odoo-forge-bundle 0.1.0

package/payload/skills/odoo18-docs/references/docs/applications/finance/accounting/customer_invoices.md

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+---
+title: ""
+source_url: "https://docs.odoo.sbggai.top/applications/finance/accounting/customer_invoices.html"
+---
+
+:show-content:
+# 
+# Customer invoices
+
+A customer invoice is a document issued by a company for products and/or services sold to a
+customer. It records receivables as they are sent to customers. Customer invoices can include
+amounts due for the goods and/or services provided, applicable sales taxes, shipping and handling
+fees, and other charges. Odoo supports multiple invoicing and payment workflows.
+
+.. seealso::
+   :doc:`/applications/finance/accounting/customer_invoices/overview`
+
+From draft invoice to profit and loss report, the process involves several steps once the goods (or
+services) have been ordered/shipped (or rendered) to a customer, depending on the invoicing policy:
+
+- :ref:`accounting/invoice/creation`
+- :ref:`accounting/invoice/confirmation`
+- :ref:`accounting/invoice/sending`
+- :ref:`accounting/invoice/paymentandreconciliation`
+- :ref:`accounting/invoice/followup`
+- :ref:`accounting/invoice/reporting`
+
+.. _accounting/invoice/creation:
+
+# Invoice creation
+
+Draft invoices can be created directly from documents like sales orders or purchase orders or
+manually from the :guilabel:`Customer Invoices` journal in the :guilabel:`Accounting Dashboard`.
+
+An invoice must include the required information to enable the customer to pay promptly for their
+goods and services. Make sure the following fields are appropriately completed:
+
+- :guilabel:`Customer`: When a customer is selected, Odoo automatically pulls information from the
+  customer record like the invoice address,
+  :doc:`preferred payment terms <customer_invoices/payment_terms>`,
+  :doc:`fiscal positions <taxes/fiscal_positions>`, receivable account, and more onto the invoice.
+  To change these values for this specific invoice, edit them directly on the invoice. To change
+  them for future invoices, change the values on the contact record.
+- :guilabel:`Invoice Date`: If not set manually, this field is automatically set as the current date
+  upon confirmation.
+- :guilabel:`Due Date` or :doc:`payment terms <customer_invoices/payment_terms>`: To specify when
+  the customer has to pay the invoice.
+- :guilabel:`Journal`: Automatically set and can be changed if needed.
+- :doc:`Currency <get_started/multi_currency>`. If the invoice's currency differs from the
+  company's currency, the currency exchange rate is automatically displayed.
+
+In the :guilabel:`Invoice Lines` tab:
+
+- :guilabel:`Product`: Click :guilabel:`Add a line`, then search for and select the product.
+- :guilabel:`Quantity`
+- :guilabel:`Price`
+- :doc:`Taxes <taxes>` (if applicable)
+
+To access the product catalog and view all items in an organized display, click :doc:`Catalog
+</applications/inventory_and_mrp/inventory/warehouses_storage/inventory_management/product_catalog>`.
+When the products and quantities are selected, click :guilabel:`Back to Invoice` to return to the
+invoice; the selected catalog items will appear in the invoice lines.
+
+> **tip**:
+>    To display the total amount of the invoice in words, go to :menuselection:`Accounting -->
+   Configuration --> Settings` and activate the :guilabel:`Total amount of invoice in letters`
+   option.
+
+The :guilabel:`Journal Items` tab displays the accounting entries created. Additional invoice
+information such as the :guilabel:`Customer Reference`, :guilabel:`Payment Reference`, :doc:`Fiscal
+Positions <taxes/fiscal_positions>`, :doc:`Incoterms <customer_invoices/incoterms>`, and more can be
+added or modified in the :guilabel:`Other Info` tab.
+
+> **note**:
+>    Odoo initially creates invoices in :guilabel:`Draft` status. Draft invoices have no accounting
+   impact until they are :ref:`confirmed <accounting/invoice/confirmation>`.
+
+.. seealso::
+   :doc:`/applications/sales/sales/invoicing/proforma`
+
+.. _accounting/invoice/confirmation:
+
+# Invoice confirmation
+
+Click :guilabel:`Confirm` when the invoice is completed. The invoice's status changes to
+:guilabel:`Posted`, and a journal entry is generated based on the invoice configuration. On
+confirmation, Odoo assigns each invoice a unique number from a defined :doc:`sequence
+<customer_invoices/sequence>`.
+
+> **note**:
+>    - Once confirmed, an invoice can no longer be updated. Click :guilabel:`Reset to draft` if
+     changes are needed.
+   - If required, invoices and other journal entries can be locked once posted using the
+     :ref:`Secure posted entries with hash <data-inalterability/restricted>` feature.
+
+.. _accounting/invoice/sending:
+
+# Invoice sending
+
+To set a preferred :guilabel:`Invoice sending` method for a customer, go to
+:menuselection:`Accounting --> Customers --> Customers` and select the customer. In the
+:guilabel:`Accounting` tab of the contact form, select the preferred :guilabel:`Invoice sending`
+method in the :guilabel:`Customer Invoices` section.
+
+> **note**:
+>    Sending letters in Odoo requires :doc:`In-App Purchase (IAP) <../../essentials/in_app_purchase>`
+   credit or tokens.
+
+To send the invoice to the customer, navigate back to the invoice record and follow these steps:
+
+#. Click :guilabel:`Print & Send`.
+#. If the :ref:`default invoice layout <studio/pdf-reports/default-layout>` has not been customized
+   yet, a :guilabel:`Configure your document layout` pop-up window appears. Configure the layout and
+   click :guilabel:`Continue`.
+
+   > **note**:
+>       - The document layout can be changed at any time in the general settings.
+      - To add a QR code for banking app payments to the invoice, enable the :guilabel:`QR Code`
+        option in the :guilabel:`Configure Your Document Layout` window. To modify this option, go
+        to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Settings`, scroll down to the
+        :guilabel:`Customer Payments` section, and enable/disable the :guilabel:`QR Codes` option.
+
+#. In the :guilabel:`Print & Send` window:
+
+   - If a preferred :guilabel:`Invoice sending` method was set in the contact form, it is selected
+     by default. Select another one if needed.
+   - If no preferred :guilabel:`Invoice sending` method was set in the contact form, select the
+     method to use for sending the invoice to the customer.
+
+#. Click :guilabel:`Print & Send` if the :guilabel:`by Email` option is selected, or click
+   :guilabel:`Print`.
+
+.. _accounting/invoice/sending-multiple-invoices:
+
+## Sending multiple invoices
+
+To send and print multiple invoices, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Customers --> Invoices`,
+select them in the :guilabel:`Invoices` list view and click :guilabel:`Print & Send`. The
+:guilabel:`Print & Send` window displays the selected invoice sending methods based on the preferred
+method set.
+
+A banner is added to the selected invoices to indicate they are part of an ongoing send and print
+batch. This helps prevent the process from being triggered manually again, as it may take some time
+to complete for exceptionally large batches.
+
+To check all invoices that have not yet been sent, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Customers
+--> Invoices`. In the :guilabel:`Invoices` list view, click into the search bar and filter on
+:guilabel:`Not Sent`.
+
+.. _accounting/invoice/paymentandreconciliation:
+
+# Payment and reconciliation
+
+In Odoo, an invoice is considered :guilabel:`Paid` when the associated accounting entry has been
+reconciled with a corresponding bank transaction.
+
+.. seealso::
+   - :doc:`payments`
+   - :doc:`bank/reconciliation`
+
+.. _accounting/invoice/followup:
+
+# Payment follow-up
+
+Odoo's :doc:`follow-up actions <payments/follow_up>` help companies follow up on customer invoices.
+Different actions can be set up to remind customers to pay their outstanding invoices, depending on
+how much the customer is overdue. These actions are bundled into follow-up levels that trigger when
+an invoice is overdue by a certain number of days. If there are multiple overdue invoices for the
+same customer, the actions are performed on the most overdue invoice.
+
+.. _accounting/invoice/reporting:
+
+# Reporting
+
+.. _accounting/invoice/partner-reports:
+
+## Partner reports
+
+.. _accounting/invoices/partner-ledger:
+
+### Partner Ledger
+
+The :guilabel:`Partner Ledger` report shows the balance of customers and suppliers. To access it,
+go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Reporting --> Partner Ledger`.
+
+.. _accounting/invoices/aging-report:
+
+### Aged Receivable
+
+To review outstanding customer invoices and their related due dates, use the :ref:`Aged Receivable
+<accounting/reporting/aged-receivable>` report. To access it, go to :menuselection:`Accounting -->
+Reporting --> Aged Receivable`.
+
+.. _accounting/invoices/aged-payable:
+
+### Aged Payable
+
+To review outstanding vendor bills and their related due dates, use the :ref:`Aged Payable
+<accounting/reporting/aged-payable>` report. To access it, go to :menuselection:`Accounting -->
+Reporting --> Aged Payable`.
+
+.. _accounting/invoices/profit-and-loss:
+
+## Profit and Loss
+
+The :ref:`Profit and Loss <accounting/reporting/profit-and-loss>` statement shows details of income
+and expenses.
+
+.. _accounting/invoices/balance-sheet:
+
+## Balance sheet
+
+The :ref:`Balance Sheet <accounting/reporting/balance-sheet>` summarizes the company's assets,
+liabilities, and equity at a specific time.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :titlesonly:
+
+   customer_invoices/overview
+   customer_invoices/customer_addresses
+   customer_invoices/payment_terms
+   customer_invoices/terms_conditions
+   customer_invoices/cash_discounts
+   customer_invoices/credit_notes
+   customer_invoices/cash_rounding
+   customer_invoices/deferred_revenues
+   customer_invoices/electronic_invoicing
+   customer_invoices/sequence
+   customer_invoices/snailmail
+   customer_invoices/epc_qr_code
+   customer_invoices/incoterms

package/payload/skills/odoo18-docs/references/docs/applications/finance/accounting/get_started/avg_price_valuation.md

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+---
+title: "Average price on returned goods"
+source_url: "https://docs.odoo.sbggai.top/applications/finance/accounting/get_started/avg_price_valuation.html"
+---
+
+===============================
+# Average price on returned goods
+
+.. |AVCO| replace:: :abbr:`AVCO (Average Cost Valuation)`
+.. _inventory/avg_cost/definition:
+
+*Average cost valuation* (AVCO) is an inventory valuation method that evaluates cost based on the
+total cost of goods bought or produced during a period, divided by the total number of items
+on-hand. Inventory valuation is used to:
+
+- reflect the value of a company's assets;
+- keep track of the amount of unsold goods;
+- account for monetary value in goods that have yet to generate profit;
+- report on flow of goods throughout the quarter.
+
+Because |AVCO| uses the weighted average to evaluate the cost, it is a good fit for companies that
+sell only a few different products in large quantities. In Odoo, this costing analysis is
+*automatically updated* each time products are received.
+
+Thus, when shipments are returned to their supplier, Odoo automatically generates accounting entries
+to reflect the change in inventory valuation. However, Odoo does **not** automatically update the
+|AVCO| calculation, because :ref:`this can potentially create inconsistencies with inventory
+valuation <inventory/avg_price/leaving_inventory>`.
+
+> **note**:
+>    This document addresses a specific use case for theoretical purposes. For instructions on how to
+   set up and use |AVCO|, refer to the :doc:`inventory valuation configuration
+   <../../../inventory_and_mrp/inventory/product_management/inventory_valuation/inventory_valuation_config>`
+   doc.
+
+.. seealso::
+   - :doc:`Using inventory valuation
+     <../../../inventory_and_mrp/inventory/product_management/inventory_valuation/using_inventory_valuation>`
+   - :ref:`Other inventory valuation methods <inventory/warehouses_storage/costing_methods>`
+
+# Configuration
+
+To use average cost inventory valuation on a product, navigate to :menuselection:`Inventory -->
+Configuration --> Product Categories` and select the category that will be using |AVCO|. On the
+product category page, set :guilabel:`Costing Method` to `Average Cost (AVCO)` and
+:guilabel:`Inventory Valuation` to `Automated`.
+
+.. seealso::
+   :doc:`Inventory valuation configuration
+   <../../../inventory_and_mrp/inventory/product_management/inventory_valuation/inventory_valuation_config>`
+
+# Using average cost valuation
+
+The average cost method adjusts the inventory valuation when products are received in the warehouse.
+This section explains how it works, but if the explanation is unnecessary, skip to the :ref:`return
+to supplier use case <inventory/avg_cost/return>` section.
+
+.. _inventory/avg_cost/formula:
+
+## Formula
+
+When new products arrive, the new average cost for each product is recomputed using the formula:
+
+.. math::
+   Avg~Cost = \frac{(Old~Qty \times Old~Avg~Cost) + (Incoming~Qty \times Purchase~Price)}{Final~Qty}
+
+- **Old Qty**: product count in stock before receiving the new shipment;
+- **Old Avg Cost**: calculated average cost for a single product from the previous inventory
+  valuation;
+- **Incoming Qty**: count of products arriving in the new shipment;
+- **Purchase Price**: estimated price of products at the reception of products (since vendor bills
+  may arrive later). The amount includes not only the price for the products, but also added costs,
+  such as shipping, taxes, and :doc:`landed costs
+  <../../../inventory_and_mrp/inventory/product_management/inventory_valuation/landed_costs>`. At
+  reception of the vendor bill, this price is adjusted;
+- **Final Qty**: quantity of on-hand stock after the stock move.
+
+.. _inventory/avg_cost/definite_rule:
+
+> **important**:
+>    When products leave the warehouse, the average cost **does not** change. Read about why the
+   average cost valuation is **not** adjusted :ref:`here <inventory/avg_price/leaving_inventory>`.
+
+.. _inventory/avg_cost/math_table:
+
+## Compute average cost
+
+To understand how the average cost of a product changes with each shipment, consider the following
+table of warehouse operations and stock moves. Each is a different example of how the average cost
+valuation is affected.
+
++--------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Operation                      | Incoming Value| Inventory Value   | Qty On Hand   | Avg Cost   |
++================================+===============+===================+===============+============+
+|                                |               | $0                | 0             | $0         |
++--------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Receive 8 tables at $10/unit   | 8 * $10       | $80               | 8             | $10        |
++--------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Receive 4 tables at $16/unit   | 4 * $16       | $144              | 12            | $12        |
++--------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Deliver 10 tables              | -10 * $12     | $24               | 2             | $12        |
++--------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+
+.. _inventory/avg_cost/ex-1:
+
+.. exercise::
+   Ensure comprehension of the above computations by reviewing the "Receive 8 tables at $10/unit"
+   example.
+
+   Initially, the product stock is 0, so all values are $0.
+
+   In the first warehouse operation, `8` tables are received at `$10` each. The average cost is
+   calculated using the :ref:`formula <inventory/avg_cost/formula>`:
+
+   .. math::
+      Avg~Cost = \frac{0 + 8 \times $10}{8} = \frac{$80}{8} = $10
+
+   - Since the *incoming quantity* of tables is `8` and the *purchase price* for each is `$10`,
+   - The inventory value in the numerator is evaluated to `$80`;
+   - `$80` is divided by the total amount of tables to store, `8`;
+   - `$10` is the average cost of a single table from the first shipment.
+
+   To verify this in Odoo, in the *Purchase* app, order `8` quantities of a new product, `Table`,
+   with no previous stock moves, for `$10` each.
+
+   In the table's :guilabel:`Product Category` field in the :guilabel:`General Information` tab of
+   the product form, click the :guilabel:`➡️ (arrow)` icon, to open an :guilabel:`External Link` to
+   edit the product category. Set the :guilabel:`Costing Method` to `Average Cost (AVCO)` and
+   :guilabel:`Inventory Valuation` to `Automated`.
+
+   Then, return to the purchase order. Click :guilabel:`Confirm Order`, and click :guilabel:`Receive
+   Products` to confirm receipt.
+
+   Next, check the inventory valuation record generated by the product reception by navigating to
+   :menuselection:`Inventory --> Reporting --> Inventory Valuation`. Select the drop-down for
+   `Table`, and view the :guilabel:`Total Value` column for the *valuation layer* (:dfn:`inventory
+   valuation at a specific point in time = on-hand quantity * unit price`). The 8 tables in-stock
+   are worth $80.
+
+   .. image:: avg_price_valuation/inventory-val-8-tables.png
+      :align: center
+      :alt: Show inventory valuation of 8 tables in Odoo.
+
+> **tip**:
+>    When the product category's :guilabel:`Costing Method` is set to :guilabel:`AVCO`, then the
+   average cost of a product is also displayed on the :guilabel:`Cost` field, under the
+   :guilabel:`General Information` tab, on the product page itself.
+
+### Product delivery (use case)
+
+For outgoing shipments, :ref:`outbound products have no effect on the average cost valuation
+<inventory/avg_cost/definite_rule>`. Although the average cost valuation is not recalculated, the
+inventory value still decreases because the product is removed from stock and delivered to the
+customer location.
+
+.. exercise::
+   To demonstrate that the average cost valuation is not recalculated, examine the "Deliver 10
+   tables" example.
+
+   .. math::
+      Avg~Cost = \frac{12 \times $12 + (-10) \times $12}{12-10} = \frac{24}{2} = $12
+
+   #. Because 10 tables are being sent out to customers, the *incoming quantity* is `-10`. The
+      previous average cost (`$12`) is used in lieu of a vendor's *purchase price*;
+   #. The *incoming inventory value* is `-10 * $12 = -$120`;
+   #. The old *inventory value* (`$144`) is added to the *incoming inventory value* (`-$120`), so
+      `$144 + -$120 = $24`;
+   #. Only `2` tables remain after shipping out `10` tables from `12`. So the current *inventory
+      value* (`$24`) is divided by the on-hand quantity (`2`);
+   #. `$24 / 2 = $12`, which is the same average cost as the previous operation.
+
+   To verify this in Odoo, sell `10` tables in the *Sales* app, validate the delivery, and then
+   review the inventory valuation record by going to in :menuselection:`Inventory --> Reporting -->
+   Inventory Valuation`. In the topmost valuation layer, delivering `10` tables reduces the
+   product's value by `-$120`.
+
+   **Note**: What is not represented in this stock valuation record is the revenue made from this
+   sale, so this decrease is not a loss to the company.
+
+   .. image:: avg_price_valuation/inventory-val-send-10-tables.png
+      :align: center
+      :alt: Show how deliveries decrease inventory valuation.
+
+.. _inventory/avg_cost/return:
+
+# Return items to supplier (use case)
+
+Because the price paid to suppliers can differ from the price the product is valued at with the
+|AVCO| method, Odoo handles returned items in a specific way.
+
+#. Products are returned to suppliers at the original purchase price, but;
+#. The internal cost valuation remains unchanged.
+
+The above :ref:`example table <inventory/avg_cost/math_table>` is updated as follows:
+
++--------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Operation                      | Qty*Avg Cost  | Inventory Value   | Qty On Hand   | Avg Cost   |
++================================+===============+===================+===============+============+
+|                                |               | $24               | 2             | $12        |
++--------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Return 1 table bought at $10   | -1 * $12      | $12               | 1             | $12        |
++--------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+
+In other words, returns to vendors are perceived by Odoo as another form of a product exiting the
+warehouse. To Odoo, because the table is valued at $12 per unit, the inventory value is reduced by
+`$12` when the product is returned; the initial purchase price of `$10` is unrelated to the table's
+average cost.
+
+.. example::
+   To return a single table that was purchased for `$10`, navigate to the receipt in the *Inventory*
+   app for the :ref:`8 tables purchased in Exercise 1 <inventory/avg_cost/ex-1>` by going to the
+   :guilabel:`Inventory Overview`, clicking on :guilabel:`Receipts`, and selecting the desired
+   receipt.
+
+   Then, click :guilabel:`Return` on the validated delivery order, and modify the quantity to `1` in
+   the reverse transfer window. This creates an outgoing shipment for the table. Select
+   :guilabel:`Validate` to confirm the outgoing shipment.
+
+   Return to :menuselection:`Inventory --> Reporting --> Inventory Valuation` to see how the
+   outgoing shipment decreases the inventory value by $12.
+
+   .. image:: avg_price_valuation/inventory-valuation-return.png
+      :align: center
+      :alt: Inventory valuation for return.
+
+.. _inventory/avg_price/leaving_inventory:
+
+## Eliminate stock valuation errors in outgoing products
+
+Inconsistencies can occur in a company's inventory when the average cost valuation is recalculated
+on outgoing shipments.
+
+To demonstrate this error, the table below displays a scenario in which 1 table is shipped to a
+customer and another is returned to a supplier at the purchased price.
+
++------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Operation                                | Qty*Price     | Inventory Value   | Qty On Hand   | Avg Cost   |
++==========================================+===============+===================+===============+============+
+|                                          |               | $24               | 2             | $12        |
++------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Ship 1 product to customer               | -1 \* $12     | $12               | 1             | $12        |
++------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Return 1 product initially bought at $10 | -1 \* $10     | **$2**            | **0**         | $12        |
++------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+
+In the final operation above, the final inventory valuation for the table is `$2` even though there
+are `0` tables left in stock.
+
+.. admonition:: Correct method
+
+   Use the average cost to value the return. This does not mean the company gets $12 back for a $10
+   purchase; the item returned for $10 is valued internally at $12. The inventory value change
+   represents a product worth $12 no longer being accounted for in company assets.
+
+# Anglo-Saxon accounting
+
+In addition to using |AVCO|, companies that use **Anglo-Saxon accounting** also keep a holding
+account that tracks the amount to be paid to vendors. Once a vendor delivers an order, **inventory
+value** increases based on the vendor price of the products that have entered the stock. The holding
+account (called **stock input**) is credited and only reconciled once the vendor bill is received.
+
+.. seealso::
+   - :ref:`Anglo-Saxon vs. Continental <inventory/warehouses_storage/accounting-types>`
+
+The table below reflects journal entries and accounts. The *stock input* account stores the money
+intended to pay vendors when the vendor bill has not yet been received. To balance accounts when
+returning products that have a price difference between the price the product is **valued at** and
+the price it was bought for, a *price difference* account is created.
+
+.. _inventory/avg_price/price-table:
+
++-----------------------------------------+---------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Operation                               | Stock Input   | Price Diff   | Inventory Value   | Qty On Hand   | Avg Cost   |
++=========================================+===============+==============+===================+===============+============+
+|                                         |               |              | $0                | 0             | $0         |
++-----------------------------------------+---------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Receive 8 tables at $10                 | ($80)         |              | $80               | 8             | $10        |
++-----------------------------------------+---------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Receive vendor bill $80                 | $0            |              | $80               | 8             | $10        |
++-----------------------------------------+---------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Receive 4 tables at $16                 | ($64)         |              | $144              | 12            | $12        |
++-----------------------------------------+---------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Receive vendor bill $64                 | $0            |              | $144              | 12            | $12        |
++-----------------------------------------+---------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Deliver 10 tables to customer           | $0            |              | $24               | 2             | $12        |
++-----------------------------------------+---------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Return 1 table initially bought at $10  | **$10**       | **$2**       | **$12**           | 1             | $12        |
++-----------------------------------------+---------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+| Receive vendor refund $10               | $0            | $2           | $12               | 1             | $12        |
++-----------------------------------------+---------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------+------------+
+
+## Product reception
+
+### Summary
+
+At product reception, Odoo ensures companies can pay for goods that were purchased by preemptively
+moving an amount matching the price of received goods into the :doc:`liability account
+</applications/finance/accounting/get_started/cheat_sheet>`, **Stock Input**. Then, once the bill
+has been received, the amount in the holding account is transferred to *Accounts Payable*. Transfers
+into this account means the bill has been paid. **Stock Input** is reconciled once the vendor bill
+is received.
+
+Inventory valuation is a method of calculating how much each in-stock product is worth internally.
+Since there is a difference between the price the product is **valuated at** and the price the
+product was actually **purchased for**, the **Inventory Valuation** account is unrelated to the
+crediting and debiting operations of the **Stock Input** account.
+
+To conceptualize all this, follow the breakdown below.
+
+### Accounts balanced at received products
+
+In this example, a company starts with zero units of a product, `table`, in stock. Then, 8 tables
+are received from the vendor:
+
+#. The **Stock Input** account stores `$80` of credit owed to the vendor. The amount in this account
+   is unrelated to the inventory value.
+#. `$80` worth of tables came **in** (**debit** the *Inventory Value* account `$80`), and
+#. `$80` must be paid **out** for received goods (**credit** the *Stock Input* account `$80`).
+
+In Odoo
+*******
+
+Odoo generates an accounting journal entry when shipments that use |AVCO| costing method are
+received. Configure a :guilabel:`Price Difference Account` by selecting the :guilabel:`➡️ (arrow)`
+icon next to the :guilabel:`Product Category` field on the product page.
+
+Under :guilabel:`Account Properties`, create a new :guilabel:`Price Difference Account` by typing in
+the name of the account and clicking :guilabel:`Create and Edit`. Then set the account
+:guilabel:`Type` as `Expenses`, and click :guilabel:`Save`.
+
+.. image:: avg_price_valuation/create-price-difference.png
+   :align: center
+   :alt: Create price difference account.
+
+Then, receive the shipment in the *Purchase* app or *Inventory* app, and navigate to the
+:menuselection:`Accounting app --> Accounting --> Journal Entries`. In the list, find the
+:guilabel:`Reference` that matches the warehouse reception operation for the relevant product.
+
+.. image:: avg_price_valuation/search-for-entry-of-tables.png
+   :align: center
+   :alt: Show accounting entry of 8 tables from the list.
+
+Click on the line for 8 tables. This accounting journal entry shows that when the 8 tables were
+received, the `Stock Valuation` account increased by `$80`. Conversely, the **Stock Input** account
+(set as `Stock Interim (Received)` account by default) is credited `$80`.
+
+.. image:: avg_price_valuation/accounting-entry-8-tables.png
+   :align: center
+   :alt: Debit stock valuation and credit stock input 80 dollars.
+
+### Accounts balanced at received vendor bill
+
+In this example, a company starts with zero units of a product, table, in stock. Then, 8 tables are
+received from the vendor. When the bill is received from vendor for 8 tables:
+
+#. Use `$80` in the **Stock Input** account to pay the bill. This cancels out and the account now
+   holds `$0`.
+#. Debit **Stock Input** `$80` (to reconcile this account).
+#. Credit **Accounts payable** `$80`. This account stores the amount the company owes others, so
+   accountants use the amount to write checks to vendors.
+
+In Odoo
+*******
+
+Once the vendor requests payment, navigate to the :menuselection:`Purchase app --> Orders -->
+Purchase` and select the :abbr:`PO (Purchase Order)` for 8 tables. Inside the :abbr:`PO (Purchase
+Order)`, select :guilabel:`Create Bill`.
+
+Switch to the :guilabel:`Journal Items` tab to view how `$80` is transferred from the holding
+account, `Stock Interim (Received)` to `Accounts Payable`. :guilabel:`Confirm` the bill to record
+the payment to the vendor.
+
+.. image:: avg_price_valuation/receive-8-table-bill.png
+   :align: center
+   :alt: Show bill linked to the purchase order for 8 tables.
+
+## On product delivery
+
+In the :ref:`above example table <inventory/avg_price/price-table>`, when 10 products are delivered
+to a customer, the **Stock Input** account is untouched because there are no new products coming in.
+To put it simply:
+
+#. **Inventory valuation** is credited `$120`. Subtracting from inventory valuation represents
+   `$120` worth of products exiting the company.
+#. Debit **Accounts Receivable** to record revenue from the sale.
+
+.. image:: avg_price_valuation/sell-10-tables.png
+   :align: center
+   :alt: Show journal items linked to sale order.
+
+.. spoiler:: Understand Anglo-Saxon expensing
+
+   In the accounting journal entry invoicing a customer for 10 tables, the accounts **Product
+   Sales**, **Tax Received**, and **Accounts Receivable** all pertain to the sale of the product.
+   **Accounts Receivable** is the account where the customer payment will be received.
+
+   Anglo-Saxon accounting recognizes the cost of goods sold (COGS) once the sale is made. So, up
+   until the product is sold, scrapped, or returned, costs of keeping the product in stock are not
+   accounted for. The **Expense** account is debited `$120` to log the costs of storing 10 tables
+   during this period of time.
+
+## On product return
+
+In the :ref:`above example table <inventory/avg_price/price-table>`, when returning 1 product to a
+vendor purchased at `$10`, a company expects `$10` in the **Accounts Payable** account from the
+vendor. However, **Stock Input** account must be debited `$12` because the average cost is `$12` at
+the time of the return. The missing `$2` is accounted for in the :guilabel:`Price Difference
+Account`, which is set up in the product's :guilabel:`Product Category`.
+
+> **note**:
+>    Behavior of *price difference accounts* varies from localization. In this case, the account is
+   intended to store differences between vendor price and *automated* inventory valuation methods.
+
+Summary:
+
+#. Debit **Stock Input** account `$10` to move the table from stock to stock input. This move is to
+   indicate that the table is to be processed for an outgoing shipment.
+#. Debit **Stock Input** an additional `$2` to account for the **Price Difference**.
+#. Credit **Stock Valuation** `$12` because the item is leaving the stock.
+
+.. image:: avg_price_valuation/expensing-price-difference-account.png
+   :align: center
+   :alt: 2 dollar difference expensed in Price Difference account.
+
+Once the vendor's refund is received,
+
+#. Credit **Stock Input** account `$10` to reconcile the price of the table.
+#. Debit **Accounts Payable** `$10` to have the accountants collect and register the payment in
+   their journal.
+
+.. image:: avg_price_valuation/return-credit-note.png
+   :align: center
+   :alt: Return to get 10 dollars back.