deeptwins-cesium-engine 0.0.3

package/Source/Scene/ViewshedShadowMap.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1953 @@
+import BoundingRectangle from "../Core/BoundingRectangle.js";
+import BoundingSphere from "../Core/BoundingSphere.js";
+import BoxOutlineGeometry from "../Core/BoxOutlineGeometry.js";
+import Cartesian2 from "../Core/Cartesian2.js";
+import Cartesian3 from "../Core/Cartesian3.js";
+import Cartesian4 from "../Core/Cartesian4.js";
+import Cartographic from "../Core/Cartographic.js";
+import clone from "../Core/clone.js";
+import Color from "../Core/Color.js";
+import ColorGeometryInstanceAttribute from "../Core/ColorGeometryInstanceAttribute.js";
+import combine from "../Core/combine.js";
+import CullingVolume from "../Core/CullingVolume.js";
+import defaultValue from "../Core/defaultValue.js";
+import defined from "../Core/defined.js";
+import destroyObject from "../Core/destroyObject.js";
+import DeveloperError from "../Core/DeveloperError.js";
+import FeatureDetection from "../Core/FeatureDetection.js";
+import GeometryInstance from "../Core/GeometryInstance.js";
+import Intersect from "../Core/Intersect.js";
+import CesiumMath from "../Core/Math.js";
+import Matrix4 from "../Core/Matrix4.js";
+import OrthographicOffCenterFrustum from "../Core/OrthographicOffCenterFrustum.js";
+import PerspectiveFrustum from "../Core/PerspectiveFrustum.js";
+import PixelFormat from "../Core/PixelFormat.js";
+import Quaternion from "../Core/Quaternion.js";
+import SphereOutlineGeometry from "../Core/SphereOutlineGeometry.js";
+import WebGLConstants from "../Core/WebGLConstants.js";
+import ClearCommand from "../Renderer/ClearCommand.js";
+import ContextLimits from "../Renderer/ContextLimits.js";
+import CubeMap from "../Renderer/CubeMap.js";
+import DrawCommand from "../Renderer/DrawCommand.js";
+import Framebuffer from "../Renderer/Framebuffer.js";
+import Pass from "../Renderer/Pass.js";
+import PassState from "../Renderer/PassState.js";
+import PixelDatatype from "../Renderer/PixelDatatype.js";
+import Renderbuffer from "../Renderer/Renderbuffer.js";
+import RenderbufferFormat from "../Renderer/RenderbufferFormat.js";
+import RenderState from "../Renderer/RenderState.js";
+import Sampler from "../Renderer/Sampler.js";
+import Texture from "../Renderer/Texture.js";
+import Camera from "./Camera.js";
+import CullFace from "./CullFace.js";
+import DebugCameraPrimitive from "./DebugCameraPrimitive.js";
+import PerInstanceColorAppearance from "./PerInstanceColorAppearance.js";
+import Primitive from "./Primitive.js";
+import ShadowMapShader from "./ShadowMapShader.js";
+
+/**
+ * <div class="notice">
+ * Use {@link Viewer#shadowMap} to get the scene's shadow map. Do not construct this directly.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @alias ViewshedShadowMap
+ * @constructor
+ * @class
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options An object containing the following properties:
+ * @param {any} options.context The context
+ * @param {Camera} options.lightCamera A camera representing the light source.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.enabled=true] Whether the shadow map is enabled.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.isPointLight=false] Whether the light source is a point light. Point light shadows do not use cascades.
+ * @param {Number} [options.pointLightRadius=100.0] Radius of the point light.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.cascadesEnabled=true] Use multiple shadow maps to cover different partitions of the view frustum.
+ * @param {Number} [options.numberOfCascades=4] The number of cascades to use for the shadow map. Supported values are one and four.
+ * @param {Number} [options.maximumDistance=5000.0] The maximum distance used for generating cascaded shadows. Lower values improve shadow quality.
+ * @param {Number} [options.size=2048] The width and height, in pixels, of each shadow map.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.softShadows=false] Whether percentage-closer-filtering is enabled for producing softer shadows.
+ * @param {Number} [options.darkness=0.3] The shadow darkness.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.normalOffset=true] Whether a normal bias is applied to shadows.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.fadingEnabled=true] Whether shadows start to fade out once the light gets closer to the horizon.
+ *
+ * @exception {DeveloperError} Only one or four cascades are supported.
+ *
+ * @demo {@link https://sandcastle.cesium.com/index.html?src=Shadows.html|Cesium Sandcastle Shadows Demo}
+ */
+function ViewshedShadowMap(options) {
+  options = defaultValue(options, defaultValue.EMPTY_OBJECT);
+  const context = options.context;
+
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(context)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("context is required.");
+  }
+  if (!defined(options.lightCamera)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("lightCamera is required.");
+  }
+  if (
+    defined(options.numberOfCascades) &&
+    options.numberOfCascades !== 1 &&
+    options.numberOfCascades !== 4
+  ) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("Only one or four cascades are supported.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  this._enabled = defaultValue(options.enabled, true);
+  this._softShadows = defaultValue(options.softShadows, false);
+  this._normalOffset = defaultValue(options.normalOffset, true);
+  this.dirty = true;
+
+  /**
+   * Specifies whether the shadow map originates from a light source. Shadow maps that are used for analytical
+   * purposes should set this to false so as not to affect scene rendering.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.fromLightSource = defaultValue(options.fromLightSource, true);
+
+  /**
+   * Determines the darkness of the shadows.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @default 0.3
+   */
+  this.darkness = defaultValue(options.darkness, 0.3);
+  this._darkness = this.darkness;
+
+  /**
+   * Determines whether shadows start to fade out once the light gets closer to the horizon.
+   *
+   * @type {Boolean}
+   * @default true
+   */
+  this.fadingEnabled = defaultValue(options.fadingEnabled, true);
+
+  /**
+   * Determines the maximum distance of the shadow map. Only applicable for cascaded shadows. Larger distances may result in lower quality shadows.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @default 5000.0
+   */
+  this.maximumDistance = defaultValue(options.maximumDistance, 5000.0);
+
+  this._outOfView = false;
+  this._outOfViewPrevious = false;
+  this._needsUpdate = true;
+
+  // In IE11 and Edge polygon offset is not functional.
+  // TODO : Also disabled for instances of Firefox and Chrome running ANGLE that do not support depth textures.
+  // Re-enable once https://github.com/CesiumGS/cesium/issues/4560 is resolved.
+  let polygonOffsetSupported = true;
+  if (
+    FeatureDetection.isInternetExplorer() ||
+    FeatureDetection.isEdge() ||
+    ((FeatureDetection.isChrome() || FeatureDetection.isFirefox()) &&
+     FeatureDetection.isWindows() &&
+     !context.depthTexture)
+  ) {
+    polygonOffsetSupported = false;
+  }
+  this._polygonOffsetSupported = polygonOffsetSupported;
+
+  this._terrainBias = {
+    polygonOffset: polygonOffsetSupported,
+    polygonOffsetFactor: 1.1,
+    polygonOffsetUnits: 4.0,
+    normalOffset: this._normalOffset,
+    normalOffsetScale: 0.5,
+    normalShading: true,
+    normalShadingSmooth: 0.3,
+    depthBias: 0.0001,
+  };
+
+  this._primitiveBias = {
+    polygonOffset: polygonOffsetSupported,
+    polygonOffsetFactor: 1.1,
+    polygonOffsetUnits: 4.0,
+    normalOffset: this._normalOffset,
+    normalOffsetScale: 0.1,
+    normalShading: true,
+    normalShadingSmooth: 0.05,
+    depthBias: 0.00002,
+  };
+
+  this._pointBias = {
+    polygonOffset: false,
+    polygonOffsetFactor: 1.1,
+    polygonOffsetUnits: 4.0,
+    normalOffset: this._normalOffset,
+    normalOffsetScale: 0.0,
+    normalShading: true,
+    normalShadingSmooth: 0.1,
+    depthBias: 0.0005,
+  };
+
+  // Framebuffer resources
+  this._depthAttachment = undefined;
+  this._colorAttachment = undefined;
+
+  // Uniforms
+  this._shadowMapMatrix = new Matrix4();
+  this._shadowMapTexture = undefined;
+  this._lightDirectionEC = new Cartesian3();
+  this._lightPositionEC = new Cartesian4();
+  this._distance = 0.0;
+
+  this._lightCamera = options.lightCamera;
+  this._shadowMapCamera = new ShadowMapCamera();
+  this._shadowMapCullingVolume = undefined;
+  this._sceneCamera = undefined;
+  this._boundingSphere = new BoundingSphere();
+
+  this._isPointLight = defaultValue(options.isPointLight, false);
+  this._pointLightRadius = defaultValue(options.pointLightRadius, 100.0);
+
+  this._cascadesEnabled = this._isPointLight
+                          ? false
+                          : defaultValue(options.cascadesEnabled, true);
+  this._numberOfCascades = !this._cascadesEnabled
+                           ? 0
+                           : defaultValue(options.numberOfCascades, 4);
+  this._fitNearFar = true;
+  this._maximumCascadeDistances = [25.0, 150.0, 700.0, Number.MAX_VALUE];
+
+  this._textureSize = new Cartesian2();
+
+  this._isSpotLight = false;
+  if (this._cascadesEnabled) {
+    // Cascaded shadows are always orthographic. The frustum dimensions are calculated on the fly.
+    this._shadowMapCamera.frustum = new OrthographicOffCenterFrustum();
+  } else if (defined(this._lightCamera.frustum.fov)) {
+    // If the light camera uses a perspective frustum, then the light source is a spot light
+    this._isSpotLight = true;
+  }
+
+  // Uniforms
+  this._cascadeSplits = [new Cartesian4(), new Cartesian4()];
+  this._cascadeMatrices = [
+    new Matrix4(),
+    new Matrix4(),
+    new Matrix4(),
+    new Matrix4(),
+  ];
+  this._cascadeDistances = new Cartesian4();
+
+  let numberOfPasses;
+  if (this._isPointLight) {
+    numberOfPasses = 6; // One shadow map for each direction
+  } else if (!this._cascadesEnabled) {
+    numberOfPasses = 1;
+  } else {
+    numberOfPasses = this._numberOfCascades;
+  }
+
+  this._passes = new Array(numberOfPasses);
+  for (let i = 0; i < numberOfPasses; ++i) {
+    this._passes[i] = new ShadowPass(context);
+  }
+
+  this.debugShow = false;
+  this.debugFreezeFrame = false;
+  this._debugFreezeFrame = false;
+  this._debugCascadeColors = false;
+  this._debugLightFrustum = undefined;
+  this._debugCameraFrustum = undefined;
+  this._debugCascadeFrustums = new Array(this._numberOfCascades);
+  this._debugShadowViewCommand = undefined;
+
+  this._usesDepthTexture = context.depthTexture;
+
+  if (this._isPointLight) {
+    this._usesDepthTexture = false;
+  }
+
+  // Create render states for shadow casters
+  this._primitiveRenderState = undefined;
+  this._terrainRenderState = undefined;
+  this._pointRenderState = undefined;
+  createRenderStates(this);
+
+  // For clearing the shadow map texture every frame
+  this._clearCommand = new ClearCommand({
+    depth: 1.0,
+    color: new Color(),
+  });
+
+  this._clearPassState = new PassState(context);
+
+  this._size = defaultValue(options.size, 2048);
+  this.size = this._size;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Global maximum shadow distance used to prevent far off receivers from extending
+ * the shadow far plane. This helps set a tighter near/far when viewing objects from space.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+ViewshedShadowMap.MAXIMUM_DISTANCE = 20000.0;
+
+function ShadowPass(context) {
+  this.camera = new ShadowMapCamera();
+  this.passState = new PassState(context);
+  this.framebuffer = undefined;
+  this.textureOffsets = undefined;
+  this.commandList = [];
+  this.cullingVolume = undefined;
+}
+
+function createRenderState(colorMask, bias) {
+  return RenderState.fromCache({
+    cull: {
+      enabled: true,
+      face: CullFace.BACK,
+    },
+    depthTest: {
+      enabled: true,
+    },
+    colorMask: {
+      red: colorMask,
+      green: colorMask,
+      blue: colorMask,
+      alpha: colorMask,
+    },
+    depthMask: true,
+    polygonOffset: {
+      enabled: bias.polygonOffset,
+      factor: bias.polygonOffsetFactor,
+      units: bias.polygonOffsetUnits,
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+function createRenderStates(shadowMap) {
+  // Enable the color mask if the shadow map is backed by a color texture, e.g. when depth textures aren't supported
+  const colorMask = !shadowMap._usesDepthTexture;
+  shadowMap._primitiveRenderState = createRenderState(
+    colorMask,
+    shadowMap._primitiveBias
+  );
+  shadowMap._terrainRenderState = createRenderState(
+    colorMask,
+    shadowMap._terrainBias
+  );
+  shadowMap._pointRenderState = createRenderState(
+    colorMask,
+    shadowMap._pointBias
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+ViewshedShadowMap.prototype.debugCreateRenderStates = function () {
+  createRenderStates(this);
+};
+
+Object.defineProperties(ViewshedShadowMap.prototype, {
+  /**
+   * Determines if the shadow map will be shown.
+   *
+   * @memberof ViewshedShadowMap.prototype
+   * @type {Boolean}
+   * @default true
+   */
+  enabled: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._enabled;
+    },
+    set: function (value) {
+      this.dirty = this._enabled !== value;
+      this._enabled = value;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if a normal bias will be applied to shadows.
+   *
+   * @memberof ViewshedShadowMap.prototype
+   * @type {Boolean}
+   * @default true
+   */
+  normalOffset: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._normalOffset;
+    },
+    set: function (value) {
+      this.dirty = this._normalOffset !== value;
+      this._normalOffset = value;
+      this._terrainBias.normalOffset = value;
+      this._primitiveBias.normalOffset = value;
+      this._pointBias.normalOffset = value;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if soft shadows are enabled. Uses pcf filtering which requires more texture reads and may hurt performance.
+   *
+   * @memberof ViewshedShadowMap.prototype
+   * @type {Boolean}
+   * @default false
+   */
+  softShadows: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._softShadows;
+    },
+    set: function (value) {
+      this.dirty = this._softShadows !== value;
+      this._softShadows = value;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * The width and height, in pixels, of each shadow map.
+   *
+   * @memberof ViewshedShadowMap.prototype
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @default 2048
+   */
+  size: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._size;
+    },
+    set: function (value) {
+      resize(this, value);
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the shadow map is out of view of the scene camera.
+   *
+   * @memberof ViewshedShadowMap.prototype
+   * @type {Boolean}
+   * @readonly
+   * @private
+   */
+  outOfView: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._outOfView;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * The culling volume of the shadow frustum.
+   *
+   * @memberof ViewshedShadowMap.prototype
+   * @type {CullingVolume}
+   * @readonly
+   * @private
+   */
+  shadowMapCullingVolume: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._shadowMapCullingVolume;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * The passes used for rendering shadows. Each face of a point light or each cascade for a cascaded shadow map is a separate pass.
+   *
+   * @memberof ViewshedShadowMap.prototype
+   * @type {ShadowPass[]}
+   * @readonly
+   * @private
+   */
+  passes: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._passes;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the light source is a point light.
+   *
+   * @memberof ViewshedShadowMap.prototype
+   * @type {Boolean}
+   * @readonly
+   * @private
+   */
+  isPointLight: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._isPointLight;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Debug option for visualizing the cascades by color.
+   *
+   * @memberof ViewshedShadowMap.prototype
+   * @type {Boolean}
+   * @default false
+   * @private
+   */
+  debugCascadeColors: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._debugCascadeColors;
+    },
+    set: function (value) {
+      this.dirty = this._debugCascadeColors !== value;
+      this._debugCascadeColors = value;
+    },
+  },
+});
+
+function destroyFramebuffer(shadowMap) {
+  const length = shadowMap._passes.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    const pass = shadowMap._passes[i];
+    const framebuffer = pass.framebuffer;
+    if (defined(framebuffer) && !framebuffer.isDestroyed()) {
+      framebuffer.destroy();
+    }
+    pass.framebuffer = undefined;
+  }
+
+  // Destroy the framebuffer attachments
+  shadowMap._depthAttachment =
+    shadowMap._depthAttachment && shadowMap._depthAttachment.destroy();
+  shadowMap._colorAttachment =
+    shadowMap._colorAttachment && shadowMap._colorAttachment.destroy();
+}
+
+function createFramebufferColor(shadowMap, context) {
+  const depthRenderbuffer = new Renderbuffer({
+    context: context,
+    width: shadowMap._textureSize.x,
+    height: shadowMap._textureSize.y,
+    format: RenderbufferFormat.DEPTH_COMPONENT16,
+  });
+
+  const colorTexture = new Texture({
+    context: context,
+    width: shadowMap._textureSize.x,
+    height: shadowMap._textureSize.y,
+    pixelFormat: PixelFormat.RGBA,
+    pixelDatatype: PixelDatatype.UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+    sampler: Sampler.NEAREST,
+  });
+
+  const framebuffer = new Framebuffer({
+    context: context,
+    depthRenderbuffer: depthRenderbuffer,
+    colorTextures: [colorTexture],
+    destroyAttachments: false,
+  });
+
+  const length = shadowMap._passes.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    const pass = shadowMap._passes[i];
+    pass.framebuffer = framebuffer;
+    pass.passState.framebuffer = framebuffer;
+  }
+
+  shadowMap._shadowMapTexture = colorTexture;
+  shadowMap._depthAttachment = depthRenderbuffer;
+  shadowMap._colorAttachment = colorTexture;
+}
+
+function createFramebufferDepth(shadowMap, context) {
+  const depthStencilTexture = new Texture({
+    context: context,
+    width: shadowMap._textureSize.x,
+    height: shadowMap._textureSize.y,
+    pixelFormat: PixelFormat.DEPTH_STENCIL,
+    pixelDatatype: PixelDatatype.UNSIGNED_INT_24_8,
+    sampler: Sampler.NEAREST,
+  });
+
+  const framebuffer = new Framebuffer({
+    context: context,
+    depthStencilTexture: depthStencilTexture,
+    destroyAttachments: false,
+  });
+
+  const length = shadowMap._passes.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    const pass = shadowMap._passes[i];
+    pass.framebuffer = framebuffer;
+    pass.passState.framebuffer = framebuffer;
+  }
+
+  shadowMap._shadowMapTexture = depthStencilTexture;
+  shadowMap._depthAttachment = depthStencilTexture;
+}
+
+function createFramebufferCube(shadowMap, context) {
+  const depthRenderbuffer = new Renderbuffer({
+    context: context,
+    width: shadowMap._textureSize.x,
+    height: shadowMap._textureSize.y,
+    format: RenderbufferFormat.DEPTH_COMPONENT16,
+  });
+
+  const cubeMap = new CubeMap({
+    context: context,
+    width: shadowMap._textureSize.x,
+    height: shadowMap._textureSize.y,
+    pixelFormat: PixelFormat.RGBA,
+    pixelDatatype: PixelDatatype.UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+    sampler: Sampler.NEAREST,
+  });
+
+  const faces = [
+    cubeMap.negativeX,
+    cubeMap.negativeY,
+    cubeMap.negativeZ,
+    cubeMap.positiveX,
+    cubeMap.positiveY,
+    cubeMap.positiveZ,
+  ];
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+    const framebuffer = new Framebuffer({
+      context: context,
+      depthRenderbuffer: depthRenderbuffer,
+      colorTextures: [faces[i]],
+      destroyAttachments: false,
+    });
+    const pass = shadowMap._passes[i];
+    pass.framebuffer = framebuffer;
+    pass.passState.framebuffer = framebuffer;
+  }
+
+  shadowMap._shadowMapTexture = cubeMap;
+  shadowMap._depthAttachment = depthRenderbuffer;
+  shadowMap._colorAttachment = cubeMap;
+}
+
+function createFramebuffer(shadowMap, context) {
+  if (shadowMap._isPointLight) {
+    createFramebufferCube(shadowMap, context);
+  } else if (shadowMap._usesDepthTexture) {
+    createFramebufferDepth(shadowMap, context);
+  } else {
+    createFramebufferColor(shadowMap, context);
+  }
+}
+
+function checkFramebuffer(shadowMap, context) {
+  // Attempt to make an FBO with only a depth texture. If it fails, fallback to a color texture.
+  if (
+    shadowMap._usesDepthTexture &&
+    shadowMap._passes[0].framebuffer.status !==
+    WebGLConstants.FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE
+  ) {
+    shadowMap._usesDepthTexture = false;
+    createRenderStates(shadowMap);
+    destroyFramebuffer(shadowMap);
+    createFramebuffer(shadowMap, context);
+  }
+}
+
+function updateFramebuffer(shadowMap, context) {
+  if (
+    !defined(shadowMap._passes[0].framebuffer) ||
+    shadowMap._shadowMapTexture.width !== shadowMap._textureSize.x
+  ) {
+    destroyFramebuffer(shadowMap);
+    createFramebuffer(shadowMap, context);
+    checkFramebuffer(shadowMap, context);
+    clearFramebuffer(shadowMap, context);
+  }
+}
+
+function clearFramebuffer(shadowMap, context, shadowPass) {
+  shadowPass = defaultValue(shadowPass, 0);
+  if (shadowMap._isPointLight || shadowPass === 0) {
+    shadowMap._clearCommand.framebuffer =
+      shadowMap._passes[shadowPass].framebuffer;
+    shadowMap._clearCommand.execute(context, shadowMap._clearPassState);
+  }
+}
+
+function resize(shadowMap, size) {
+  shadowMap._size = size;
+  const passes = shadowMap._passes;
+  const numberOfPasses = passes.length;
+  const textureSize = shadowMap._textureSize;
+
+  if (shadowMap._isPointLight) {
+    size =
+      ContextLimits.maximumCubeMapSize >= size
+      ? size
+      : ContextLimits.maximumCubeMapSize;
+    textureSize.x = size;
+    textureSize.y = size;
+    const faceViewport = new BoundingRectangle(0, 0, size, size);
+    passes[0].passState.viewport = faceViewport;
+    passes[1].passState.viewport = faceViewport;
+    passes[2].passState.viewport = faceViewport;
+    passes[3].passState.viewport = faceViewport;
+    passes[4].passState.viewport = faceViewport;
+    passes[5].passState.viewport = faceViewport;
+  } else if (numberOfPasses === 1) {
+    // +----+
+    // |  1 |
+    // +----+
+    size =
+      ContextLimits.maximumTextureSize >= size
+      ? size
+      : ContextLimits.maximumTextureSize;
+    textureSize.x = size;
+    textureSize.y = size;
+    passes[0].passState.viewport = new BoundingRectangle(0, 0, size, size);
+  } else if (numberOfPasses === 4) {
+    // +----+----+
+    // |  3 |  4 |
+    // +----+----+
+    // |  1 |  2 |
+    // +----+----+
+    size =
+      ContextLimits.maximumTextureSize >= size * 2
+      ? size
+      : ContextLimits.maximumTextureSize / 2;
+    textureSize.x = size * 2;
+    textureSize.y = size * 2;
+    passes[0].passState.viewport = new BoundingRectangle(0, 0, size, size);
+    passes[1].passState.viewport = new BoundingRectangle(size, 0, size, size);
+    passes[2].passState.viewport = new BoundingRectangle(0, size, size, size);
+    passes[3].passState.viewport = new BoundingRectangle(
+      size,
+      size,
+      size,
+      size
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Update clear pass state
+  shadowMap._clearPassState.viewport = new BoundingRectangle(
+    0,
+    0,
+    textureSize.x,
+    textureSize.y
+  );
+
+  // Transforms shadow coordinates [0, 1] into the pass's region of the texture
+  for (let i = 0; i < numberOfPasses; ++i) {
+    const pass = passes[i];
+    const viewport = pass.passState.viewport;
+    const biasX = viewport.x / textureSize.x;
+    const biasY = viewport.y / textureSize.y;
+    const scaleX = viewport.width / textureSize.x;
+    const scaleY = viewport.height / textureSize.y;
+    pass.textureOffsets = new Matrix4(
+      scaleX,
+      0.0,
+      0.0,
+      biasX,
+      0.0,
+      scaleY,
+      0.0,
+      biasY,
+      0.0,
+      0.0,
+      1.0,
+      0.0,
+      0.0,
+      0.0,
+      0.0,
+      1.0
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+const scratchViewport = new BoundingRectangle();
+
+function createDebugShadowViewCommand(shadowMap, context) {
+  let fs;
+  if (shadowMap._isPointLight) {
+    fs =
+      "uniform samplerCube shadowMap_textureCube; \n" +
+      "varying vec2 v_textureCoordinates; \n" +
+      "void main() \n" +
+      "{ \n" +
+      "    vec2 uv = v_textureCoordinates; \n" +
+      "    vec3 dir; \n" +
+      " \n" +
+      "    if (uv.y < 0.5) \n" +
+      "    { \n" +
+      "        if (uv.x < 0.333) \n" +
+      "        { \n" +
+      "            dir.x = -1.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.y = uv.x * 6.0 - 1.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.z = uv.y * 4.0 - 1.0; \n" +
+      "        } \n" +
+      "        else if (uv.x < 0.666) \n" +
+      "        { \n" +
+      "            dir.y = -1.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.x = uv.x * 6.0 - 3.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.z = uv.y * 4.0 - 1.0; \n" +
+      "        } \n" +
+      "        else \n" +
+      "        { \n" +
+      "            dir.z = -1.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.x = uv.x * 6.0 - 5.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.y = uv.y * 4.0 - 1.0; \n" +
+      "        } \n" +
+      "    } \n" +
+      "    else \n" +
+      "    { \n" +
+      "        if (uv.x < 0.333) \n" +
+      "        { \n" +
+      "            dir.x = 1.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.y = uv.x * 6.0 - 1.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.z = uv.y * 4.0 - 3.0; \n" +
+      "        } \n" +
+      "        else if (uv.x < 0.666) \n" +
+      "        { \n" +
+      "            dir.y = 1.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.x = uv.x * 6.0 - 3.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.z = uv.y * 4.0 - 3.0; \n" +
+      "        } \n" +
+      "        else \n" +
+      "        { \n" +
+      "            dir.z = 1.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.x = uv.x * 6.0 - 5.0; \n" +
+      "            dir.y = uv.y * 4.0 - 3.0; \n" +
+      "        } \n" +
+      "    } \n" +
+      " \n" +
+      "    float shadow = czm_unpackDepth(textureCube(shadowMap_textureCube, dir)); \n" +
+      "    gl_FragColor = vec4(vec3(shadow), 1.0); \n" +
+      "} \n";
+  } else {
+    fs =
+      `${
+      "uniform sampler2D shadowMap_texture; \n" +
+      "varying vec2 v_textureCoordinates; \n" +
+      "void main() \n" +
+      "{ \n"
+      }${
+        shadowMap._usesDepthTexture
+        ? "    float shadow = texture2D(shadowMap_texture, v_textureCoordinates).r; \n"
+        : "    float shadow = czm_unpackDepth(texture2D(shadowMap_texture, v_textureCoordinates)); \n"
+      }    gl_FragColor = vec4(vec3(shadow), 1.0); \n` + `} \n`;
+  }
+
+  const drawCommand = context.createViewportQuadCommand(fs, {
+    uniformMap: {
+      shadowMap_texture: function () {
+        return shadowMap._shadowMapTexture;
+      },
+      shadowMap_textureCube: function () {
+        return shadowMap._shadowMapTexture;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  drawCommand.pass = Pass.OVERLAY;
+  return drawCommand;
+}
+
+function updateDebugShadowViewCommand(shadowMap, frameState) {
+  // Draws the shadow map on the bottom-right corner of the screen
+  const context = frameState.context;
+  const screenWidth = frameState.context.drawingBufferWidth;
+  const screenHeight = frameState.context.drawingBufferHeight;
+  const size = Math.min(screenWidth, screenHeight) * 0.3;
+
+  const viewport = scratchViewport;
+  viewport.x = screenWidth - size;
+  viewport.y = 0;
+  viewport.width = size;
+  viewport.height = size;
+
+  let debugCommand = shadowMap._debugShadowViewCommand;
+  if (!defined(debugCommand)) {
+    debugCommand = createDebugShadowViewCommand(shadowMap, context);
+    shadowMap._debugShadowViewCommand = debugCommand;
+  }
+
+  // Get a new RenderState for the updated viewport size
+  if (
+    !defined(debugCommand.renderState) ||
+    !BoundingRectangle.equals(debugCommand.renderState.viewport, viewport)
+  ) {
+    debugCommand.renderState = RenderState.fromCache({
+      viewport: BoundingRectangle.clone(viewport),
+    });
+  }
+
+  frameState.commandList.push(shadowMap._debugShadowViewCommand);
+}
+
+const frustumCornersNDC = new Array(8);
+frustumCornersNDC[0] = new Cartesian4(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 1.0);
+frustumCornersNDC[1] = new Cartesian4(1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 1.0);
+frustumCornersNDC[2] = new Cartesian4(1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0);
+frustumCornersNDC[3] = new Cartesian4(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0);
+frustumCornersNDC[4] = new Cartesian4(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+frustumCornersNDC[5] = new Cartesian4(1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+frustumCornersNDC[6] = new Cartesian4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+frustumCornersNDC[7] = new Cartesian4(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+
+const scratchMatrix = new Matrix4();
+const scratchFrustumCorners = new Array(8);
+for (let i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+  scratchFrustumCorners[i] = new Cartesian4();
+}
+
+function createDebugPointLight(modelMatrix, color) {
+  const box = new GeometryInstance({
+    geometry: new BoxOutlineGeometry({
+      minimum: new Cartesian3(-0.5, -0.5, -0.5),
+      maximum: new Cartesian3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5),
+    }),
+    attributes: {
+      color: ColorGeometryInstanceAttribute.fromColor(color),
+    },
+  });
+
+  const sphere = new GeometryInstance({
+    geometry: new SphereOutlineGeometry({
+      radius: 0.5,
+    }),
+    attributes: {
+      color: ColorGeometryInstanceAttribute.fromColor(color),
+    },
+  });
+
+  return new Primitive({
+    geometryInstances: [box, sphere],
+    appearance: new PerInstanceColorAppearance({
+      translucent: false,
+      flat: true,
+    }),
+    asynchronous: false,
+    modelMatrix: modelMatrix,
+  });
+}
+
+const debugOutlineColors = [Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE, Color.MAGENTA];
+const scratchScale = new Cartesian3();
+
+function applyDebugSettings(shadowMap, frameState) {
+  updateDebugShadowViewCommand(shadowMap, frameState);
+
+  const enterFreezeFrame =
+    shadowMap.debugFreezeFrame && !shadowMap._debugFreezeFrame;
+  shadowMap._debugFreezeFrame = shadowMap.debugFreezeFrame;
+
+  // Draw scene camera in freeze frame mode
+  if (shadowMap.debugFreezeFrame) {
+    if (enterFreezeFrame) {
+      // Recreate debug camera when entering freeze frame mode
+      shadowMap._debugCameraFrustum =
+        shadowMap._debugCameraFrustum &&
+        shadowMap._debugCameraFrustum.destroy();
+      shadowMap._debugCameraFrustum = new DebugCameraPrimitive({
+        camera: shadowMap._sceneCamera,
+        color: Color.CYAN,
+        updateOnChange: false,
+      });
+    }
+    shadowMap._debugCameraFrustum.update(frameState);
+  }
+
+  if (shadowMap._cascadesEnabled) {
+    // Draw cascades only in freeze frame mode
+    if (shadowMap.debugFreezeFrame) {
+      if (enterFreezeFrame) {
+        // Recreate debug frustum when entering freeze frame mode
+        shadowMap._debugLightFrustum =
+          shadowMap._debugLightFrustum &&
+          shadowMap._debugLightFrustum.destroy();
+        shadowMap._debugLightFrustum = new DebugCameraPrimitive({
+          camera: shadowMap._shadowMapCamera,
+          color: Color.YELLOW,
+          updateOnChange: false,
+        });
+      }
+      shadowMap._debugLightFrustum.update(frameState);
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < shadowMap._numberOfCascades; ++i) {
+        if (enterFreezeFrame) {
+          // Recreate debug frustum when entering freeze frame mode
+          shadowMap._debugCascadeFrustums[i] =
+            shadowMap._debugCascadeFrustums[i] &&
+            shadowMap._debugCascadeFrustums[i].destroy();
+          shadowMap._debugCascadeFrustums[i] = new DebugCameraPrimitive({
+            camera: shadowMap._passes[i].camera,
+            color: debugOutlineColors[i],
+            updateOnChange: false,
+          });
+        }
+        shadowMap._debugCascadeFrustums[i].update(frameState);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (shadowMap._isPointLight) {
+    if (!defined(shadowMap._debugLightFrustum) || shadowMap._needsUpdate) {
+      const translation = shadowMap._shadowMapCamera.positionWC;
+      const rotation = Quaternion.IDENTITY;
+      const uniformScale = shadowMap._pointLightRadius * 2.0;
+      const scale = Cartesian3.fromElements(
+        uniformScale,
+        uniformScale,
+        uniformScale,
+        scratchScale
+      );
+      const modelMatrix = Matrix4.fromTranslationQuaternionRotationScale(
+        translation,
+        rotation,
+        scale,
+        scratchMatrix
+      );
+
+      shadowMap._debugLightFrustum =
+        shadowMap._debugLightFrustum && shadowMap._debugLightFrustum.destroy();
+      shadowMap._debugLightFrustum = createDebugPointLight(
+        modelMatrix,
+        Color.YELLOW
+      );
+    }
+    shadowMap._debugLightFrustum.update(frameState);
+  } else {
+    if (!defined(shadowMap._debugLightFrustum) || shadowMap._needsUpdate) {
+      shadowMap._debugLightFrustum = new DebugCameraPrimitive({
+        camera: shadowMap._shadowMapCamera,
+        color: Color.YELLOW,
+        updateOnChange: false,
+      });
+    }
+    shadowMap._debugLightFrustum.update(frameState);
+  }
+}
+
+function ShadowMapCamera() {
+  this.viewMatrix = new Matrix4();
+  this.inverseViewMatrix = new Matrix4();
+  this.frustum = undefined;
+  this.positionCartographic = new Cartographic();
+  this.positionWC = new Cartesian3();
+  this.directionWC = Cartesian3.clone(Cartesian3.UNIT_Z);
+  this.upWC = Cartesian3.clone(Cartesian3.UNIT_Y);
+  this.rightWC = Cartesian3.clone(Cartesian3.UNIT_X);
+  this.viewProjectionMatrix = new Matrix4();
+}
+
+ShadowMapCamera.prototype.clone = function (camera) {
+  Matrix4.clone(camera.viewMatrix, this.viewMatrix);
+  Matrix4.clone(camera.inverseViewMatrix, this.inverseViewMatrix);
+  this.frustum = camera.frustum.clone(this.frustum);
+  Cartographic.clone(camera.positionCartographic, this.positionCartographic);
+  Cartesian3.clone(camera.positionWC, this.positionWC);
+  Cartesian3.clone(camera.directionWC, this.directionWC);
+  Cartesian3.clone(camera.upWC, this.upWC);
+  Cartesian3.clone(camera.rightWC, this.rightWC);
+};
+
+// Converts from NDC space to texture space
+const scaleBiasMatrix = new Matrix4(
+  0.5,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  0.5,
+  0.0,
+  0.5,
+  0.0,
+  0.5,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  0.5,
+  0.5,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  1.0
+);
+
+ShadowMapCamera.prototype.getViewProjection = function () {
+  const view = this.viewMatrix;
+  const projection = this.frustum.projectionMatrix;
+  Matrix4.multiply(projection, view, this.viewProjectionMatrix);
+  Matrix4.multiply(
+    scaleBiasMatrix,
+    this.viewProjectionMatrix,
+    this.viewProjectionMatrix
+  );
+  return this.viewProjectionMatrix;
+};
+
+const scratchSplits = new Array(5);
+const scratchFrustum = new PerspectiveFrustum();
+const scratchCascadeDistances = new Array(4);
+const scratchMin = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchMax = new Cartesian3();
+
+function computeCascades(shadowMap, frameState) {
+  const shadowMapCamera = shadowMap._shadowMapCamera;
+  const sceneCamera = shadowMap._sceneCamera;
+  const cameraNear = sceneCamera.frustum.near;
+  const cameraFar = sceneCamera.frustum.far;
+  const numberOfCascades = shadowMap._numberOfCascades;
+
+  // Split cascades. Use a mix of linear and log splits.
+  let i;
+  const range = cameraFar - cameraNear;
+  const ratio = cameraFar / cameraNear;
+
+  let lambda = 0.9;
+  let clampCascadeDistances = false;
+
+  // When the camera is close to a relatively small model, provide more detail in the closer cascades.
+  // If the camera is near or inside a large model, such as the root tile of a city, then use the default values.
+  // To get the most accurate cascade splits we would need to find the min and max values from the depth texture.
+  if (frameState.shadowState.closestObjectSize < 200.0) {
+    clampCascadeDistances = true;
+    lambda = 0.9;
+  }
+
+  const cascadeDistances = scratchCascadeDistances;
+  const splits = scratchSplits;
+  splits[0] = cameraNear;
+  splits[numberOfCascades] = cameraFar;
+
+  // Find initial splits
+  for (i = 0; i < numberOfCascades; ++i) {
+    const p = (i + 1) / numberOfCascades;
+    const logScale = cameraNear * Math.pow(ratio, p);
+    const uniformScale = cameraNear + range * p;
+    const split = CesiumMath.lerp(uniformScale, logScale, lambda);
+    splits[i + 1] = split;
+    cascadeDistances[i] = split - splits[i];
+  }
+
+  if (clampCascadeDistances) {
+    // Clamp each cascade to its maximum distance
+    for (i = 0; i < numberOfCascades; ++i) {
+      cascadeDistances[i] = Math.min(
+        cascadeDistances[i],
+        shadowMap._maximumCascadeDistances[i]
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Recompute splits
+    let distance = splits[0];
+    for (i = 0; i < numberOfCascades - 1; ++i) {
+      distance += cascadeDistances[i];
+      splits[i + 1] = distance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Cartesian4.unpack(splits, 0, shadowMap._cascadeSplits[0]);
+  Cartesian4.unpack(splits, 1, shadowMap._cascadeSplits[1]);
+  Cartesian4.unpack(cascadeDistances, 0, shadowMap._cascadeDistances);
+
+  const shadowFrustum = shadowMapCamera.frustum;
+  const left = shadowFrustum.left;
+  const right = shadowFrustum.right;
+  const bottom = shadowFrustum.bottom;
+  const top = shadowFrustum.top;
+  const near = shadowFrustum.near;
+  const far = shadowFrustum.far;
+
+  const position = shadowMapCamera.positionWC;
+  const direction = shadowMapCamera.directionWC;
+  const up = shadowMapCamera.upWC;
+
+  const cascadeSubFrustum = sceneCamera.frustum.clone(scratchFrustum);
+  const shadowViewProjection = shadowMapCamera.getViewProjection();
+
+  for (i = 0; i < numberOfCascades; ++i) {
+    // Find the bounding box of the camera sub-frustum in shadow map texture space
+    cascadeSubFrustum.near = splits[i];
+    cascadeSubFrustum.far = splits[i + 1];
+    const viewProjection = Matrix4.multiply(
+      cascadeSubFrustum.projectionMatrix,
+      sceneCamera.viewMatrix,
+      scratchMatrix
+    );
+    const inverseViewProjection = Matrix4.inverse(
+      viewProjection,
+      scratchMatrix
+    );
+    const shadowMapMatrix = Matrix4.multiply(
+      shadowViewProjection,
+      inverseViewProjection,
+      scratchMatrix
+    );
+
+    // Project each corner from camera NDC space to shadow map texture space. Min and max will be from 0 to 1.
+    const min = Cartesian3.fromElements(
+      Number.MAX_VALUE,
+      Number.MAX_VALUE,
+      Number.MAX_VALUE,
+      scratchMin
+    );
+    const max = Cartesian3.fromElements(
+      -Number.MAX_VALUE,
+      -Number.MAX_VALUE,
+      -Number.MAX_VALUE,
+      scratchMax
+    );
+
+    for (let k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
+      const corner = Cartesian4.clone(
+        frustumCornersNDC[k],
+        scratchFrustumCorners[k]
+      );
+      Matrix4.multiplyByVector(shadowMapMatrix, corner, corner);
+      Cartesian3.divideByScalar(corner, corner.w, corner); // Handle the perspective divide
+      Cartesian3.minimumByComponent(corner, min, min);
+      Cartesian3.maximumByComponent(corner, max, max);
+    }
+
+    // Limit light-space coordinates to the [0, 1] range
+    min.x = Math.max(min.x, 0.0);
+    min.y = Math.max(min.y, 0.0);
+    min.z = 0.0; // Always start cascade frustum at the top of the light frustum to capture objects in the light's path
+    max.x = Math.min(max.x, 1.0);
+    max.y = Math.min(max.y, 1.0);
+    max.z = Math.min(max.z, 1.0);
+
+    const pass = shadowMap._passes[i];
+    const cascadeCamera = pass.camera;
+    cascadeCamera.clone(shadowMapCamera); // PERFORMANCE_IDEA : could do a shallow clone for all properties except the frustum
+
+    const frustum = cascadeCamera.frustum;
+    frustum.left = left + min.x * (right - left);
+    frustum.right = left + max.x * (right - left);
+    frustum.bottom = bottom + min.y * (top - bottom);
+    frustum.top = bottom + max.y * (top - bottom);
+    frustum.near = near + min.z * (far - near);
+    frustum.far = near + max.z * (far - near);
+
+    pass.cullingVolume = cascadeCamera.frustum.computeCullingVolume(
+      position,
+      direction,
+      up
+    );
+
+    // Transforms from eye space to the cascade's texture space
+    const cascadeMatrix = shadowMap._cascadeMatrices[i];
+    Matrix4.multiply(
+      cascadeCamera.getViewProjection(),
+      sceneCamera.inverseViewMatrix,
+      cascadeMatrix
+    );
+    Matrix4.multiply(pass.textureOffsets, cascadeMatrix, cascadeMatrix);
+  }
+}
+
+const scratchLightView = new Matrix4();
+const scratchRight = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchUp = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchTranslation = new Cartesian3();
+
+function fitShadowMapToScene(shadowMap, frameState) {
+  const shadowMapCamera = shadowMap._shadowMapCamera;
+  const sceneCamera = shadowMap._sceneCamera;
+
+  // 1. First find a tight bounding box in light space that contains the entire camera frustum.
+  const viewProjection = Matrix4.multiply(
+    sceneCamera.frustum.projectionMatrix,
+    sceneCamera.viewMatrix,
+    scratchMatrix
+  );
+  const inverseViewProjection = Matrix4.inverse(viewProjection, scratchMatrix);
+
+  // Start to construct the light view matrix. Set translation later once the bounding box is found.
+  const lightDir = shadowMapCamera.directionWC;
+  let lightUp = sceneCamera.directionWC; // Align shadows to the camera view.
+  if (Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon(lightDir, lightUp, CesiumMath.EPSILON10)) {
+    lightUp = sceneCamera.upWC;
+  }
+  const lightRight = Cartesian3.cross(lightDir, lightUp, scratchRight);
+  lightUp = Cartesian3.cross(lightRight, lightDir, scratchUp); // Recalculate up now that right is derived
+  Cartesian3.normalize(lightUp, lightUp);
+  Cartesian3.normalize(lightRight, lightRight);
+  const lightPosition = Cartesian3.fromElements(
+    0.0,
+    0.0,
+    0.0,
+    scratchTranslation
+  );
+
+  let lightView = Matrix4.computeView(
+    lightPosition,
+    lightDir,
+    lightUp,
+    lightRight,
+    scratchLightView
+  );
+  const cameraToLight = Matrix4.multiply(
+    lightView,
+    inverseViewProjection,
+    scratchMatrix
+  );
+
+  // Project each corner from NDC space to light view space, and calculate a min and max in light view space
+  const min = Cartesian3.fromElements(
+    Number.MAX_VALUE,
+    Number.MAX_VALUE,
+    Number.MAX_VALUE,
+    scratchMin
+  );
+  const max = Cartesian3.fromElements(
+    -Number.MAX_VALUE,
+    -Number.MAX_VALUE,
+    -Number.MAX_VALUE,
+    scratchMax
+  );
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+    const corner = Cartesian4.clone(
+      frustumCornersNDC[i],
+      scratchFrustumCorners[i]
+    );
+    Matrix4.multiplyByVector(cameraToLight, corner, corner);
+    Cartesian3.divideByScalar(corner, corner.w, corner); // Handle the perspective divide
+    Cartesian3.minimumByComponent(corner, min, min);
+    Cartesian3.maximumByComponent(corner, max, max);
+  }
+
+  // 2. Set bounding box back to include objects in the light's view
+  max.z += 1000.0; // Note: in light space, a positive number is behind the camera
+  min.z -= 10.0; // Extend the shadow volume forward slightly to avoid problems right at the edge
+
+  // 3. Adjust light view matrix so that it is centered on the bounding volume
+  const translation = scratchTranslation;
+  translation.x = -(0.5 * (min.x + max.x));
+  translation.y = -(0.5 * (min.y + max.y));
+  translation.z = -max.z;
+
+  const translationMatrix = Matrix4.fromTranslation(translation, scratchMatrix);
+  lightView = Matrix4.multiply(translationMatrix, lightView, lightView);
+
+  // 4. Create an orthographic frustum that covers the bounding box extents
+  const halfWidth = 0.5 * (max.x - min.x);
+  const halfHeight = 0.5 * (max.y - min.y);
+  const depth = max.z - min.z;
+
+  const frustum = shadowMapCamera.frustum;
+  frustum.left = -halfWidth;
+  frustum.right = halfWidth;
+  frustum.bottom = -halfHeight;
+  frustum.top = halfHeight;
+  frustum.near = 0.01;
+  frustum.far = depth;
+
+  // 5. Update the shadow map camera
+  Matrix4.clone(lightView, shadowMapCamera.viewMatrix);
+  Matrix4.inverse(lightView, shadowMapCamera.inverseViewMatrix);
+  Matrix4.getTranslation(
+    shadowMapCamera.inverseViewMatrix,
+    shadowMapCamera.positionWC
+  );
+  frameState.mapProjection.ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(
+    shadowMapCamera.positionWC,
+    shadowMapCamera.positionCartographic
+  );
+  Cartesian3.clone(lightDir, shadowMapCamera.directionWC);
+  Cartesian3.clone(lightUp, shadowMapCamera.upWC);
+  Cartesian3.clone(lightRight, shadowMapCamera.rightWC);
+}
+
+const directions = [
+  new Cartesian3(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, -1.0, 0.0),
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0),
+  new Cartesian3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+];
+
+const ups = [
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, -1.0, 0.0),
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0),
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, -1.0, 0.0),
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, -1.0, 0.0),
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, -1.0, 0.0),
+];
+
+const rights = [
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+  new Cartesian3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+  new Cartesian3(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+  new Cartesian3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0),
+  new Cartesian3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+  new Cartesian3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+];
+
+function computeOmnidirectional(shadowMap, frameState) {
+  // All sides share the same frustum
+  const frustum = new PerspectiveFrustum();
+  frustum.fov = CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+  frustum.near = 1.0;
+  frustum.far = shadowMap._pointLightRadius;
+  frustum.aspectRatio = 1.0;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+    const camera = shadowMap._passes[i].camera;
+    camera.positionWC = shadowMap._shadowMapCamera.positionWC;
+    camera.positionCartographic = frameState.mapProjection.ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(
+      camera.positionWC,
+      camera.positionCartographic
+    );
+    camera.directionWC = directions[i];
+    camera.upWC = ups[i];
+    camera.rightWC = rights[i];
+
+    Matrix4.computeView(
+      camera.positionWC,
+      camera.directionWC,
+      camera.upWC,
+      camera.rightWC,
+      camera.viewMatrix
+    );
+    Matrix4.inverse(camera.viewMatrix, camera.inverseViewMatrix);
+
+    camera.frustum = frustum;
+  }
+}
+
+const scratchCartesian1 = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchCartesian2 = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchBoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere();
+const scratchCenter = scratchBoundingSphere.center;
+
+function checkVisibility(shadowMap, frameState) {
+  const sceneCamera = shadowMap._sceneCamera;
+  const shadowMapCamera = shadowMap._shadowMapCamera;
+
+  const boundingSphere = scratchBoundingSphere;
+
+  // Check whether the shadow map is in view and needs to be updated
+  if (shadowMap._cascadesEnabled) {
+    // If the nearest shadow receiver is further than the shadow map's maximum distance then the shadow map is out of view.
+    if (sceneCamera.frustum.near >= shadowMap.maximumDistance) {
+      shadowMap._outOfView = true;
+      shadowMap._needsUpdate = false;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If the light source is below the horizon then the shadow map is out of view
+    const surfaceNormal = frameState.mapProjection.ellipsoid.geodeticSurfaceNormal(
+      sceneCamera.positionWC,
+      scratchCartesian1
+    );
+    const lightDirection = Cartesian3.negate(
+      shadowMapCamera.directionWC,
+      scratchCartesian2
+    );
+    const dot = Cartesian3.dot(surfaceNormal, lightDirection);
+    if (shadowMap.fadingEnabled) {
+      // Shadows start to fade out once the light gets closer to the horizon.
+      // At this point the globe uses vertex lighting alone to darken the surface.
+      const darknessAmount = CesiumMath.clamp(dot / 0.1, 0.0, 1.0);
+      shadowMap._darkness = CesiumMath.lerp(
+        1.0,
+        shadowMap.darkness,
+        darknessAmount
+      );
+    } else {
+      shadowMap._darkness = shadowMap.darkness;
+    }
+
+    if (dot < 0.0) {
+      shadowMap._outOfView = true;
+      shadowMap._needsUpdate = false;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // By default cascaded shadows need to update and are always in view
+    shadowMap._needsUpdate = true;
+    shadowMap._outOfView = false;
+  } else if (shadowMap._isPointLight) {
+    // Sphere-frustum intersection test
+    boundingSphere.center = shadowMapCamera.positionWC;
+    boundingSphere.radius = shadowMap._pointLightRadius;
+    shadowMap._outOfView =
+      frameState.cullingVolume.computeVisibility(boundingSphere) ===
+      Intersect.OUTSIDE;
+    shadowMap._needsUpdate =
+      !shadowMap._outOfView &&
+      !shadowMap._boundingSphere.equals(boundingSphere);
+    BoundingSphere.clone(boundingSphere, shadowMap._boundingSphere);
+  } else {
+    // Simplify frustum-frustum intersection test as a sphere-frustum test
+    const frustumRadius = shadowMapCamera.frustum.far / 2.0;
+    const frustumCenter = Cartesian3.add(
+      shadowMapCamera.positionWC,
+      Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+        shadowMapCamera.directionWC,
+        frustumRadius,
+        scratchCenter
+      ),
+      scratchCenter
+    );
+    boundingSphere.center = frustumCenter;
+    boundingSphere.radius = frustumRadius;
+    shadowMap._outOfView =
+      frameState.cullingVolume.computeVisibility(boundingSphere) ===
+      Intersect.OUTSIDE;
+    shadowMap._needsUpdate =
+      !shadowMap._outOfView &&
+      !shadowMap._boundingSphere.equals(boundingSphere);
+    BoundingSphere.clone(boundingSphere, shadowMap._boundingSphere);
+  }
+}
+
+function updateCameras(shadowMap, frameState) {
+  const camera = frameState.camera; // The actual camera in the scene
+  const lightCamera = shadowMap._lightCamera; // The external camera representing the light source
+  const sceneCamera = shadowMap._sceneCamera; // Clone of camera, with clamped near and far planes
+  const shadowMapCamera = shadowMap._shadowMapCamera; // Camera representing the shadow volume, initially cloned from lightCamera
+
+  // Clone light camera into the shadow map camera
+  if (shadowMap._cascadesEnabled) {
+    Cartesian3.clone(lightCamera.directionWC, shadowMapCamera.directionWC);
+  } else if (shadowMap._isPointLight) {
+    Cartesian3.clone(lightCamera.positionWC, shadowMapCamera.positionWC);
+  } else {
+    shadowMapCamera.clone(lightCamera);
+  }
+
+  // Get the light direction in eye coordinates
+  const lightDirection = shadowMap._lightDirectionEC;
+  Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(
+    camera.viewMatrix,
+    shadowMapCamera.directionWC,
+    lightDirection
+  );
+  Cartesian3.normalize(lightDirection, lightDirection);
+  Cartesian3.negate(lightDirection, lightDirection);
+
+  // Get the light position in eye coordinates
+  Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(
+    camera.viewMatrix,
+    shadowMapCamera.positionWC,
+    shadowMap._lightPositionEC
+  );
+  shadowMap._lightPositionEC.w = shadowMap._pointLightRadius;
+
+  // Get the near and far of the scene camera
+  let near;
+  let far;
+  if (shadowMap._fitNearFar) {
+    // shadowFar can be very large, so limit to shadowMap.maximumDistance
+    // Push the far plane slightly further than the near plane to avoid degenerate frustum
+    near = Math.min(
+      frameState.shadowState.nearPlane,
+      shadowMap.maximumDistance
+    );
+    far = Math.min(frameState.shadowState.farPlane, shadowMap.maximumDistance);
+    far = Math.max(far, near + 1.0);
+  } else {
+    near = camera.frustum.near;
+    far = shadowMap.maximumDistance;
+  }
+
+  shadowMap._sceneCamera = Camera.clone(camera, sceneCamera);
+  camera.frustum.clone(shadowMap._sceneCamera.frustum);
+  shadowMap._sceneCamera.frustum.near = near;
+  shadowMap._sceneCamera.frustum.far = far;
+  shadowMap._distance = far - near;
+
+  checkVisibility(shadowMap, frameState);
+
+  if (!shadowMap._outOfViewPrevious && shadowMap._outOfView) {
+    shadowMap._needsUpdate = true;
+  }
+  shadowMap._outOfViewPrevious = shadowMap._outOfView;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+ViewshedShadowMap.prototype.update = function (frameState) {
+  updateCameras(this, frameState);
+
+  if (this._needsUpdate) {
+    updateFramebuffer(this, frameState.context);
+
+    if (this._isPointLight) {
+      computeOmnidirectional(this, frameState);
+    }
+
+    if (this._cascadesEnabled) {
+      fitShadowMapToScene(this, frameState);
+
+      if (this._numberOfCascades > 1) {
+        computeCascades(this, frameState);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!this._isPointLight) {
+      // Compute the culling volume
+      const shadowMapCamera = this._shadowMapCamera;
+      const position = shadowMapCamera.positionWC;
+      const direction = shadowMapCamera.directionWC;
+      const up = shadowMapCamera.upWC;
+      this._shadowMapCullingVolume = shadowMapCamera.frustum.computeCullingVolume(
+        position,
+        direction,
+        up
+      );
+
+      if (this._passes.length === 1) {
+        // Since there is only one pass, use the shadow map camera as the pass camera.
+        this._passes[0].camera.clone(shadowMapCamera);
+      }
+    } else {
+      this._shadowMapCullingVolume = CullingVolume.fromBoundingSphere(
+        this._boundingSphere
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this._passes.length === 1) {
+    // Transforms from eye space to shadow texture space.
+    // Always requires an update since the scene camera constantly changes.
+    const inverseView = this._sceneCamera.inverseViewMatrix;
+    Matrix4.multiply(
+      this._shadowMapCamera.getViewProjection(),
+      inverseView,
+      this._shadowMapMatrix
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (this.debugShow) {
+    applyDebugSettings(this, frameState);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+ViewshedShadowMap.prototype.updatePass = function (context, shadowPass) {
+  clearFramebuffer(this, context, shadowPass);
+};
+
+const scratchTexelStepSize = new Cartesian2();
+
+function combineUniforms(shadowMap, uniforms, isTerrain) {
+  const bias = shadowMap._isPointLight
+               ? shadowMap._pointBias
+               : isTerrain
+                 ? shadowMap._terrainBias
+                 : shadowMap._primitiveBias;
+
+  const mapUniforms = {
+    shadowMap_texture: function () {
+      return shadowMap._shadowMapTexture;
+    },
+    shadowMap_textureCube: function () {
+      return shadowMap._shadowMapTexture;
+    },
+    shadowMap_matrix: function () {
+      return shadowMap._shadowMapMatrix;
+    },
+    shadowMap_cascadeSplits: function () {
+      return shadowMap._cascadeSplits;
+    },
+    shadowMap_cascadeMatrices: function () {
+      return shadowMap._cascadeMatrices;
+    },
+    shadowMap_lightDirectionEC: function () {
+      return shadowMap._lightDirectionEC;
+    },
+    shadowMap_lightPositionEC: function () {
+      return shadowMap._lightPositionEC;
+    },
+    shadowMap_cascadeDistances: function () {
+      return shadowMap._cascadeDistances;
+    },
+    shadowMap_texelSizeDepthBiasAndNormalShadingSmooth: function () {
+      const texelStepSize = scratchTexelStepSize;
+      texelStepSize.x = 1.0 / shadowMap._textureSize.x;
+      texelStepSize.y = 1.0 / shadowMap._textureSize.y;
+
+      return Cartesian4.fromElements(
+        texelStepSize.x,
+        texelStepSize.y,
+        bias.depthBias,
+        bias.normalShadingSmooth,
+        this.combinedUniforms1
+      );
+    },
+    shadowMap_normalOffsetScaleDistanceMaxDistanceAndDarkness: function () {
+      return Cartesian4.fromElements(
+        bias.normalOffsetScale,
+        shadowMap._distance,
+        shadowMap.maximumDistance,
+        shadowMap._darkness,
+        this.combinedUniforms2
+      );
+    },
+
+    combinedUniforms1: new Cartesian4(),
+    combinedUniforms2: new Cartesian4(),
+  };
+
+  return combine(uniforms, mapUniforms, false);
+}
+
+function createCastDerivedCommand(
+  shadowMap,
+  shadowsDirty,
+  command,
+  context,
+  oldShaderId,
+  result
+) {
+  let castShader;
+  let castRenderState;
+  let castUniformMap;
+  if (defined(result)) {
+    castShader = result.shaderProgram;
+    castRenderState = result.renderState;
+    castUniformMap = result.uniformMap;
+  }
+
+  result = DrawCommand.shallowClone(command, result);
+  result.castShadows = true;
+  result.receiveShadows = false;
+
+  if (
+    !defined(castShader) ||
+    oldShaderId !== command.shaderProgram.id ||
+    shadowsDirty
+  ) {
+    const shaderProgram = command.shaderProgram;
+
+    const isTerrain = command.pass === Pass.GLOBE;
+    const isOpaque = command.pass !== Pass.TRANSLUCENT;
+    const isPointLight = shadowMap._isPointLight;
+    const usesDepthTexture = shadowMap._usesDepthTexture;
+
+    const keyword = ShadowMapShader.getShadowCastShaderKeyword(
+      isPointLight,
+      isTerrain,
+      usesDepthTexture,
+      isOpaque
+    );
+    castShader = context.shaderCache.getDerivedShaderProgram(
+      shaderProgram,
+      keyword
+    );
+    if (!defined(castShader)) {
+      const vertexShaderSource = shaderProgram.vertexShaderSource;
+      const fragmentShaderSource = shaderProgram.fragmentShaderSource;
+
+      const castVS = ShadowMapShader.createShadowCastVertexShader(
+        vertexShaderSource,
+        isPointLight,
+        isTerrain
+      );
+      const castFS = ShadowMapShader.createShadowCastFragmentShader(
+        fragmentShaderSource,
+        isPointLight,
+        usesDepthTexture,
+        isOpaque
+      );
+
+      castShader = context.shaderCache.createDerivedShaderProgram(
+        shaderProgram,
+        keyword,
+        {
+          vertexShaderSource: castVS,
+          fragmentShaderSource: castFS,
+          attributeLocations: shaderProgram._attributeLocations,
+        }
+      );
+    }
+
+    castRenderState = shadowMap._primitiveRenderState;
+    if (isPointLight) {
+      castRenderState = shadowMap._pointRenderState;
+    } else if (isTerrain) {
+      castRenderState = shadowMap._terrainRenderState;
+    }
+
+    // Modify the render state for commands that do not use back-face culling, e.g. flat textured walls
+    const cullEnabled = command.renderState.cull.enabled;
+    if (!cullEnabled) {
+      castRenderState = clone(castRenderState, false);
+      castRenderState.cull = clone(castRenderState.cull, false);
+      castRenderState.cull.enabled = false;
+      castRenderState = RenderState.fromCache(castRenderState);
+    }
+
+    castUniformMap = combineUniforms(shadowMap, command.uniformMap, isTerrain);
+  }
+
+  result.shaderProgram = castShader;
+  result.renderState = castRenderState;
+  result.uniformMap = castUniformMap;
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+ViewshedShadowMap.createReceiveDerivedCommand = function (
+  lightShadowMaps,
+  command,
+  shadowsDirty,
+  context,
+  result
+) {
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = {};
+  }
+
+  const lightShadowMapsEnabled = lightShadowMaps.length > 0;
+  const shaderProgram = command.shaderProgram;
+  const vertexShaderSource = shaderProgram.vertexShaderSource;
+  const fragmentShaderSource = shaderProgram.fragmentShaderSource;
+  const isTerrain = command.pass === Pass.GLOBE;
+
+  let hasTerrainNormal = false;
+  if (isTerrain) {
+    hasTerrainNormal =
+      command.owner.data.renderedMesh.encoding.hasVertexNormals;
+  }
+
+  if (command.receiveShadows && lightShadowMapsEnabled) {
+    // Only generate a receiveCommand if there is a shadow map originating from a light source.
+    let receiveShader;
+    let receiveUniformMap;
+    if (defined(result.receiveCommand)) {
+      receiveShader = result.receiveCommand.shaderProgram;
+      receiveUniformMap = result.receiveCommand.uniformMap;
+    }
+
+    result.receiveCommand = DrawCommand.shallowClone(
+      command,
+      result.receiveCommand
+    );
+    result.castShadows = false;
+    result.receiveShadows = true;
+
+    // If castShadows changed, recompile the receive shadows shader. The normal shading technique simulates
+    // self-shadowing so it should be turned off if castShadows is false.
+    const castShadowsDirty =
+      result.receiveShaderCastShadows !== command.castShadows;
+    const shaderDirty =
+      result.receiveShaderProgramId !== command.shaderProgram.id;
+
+    if (
+      !defined(receiveShader) ||
+      shaderDirty ||
+      shadowsDirty ||
+      castShadowsDirty
+    ) {
+      const keyword = ShadowMapShader.getShadowReceiveShaderKeyword(
+        lightShadowMaps[0],
+        command.castShadows,
+        isTerrain,
+        hasTerrainNormal
+      );
+      receiveShader = context.shaderCache.getDerivedShaderProgram(
+        shaderProgram,
+        keyword
+      );
+      if (!defined(receiveShader)) {
+        const receiveVS = ShadowMapShader.createShadowReceiveVertexShader(
+          vertexShaderSource,
+          isTerrain,
+          hasTerrainNormal
+        );
+        const receiveFS = ShadowMapShader.createShadowReceiveFragmentShader(
+          fragmentShaderSource,
+          lightShadowMaps[0],
+          command.castShadows,
+          isTerrain,
+          hasTerrainNormal
+        );
+
+        receiveShader = context.shaderCache.createDerivedShaderProgram(
+          shaderProgram,
+          keyword,
+          {
+            vertexShaderSource: receiveVS,
+            fragmentShaderSource: receiveFS,
+            attributeLocations: shaderProgram._attributeLocations,
+          }
+        );
+      }
+
+      receiveUniformMap = combineUniforms(
+        lightShadowMaps[0],
+        command.uniformMap,
+        isTerrain
+      );
+    }
+
+    result.receiveCommand.shaderProgram = receiveShader;
+    result.receiveCommand.uniformMap = receiveUniformMap;
+    result.receiveShaderProgramId = command.shaderProgram.id;
+    result.receiveShaderCastShadows = command.castShadows;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+ViewshedShadowMap.createCastDerivedCommand = function (
+  shadowMaps,
+  command,
+  shadowsDirty,
+  context,
+  result
+) {
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = {};
+  }
+
+  if (command.castShadows) {
+    let castCommands = result.castCommands;
+    if (!defined(castCommands)) {
+      castCommands = result.castCommands = [];
+    }
+
+    const oldShaderId = result.castShaderProgramId;
+
+    const shadowMapLength = shadowMaps.length;
+    castCommands.length = shadowMapLength;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < shadowMapLength; ++i) {
+      castCommands[i] = createCastDerivedCommand(
+        shadowMaps[i],
+        shadowsDirty,
+        command,
+        context,
+        oldShaderId,
+        castCommands[i]
+      );
+    }
+
+    result.castShaderProgramId = command.shaderProgram.id;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+ViewshedShadowMap.prototype.isDestroyed = function () {
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+ViewshedShadowMap.prototype.destroy = function () {
+  destroyFramebuffer(this);
+
+  this._debugLightFrustum =
+    this._debugLightFrustum && this._debugLightFrustum.destroy();
+  this._debugCameraFrustum =
+    this._debugCameraFrustum && this._debugCameraFrustum.destroy();
+  this._debugShadowViewCommand =
+    this._debugShadowViewCommand &&
+    this._debugShadowViewCommand.shaderProgram &&
+    this._debugShadowViewCommand.shaderProgram.destroy();
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < this._numberOfCascades; ++i) {
+    this._debugCascadeFrustums[i] =
+      this._debugCascadeFrustums[i] && this._debugCascadeFrustums[i].destroy();
+  }
+
+  return destroyObject(this);
+};
+export default ViewshedShadowMap;