particles
+     * We reset the canvas transform to identity since Scene3D applies its own
+     * transforms, and we need absolute screen coordinates for particle rendering.
+     */
+    render() {
+        super.render();
+
+        if (!this.camera || this.particles.length === 0) return;
+
+        // Get the actual canvas transform that Scene3D has set up
+        // This is the same approach Sphere3D uses to get screen position
+        const ctx = Painter.ctx;
+        const transform = ctx.getTransform();
+        
+        // TidalStream is at world (0,0,0), so Scene3D translated to:
+        // scene.x + project(0,0,0).x which is approximately scene.x
+        // We need to use this as our center, then add particle projections
+        const cx = transform.e;
+        const cy = transform.f;
+
+        // Build render list with projection
+        const renderList = [];
+
+        // Young particles stay invisible (appear to emerge from star)
+        const fadeInTime = 0.05;  // seconds before particles become visible
+        const fadeInDuration = 0.1;  // seconds to fade from invisible to full opacity
+
+        for (const p of this.particles) {
+            // Skip very young particles - they're "inside" the star
+            if (p.age < fadeInTime) continue;
+
+            const projected = this.camera.project(p.x, p.y, p.z);
+
+            // Skip if behind camera
+            if (projected.scale <= 0) continue;
+
+            // Fade in young particles (after fadeInTime threshold)
+            const fadeInProgress = Math.min(1, (p.age - fadeInTime) / fadeInDuration);
+
+            // Distance from BH for color
+            const dist = Math.sqrt(p.x * p.x + p.z * p.z);
+            const colorT = Math.min(1, dist / (p.initialDist || 1));
+
+            // Use particle's emitted color (star color at emission time)
+            const hotColor = p.emitColor || STREAM_CONFIG.colorHot;
+
+            // Lerp color: cool near BH, hot (star color) near initial position
+            const color = {
+                r: STREAM_CONFIG.colorCool.r + (hotColor.r - STREAM_CONFIG.colorCool.r) * colorT,
+                g: STREAM_CONFIG.colorCool.g + (hotColor.g - STREAM_CONFIG.colorCool.g) * colorT,
+                b: STREAM_CONFIG.colorCool.b + (hotColor.b - STREAM_CONFIG.colorCool.b) * colorT,
+            };
+
+            // Fade with age (fade out at end of life) and fade in at birth
+            const fadeOutAlpha = Math.max(0, 1 - p.age / STREAM_CONFIG.particleLifetime);
+            const alpha = fadeOutAlpha * fadeInProgress;  // Combine fade-in and fade-out
+
+            // Apply gravitational lensing to screen coordinates
+            // Scale lensing with BH's current (pulsing) radius
+            let screenX = projected.x;
+            let screenY = projected.y;
+
+            if (STREAM_CONFIG.lensing.enabled && this.bhRadius > 0) {
+                const effectRadius = this.bhRadius * STREAM_CONFIG.lensing.effectRadiusMult;
+                const strength = this.bhRadius * STREAM_CONFIG.lensing.strengthMult;
+                const minDist = this.bhRadius * STREAM_CONFIG.lensing.minDistanceMult;
+
+                const lensed = applyGravitationalLensing(
+                    screenX, screenY,
+                    effectRadius,
+                    strength,
+                    STREAM_CONFIG.lensing.falloff,
+                    minDist
+                );
+                screenX = lensed.x;
+                screenY = lensed.y;
+            }
+
+            // Check if particle is visually inside the black hole
+            const screenDist = Math.sqrt(screenX * screenX + screenY * screenY);
+            const insideBH = screenDist < this.bhRadius;
+
+            // Screen position = center + lensed offset
+            renderList.push({
+                x: cx + screenX,
+                y: cy + screenY,
+                z: projected.z,
+                size: p.size * projected.scale,
+                color: insideBH ? { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0 } : color,
+                alpha,
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Sort back to front
+        renderList.sort((a, b) => b.z - a.z);
+
+        // Draw particles with reset transform (absolute screen coords)
+        Painter.useCtx((ctx) => {
+            // Reset to identity matrix - Scene3D has applied transforms we need to bypass
+            ctx.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
+
+            ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "lighter";
+
+            for (const item of renderList) {
+                const r = Math.round(item.color.r);
+                const g = Math.round(item.color.g);
+                const b = Math.round(item.color.b);
+
+                ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(${r}, ${g}, ${b}, ${item.alpha})`;
+                ctx.beginPath();
+                ctx.arc(item.x, item.y, item.size, 0, Math.PI * 2);
+                ctx.fill();
+            }
+
+            ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over";
+        });
+    }
+}