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odoo-forge-bundle 0.1.0

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+---
+title: "Framework Overview"
+source_url: "https://docs.odoo.sbggai.top/developer/reference/frontend/framework_overview.html"
+---
+==================
+# Framework Overview
+# Introduction
+The Odoo Javascript framework is a set of features/building blocks provided by
+the `web/` addon to help build odoo applications running in the browser. At
+the same time, the Odoo Javascript framework is a single page application,
+usually known as the *web client* (available at the url `/web`).
+The web client started as an application made with a custom class and widget
+system, but it is now transitioning to using native javascript classes instead,
+and Owl as a component system. This explains why both systems are currently in
+use in the codebase.
+From a high-level perspective, the web client is a single-page application: it
+does not need to request a full page from the server each time the user performs
+an action. Instead, it only requests what it needs and then replaces/updates the
+current screen accordingly. Also, it manages the url to keep it in sync with
+the current state.
+The javascript framework (all or some parts) is also used in other situations,
+such as the Odoo website or the point of sale. This reference is mostly focused
+on the web client.
+> **note**:
+>     It is common in the Odoo ecosystem to see the words *frontend* and *backend*
+    as synonyms for the odoo website (public) and the web client, respectively.
+    This terminology is not to be confused with the more common use of
+    browser-code (frontend) and server (backend).
+> **note**:
+>     In this documentation, the word *component* always refers to new Owl
+    components, and *widget* refers to old Odoo widgets.
+> **note**:
+>     All new development should be done in Owl, if possible!
+# Code structure
+The `web/static/src` folder contains all the `web/` javascript (and css and
+templates) codebase. Here is a list of the most important folders:
+- `core/` most of the low level features
+- `fields/` all field components
+- `views/` all javascript views components (`form`, `list`, ...)
+- `search/` control panel, search bar, search panel, ...
+- `webclient/` the web client specific code: navbar, user menu, action service, ...
+The `web/static/src` is the root folder. Everything inside can simply be
+imported by using the `@web` prefix. For example, here is how one can import
+the `memoize` function located in `web/static/src/core/utils/functions`:
+```javascript
+    import { memoize } from "@web/core/utils/functions";
+# WebClient Architecture
+As mentioned above, the web client is an owl application. Here is a slightly
+simplified version of its template:
+```xml
+    <t t-name="web.WebClient">
+        <body class="o_web_client">
+            <NavBar/>
+            <ActionContainer/>
+            <MainComponentsContainer/>
+        </body>
+    </t>
+As we can see, it basically is a wrapper for a navbar, the current action and
+some additional components. The `ActionContainer` is a higher order component
+that will display the current action controller (so, a client action, or a
+specific view in the case of actions of type `act_window`). Managing actions
+is a huge part of its work: the action service keeps in memory a stack of
+all active actions (represented in the breadcrumbs), and coordinates each
+change.
+Another interesting thing to note is the `MainComponentsContainer`: it is
+simply a component that displays all components registered in the
+`main_components` registry. This is how other parts of the system can extend
+the web client.
+.. _frontend/framework/environment:
+# Environment
+As an Owl application, the Odoo web client defines its own environment (components
+can access it using `this.env`). Here is a description of what Odoo adds to
+the shared `env` object:
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 25 75
+   :header-rows: 1
+   * - Key
+     - Value
+   * - `qweb`
+     - required by Owl (contains all templates)
+   * - `bus`
+     - :ref:`main bus <frontend/framework/bus>`, used to coordinate some generic events
+   * - `services`
+     - all deployed :ref:`services <frontend/services>` (should usually be accessed
+       with the `useService` hook)
+   * - `debug`
+     - string. If non empty, the web client is in :ref:`debug mode <frontend/framework/debug_mode>`
+   * - `_t`
+     - translation function
+   * - `isSmall`
+     - boolean. If true, the web client is currently in mobile mode (screen width <= 767px)
+So, for example, to translate a string in a component (note: templates are
+automatically translated, so no specific action is required in that case), one
+can do this:
+```javascript
+    const someString = this.env._t('some text');
+> **note**:
+>    Having a reference to the environment is quite powerful, because it provides
+   access to all services. This is useful in many cases: for example,
+   user menu items are mostly defined as a string, and a function taking the `env`
+   as unique argument. This is enough to express all user menu needs.
+# Building Blocks
+Most of the web client is built with a few types of abstractions: registries,
+services, components and hooks.
+## Registries
+:ref:`Registries <frontend/registries>` are basically a simple key/value mapping
+that stores some specific kind of objects. They are an important part of the
+extensibility of the UI: once some object is registered, the rest of the web
+client can use it. For example, the field registry contains all field components
+(or widgets) that can be used in views.
+```javascript
+    import { Component } from "@odoo/owl";
+    import { registry } from "./core/registry";
+    class MyFieldChar extends Component {
+        // some code
+    }
+    registry.category("fields").add("my_field_char", MyFieldChar);
+Note that we import the main registry from `@web/core/registry` then open the
+sub registry `fields`.
+## Services
+:ref:`Services <frontend/services>` are long lived pieces of code that provide a
+feature. They may be imported by components (with `useService`) or by other
+services. Also, they can declare a set of dependencies. In that sense, services
+are basically a DI (dependency injection) system. For example, the `notification`
+service provides a way to display a notification, or the `rpc` service is the
+proper way to perform a request to the Odoo server.
+The following example registers a simple service that displays a notification
+every 5 second:
+```javascript
+    import { registry } from "./core/registry";
+    const serviceRegistry = registry.category("services");
+    const myService = {
+        dependencies: ["notification"],
+        start(env, { notification }) {
+            let counter = 1;
+            setInterval(() => {
+                notification.add(`Tick Tock ${counter++}`);
+            }, 5000);
+        }
+    };
+    serviceRegistry.add("myService", myService);
+## Components and Hooks
+:ref:`Components <frontend/components>` and :ref:`hooks <frontend/hooks>` are ideas coming from the
+[Owl component system ](https://github.com/odoo/owl/blob/master/doc/readme.md).
+Odoo components are simply owl components that are part of the web client.
+[Hooks ](https://github.com/odoo/owl/blob/master/doc/reference/hooks.md) are a
+way to factorize code, even if it depends on lifecycle. This is a
+composable/functional way to inject a feature in a component. They can be seen
+as a kind of mixin.
+```javascript
+    function useCurrentTime() {
+        const state = useState({ now: new Date() });
+        const update = () => state.now = new Date();
+        let timer;
+        onWillStart(() => timer = setInterval(update, 1000));
+        onWillUnmount(() => clearInterval(timer));
+        return state;
+    }
+# Context
+An important concept in the Odoo javascript is the *context*: it provides a way
+for code to give more context to a function call or a rpc, so other parts of the
+system can properly react to that information. In some way, it is like a bag of
+information that is propagated everywhere. It is useful in some situations, such
+as letting the Odoo server know that a model rpc comes from a specific form view,
+or activating/disabling some features in a component.
+There are two different contexts in the Odoo web client: the *user context* and
+the *action context* (so, we should be careful when using the word *context*: it
+could mean a different thing depending on the situation).
+> **note**:
+>    The `context` object may be useful in many cases, but one should be careful
+   not to overuse it! Many problems can be solved in a standard way without
+   modifying the context.
+.. _frontend/framework/user_context:
+## User Context
+The *user context* is a small object containing various informations related to
+the current user. It is available through the `user` service:
+```javascript
+    class MyComponent extends Component {
+        setup() {
+            const user = useService("user");
+            console.log(user.context);
+        }
+    }
+It contains the following information:
+.. list-table::
+    :widths: 20 20 60
+    :header-rows: 1
+    * - Name
+      - Type
+      - Description
+    * - `allowed_company_ids`
+      - `number[]`
+      - the list of active company ids for the user
+    * - `lang`
+      - `string`
+      - the user language code (such as "en_us")
+    * - `tz`
+      - `string`
+      - the user current timezone (for example "Europe/Brussels")
+In practice, the `orm` service automatically adds the user context to each of
+its requests. This is why it is usually not necessary to import it directly in
+most cases.
+> **note**:
+>    The first element of the `allowed_company_ids` is the main company of the user.
+## Action Context
+The :ref:`ir.actions.act_window<reference/actions/window>` and
+:ref:`ir.actions.client<reference/actions/client>` support an optional `context` field.
+This field is a `char` that represents an object. Whenever the corresponding
+action is loaded in the web client, this context field will be evaluated as an
+object and given to the component that corresponds to the action.
+```xml
+    <field name="context">{'search_default_customer': 1}</field>
+It can be used in many different ways. For example, the views add the
+action context to every requests made to the server. Another important use is to
+activate some search filter by default (see example above).
+Sometimes, when we execute new actions manually (so, programmatically, in javascript),
+it is useful to be able to extend the action context. This can be done with the
+`additional_context` argument.
+```javascript
+    // in setup
+    let actionService = useService("action");
+    // in some event handler
+    actionService.doAction("addon_name.something", {
+        additional_context:{
+            default_period_id: defaultPeriodId
+        }
+    });
+In this example, the action with xml_id `addon_name.something` will be loaded,
+and its context will be extended with the `default_period_id` value. This is a
+very important usecase that lets developers combine actions together by providing
+some information to the next action.
+.. _frontend/framework/pyjs:
+# Python Interpreter
+The Odoo framework features a built-in small python interpreter. Its purpose
+is to evaluate small python expressions. This is important, because views in
+Odoo have modifiers written in python, but they need to be evaluated by the
+browser.
+Example:
+```javascript
+   import { evaluateExpr } from "@web/core/py_js/py";
+   evaluateExpr("1 + 2*{'a': 1}.get('b', 54) + v", { v: 33 }); // returns 142
+The `py` javascript code exports 5 functions:
+.. js:function:: tokenize(expr)
+  :param string expr: the expression to tokenize
+  :returns: Token[] a list of token
+.. js:function:: parse(tokens)
+  :param Token[] tokens: a list of tokens
+  :returns: AST an abstract syntax tree structure representing the expression
+.. js:function:: parseExpr(expr)
+  :param string expr: a string representing a valid python expression
+  :returns: AST an abstract syntax tree structure representing the expression
+.. js:function:: evaluate(ast[, context])
+  :param AST ast: a AST structure that represents an expression
+  :param Object context: an object that provides an additional evaluation context
+  :returns: any the resulting value of the expression, with respect to the context
+.. js:function:: evaluateExpr(expr[, context])
+  :param string expr: a string representing a valid python expression
+  :param Object context: an object that provides an additional evaluation context
+  :returns: any the resulting value of the expression, with respect to the context
+.. _frontend/framework/domains:
+# Domains
+Broadly speaking, domains in Odoo represent a set of records that matches some
+specified conditions. In javascript, they are usually represented either as a
+list of conditions (or of operators: `|`, `&` or `!` in prefix notation), or as string
+expressions. They don't have to be normalized (the `&` operator is implied if
+necessary). For example:
+```javascript
+  // list of conditions
+  []
+  [["a", "=", 3]]
+  [["a", "=", 1], ["b", "=", 2], ["c", "=", 3]]
+  ["&", "&", ["a", "=", 1], ["b", "=", 2], ["c", "=", 3]]
+  ["&", "!", ["a", "=", 1], "|", ["a", "=", 2], ["a", "=", 3]]
+  // string expressions
+  "[('some_file', '>', a)]"
+  "[('date','>=', (context_today() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))]"
+  "[('date', '!=', False)]"
+String expressions are more powerful than list expressions: they can contain
+python expressions and unevaluated values, that depends on some evaluation context.
+However, manipulating string expressions is more difficult.
+Since domains are quite important in the web client, Odoo provides a `Domain`
+class:
+```javascript
+    new Domain([["a", "=", 3]]).contains({ a: 3 }) // true
+    const domain = new Domain(["&", "&", ["a", "=", 1], ["b", "=", 2], ["c", "=", 3]]);
+    domain.contains({ a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }); // true
+    domain.contains({ a: -1, b: 2, c: 3 }); // false
+    // next expression returns ["|", ("a", "=", 1), ("b", "<=", 3)]
+    Domain.or([[["a", "=", 1]], "[('b', '<=', 3)]"]).toString();
+Here is the `Domain` class description:
+.. js:class:: Domain([descr])
+  :param descr: a domain description
+  :type descr: string | any[] | Domain
+  .. js:method:: contains(record)
+    :param Object record: a record object
+    :returns: boolean
+    Returns true if the record matches all the condition specified by the domain
+  .. js:method:: toString()
+    :returns: string
+    Returns a string description for the domain
+  .. js:method:: toList([context])
+    :param Object context: evaluation context
+    :returns: any[]
+    Returns a list description for the domain. Note that this method takes an
+    optional `context` object that will be used to replace all free variables.
+    ```javascript
+      new Domain(`[('a', '>', b)]`).toList({ b:3 }); // [['a', '>', 3]]
+The `Domain` class also provides 4 useful static methods to combine domains:
+```javascript
+    // ["&", ("a", "=", 1), ("uid", "<=", uid)]
+    Domain.and([[["a", "=", 1]], "[('uid', '<=', uid)]"]).toString();
+    // ["|", ("a", "=", 1), ("uid", "<=", uid)]
+    Domain.or([[["a", "=", 1]], "[('uid', '<=', uid)]"]).toString();
+    // ["!", ("a", "=", 1)]
+    Domain.not([["a", "=", 1]]).toString();
+    // ["&", ("a", "=", 1), ("uid", "<=", uid)]
+    Domain.combine([[["a", "=", 1]], "[('uid', '<=', uid)]"], "AND").toString();
+.. staticmethod:: Domain.and(domains)
+  :param domains: a list of domain representations
+  :type domains: string[] | any[][] | Domain[]
+  :returns: Domain
+  Returns a domain representing the intersection of all domains.
+.. staticmethod:: Domain.or(domains)
+  :param domains: a list of domain representations
+  :type domains: string[] | any[][] | Domain[]
+  :returns: Domain
+  Returns a domain representing the union of all domains.
+.. staticmethod:: Domain.not(domain)
+  :param domain: a domain representation
+  :type domain: string | any[] | Domain
+  :returns: Domain
+  Returns a domain representing the negation of the domain argument
+.. staticmethod:: Domain.combine(domains, operator)
+  :param domains: a list of domain representations
+  :type domains: string[] | any[][] | Domain[]
+  :param operator: an operator
+  :type operator: 'AND' or 'OR'
+  :returns: Domain
+  Returns a domain representing either the intersection or the union of all the
+  domains, depending on the value of the operator argument.
+.. _frontend/framework/bus:
+# Bus
+The web client :ref:`environment <frontend/framework/environment>` object contains an event
+bus, named `bus`. Its purpose is to allow various parts of the system to properly
+coordinate themselves, without coupling them. The `env.bus` is an owl
+[EventBus ](https://github.com/odoo/owl/blob/master/doc/reference/event_bus.md),
+that should be used for global events of interest.
+```javascript
+   // for example, in some service code:
+   env.bus.on("WEB_CLIENT_READY", null, doSomething);
+Here is a list of the events that can be triggered on this bus:
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   * - Message
+     - Payload
+     - Trigger
+   * - `ACTION_MANAGER:UI-UPDATED`
+     - a mode indicating what part of the ui has been updated ('current', 'new' or 'fullscreen')
+     - the rendering of the action requested to the action manager is done
+   * - `ACTION_MANAGER:UPDATE`
+     - next rendering info
+     - the action manager has finished computing the next interface
+   * - `MENUS:APP-CHANGED`
+     - none
+     - the menu service's current app has changed
+   * - `ROUTE_CHANGE`
+     - none
+     - the url hash was changed
+   * - `RPC:REQUEST`
+     - rpc id
+     - a rpc request has just started
+   * - `RPC:RESPONSE`
+     - rpc id
+     - a rpc request is completed
+   * - `WEB_CLIENT_READY`
+     - none
+     - the web client has been mounted
+   * - `FOCUS-VIEW`
+     - none
+     - the main view should focus itself
+   * - `CLEAR-CACHES`
+     - none
+     - all internal caches should be cleared
+   * - `CLEAR-UNCOMMITTED-CHANGES`
+     - list of functions
+     - all views with uncommitted changes should clear them, and push a callback in the list
+# Browser Object
+The javascript framework also provides a special object `browser` that
+provides access to many browser APIs, like `location`, `localStorage`
+or `setTimeout`.  For example, here is how one could use the
+`browser.setTimeout` function:
+```javascript
+    import { browser } from "@web/core/browser/browser";
+    // somewhere in code
+    browser.setTimeout(someFunction, 1000);
+It is mostly interesting for testing purposes: all code using the browser object
+can be tested easily by mocking the relevant functions for the duration of the
+test.
+It contains the following content:
+.. list-table::
+  * - `addEventListener`
+    - `cancelAnimationFrame`
+    - `clearInterval`
+  * - `clearTimeout`
+    - `console`
+    - `Date`
+  * - `fetch`
+    - `history`
+    - `localStorage`
+  * - `location`
+    - `navigator`
+    - `open`
+  * - `random`
+    - `removeEventListener`
+    - `requestAnimationFrame`
+  * - `sessionStorage`
+    - `setInterval`
+    - `setTimeout`
+  * - `XMLHttpRequest`
+    -
+    -
+.. _frontend/framework/debug_mode:
+# Debug mode
+Odoo can sometimes operate in a special mode called the `debug` mode. It is used
+for two main purposes:
+- display additional information/fields for some particular screens,
+- provide some additional tools to help developer debug the Odoo interface.
+The `debug` mode is described by a string. An empty string means that the `debug`
+mode is not active. Otherwise, it is active.  If the string contains `assets` or
+`tests`, then the corresponding specific sub modes are activated (see below). Both
+modes can be active at the same time, for example with the string `assets,tests`.
+The `debug` mode current value can be read in the :ref:`environment<frontend/framework/environment>`:
+`env.debug`.
+> **tip**:
+>     To show menus, fields or view elements only in debug mode, you should target
+    the group `base.group_no_one`:
+    ```xml
+        <field name="fname" groups="base.group_no_one"/>
+.. seealso::
+   - :ref:`Activate the debug mode <developer-mode>`
+.. _frontend/framework/assets_debug_mode:
+## Assets mode
+The `debug=assets` sub mode is useful to debug javascript code: once activated,
+the :ref:`assets<reference/assets>` bundles are no longer minified, and source-maps
+are generated as well. This makes it useful to debug all kind of javascript code.
+.. _frontend/framework/tests_debug_mode:
+## Tests mode
+There is another sub mode named `tests`: if enabled, the server injects the
+bundle `web.assets_tests` in the page. This bundle contains mostly test tours
+(tours whose purpose is to test a feature, not to show something interesting to
+users). The `tests` mode is then useful to be able to run these tours.
+.. seealso::
+    - [Owl Repository ](https://github.com/odoo/owl)