deeptwins-cesium-engine 0.0.3

package/Source/Scene/Camera.js

@@ -0,0 +1,3978 @@
+import BoundingSphere from "../Core/BoundingSphere.js";
+import Cartesian2 from "../Core/Cartesian2.js";
+import Cartesian3 from "../Core/Cartesian3.js";
+import Cartesian4 from "../Core/Cartesian4.js";
+import Cartographic from "../Core/Cartographic.js";
+import Frozen from "../Core/Frozen.js";
+import defined from "../Core/defined.js";
+import DeveloperError from "../Core/DeveloperError.js";
+import EasingFunction from "../Core/EasingFunction.js";
+import Ellipsoid from "../Core/Ellipsoid.js";
+import EllipsoidGeodesic from "../Core/EllipsoidGeodesic.js";
+import Event from "../Core/Event.js";
+import getTimestamp from "../Core/getTimestamp.js";
+import HeadingPitchRange from "../Core/HeadingPitchRange.js";
+import HeadingPitchRoll from "../Core/HeadingPitchRoll.js";
+import Intersect from "../Core/Intersect.js";
+import IntersectionTests from "../Core/IntersectionTests.js";
+import CesiumMath from "../Core/Math.js";
+import Matrix3 from "../Core/Matrix3.js";
+import Matrix4 from "../Core/Matrix4.js";
+import OrthographicFrustum from "../Core/OrthographicFrustum.js";
+import OrthographicOffCenterFrustum from "../Core/OrthographicOffCenterFrustum.js";
+import PerspectiveFrustum from "../Core/PerspectiveFrustum.js";
+import Quaternion from "../Core/Quaternion.js";
+import Ray from "../Core/Ray.js";
+import Rectangle from "../Core/Rectangle.js";
+import Transforms from "../Core/Transforms.js";
+import CameraFlightPath from "./CameraFlightPath.js";
+import MapMode2D from "./MapMode2D.js";
+import SceneMode from "./SceneMode.js";
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {object} DirectionUp
+ *
+ * An orientation given by a pair of unit vectors
+ *
+ * @property {Cartesian3} direction The unit "direction" vector
+ * @property {Cartesian3} up The unit "up" vector
+ **/
+/**
+ * @typedef {object} HeadingPitchRollValues
+ *
+ * An orientation given by numeric heading, pitch, and roll
+ *
+ * @property {number} [heading=0.0] The heading in radians
+ * @property {number} [pitch=-CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO] The pitch in radians
+ * @property {number} [roll=0.0] The roll in radians
+ **/
+
+/**
+ * The camera is defined by a position, orientation, and view frustum.
+ * <br /><br />
+ * The orientation forms an orthonormal basis with a view, up and right = view x up unit vectors.
+ * <br /><br />
+ * The viewing frustum is defined by 6 planes.
+ * Each plane is represented by a {@link Cartesian4} object, where the x, y, and z components
+ * define the unit vector normal to the plane, and the w component is the distance of the
+ * plane from the origin/camera position.
+ *
+ * @alias Camera
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ *
+ * @param {Scene} scene The scene.
+ *
+ * @demo {@link https://sandcastle.cesium.com/index.html?src=Camera.html|Cesium Sandcastle Camera Demo}
+ * @demo {@link https://sandcastle.cesium.com/index.html?src=Camera%20Tutorial.html|Cesium Sandcastle Camera Tutorial Example}
+ * @demo {@link https://cesium.com/learn/cesiumjs-learn/cesiumjs-camera|Camera Tutorial}
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Create a camera looking down the negative z-axis, positioned at the origin,
+ * // with a field of view of 60 degrees, and 1:1 aspect ratio.
+ * const camera = new Cesium.Camera(scene);
+ * camera.position = new Cesium.Cartesian3();
+ * camera.direction = Cesium.Cartesian3.negate(Cesium.Cartesian3.UNIT_Z, new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+ * camera.up = Cesium.Cartesian3.clone(Cesium.Cartesian3.UNIT_Y);
+ * camera.frustum.fov = Cesium.Math.PI_OVER_THREE;
+ * camera.frustum.near = 1.0;
+ * camera.frustum.far = 2.0;
+ */
+function Camera(scene) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(scene)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("scene is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+  this._scene = scene;
+
+  this._transform = Matrix4.clone(Matrix4.IDENTITY);
+  this._invTransform = Matrix4.clone(Matrix4.IDENTITY);
+  this._actualTransform = Matrix4.clone(Matrix4.IDENTITY);
+  this._actualInvTransform = Matrix4.clone(Matrix4.IDENTITY);
+  this._transformChanged = false;
+
+  /**
+   * The position of the camera.
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   */
+  this.position = new Cartesian3();
+  this._position = new Cartesian3();
+  this._positionWC = new Cartesian3();
+  this._positionCartographic = new Cartographic();
+  this._oldPositionWC = undefined;
+
+  /**
+   * The position delta magnitude.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.positionWCDeltaMagnitude = 0.0;
+
+  /**
+   * The position delta magnitude last frame.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.positionWCDeltaMagnitudeLastFrame = 0.0;
+
+  /**
+   * How long in seconds since the camera has stopped moving
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.timeSinceMoved = 0.0;
+  this._lastMovedTimestamp = 0.0;
+
+  /**
+   * The view direction of the camera.
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   */
+  this.direction = new Cartesian3();
+  this._direction = new Cartesian3();
+  this._directionWC = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * The up direction of the camera.
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   */
+  this.up = new Cartesian3();
+  this._up = new Cartesian3();
+  this._upWC = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * The right direction of the camera.
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   */
+  this.right = new Cartesian3();
+  this._right = new Cartesian3();
+  this._rightWC = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * The region of space in view.
+   *
+   * @type {PerspectiveFrustum|PerspectiveOffCenterFrustum|OrthographicFrustum}
+   * @default PerspectiveFrustum()
+   *
+   * @see PerspectiveFrustum
+   * @see PerspectiveOffCenterFrustum
+   * @see OrthographicFrustum
+   */
+  this.frustum = new PerspectiveFrustum();
+  this.frustum.aspectRatio =
+    scene.drawingBufferWidth / scene.drawingBufferHeight;
+  this.frustum.fov = CesiumMath.toRadians(60.0);
+
+  /**
+   * The default amount to move the camera when an argument is not
+   * provided to the move methods.
+   * @type {number}
+   * @default 100000.0;
+   */
+  this.defaultMoveAmount = 100000.0;
+  /**
+   * The default amount to rotate the camera when an argument is not
+   * provided to the look methods.
+   * @type {number}
+   * @default Math.PI / 60.0
+   */
+  this.defaultLookAmount = Math.PI / 60.0;
+  /**
+   * The default amount to rotate the camera when an argument is not
+   * provided to the rotate methods.
+   * @type {number}
+   * @default Math.PI / 3600.0
+   */
+  this.defaultRotateAmount = Math.PI / 3600.0;
+  /**
+   * The default amount to move the camera when an argument is not
+   * provided to the zoom methods.
+   * @type {number}
+   * @default 100000.0;
+   */
+  this.defaultZoomAmount = 100000.0;
+  /**
+   * If set, the camera will not be able to rotate past this axis in either direction.
+   * @type {Cartesian3 | undefined}
+   * @default undefined
+   */
+  this.constrainedAxis = undefined;
+  /**
+   * The factor multiplied by the the map size used to determine where to clamp the camera position
+   * when zooming out from the surface. The default is 1.5. Only valid for 2D and the map is rotatable.
+   * @type {number}
+   * @default 1.5
+   */
+  this.maximumZoomFactor = 1.5;
+
+  this._moveStart = new Event();
+  this._moveEnd = new Event();
+
+  this._changed = new Event();
+  this._changedPosition = undefined;
+  this._changedDirection = undefined;
+  this._changedFrustum = undefined;
+  this._changedHeading = undefined;
+  this._changedRoll = undefined;
+
+  /**
+   * The amount the camera has to change before the <code>changed</code> event is raised. The value is a percentage in the [0, 1] range.
+   * @type {number}
+   * @default 0.5
+   */
+  this.percentageChanged = 0.5;
+
+  this._viewMatrix = new Matrix4();
+  this._invViewMatrix = new Matrix4();
+  updateViewMatrix(this);
+
+  this._mode = SceneMode.SCENE3D;
+  this._modeChanged = true;
+  const projection = scene.mapProjection;
+  this._projection = projection;
+  this._maxCoord = projection.project(
+    new Cartographic(Math.PI, CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO),
+  );
+  this._max2Dfrustum = undefined;
+
+  // set default view
+  rectangleCameraPosition3D(
+    this,
+    Camera.DEFAULT_VIEW_RECTANGLE,
+    this.position,
+    true,
+  );
+
+  let mag = Cartesian3.magnitude(this.position);
+  mag += mag * Camera.DEFAULT_VIEW_FACTOR;
+  Cartesian3.normalize(this.position, this.position);
+  Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(this.position, mag, this.position);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+Camera.TRANSFORM_2D = new Matrix4(
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  1.0,
+  0.0,
+  1.0,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  1.0,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  0.0,
+  1.0,
+);
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+Camera.TRANSFORM_2D_INVERSE = Matrix4.inverseTransformation(
+  Camera.TRANSFORM_2D,
+  new Matrix4(),
+);
+
+/**
+ * The default rectangle the camera will view on creation.
+ * @type Rectangle
+ */
+Camera.DEFAULT_VIEW_RECTANGLE = Rectangle.fromDegrees(
+  -95.0,
+  -20.0,
+  -70.0,
+  90.0,
+);
+
+/**
+ * A scalar to multiply to the camera position and add it back after setting the camera to view the rectangle.
+ * A value of zero means the camera will view the entire {@link Camera#DEFAULT_VIEW_RECTANGLE}, a value greater than zero
+ * will move it further away from the extent, and a value less than zero will move it close to the extent.
+ * @type {number}
+ */
+Camera.DEFAULT_VIEW_FACTOR = 0.5;
+
+/**
+ * The default heading/pitch/range that is used when the camera flies to a location that contains a bounding sphere.
+ * @type HeadingPitchRange
+ */
+Camera.DEFAULT_OFFSET = new HeadingPitchRange(
+  0.0,
+  -CesiumMath.PI_OVER_FOUR,
+  0.0,
+);
+
+function updateViewMatrix(camera) {
+  Matrix4.computeView(
+    camera._position,
+    camera._direction,
+    camera._up,
+    camera._right,
+    camera._viewMatrix,
+  );
+  Matrix4.multiply(
+    camera._viewMatrix,
+    camera._actualInvTransform,
+    camera._viewMatrix,
+  );
+  Matrix4.inverseTransformation(camera._viewMatrix, camera._invViewMatrix);
+}
+
+function updateCameraDeltas(camera) {
+  if (!defined(camera._oldPositionWC)) {
+    camera._oldPositionWC = Cartesian3.clone(
+      camera.positionWC,
+      camera._oldPositionWC,
+    );
+  } else {
+    camera.positionWCDeltaMagnitudeLastFrame = camera.positionWCDeltaMagnitude;
+    const delta = Cartesian3.subtract(
+      camera.positionWC,
+      camera._oldPositionWC,
+      camera._oldPositionWC,
+    );
+    camera.positionWCDeltaMagnitude = Cartesian3.magnitude(delta);
+    camera._oldPositionWC = Cartesian3.clone(
+      camera.positionWC,
+      camera._oldPositionWC,
+    );
+
+    // Update move timers
+    if (camera.positionWCDeltaMagnitude > 0.0) {
+      camera.timeSinceMoved = 0.0;
+      camera._lastMovedTimestamp = getTimestamp();
+    } else {
+      camera.timeSinceMoved =
+        Math.max(getTimestamp() - camera._lastMovedTimestamp, 0.0) / 1000.0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if there's a camera flight with preload for this camera.
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether or not this camera has a current flight with a valid preloadFlightCamera in scene.
+ *
+ * @private
+ *
+ */
+Camera.prototype.canPreloadFlight = function () {
+  return defined(this._currentFlight) && this._mode !== SceneMode.SCENE2D;
+};
+
+Camera.prototype._updateCameraChanged = function () {
+  const camera = this;
+
+  updateCameraDeltas(camera);
+
+  if (camera._changed.numberOfListeners === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const percentageChanged = camera.percentageChanged;
+
+  // check heading
+  const currentHeading = camera.heading;
+
+  if (!defined(camera._changedHeading)) {
+    camera._changedHeading = currentHeading;
+  }
+
+  let headingDelta =
+    Math.abs(camera._changedHeading - currentHeading) % CesiumMath.TWO_PI;
+  headingDelta =
+    headingDelta > CesiumMath.PI
+      ? CesiumMath.TWO_PI - headingDelta
+      : headingDelta;
+
+  // Since delta is computed as the shortest distance between two angles
+  // the percentage is relative to the half circle.
+  const headingChangedPercentage = headingDelta / Math.PI;
+
+  if (headingChangedPercentage > percentageChanged) {
+    camera._changedHeading = currentHeading;
+  }
+
+  // check roll
+  const currentRoll = camera.roll;
+
+  if (!defined(camera._changedRoll)) {
+    camera._changedRoll = currentRoll;
+  }
+
+  let rollDelta =
+    Math.abs(camera._changedRoll - currentRoll) % CesiumMath.TWO_PI;
+  rollDelta =
+    rollDelta > CesiumMath.PI ? CesiumMath.TWO_PI - rollDelta : rollDelta;
+
+  // Since delta is computed as the shortest distance between two angles
+  // the percentage is relative to the half circle.
+  const rollChangedPercentage = rollDelta / Math.PI;
+
+  if (rollChangedPercentage > percentageChanged) {
+    camera._changedRoll = currentRoll;
+  }
+  if (
+    rollChangedPercentage > percentageChanged ||
+    headingChangedPercentage > percentageChanged
+  ) {
+    camera._changed.raiseEvent(
+      Math.max(rollChangedPercentage, headingChangedPercentage),
+    );
+  }
+  if (camera._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    if (!defined(camera._changedFrustum)) {
+      camera._changedPosition = Cartesian3.clone(
+        camera.position,
+        camera._changedPosition,
+      );
+      camera._changedFrustum = camera.frustum.clone();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const position = camera.position;
+    const lastPosition = camera._changedPosition;
+
+    const frustum = camera.frustum;
+    const lastFrustum = camera._changedFrustum;
+
+    const x0 = position.x + frustum.left;
+    const x1 = position.x + frustum.right;
+    const x2 = lastPosition.x + lastFrustum.left;
+    const x3 = lastPosition.x + lastFrustum.right;
+
+    const y0 = position.y + frustum.bottom;
+    const y1 = position.y + frustum.top;
+    const y2 = lastPosition.y + lastFrustum.bottom;
+    const y3 = lastPosition.y + lastFrustum.top;
+
+    const leftX = Math.max(x0, x2);
+    const rightX = Math.min(x1, x3);
+    const bottomY = Math.max(y0, y2);
+    const topY = Math.min(y1, y3);
+
+    let areaPercentage;
+    if (leftX >= rightX || bottomY >= y1) {
+      areaPercentage = 1.0;
+    } else {
+      let areaRef = lastFrustum;
+      if (x0 < x2 && x1 > x3 && y0 < y2 && y1 > y3) {
+        areaRef = frustum;
+      }
+      areaPercentage =
+        1.0 -
+        ((rightX - leftX) * (topY - bottomY)) /
+          ((areaRef.right - areaRef.left) * (areaRef.top - areaRef.bottom));
+    }
+
+    if (areaPercentage > percentageChanged) {
+      camera._changed.raiseEvent(areaPercentage);
+      camera._changedPosition = Cartesian3.clone(
+        camera.position,
+        camera._changedPosition,
+      );
+      camera._changedFrustum = camera.frustum.clone(camera._changedFrustum);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!defined(camera._changedDirection)) {
+    camera._changedPosition = Cartesian3.clone(
+      camera.positionWC,
+      camera._changedPosition,
+    );
+    camera._changedDirection = Cartesian3.clone(
+      camera.directionWC,
+      camera._changedDirection,
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const dirAngle = CesiumMath.acosClamped(
+    Cartesian3.dot(camera.directionWC, camera._changedDirection),
+  );
+
+  let dirPercentage;
+  if (defined(camera.frustum.fovy)) {
+    dirPercentage = dirAngle / (camera.frustum.fovy * 0.5);
+  } else {
+    dirPercentage = dirAngle;
+  }
+
+  const distance = Cartesian3.distance(
+    camera.positionWC,
+    camera._changedPosition,
+  );
+  const heightPercentage = distance / camera.positionCartographic.height;
+
+  if (
+    dirPercentage > percentageChanged ||
+    heightPercentage > percentageChanged
+  ) {
+    camera._changed.raiseEvent(Math.max(dirPercentage, heightPercentage));
+    camera._changedPosition = Cartesian3.clone(
+      camera.positionWC,
+      camera._changedPosition,
+    );
+    camera._changedDirection = Cartesian3.clone(
+      camera.directionWC,
+      camera._changedDirection,
+    );
+  }
+};
+
+function convertTransformForColumbusView(camera) {
+  Transforms.basisTo2D(
+    camera._projection,
+    camera._transform,
+    camera._actualTransform,
+  );
+}
+
+const scratchCartographic = new Cartographic();
+const scratchCartesian3Projection = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchCartesian3 = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchCartesian4Origin = new Cartesian4();
+const scratchCartesian4NewOrigin = new Cartesian4();
+const scratchCartesian4NewXAxis = new Cartesian4();
+const scratchCartesian4NewYAxis = new Cartesian4();
+const scratchCartesian4NewZAxis = new Cartesian4();
+
+function convertTransformFor2D(camera) {
+  const projection = camera._projection;
+  const ellipsoid = projection.ellipsoid;
+
+  const origin = Matrix4.getColumn(
+    camera._transform,
+    3,
+    scratchCartesian4Origin,
+  );
+  const cartographic = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(
+    origin,
+    scratchCartographic,
+  );
+
+  const projectedPosition = projection.project(
+    cartographic,
+    scratchCartesian3Projection,
+  );
+  const newOrigin = scratchCartesian4NewOrigin;
+  newOrigin.x = projectedPosition.z;
+  newOrigin.y = projectedPosition.x;
+  newOrigin.z = projectedPosition.y;
+  newOrigin.w = 1.0;
+
+  const newZAxis = Cartesian4.clone(
+    Cartesian4.UNIT_X,
+    scratchCartesian4NewZAxis,
+  );
+
+  const xAxis = Cartesian4.add(
+    Matrix4.getColumn(camera._transform, 0, scratchCartesian3),
+    origin,
+    scratchCartesian3,
+  );
+  ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(xAxis, cartographic);
+
+  projection.project(cartographic, projectedPosition);
+  const newXAxis = scratchCartesian4NewXAxis;
+  newXAxis.x = projectedPosition.z;
+  newXAxis.y = projectedPosition.x;
+  newXAxis.z = projectedPosition.y;
+  newXAxis.w = 0.0;
+
+  Cartesian3.subtract(newXAxis, newOrigin, newXAxis);
+  newXAxis.x = 0.0;
+
+  const newYAxis = scratchCartesian4NewYAxis;
+  if (Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(newXAxis) > CesiumMath.EPSILON10) {
+    Cartesian3.cross(newZAxis, newXAxis, newYAxis);
+  } else {
+    const yAxis = Cartesian4.add(
+      Matrix4.getColumn(camera._transform, 1, scratchCartesian3),
+      origin,
+      scratchCartesian3,
+    );
+    ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(yAxis, cartographic);
+
+    projection.project(cartographic, projectedPosition);
+    newYAxis.x = projectedPosition.z;
+    newYAxis.y = projectedPosition.x;
+    newYAxis.z = projectedPosition.y;
+    newYAxis.w = 0.0;
+
+    Cartesian3.subtract(newYAxis, newOrigin, newYAxis);
+    newYAxis.x = 0.0;
+
+    if (Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(newYAxis) < CesiumMath.EPSILON10) {
+      Cartesian4.clone(Cartesian4.UNIT_Y, newXAxis);
+      Cartesian4.clone(Cartesian4.UNIT_Z, newYAxis);
+    }
+  }
+
+  Cartesian3.cross(newYAxis, newZAxis, newXAxis);
+  Cartesian3.normalize(newXAxis, newXAxis);
+  Cartesian3.cross(newZAxis, newXAxis, newYAxis);
+  Cartesian3.normalize(newYAxis, newYAxis);
+
+  Matrix4.setColumn(
+    camera._actualTransform,
+    0,
+    newXAxis,
+    camera._actualTransform,
+  );
+  Matrix4.setColumn(
+    camera._actualTransform,
+    1,
+    newYAxis,
+    camera._actualTransform,
+  );
+  Matrix4.setColumn(
+    camera._actualTransform,
+    2,
+    newZAxis,
+    camera._actualTransform,
+  );
+  Matrix4.setColumn(
+    camera._actualTransform,
+    3,
+    newOrigin,
+    camera._actualTransform,
+  );
+}
+
+const scratchCartesian = new Cartesian3();
+
+function updateMembers(camera) {
+  const mode = camera._mode;
+
+  let heightChanged = false;
+  let height = 0.0;
+  if (mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    height = camera.frustum.right - camera.frustum.left;
+    heightChanged = height !== camera._positionCartographic.height;
+  }
+
+  let position = camera._position;
+  const positionChanged =
+    !Cartesian3.equals(position, camera.position) || heightChanged;
+  if (positionChanged) {
+    position = Cartesian3.clone(camera.position, camera._position);
+  }
+
+  let direction = camera._direction;
+  const directionChanged = !Cartesian3.equals(direction, camera.direction);
+  if (directionChanged) {
+    Cartesian3.normalize(camera.direction, camera.direction);
+    direction = Cartesian3.clone(camera.direction, camera._direction);
+  }
+
+  let up = camera._up;
+  const upChanged = !Cartesian3.equals(up, camera.up);
+  if (upChanged) {
+    Cartesian3.normalize(camera.up, camera.up);
+    up = Cartesian3.clone(camera.up, camera._up);
+  }
+
+  let right = camera._right;
+  const rightChanged = !Cartesian3.equals(right, camera.right);
+  if (rightChanged) {
+    Cartesian3.normalize(camera.right, camera.right);
+    right = Cartesian3.clone(camera.right, camera._right);
+  }
+
+  const transformChanged = camera._transformChanged || camera._modeChanged;
+  camera._transformChanged = false;
+
+  if (transformChanged) {
+    Matrix4.inverseTransformation(camera._transform, camera._invTransform);
+
+    if (
+      camera._mode === SceneMode.COLUMBUS_VIEW ||
+      camera._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D
+    ) {
+      if (Matrix4.equals(Matrix4.IDENTITY, camera._transform)) {
+        Matrix4.clone(Camera.TRANSFORM_2D, camera._actualTransform);
+      } else if (camera._mode === SceneMode.COLUMBUS_VIEW) {
+        convertTransformForColumbusView(camera);
+      } else {
+        convertTransformFor2D(camera);
+      }
+    } else {
+      Matrix4.clone(camera._transform, camera._actualTransform);
+    }
+
+    Matrix4.inverseTransformation(
+      camera._actualTransform,
+      camera._actualInvTransform,
+    );
+
+    camera._modeChanged = false;
+  }
+
+  const transform = camera._actualTransform;
+
+  if (positionChanged || transformChanged) {
+    camera._positionWC = Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(
+      transform,
+      position,
+      camera._positionWC,
+    );
+
+    // Compute the Cartographic position of the camera.
+    if (mode === SceneMode.SCENE3D || mode === SceneMode.MORPHING) {
+      camera._positionCartographic =
+        camera._projection.ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(
+          camera._positionWC,
+          camera._positionCartographic,
+        );
+    } else {
+      // The camera position is expressed in the 2D coordinate system where the Y axis is to the East,
+      // the Z axis is to the North, and the X axis is out of the map.  Express them instead in the ENU axes where
+      // X is to the East, Y is to the North, and Z is out of the local horizontal plane.
+      const positionENU = scratchCartesian;
+      positionENU.x = camera._positionWC.y;
+      positionENU.y = camera._positionWC.z;
+      positionENU.z = camera._positionWC.x;
+
+      // In 2D, the camera height is always 12.7 million meters.
+      // The apparent height is equal to half the frustum width.
+      if (mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+        positionENU.z = height;
+      }
+
+      camera._projection.unproject(positionENU, camera._positionCartographic);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (directionChanged || upChanged || rightChanged) {
+    const det = Cartesian3.dot(
+      direction,
+      Cartesian3.cross(up, right, scratchCartesian),
+    );
+    if (Math.abs(1.0 - det) > CesiumMath.EPSILON2) {
+      //orthonormalize axes
+      const invUpMag = 1.0 / Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(up);
+      const scalar = Cartesian3.dot(up, direction) * invUpMag;
+      const w0 = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+        direction,
+        scalar,
+        scratchCartesian,
+      );
+      up = Cartesian3.normalize(
+        Cartesian3.subtract(up, w0, camera._up),
+        camera._up,
+      );
+      Cartesian3.clone(up, camera.up);
+
+      right = Cartesian3.cross(direction, up, camera._right);
+      Cartesian3.clone(right, camera.right);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (directionChanged || transformChanged) {
+    camera._directionWC = Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(
+      transform,
+      direction,
+      camera._directionWC,
+    );
+    Cartesian3.normalize(camera._directionWC, camera._directionWC);
+  }
+
+  if (upChanged || transformChanged) {
+    camera._upWC = Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(transform, up, camera._upWC);
+    Cartesian3.normalize(camera._upWC, camera._upWC);
+  }
+
+  if (rightChanged || transformChanged) {
+    camera._rightWC = Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(
+      transform,
+      right,
+      camera._rightWC,
+    );
+    Cartesian3.normalize(camera._rightWC, camera._rightWC);
+  }
+
+  if (
+    positionChanged ||
+    directionChanged ||
+    upChanged ||
+    rightChanged ||
+    transformChanged
+  ) {
+    updateViewMatrix(camera);
+  }
+}
+
+function getHeading(direction, up) {
+  let heading;
+  if (
+    !CesiumMath.equalsEpsilon(Math.abs(direction.z), 1.0, CesiumMath.EPSILON3)
+  ) {
+    heading = Math.atan2(direction.y, direction.x) - CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+  } else {
+    heading = Math.atan2(up.y, up.x) - CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+  }
+
+  return CesiumMath.TWO_PI - CesiumMath.zeroToTwoPi(heading);
+}
+
+function getPitch(direction) {
+  return CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO - CesiumMath.acosClamped(direction.z);
+}
+
+function getRoll(direction, up, right) {
+  let roll = 0.0;
+  if (
+    !CesiumMath.equalsEpsilon(Math.abs(direction.z), 1.0, CesiumMath.EPSILON3)
+  ) {
+    roll = Math.atan2(-right.z, up.z);
+    roll = CesiumMath.zeroToTwoPi(roll + CesiumMath.TWO_PI);
+  }
+
+  return roll;
+}
+
+const scratchHPRMatrix1 = new Matrix4();
+const scratchHPRMatrix2 = new Matrix4();
+
+Object.defineProperties(Camera.prototype, {
+  /**
+   * Gets the camera's reference frame. The inverse of this transformation is appended to the view matrix.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {Matrix4}
+   * @readonly
+   *
+   * @default {@link Matrix4.IDENTITY}
+   */
+  transform: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._transform;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the inverse camera transform.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {Matrix4}
+   * @readonly
+   *
+   * @default {@link Matrix4.IDENTITY}
+   */
+  inverseTransform: {
+    get: function () {
+      updateMembers(this);
+      return this._invTransform;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the view matrix.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {Matrix4}
+   * @readonly
+   *
+   * @see Camera#inverseViewMatrix
+   */
+  viewMatrix: {
+    get: function () {
+      updateMembers(this);
+      return this._viewMatrix;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the inverse view matrix.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {Matrix4}
+   * @readonly
+   *
+   * @see Camera#viewMatrix
+   */
+  inverseViewMatrix: {
+    get: function () {
+      updateMembers(this);
+      return this._invViewMatrix;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the {@link Cartographic} position of the camera, with longitude and latitude
+   * expressed in radians and height in meters.  In 2D and Columbus View, it is possible
+   * for the returned longitude and latitude to be outside the range of valid longitudes
+   * and latitudes when the camera is outside the map.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {Cartographic}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  positionCartographic: {
+    get: function () {
+      updateMembers(this);
+      return this._positionCartographic;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the position of the camera in world coordinates.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  positionWC: {
+    get: function () {
+      updateMembers(this);
+      return this._positionWC;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the view direction of the camera in world coordinates.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  directionWC: {
+    get: function () {
+      updateMembers(this);
+      return this._directionWC;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the up direction of the camera in world coordinates.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  upWC: {
+    get: function () {
+      updateMembers(this);
+      return this._upWC;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the right direction of the camera in world coordinates.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  rightWC: {
+    get: function () {
+      updateMembers(this);
+      return this._rightWC;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the camera heading in radians.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {number}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  heading: {
+    get: function () {
+      if (this._mode !== SceneMode.MORPHING) {
+        const ellipsoid = this._projection.ellipsoid;
+
+        const oldTransform = Matrix4.clone(this._transform, scratchHPRMatrix1);
+        const transform = Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(
+          this.positionWC,
+          ellipsoid,
+          scratchHPRMatrix2,
+        );
+        this._setTransform(transform);
+
+        const heading = getHeading(this.direction, this.up);
+
+        this._setTransform(oldTransform);
+
+        return heading;
+      }
+
+      return undefined;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the camera pitch in radians.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {number}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  pitch: {
+    get: function () {
+      if (this._mode !== SceneMode.MORPHING) {
+        const ellipsoid = this._projection.ellipsoid;
+
+        const oldTransform = Matrix4.clone(this._transform, scratchHPRMatrix1);
+        const transform = Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(
+          this.positionWC,
+          ellipsoid,
+          scratchHPRMatrix2,
+        );
+        this._setTransform(transform);
+
+        const pitch = getPitch(this.direction);
+
+        this._setTransform(oldTransform);
+
+        return pitch;
+      }
+
+      return undefined;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the camera roll in radians.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   *
+   * @type {number}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  roll: {
+    get: function () {
+      if (this._mode !== SceneMode.MORPHING) {
+        const ellipsoid = this._projection.ellipsoid;
+
+        const oldTransform = Matrix4.clone(this._transform, scratchHPRMatrix1);
+        const transform = Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(
+          this.positionWC,
+          ellipsoid,
+          scratchHPRMatrix2,
+        );
+        this._setTransform(transform);
+
+        const roll = getRoll(this.direction, this.up, this.right);
+
+        this._setTransform(oldTransform);
+
+        return roll;
+      }
+
+      return undefined;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the event that will be raised at when the camera starts to move.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   * @type {Event}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  moveStart: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._moveStart;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the event that will be raised when the camera has stopped moving.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   * @type {Event}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  moveEnd: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._moveEnd;
+    },
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the event that will be raised when the camera has changed by <code>percentageChanged</code>.
+   * @memberof Camera.prototype
+   * @type {Event}
+   * @readonly
+   */
+  changed: {
+    get: function () {
+      return this._changed;
+    },
+  },
+});
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+Camera.prototype.update = function (mode) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(mode)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("mode is required.");
+  }
+  if (
+    mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D &&
+    !(this.frustum instanceof OrthographicOffCenterFrustum)
+  ) {
+    throw new DeveloperError(
+      "An OrthographicOffCenterFrustum is required in 2D.",
+    );
+  }
+  if (
+    (mode === SceneMode.SCENE3D || mode === SceneMode.COLUMBUS_VIEW) &&
+    !(this.frustum instanceof PerspectiveFrustum) &&
+    !(this.frustum instanceof OrthographicFrustum)
+  ) {
+    throw new DeveloperError(
+      "A PerspectiveFrustum or OrthographicFrustum is required in 3D and Columbus view",
+    );
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  let updateFrustum = false;
+  if (mode !== this._mode) {
+    this._mode = mode;
+    this._modeChanged = mode !== SceneMode.MORPHING;
+    updateFrustum = this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D;
+  }
+
+  if (updateFrustum) {
+    const frustum = (this._max2Dfrustum = this.frustum.clone());
+
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    if (!(frustum instanceof OrthographicOffCenterFrustum)) {
+      throw new DeveloperError(
+        "The camera frustum is expected to be orthographic for 2D camera control.",
+      );
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const maxZoomOut = 2.0;
+    const ratio = frustum.top / frustum.right;
+    frustum.right = this._maxCoord.x * maxZoomOut;
+    frustum.left = -frustum.right;
+    frustum.top = ratio * frustum.right;
+    frustum.bottom = -frustum.top;
+  }
+
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    clampMove2D(this, this.position);
+  }
+};
+
+const setTransformPosition = new Cartesian3();
+const setTransformUp = new Cartesian3();
+const setTransformDirection = new Cartesian3();
+
+Camera.prototype._setTransform = function (transform) {
+  const position = Cartesian3.clone(this.positionWC, setTransformPosition);
+  const up = Cartesian3.clone(this.upWC, setTransformUp);
+  const direction = Cartesian3.clone(this.directionWC, setTransformDirection);
+
+  Matrix4.clone(transform, this._transform);
+  this._transformChanged = true;
+  updateMembers(this);
+  const inverse = this._actualInvTransform;
+
+  Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(inverse, position, this.position);
+  Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(inverse, direction, this.direction);
+  Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(inverse, up, this.up);
+  Cartesian3.cross(this.direction, this.up, this.right);
+
+  updateMembers(this);
+};
+
+const scratchAdjustOrthographicFrustumMousePosition = new Cartesian2();
+const scratchPickRay = new Ray();
+const scratchRayIntersection = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchDepthIntersection = new Cartesian3();
+
+function calculateOrthographicFrustumWidth(camera) {
+  // Camera is fixed to an object, so keep frustum width constant.
+  if (!Matrix4.equals(Matrix4.IDENTITY, camera.transform)) {
+    return Cartesian3.magnitude(camera.position);
+  }
+
+  const scene = camera._scene;
+  const globe = scene.globe;
+
+  const mousePosition = scratchAdjustOrthographicFrustumMousePosition;
+  mousePosition.x = scene.drawingBufferWidth / scene.pixelRatio / 2.0;
+  mousePosition.y = scene.drawingBufferHeight / scene.pixelRatio / 2.0;
+
+  let rayIntersection;
+  if (defined(globe)) {
+    const ray = camera.getPickRay(mousePosition, scratchPickRay);
+    rayIntersection = globe.pickWorldCoordinates(
+      ray,
+      scene,
+      true,
+      scratchRayIntersection,
+    );
+  }
+
+  let depthIntersection;
+  if (scene.pickPositionSupported) {
+    depthIntersection = scene.pickPositionWorldCoordinates(
+      mousePosition,
+      scratchDepthIntersection,
+    );
+  }
+
+  let distance;
+  if (defined(rayIntersection) || defined(depthIntersection)) {
+    const depthDistance = defined(depthIntersection)
+      ? Cartesian3.distance(depthIntersection, camera.positionWC)
+      : Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+    const rayDistance = defined(rayIntersection)
+      ? Cartesian3.distance(rayIntersection, camera.positionWC)
+      : Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+    distance = Math.min(depthDistance, rayDistance);
+  } else {
+    distance = Math.max(camera.positionCartographic.height, 0.0);
+  }
+  return distance;
+}
+
+Camera.prototype._adjustOrthographicFrustum = function (zooming) {
+  if (!(this.frustum instanceof OrthographicFrustum)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!zooming && this._positionCartographic.height < 150000.0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this.frustum.width = calculateOrthographicFrustumWidth(this);
+};
+
+const scratchSetViewCartesian = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchSetViewTransform1 = new Matrix4();
+const scratchSetViewTransform2 = new Matrix4();
+const scratchSetViewQuaternion = new Quaternion();
+const scratchSetViewMatrix3 = new Matrix3();
+const scratchSetViewCartographic = new Cartographic();
+
+function setView3D(camera, position, hpr) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (isNaN(position.x) || isNaN(position.y) || isNaN(position.z)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("position has a NaN component");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+  const currentTransform = Matrix4.clone(
+    camera.transform,
+    scratchSetViewTransform1,
+  );
+  const localTransform = Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(
+    position,
+    camera._projection.ellipsoid,
+    scratchSetViewTransform2,
+  );
+  camera._setTransform(localTransform);
+
+  Cartesian3.clone(Cartesian3.ZERO, camera.position);
+  hpr.heading = hpr.heading - CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+
+  const rotQuat = Quaternion.fromHeadingPitchRoll(
+    hpr,
+    scratchSetViewQuaternion,
+  );
+  const rotMat = Matrix3.fromQuaternion(rotQuat, scratchSetViewMatrix3);
+
+  Matrix3.getColumn(rotMat, 0, camera.direction);
+  Matrix3.getColumn(rotMat, 2, camera.up);
+  Cartesian3.cross(camera.direction, camera.up, camera.right);
+
+  camera._setTransform(currentTransform);
+
+  camera._adjustOrthographicFrustum(true);
+}
+
+function setViewCV(camera, position, hpr, convert) {
+  const currentTransform = Matrix4.clone(
+    camera.transform,
+    scratchSetViewTransform1,
+  );
+  camera._setTransform(Matrix4.IDENTITY);
+
+  if (!Cartesian3.equals(position, camera.positionWC)) {
+    if (convert) {
+      const projection = camera._projection;
+      const cartographic = projection.ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(
+        position,
+        scratchSetViewCartographic,
+      );
+      position = projection.project(cartographic, scratchSetViewCartesian);
+    }
+    Cartesian3.clone(position, camera.position);
+  }
+  hpr.heading = hpr.heading - CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+
+  const rotQuat = Quaternion.fromHeadingPitchRoll(
+    hpr,
+    scratchSetViewQuaternion,
+  );
+  const rotMat = Matrix3.fromQuaternion(rotQuat, scratchSetViewMatrix3);
+
+  Matrix3.getColumn(rotMat, 0, camera.direction);
+  Matrix3.getColumn(rotMat, 2, camera.up);
+  Cartesian3.cross(camera.direction, camera.up, camera.right);
+
+  camera._setTransform(currentTransform);
+
+  camera._adjustOrthographicFrustum(true);
+}
+
+function setView2D(camera, position, hpr, convert) {
+  const currentTransform = Matrix4.clone(
+    camera.transform,
+    scratchSetViewTransform1,
+  );
+  camera._setTransform(Matrix4.IDENTITY);
+
+  if (!Cartesian3.equals(position, camera.positionWC)) {
+    if (convert) {
+      const projection = camera._projection;
+      const cartographic = projection.ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(
+        position,
+        scratchSetViewCartographic,
+      );
+      position = projection.project(cartographic, scratchSetViewCartesian);
+    }
+
+    Cartesian2.clone(position, camera.position);
+
+    const newLeft = -position.z * 0.5;
+    const newRight = -newLeft;
+
+    const frustum = camera.frustum;
+    if (newRight > newLeft) {
+      const ratio = frustum.top / frustum.right;
+      frustum.right = newRight;
+      frustum.left = newLeft;
+      frustum.top = frustum.right * ratio;
+      frustum.bottom = -frustum.top;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (camera._scene.mapMode2D === MapMode2D.ROTATE) {
+    hpr.heading = hpr.heading - CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+    hpr.pitch = -CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+    hpr.roll = 0.0;
+    const rotQuat = Quaternion.fromHeadingPitchRoll(
+      hpr,
+      scratchSetViewQuaternion,
+    );
+    const rotMat = Matrix3.fromQuaternion(rotQuat, scratchSetViewMatrix3);
+
+    Matrix3.getColumn(rotMat, 2, camera.up);
+    Cartesian3.cross(camera.direction, camera.up, camera.right);
+  }
+
+  camera._setTransform(currentTransform);
+}
+
+const scratchToHPRDirection = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchToHPRUp = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchToHPRRight = new Cartesian3();
+
+function directionUpToHeadingPitchRoll(camera, position, orientation, result) {
+  const direction = Cartesian3.clone(
+    orientation.direction,
+    scratchToHPRDirection,
+  );
+  const up = Cartesian3.clone(orientation.up, scratchToHPRUp);
+
+  if (camera._scene.mode === SceneMode.SCENE3D) {
+    const ellipsoid = camera._projection.ellipsoid;
+    const transform = Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(
+      position,
+      ellipsoid,
+      scratchHPRMatrix1,
+    );
+    const invTransform = Matrix4.inverseTransformation(
+      transform,
+      scratchHPRMatrix2,
+    );
+
+    Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(invTransform, direction, direction);
+    Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(invTransform, up, up);
+  }
+
+  const right = Cartesian3.cross(direction, up, scratchToHPRRight);
+
+  result.heading = getHeading(direction, up);
+  result.pitch = getPitch(direction);
+  result.roll = getRoll(direction, up, right);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+const scratchSetViewOptions = {
+  destination: undefined,
+  orientation: {
+    direction: undefined,
+    up: undefined,
+    heading: undefined,
+    pitch: undefined,
+    roll: undefined,
+  },
+  convert: undefined,
+  endTransform: undefined,
+};
+
+const scratchHpr = new HeadingPitchRoll();
+/**
+ * Sets the camera position, orientation and transform.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options Object with the following properties:
+ * @param {Cartesian3|Rectangle} [options.destination] The final position of the camera in world coordinates or a rectangle that would be visible from a top-down view.
+ * @param {HeadingPitchRollValues|DirectionUp} [options.orientation] An object that contains either direction and up properties or heading, pitch and roll properties. By default, the direction will point
+ * towards the center of the frame in 3D and in the negative z direction in Columbus view. The up direction will point towards local north in 3D and in the positive
+ * y direction in Columbus view. Orientation is not used in 2D when in infinite scrolling mode.
+ * @param {Matrix4} [options.endTransform] Transform matrix representing the reference frame of the camera.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.convert] Whether to convert the destination from world coordinates to scene coordinates (only relevant when not using 3D). Defaults to <code>true</code>.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // 1. Set position with a top-down view
+ * viewer.camera.setView({
+ *     destination : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-117.16, 32.71, 15000.0)
+ * });
+ *
+ * // 2 Set view with heading, pitch and roll
+ * viewer.camera.setView({
+ *     destination : cartesianPosition,
+ *     orientation: {
+ *         heading : Cesium.Math.toRadians(90.0), // east, default value is 0.0 (north)
+ *         pitch : Cesium.Math.toRadians(-90),    // default value (looking down)
+ *         roll : 0.0                             // default value
+ *     }
+ * });
+ *
+ * // 3. Change heading, pitch and roll with the camera position remaining the same.
+ * viewer.camera.setView({
+ *     orientation: {
+ *         heading : Cesium.Math.toRadians(90.0), // east, default value is 0.0 (north)
+ *         pitch : Cesium.Math.toRadians(-90),    // default value (looking down)
+ *         roll : 0.0                             // default value
+ *     }
+ * });
+ *
+ *
+ * // 4. View rectangle with a top-down view
+ * viewer.camera.setView({
+ *     destination : Cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(west, south, east, north)
+ * });
+ *
+ * // 5. Set position with an orientation using unit vectors.
+ * viewer.camera.setView({
+ *     destination : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-122.19, 46.25, 5000.0),
+ *     orientation : {
+ *         direction : new Cesium.Cartesian3(-0.04231243104240401, -0.20123236049443421, -0.97862924300734),
+ *         up : new Cesium.Cartesian3(-0.47934589305293746, -0.8553216253114552, 0.1966022179118339)
+ *     }
+ * });
+ */
+Camera.prototype.setView = function (options) {
+  options = options ?? Frozen.EMPTY_OBJECT;
+  let orientation = options.orientation ?? Frozen.EMPTY_OBJECT;
+
+  const mode = this._mode;
+  if (mode === SceneMode.MORPHING) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (defined(options.endTransform)) {
+    this._setTransform(options.endTransform);
+  }
+
+  let convert = options.convert ?? true;
+  let destination =
+    options.destination ??
+    Cartesian3.clone(this.positionWC, scratchSetViewCartesian);
+  if (defined(destination) && defined(destination.west)) {
+    destination = this.getRectangleCameraCoordinates(
+      destination,
+      scratchSetViewCartesian,
+    );
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    // destination.z may be null in 2D, but .x and .y should be numeric
+    if (isNaN(destination.x) || isNaN(destination.y)) {
+      throw new DeveloperError(`destination has a NaN component`);
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    convert = false;
+  }
+
+  if (defined(orientation.direction)) {
+    orientation = directionUpToHeadingPitchRoll(
+      this,
+      destination,
+      orientation,
+      scratchSetViewOptions.orientation,
+    );
+  }
+
+  scratchHpr.heading = orientation.heading ?? 0.0;
+  scratchHpr.pitch = orientation.pitch ?? -CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+  scratchHpr.roll = orientation.roll ?? 0.0;
+
+  if (mode === SceneMode.SCENE3D) {
+    setView3D(this, destination, scratchHpr);
+  } else if (mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    setView2D(this, destination, scratchHpr, convert);
+  } else {
+    setViewCV(this, destination, scratchHpr, convert);
+  }
+};
+
+const pitchScratch = new Cartesian3();
+/**
+ * Fly the camera to the home view.  Use {@link Camera#.DEFAULT_VIEW_RECTANGLE} to set
+ * the default view for the 3D scene.  The home view for 2D and columbus view shows the
+ * entire map.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [duration] The duration of the flight in seconds. If omitted, Cesium attempts to calculate an ideal duration based on the distance to be traveled by the flight. See {@link Camera#flyTo}
+ */
+Camera.prototype.flyHome = function (duration) {
+  const mode = this._mode;
+
+  if (mode === SceneMode.MORPHING) {
+    this._scene.completeMorph();
+  }
+
+  if (mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    this.flyTo({
+      destination: Camera.DEFAULT_VIEW_RECTANGLE,
+      duration: duration,
+      endTransform: Matrix4.IDENTITY,
+    });
+  } else if (mode === SceneMode.SCENE3D) {
+    const destination = this.getRectangleCameraCoordinates(
+      Camera.DEFAULT_VIEW_RECTANGLE,
+    );
+
+    let mag = Cartesian3.magnitude(destination);
+    mag += mag * Camera.DEFAULT_VIEW_FACTOR;
+    Cartesian3.normalize(destination, destination);
+    Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(destination, mag, destination);
+
+    this.flyTo({
+      destination: destination,
+      duration: duration,
+      endTransform: Matrix4.IDENTITY,
+    });
+  } else if (mode === SceneMode.COLUMBUS_VIEW) {
+    const maxRadii = this._projection.ellipsoid.maximumRadius;
+    let position = new Cartesian3(0.0, -1.0, 1.0);
+    position = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+      Cartesian3.normalize(position, position),
+      5.0 * maxRadii,
+      position,
+    );
+    this.flyTo({
+      destination: position,
+      duration: duration,
+      orientation: {
+        heading: 0.0,
+        pitch: -Math.acos(Cartesian3.normalize(position, pitchScratch).z),
+        roll: 0.0,
+      },
+      endTransform: Matrix4.IDENTITY,
+      convert: false,
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Transform a vector or point from world coordinates to the camera's reference frame.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian4} cartesian The vector or point to transform.
+ * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+ * @returns {Cartesian4} The transformed vector or point.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.worldToCameraCoordinates = function (cartesian, result) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(cartesian)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("cartesian is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = new Cartesian4();
+  }
+  updateMembers(this);
+  return Matrix4.multiplyByVector(this._actualInvTransform, cartesian, result);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Transform a point from world coordinates to the camera's reference frame.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The point to transform.
+ * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+ * @returns {Cartesian3} The transformed point.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.worldToCameraCoordinatesPoint = function (cartesian, result) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(cartesian)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("cartesian is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = new Cartesian3();
+  }
+  updateMembers(this);
+  return Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(this._actualInvTransform, cartesian, result);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Transform a vector from world coordinates to the camera's reference frame.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The vector to transform.
+ * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+ * @returns {Cartesian3} The transformed vector.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.worldToCameraCoordinatesVector = function (cartesian, result) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(cartesian)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("cartesian is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = new Cartesian3();
+  }
+  updateMembers(this);
+  return Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(
+    this._actualInvTransform,
+    cartesian,
+    result,
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Transform a vector or point from the camera's reference frame to world coordinates.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian4} cartesian The vector or point to transform.
+ * @param {Cartesian4} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+ * @returns {Cartesian4} The transformed vector or point.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.cameraToWorldCoordinates = function (cartesian, result) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(cartesian)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("cartesian is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = new Cartesian4();
+  }
+  updateMembers(this);
+  return Matrix4.multiplyByVector(this._actualTransform, cartesian, result);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Transform a point from the camera's reference frame to world coordinates.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The point to transform.
+ * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+ * @returns {Cartesian3} The transformed point.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.cameraToWorldCoordinatesPoint = function (cartesian, result) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(cartesian)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("cartesian is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = new Cartesian3();
+  }
+  updateMembers(this);
+  return Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(this._actualTransform, cartesian, result);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Transform a vector from the camera's reference frame to world coordinates.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The vector to transform.
+ * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+ * @returns {Cartesian3} The transformed vector.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.cameraToWorldCoordinatesVector = function (cartesian, result) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(cartesian)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("cartesian is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = new Cartesian3();
+  }
+  updateMembers(this);
+  return Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(
+    this._actualTransform,
+    cartesian,
+    result,
+  );
+};
+
+function clampMove2D(camera, position) {
+  const rotatable2D = camera._scene.mapMode2D === MapMode2D.ROTATE;
+  const maxProjectedX = camera._maxCoord.x;
+  const maxProjectedY = camera._maxCoord.y;
+
+  let minX;
+  let maxX;
+  if (rotatable2D) {
+    maxX = maxProjectedX;
+    minX = -maxX;
+  } else {
+    maxX = position.x - maxProjectedX * 2.0;
+    minX = position.x + maxProjectedX * 2.0;
+  }
+
+  if (position.x > maxProjectedX) {
+    position.x = maxX;
+  }
+  if (position.x < -maxProjectedX) {
+    position.x = minX;
+  }
+
+  if (position.y > maxProjectedY) {
+    position.y = maxProjectedY;
+  }
+  if (position.y < -maxProjectedY) {
+    position.y = -maxProjectedY;
+  }
+}
+
+const moveScratch = new Cartesian3();
+/**
+ * Translates the camera's position by <code>amount</code> along <code>direction</code>.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian3} direction The direction to move.
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to <code>defaultMoveAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#moveBackward
+ * @see Camera#moveForward
+ * @see Camera#moveLeft
+ * @see Camera#moveRight
+ * @see Camera#moveUp
+ * @see Camera#moveDown
+ */
+Camera.prototype.move = function (direction, amount) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(direction)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("direction is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  const cameraPosition = this.position;
+  Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(direction, amount, moveScratch);
+  Cartesian3.add(cameraPosition, moveScratch, cameraPosition);
+
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    clampMove2D(this, cameraPosition);
+  }
+  this._adjustOrthographicFrustum(true);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Translates the camera's position by <code>amount</code> along the camera's view vector.
+ * When in 2D mode, this will zoom in the camera instead of translating the camera's position.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to <code>defaultMoveAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#moveBackward
+ */
+Camera.prototype.moveForward = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultMoveAmount;
+
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    // 2D mode
+    zoom2D(this, amount);
+  } else {
+    // 3D or Columbus view mode
+    this.move(this.direction, amount);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Translates the camera's position by <code>amount</code> along the opposite direction
+ * of the camera's view vector.
+ * When in 2D mode, this will zoom out the camera instead of translating the camera's position.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to <code>defaultMoveAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#moveForward
+ */
+Camera.prototype.moveBackward = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultMoveAmount;
+
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    // 2D mode
+    zoom2D(this, -amount);
+  } else {
+    // 3D or Columbus view mode
+    this.move(this.direction, -amount);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Translates the camera's position by <code>amount</code> along the camera's up vector.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to <code>defaultMoveAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#moveDown
+ */
+Camera.prototype.moveUp = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultMoveAmount;
+  this.move(this.up, amount);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Translates the camera's position by <code>amount</code> along the opposite direction
+ * of the camera's up vector.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to <code>defaultMoveAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#moveUp
+ */
+Camera.prototype.moveDown = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultMoveAmount;
+  this.move(this.up, -amount);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Translates the camera's position by <code>amount</code> along the camera's right vector.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to <code>defaultMoveAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#moveLeft
+ */
+Camera.prototype.moveRight = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultMoveAmount;
+  this.move(this.right, amount);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Translates the camera's position by <code>amount</code> along the opposite direction
+ * of the camera's right vector.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in meters, to move. Defaults to <code>defaultMoveAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#moveRight
+ */
+Camera.prototype.moveLeft = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultMoveAmount;
+  this.move(this.right, -amount);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Rotates the camera around its up vector by amount, in radians, in the opposite direction
+ * of its right vector if not in 2D mode.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultLookAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#lookRight
+ */
+Camera.prototype.lookLeft = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultLookAmount;
+
+  // only want view of map to change in 3D mode, 2D visual is incorrect when look changes
+  if (this._mode !== SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    this.look(this.up, -amount);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Rotates the camera around its up vector by amount, in radians, in the direction
+ * of its right vector if not in 2D mode.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultLookAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#lookLeft
+ */
+Camera.prototype.lookRight = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultLookAmount;
+
+  // only want view of map to change in 3D mode, 2D visual is incorrect when look changes
+  if (this._mode !== SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    this.look(this.up, amount);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Rotates the camera around its right vector by amount, in radians, in the direction
+ * of its up vector if not in 2D mode.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultLookAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#lookDown
+ */
+Camera.prototype.lookUp = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultLookAmount;
+
+  // only want view of map to change in 3D mode, 2D visual is incorrect when look changes
+  if (this._mode !== SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    this.look(this.right, -amount);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Rotates the camera around its right vector by amount, in radians, in the opposite direction
+ * of its up vector if not in 2D mode.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultLookAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#lookUp
+ */
+Camera.prototype.lookDown = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultLookAmount;
+
+  // only want view of map to change in 3D mode, 2D visual is incorrect when look changes
+  if (this._mode !== SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    this.look(this.right, amount);
+  }
+};
+
+const lookScratchQuaternion = new Quaternion();
+const lookScratchMatrix = new Matrix3();
+/**
+ * Rotate each of the camera's orientation vectors around <code>axis</code> by <code>angle</code>
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian3} axis The axis to rotate around.
+ * @param {number} [angle] The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultLookAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#lookUp
+ * @see Camera#lookDown
+ * @see Camera#lookLeft
+ * @see Camera#lookRight
+ */
+Camera.prototype.look = function (axis, angle) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(axis)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("axis is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  const turnAngle = angle ?? this.defaultLookAmount;
+  const quaternion = Quaternion.fromAxisAngle(
+    axis,
+    -turnAngle,
+    lookScratchQuaternion,
+  );
+  const rotation = Matrix3.fromQuaternion(quaternion, lookScratchMatrix);
+
+  const direction = this.direction;
+  const up = this.up;
+  const right = this.right;
+
+  Matrix3.multiplyByVector(rotation, direction, direction);
+  Matrix3.multiplyByVector(rotation, up, up);
+  Matrix3.multiplyByVector(rotation, right, right);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Rotate the camera counter-clockwise around its direction vector by amount, in radians.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultLookAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#twistRight
+ */
+Camera.prototype.twistLeft = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultLookAmount;
+  this.look(this.direction, amount);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Rotate the camera clockwise around its direction vector by amount, in radians.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultLookAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#twistLeft
+ */
+Camera.prototype.twistRight = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultLookAmount;
+  this.look(this.direction, -amount);
+};
+
+const rotateScratchQuaternion = new Quaternion();
+const rotateScratchMatrix = new Matrix3();
+/**
+ * Rotates the camera around <code>axis</code> by <code>angle</code>. The distance
+ * of the camera's position to the center of the camera's reference frame remains the same.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian3} axis The axis to rotate around given in world coordinates.
+ * @param {number} [angle] The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultRotateAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#rotateUp
+ * @see Camera#rotateDown
+ * @see Camera#rotateLeft
+ * @see Camera#rotateRight
+ */
+Camera.prototype.rotate = function (axis, angle) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(axis)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("axis is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  const turnAngle = angle ?? this.defaultRotateAmount;
+  const quaternion = Quaternion.fromAxisAngle(
+    axis,
+    -turnAngle,
+    rotateScratchQuaternion,
+  );
+  const rotation = Matrix3.fromQuaternion(quaternion, rotateScratchMatrix);
+  Matrix3.multiplyByVector(rotation, this.position, this.position);
+  Matrix3.multiplyByVector(rotation, this.direction, this.direction);
+  Matrix3.multiplyByVector(rotation, this.up, this.up);
+  Cartesian3.cross(this.direction, this.up, this.right);
+  Cartesian3.cross(this.right, this.direction, this.up);
+
+  this._adjustOrthographicFrustum(false);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Rotates the camera around the center of the camera's reference frame by angle downwards.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [angle] The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultRotateAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#rotateUp
+ * @see Camera#rotate
+ */
+Camera.prototype.rotateDown = function (angle) {
+  angle = angle ?? this.defaultRotateAmount;
+  rotateVertical(this, angle);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Rotates the camera around the center of the camera's reference frame by angle upwards.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [angle] The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultRotateAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#rotateDown
+ * @see Camera#rotate
+ */
+Camera.prototype.rotateUp = function (angle) {
+  angle = angle ?? this.defaultRotateAmount;
+  rotateVertical(this, -angle);
+};
+
+const rotateVertScratchP = new Cartesian3();
+const rotateVertScratchA = new Cartesian3();
+const rotateVertScratchTan = new Cartesian3();
+const rotateVertScratchNegate = new Cartesian3();
+function rotateVertical(camera, angle) {
+  const position = camera.position;
+  if (
+    defined(camera.constrainedAxis) &&
+    !Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon(
+      camera.position,
+      Cartesian3.ZERO,
+      CesiumMath.EPSILON2,
+    )
+  ) {
+    const p = Cartesian3.normalize(position, rotateVertScratchP);
+    const northParallel = Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon(
+      p,
+      camera.constrainedAxis,
+      CesiumMath.EPSILON2,
+    );
+    const southParallel = Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon(
+      p,
+      Cartesian3.negate(camera.constrainedAxis, rotateVertScratchNegate),
+      CesiumMath.EPSILON2,
+    );
+    if (!northParallel && !southParallel) {
+      const constrainedAxis = Cartesian3.normalize(
+        camera.constrainedAxis,
+        rotateVertScratchA,
+      );
+
+      let dot = Cartesian3.dot(p, constrainedAxis);
+      let angleToAxis = CesiumMath.acosClamped(dot);
+      if (angle > 0 && angle > angleToAxis) {
+        angle = angleToAxis - CesiumMath.EPSILON4;
+      }
+
+      dot = Cartesian3.dot(
+        p,
+        Cartesian3.negate(constrainedAxis, rotateVertScratchNegate),
+      );
+      angleToAxis = CesiumMath.acosClamped(dot);
+      if (angle < 0 && -angle > angleToAxis) {
+        angle = -angleToAxis + CesiumMath.EPSILON4;
+      }
+
+      const tangent = Cartesian3.cross(
+        constrainedAxis,
+        p,
+        rotateVertScratchTan,
+      );
+      camera.rotate(tangent, angle);
+    } else if ((northParallel && angle < 0) || (southParallel && angle > 0)) {
+      camera.rotate(camera.right, angle);
+    }
+  } else {
+    camera.rotate(camera.right, angle);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rotates the camera around the center of the camera's reference frame by angle to the right.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [angle] The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultRotateAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#rotateLeft
+ * @see Camera#rotate
+ */
+Camera.prototype.rotateRight = function (angle) {
+  angle = angle ?? this.defaultRotateAmount;
+  rotateHorizontal(this, -angle);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Rotates the camera around the center of the camera's reference frame by angle to the left.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [angle] The angle, in radians, to rotate by. Defaults to <code>defaultRotateAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#rotateRight
+ * @see Camera#rotate
+ */
+Camera.prototype.rotateLeft = function (angle) {
+  angle = angle ?? this.defaultRotateAmount;
+  rotateHorizontal(this, angle);
+};
+
+function rotateHorizontal(camera, angle) {
+  if (defined(camera.constrainedAxis)) {
+    camera.rotate(camera.constrainedAxis, angle);
+  } else {
+    camera.rotate(camera.up, angle);
+  }
+}
+
+function zoom2D(camera, amount) {
+  const frustum = camera.frustum;
+
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (
+    !(frustum instanceof OrthographicOffCenterFrustum) ||
+    !defined(frustum.left) ||
+    !defined(frustum.right) ||
+    !defined(frustum.bottom) ||
+    !defined(frustum.top)
+  ) {
+    throw new DeveloperError(
+      "The camera frustum is expected to be orthographic for 2D camera control.",
+    );
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  let ratio;
+  amount = amount * 0.5;
+
+  if (
+    Math.abs(frustum.top) + Math.abs(frustum.bottom) >
+    Math.abs(frustum.left) + Math.abs(frustum.right)
+  ) {
+    let newTop = frustum.top - amount;
+    let newBottom = frustum.bottom + amount;
+
+    let maxBottom = camera._maxCoord.y;
+    if (camera._scene.mapMode2D === MapMode2D.ROTATE) {
+      maxBottom *= camera.maximumZoomFactor;
+    }
+
+    if (newBottom > maxBottom) {
+      newBottom = maxBottom;
+      newTop = -maxBottom;
+    }
+
+    if (newTop <= newBottom) {
+      newTop = 1.0;
+      newBottom = -1.0;
+    }
+
+    ratio = frustum.right / frustum.top;
+    frustum.top = newTop;
+    frustum.bottom = newBottom;
+    frustum.right = frustum.top * ratio;
+    frustum.left = -frustum.right;
+  } else {
+    let newRight = frustum.right - amount;
+    let newLeft = frustum.left + amount;
+
+    let maxRight = camera._maxCoord.x;
+    if (camera._scene.mapMode2D === MapMode2D.ROTATE) {
+      maxRight *= camera.maximumZoomFactor;
+    }
+
+    if (newRight > maxRight) {
+      newRight = maxRight;
+      newLeft = -maxRight;
+    }
+
+    if (newRight <= newLeft) {
+      newRight = 1.0;
+      newLeft = -1.0;
+    }
+    ratio = frustum.top / frustum.right;
+    frustum.right = newRight;
+    frustum.left = newLeft;
+    frustum.top = frustum.right * ratio;
+    frustum.bottom = -frustum.top;
+  }
+}
+
+function zoom3D(camera, amount) {
+  camera.move(camera.direction, amount);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Zooms <code>amount</code> along the camera's view vector.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount to move. Defaults to <code>defaultZoomAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#zoomOut
+ */
+Camera.prototype.zoomIn = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultZoomAmount;
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    zoom2D(this, amount);
+  } else {
+    zoom3D(this, amount);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Zooms <code>amount</code> along the opposite direction of
+ * the camera's view vector.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [amount] The amount to move. Defaults to <code>defaultZoomAmount</code>.
+ *
+ * @see Camera#zoomIn
+ */
+Camera.prototype.zoomOut = function (amount) {
+  amount = amount ?? this.defaultZoomAmount;
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    zoom2D(this, -amount);
+  } else {
+    zoom3D(this, -amount);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets the magnitude of the camera position. In 3D, this is the vector magnitude. In 2D and
+ * Columbus view, this is the distance to the map.
+ *
+ * @returns {number} The magnitude of the position.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.getMagnitude = function () {
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE3D) {
+    return Cartesian3.magnitude(this.position);
+  } else if (this._mode === SceneMode.COLUMBUS_VIEW) {
+    return Math.abs(this.position.z);
+  } else if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    return Math.max(
+      this.frustum.right - this.frustum.left,
+      this.frustum.top - this.frustum.bottom,
+    );
+  }
+};
+
+const scratchLookAtMatrix4 = new Matrix4();
+
+/**
+ * Sets the camera position and orientation using a target and offset. The target must be given in
+ * world coordinates. The offset can be either a cartesian or heading/pitch/range in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the target.
+ * If the offset is a cartesian, then it is an offset from the center of the reference frame defined by the transformation matrix. If the offset
+ * is heading/pitch/range, then the heading and the pitch angles are defined in the reference frame defined by the transformation matrix.
+ * The heading is the angle from y axis and increasing towards the x axis. Pitch is the rotation from the xy-plane. Positive pitch
+ * angles are below the plane. Negative pitch angles are above the plane. The range is the distance from the center.
+ *
+ * In 2D, there must be a top down view. The camera will be placed above the target looking down. The height above the
+ * target will be the magnitude of the offset. The heading will be determined from the offset. If the heading cannot be
+ * determined from the offset, the heading will be north.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian3} target The target position in world coordinates.
+ * @param {Cartesian3|HeadingPitchRange} offset The offset from the target in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the target.
+ *
+ * @exception {DeveloperError} lookAt is not supported while morphing.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // 1. Using a cartesian offset
+ * const center = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-98.0, 40.0);
+ * viewer.camera.lookAt(center, new Cesium.Cartesian3(0.0, -4790000.0, 3930000.0));
+ *
+ * // 2. Using a HeadingPitchRange offset
+ * const center = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-72.0, 40.0);
+ * const heading = Cesium.Math.toRadians(50.0);
+ * const pitch = Cesium.Math.toRadians(-20.0);
+ * const range = 5000.0;
+ * viewer.camera.lookAt(center, new Cesium.HeadingPitchRange(heading, pitch, range));
+ */
+Camera.prototype.lookAt = function (target, offset) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(target)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("target is required");
+  }
+  if (!defined(offset)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("offset is required");
+  }
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.MORPHING) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("lookAt is not supported while morphing.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  const scene = this._scene;
+  const ellipsoid = scene.ellipsoid ?? Ellipsoid.default;
+
+  const transform = Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(
+    target,
+    ellipsoid,
+    scratchLookAtMatrix4,
+  );
+  this.lookAtTransform(transform, offset);
+};
+
+const scratchLookAtHeadingPitchRangeOffset = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchLookAtHeadingPitchRangeQuaternion1 = new Quaternion();
+const scratchLookAtHeadingPitchRangeQuaternion2 = new Quaternion();
+const scratchHeadingPitchRangeMatrix3 = new Matrix3();
+
+function offsetFromHeadingPitchRange(heading, pitch, range) {
+  pitch = CesiumMath.clamp(
+    pitch,
+    -CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO,
+    CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO,
+  );
+  heading = CesiumMath.zeroToTwoPi(heading) - CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+
+  const pitchQuat = Quaternion.fromAxisAngle(
+    Cartesian3.UNIT_Y,
+    -pitch,
+    scratchLookAtHeadingPitchRangeQuaternion1,
+  );
+  const headingQuat = Quaternion.fromAxisAngle(
+    Cartesian3.UNIT_Z,
+    -heading,
+    scratchLookAtHeadingPitchRangeQuaternion2,
+  );
+  const rotQuat = Quaternion.multiply(headingQuat, pitchQuat, headingQuat);
+  const rotMatrix = Matrix3.fromQuaternion(
+    rotQuat,
+    scratchHeadingPitchRangeMatrix3,
+  );
+
+  const offset = Cartesian3.clone(
+    Cartesian3.UNIT_X,
+    scratchLookAtHeadingPitchRangeOffset,
+  );
+  Matrix3.multiplyByVector(rotMatrix, offset, offset);
+  Cartesian3.negate(offset, offset);
+  Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(offset, range, offset);
+  return offset;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the camera position and orientation using a target and transformation matrix. The offset can be either a cartesian or heading/pitch/range.
+ * If the offset is a cartesian, then it is an offset from the center of the reference frame defined by the transformation matrix. If the offset
+ * is heading/pitch/range, then the heading and the pitch angles are defined in the reference frame defined by the transformation matrix.
+ * The heading is the angle from y axis and increasing towards the x axis. Pitch is the rotation from the xy-plane. Positive pitch
+ * angles are below the plane. Negative pitch angles are above the plane. The range is the distance from the center.
+ *
+ * In 2D, there must be a top down view. The camera will be placed above the center of the reference frame. The height above the
+ * target will be the magnitude of the offset. The heading will be determined from the offset. If the heading cannot be
+ * determined from the offset, the heading will be north.
+ *
+ * @param {Matrix4} transform The transformation matrix defining the reference frame.
+ * @param {Cartesian3|HeadingPitchRange} [offset] The offset from the target in a reference frame centered at the target.
+ *
+ * @exception {DeveloperError} lookAtTransform is not supported while morphing.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // 1. Using a cartesian offset
+ * const transform = Cesium.Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-98.0, 40.0));
+ * viewer.camera.lookAtTransform(transform, new Cesium.Cartesian3(0.0, -4790000.0, 3930000.0));
+ *
+ * // 2. Using a HeadingPitchRange offset
+ * const transform = Cesium.Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-72.0, 40.0));
+ * const heading = Cesium.Math.toRadians(50.0);
+ * const pitch = Cesium.Math.toRadians(-20.0);
+ * const range = 5000.0;
+ * viewer.camera.lookAtTransform(transform, new Cesium.HeadingPitchRange(heading, pitch, range));
+ */
+Camera.prototype.lookAtTransform = function (transform, offset) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(transform)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("transform is required");
+  }
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.MORPHING) {
+    throw new DeveloperError(
+      "lookAtTransform is not supported while morphing.",
+    );
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  this._setTransform(transform);
+  if (!defined(offset)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  let cartesianOffset;
+  if (defined(offset.heading)) {
+    cartesianOffset = offsetFromHeadingPitchRange(
+      offset.heading,
+      offset.pitch,
+      offset.range,
+    );
+  } else {
+    cartesianOffset = offset;
+  }
+
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    Cartesian2.clone(Cartesian2.ZERO, this.position);
+
+    Cartesian3.negate(cartesianOffset, this.up);
+    this.up.z = 0.0;
+
+    if (Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(this.up) < CesiumMath.EPSILON10) {
+      Cartesian3.clone(Cartesian3.UNIT_Y, this.up);
+    }
+
+    Cartesian3.normalize(this.up, this.up);
+
+    this._setTransform(Matrix4.IDENTITY);
+
+    Cartesian3.negate(Cartesian3.UNIT_Z, this.direction);
+    Cartesian3.cross(this.direction, this.up, this.right);
+    Cartesian3.normalize(this.right, this.right);
+
+    const frustum = this.frustum;
+    const ratio = frustum.top / frustum.right;
+    frustum.right = Cartesian3.magnitude(cartesianOffset) * 0.5;
+    frustum.left = -frustum.right;
+    frustum.top = ratio * frustum.right;
+    frustum.bottom = -frustum.top;
+
+    this._setTransform(transform);
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Cartesian3.clone(cartesianOffset, this.position);
+  Cartesian3.negate(this.position, this.direction);
+  Cartesian3.normalize(this.direction, this.direction);
+  Cartesian3.cross(this.direction, Cartesian3.UNIT_Z, this.right);
+
+  if (Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(this.right) < CesiumMath.EPSILON10) {
+    Cartesian3.clone(Cartesian3.UNIT_X, this.right);
+  }
+
+  Cartesian3.normalize(this.right, this.right);
+  Cartesian3.cross(this.right, this.direction, this.up);
+  Cartesian3.normalize(this.up, this.up);
+
+  this._adjustOrthographicFrustum(true);
+};
+
+const viewRectangle3DCartographic1 = new Cartographic();
+const viewRectangle3DCartographic2 = new Cartographic();
+const viewRectangle3DNorthEast = new Cartesian3();
+const viewRectangle3DSouthWest = new Cartesian3();
+const viewRectangle3DNorthWest = new Cartesian3();
+const viewRectangle3DSouthEast = new Cartesian3();
+const viewRectangle3DNorthCenter = new Cartesian3();
+const viewRectangle3DSouthCenter = new Cartesian3();
+const viewRectangle3DCenter = new Cartesian3();
+const viewRectangle3DEquator = new Cartesian3();
+const defaultRF = {
+  direction: new Cartesian3(),
+  right: new Cartesian3(),
+  up: new Cartesian3(),
+};
+let viewRectangle3DEllipsoidGeodesic;
+
+function computeD(direction, upOrRight, corner, tanThetaOrPhi) {
+  const opposite = Math.abs(Cartesian3.dot(upOrRight, corner));
+  return opposite / tanThetaOrPhi - Cartesian3.dot(direction, corner);
+}
+
+function rectangleCameraPosition3D(camera, rectangle, result, updateCamera) {
+  const ellipsoid = camera._projection.ellipsoid;
+  const cameraRF = updateCamera ? camera : defaultRF;
+
+  const { north, south, west } = rectangle;
+  let { east } = rectangle;
+
+  // If we go across the International Date Line
+  if (west > east) {
+    east += CesiumMath.TWO_PI;
+  }
+
+  // Find the midpoint latitude.
+  //
+  // EllipsoidGeodesic will fail if the north and south edges are very close to being on opposite sides of the ellipsoid.
+  // Ideally we'd just call EllipsoidGeodesic.setEndPoints and let it throw when it detects this case, but sadly it doesn't
+  // even look for this case in optimized builds, so we have to test for it here instead.
+  //
+  // Fortunately, this case can only happen (here) when north is very close to the north pole and south is very close to the south pole,
+  // so handle it just by using 0 latitude as the center.  It's certainliy possible to use a smaller tolerance
+  // than one degree here, but one degree is safe and putting the center at 0 latitude should be good enough for any
+  // rectangle that spans 178+ of the 180 degrees of latitude.
+  const longitude = (west + east) * 0.5;
+  let latitude;
+  if (
+    south < -CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO + CesiumMath.RADIANS_PER_DEGREE &&
+    north > CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO - CesiumMath.RADIANS_PER_DEGREE
+  ) {
+    latitude = 0.0;
+  } else {
+    const northCartographic = viewRectangle3DCartographic1;
+    northCartographic.longitude = longitude;
+    northCartographic.latitude = north;
+    northCartographic.height = 0.0;
+
+    const southCartographic = viewRectangle3DCartographic2;
+    southCartographic.longitude = longitude;
+    southCartographic.latitude = south;
+    southCartographic.height = 0.0;
+
+    let ellipsoidGeodesic = viewRectangle3DEllipsoidGeodesic;
+    if (
+      !defined(ellipsoidGeodesic) ||
+      ellipsoidGeodesic.ellipsoid !== ellipsoid
+    ) {
+      viewRectangle3DEllipsoidGeodesic = ellipsoidGeodesic =
+        new EllipsoidGeodesic(undefined, undefined, ellipsoid);
+    }
+
+    ellipsoidGeodesic.setEndPoints(northCartographic, southCartographic);
+    latitude = ellipsoidGeodesic.interpolateUsingFraction(
+      0.5,
+      viewRectangle3DCartographic1,
+    ).latitude;
+  }
+
+  const centerCartographic = viewRectangle3DCartographic1;
+  centerCartographic.longitude = longitude;
+  centerCartographic.latitude = latitude;
+  centerCartographic.height = 0.0;
+
+  const center = ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(
+    centerCartographic,
+    viewRectangle3DCenter,
+  );
+
+  const cart = viewRectangle3DCartographic1;
+  cart.longitude = east;
+  cart.latitude = north;
+  const northEast = ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(
+    cart,
+    viewRectangle3DNorthEast,
+  );
+  cart.longitude = west;
+  const northWest = ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(
+    cart,
+    viewRectangle3DNorthWest,
+  );
+  cart.longitude = longitude;
+  const northCenter = ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(
+    cart,
+    viewRectangle3DNorthCenter,
+  );
+  cart.latitude = south;
+  const southCenter = ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(
+    cart,
+    viewRectangle3DSouthCenter,
+  );
+  cart.longitude = east;
+  const southEast = ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(
+    cart,
+    viewRectangle3DSouthEast,
+  );
+  cart.longitude = west;
+  const southWest = ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(
+    cart,
+    viewRectangle3DSouthWest,
+  );
+
+  Cartesian3.subtract(northWest, center, northWest);
+  Cartesian3.subtract(southEast, center, southEast);
+  Cartesian3.subtract(northEast, center, northEast);
+  Cartesian3.subtract(southWest, center, southWest);
+  Cartesian3.subtract(northCenter, center, northCenter);
+  Cartesian3.subtract(southCenter, center, southCenter);
+
+  const direction = ellipsoid.geodeticSurfaceNormal(center, cameraRF.direction);
+  Cartesian3.negate(direction, direction);
+  const right = Cartesian3.cross(direction, Cartesian3.UNIT_Z, cameraRF.right);
+  Cartesian3.normalize(right, right);
+  const up = Cartesian3.cross(right, direction, cameraRF.up);
+
+  let d;
+  if (camera.frustum instanceof OrthographicFrustum) {
+    const width = Math.max(
+      Cartesian3.distance(northEast, northWest),
+      Cartesian3.distance(southEast, southWest),
+    );
+    const height = Math.max(
+      Cartesian3.distance(northEast, southEast),
+      Cartesian3.distance(northWest, southWest),
+    );
+
+    let rightScalar;
+    let topScalar;
+    const offCenterFrustum = camera.frustum._offCenterFrustum;
+    const ratio = offCenterFrustum.right / offCenterFrustum.top;
+    const heightRatio = height * ratio;
+    if (width > heightRatio) {
+      rightScalar = width;
+      topScalar = rightScalar / ratio;
+    } else {
+      topScalar = height;
+      rightScalar = heightRatio;
+    }
+
+    d = Math.max(rightScalar, topScalar);
+  } else {
+    const tanPhi = Math.tan(camera.frustum.fovy * 0.5);
+    const tanTheta = camera.frustum.aspectRatio * tanPhi;
+
+    d = Math.max(
+      computeD(direction, up, northWest, tanPhi),
+      computeD(direction, up, southEast, tanPhi),
+      computeD(direction, up, northEast, tanPhi),
+      computeD(direction, up, southWest, tanPhi),
+      computeD(direction, up, northCenter, tanPhi),
+      computeD(direction, up, southCenter, tanPhi),
+      computeD(direction, right, northWest, tanTheta),
+      computeD(direction, right, southEast, tanTheta),
+      computeD(direction, right, northEast, tanTheta),
+      computeD(direction, right, southWest, tanTheta),
+      computeD(direction, right, northCenter, tanTheta),
+      computeD(direction, right, southCenter, tanTheta),
+    );
+
+    // If the rectangle crosses the equator, compute D at the equator, too, because that's the
+    // widest part of the rectangle when projected onto the globe.
+    if (south < 0 && north > 0) {
+      const equatorCartographic = viewRectangle3DCartographic1;
+      equatorCartographic.longitude = west;
+      equatorCartographic.latitude = 0.0;
+      equatorCartographic.height = 0.0;
+      let equatorPosition = ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(
+        equatorCartographic,
+        viewRectangle3DEquator,
+      );
+      Cartesian3.subtract(equatorPosition, center, equatorPosition);
+      d = Math.max(
+        d,
+        computeD(direction, up, equatorPosition, tanPhi),
+        computeD(direction, right, equatorPosition, tanTheta),
+      );
+
+      equatorCartographic.longitude = east;
+      equatorPosition = ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(
+        equatorCartographic,
+        viewRectangle3DEquator,
+      );
+      Cartesian3.subtract(equatorPosition, center, equatorPosition);
+      d = Math.max(
+        d,
+        computeD(direction, up, equatorPosition, tanPhi),
+        computeD(direction, right, equatorPosition, tanTheta),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Cartesian3.add(
+    center,
+    Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(direction, -d, viewRectangle3DEquator),
+    result,
+  );
+}
+
+const viewRectangleCVCartographic = new Cartographic();
+const viewRectangleCVNorthEast = new Cartesian3();
+const viewRectangleCVSouthWest = new Cartesian3();
+function rectangleCameraPositionColumbusView(camera, rectangle, result) {
+  const projection = camera._projection;
+  if (rectangle.west > rectangle.east) {
+    rectangle = Rectangle.MAX_VALUE;
+  }
+  const transform = camera._actualTransform;
+  const invTransform = camera._actualInvTransform;
+
+  const cart = viewRectangleCVCartographic;
+  cart.longitude = rectangle.east;
+  cart.latitude = rectangle.north;
+  const northEast = projection.project(cart, viewRectangleCVNorthEast);
+  Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(transform, northEast, northEast);
+  Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(invTransform, northEast, northEast);
+
+  cart.longitude = rectangle.west;
+  cart.latitude = rectangle.south;
+  const southWest = projection.project(cart, viewRectangleCVSouthWest);
+  Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(transform, southWest, southWest);
+  Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(invTransform, southWest, southWest);
+
+  result.x = (northEast.x - southWest.x) * 0.5 + southWest.x;
+  result.y = (northEast.y - southWest.y) * 0.5 + southWest.y;
+
+  if (defined(camera.frustum.fovy)) {
+    const tanPhi = Math.tan(camera.frustum.fovy * 0.5);
+    const tanTheta = camera.frustum.aspectRatio * tanPhi;
+    result.z =
+      Math.max(
+        (northEast.x - southWest.x) / tanTheta,
+        (northEast.y - southWest.y) / tanPhi,
+      ) * 0.5;
+  } else {
+    const width = northEast.x - southWest.x;
+    const height = northEast.y - southWest.y;
+    result.z = Math.max(width, height);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+const viewRectangle2DCartographic = new Cartographic();
+const viewRectangle2DNorthEast = new Cartesian3();
+const viewRectangle2DSouthWest = new Cartesian3();
+function rectangleCameraPosition2D(camera, rectangle, result) {
+  const projection = camera._projection;
+
+  // Account for the rectangle crossing the International Date Line in 2D mode
+  let east = rectangle.east;
+  if (rectangle.west > rectangle.east) {
+    if (camera._scene.mapMode2D === MapMode2D.INFINITE_SCROLL) {
+      east += CesiumMath.TWO_PI;
+    } else {
+      rectangle = Rectangle.MAX_VALUE;
+      east = rectangle.east;
+    }
+  }
+
+  let cart = viewRectangle2DCartographic;
+  cart.longitude = east;
+  cart.latitude = rectangle.north;
+  const northEast = projection.project(cart, viewRectangle2DNorthEast);
+  cart.longitude = rectangle.west;
+  cart.latitude = rectangle.south;
+  const southWest = projection.project(cart, viewRectangle2DSouthWest);
+
+  const width = Math.abs(northEast.x - southWest.x) * 0.5;
+  let height = Math.abs(northEast.y - southWest.y) * 0.5;
+
+  let right, top;
+  const ratio = camera.frustum.right / camera.frustum.top;
+  const heightRatio = height * ratio;
+  if (width > heightRatio) {
+    right = width;
+    top = right / ratio;
+  } else {
+    top = height;
+    right = heightRatio;
+  }
+
+  height = Math.max(2.0 * right, 2.0 * top);
+
+  result.x = (northEast.x - southWest.x) * 0.5 + southWest.x;
+  result.y = (northEast.y - southWest.y) * 0.5 + southWest.y;
+
+  cart = projection.unproject(result, cart);
+  cart.height = height;
+  result = projection.project(cart, result);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the camera position needed to view a rectangle on an ellipsoid or map
+ *
+ * @param {Rectangle} rectangle The rectangle to view.
+ * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The camera position needed to view the rectangle
+ * @returns {Cartesian3} The camera position needed to view the rectangle
+ */
+Camera.prototype.getRectangleCameraCoordinates = function (rectangle, result) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(rectangle)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("rectangle is required");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+  const mode = this._mode;
+
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = new Cartesian3();
+  }
+
+  if (mode === SceneMode.SCENE3D) {
+    return rectangleCameraPosition3D(this, rectangle, result);
+  } else if (mode === SceneMode.COLUMBUS_VIEW) {
+    return rectangleCameraPositionColumbusView(this, rectangle, result);
+  } else if (mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    return rectangleCameraPosition2D(this, rectangle, result);
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+const pickEllipsoid3DRay = new Ray();
+function pickEllipsoid3D(camera, windowPosition, ellipsoid, result) {
+  ellipsoid = ellipsoid ?? Ellipsoid.default;
+  const ray = camera.getPickRay(windowPosition, pickEllipsoid3DRay);
+  const intersection = IntersectionTests.rayEllipsoid(ray, ellipsoid);
+  if (!intersection) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const t = intersection.start > 0.0 ? intersection.start : intersection.stop;
+  return Ray.getPoint(ray, t, result);
+}
+
+const pickEllipsoid2DRay = new Ray();
+function pickMap2D(camera, windowPosition, projection, result) {
+  const ray = camera.getPickRay(windowPosition, pickEllipsoid2DRay);
+  let position = ray.origin;
+  position = Cartesian3.fromElements(position.y, position.z, 0.0, position);
+  const cart = projection.unproject(position);
+
+  if (
+    cart.latitude < -CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO ||
+    cart.latitude > CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO
+  ) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  return projection.ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(cart, result);
+}
+
+const pickEllipsoidCVRay = new Ray();
+function pickMapColumbusView(camera, windowPosition, projection, result) {
+  const ray = camera.getPickRay(windowPosition, pickEllipsoidCVRay);
+  const scalar = -ray.origin.x / ray.direction.x;
+  Ray.getPoint(ray, scalar, result);
+
+  const cart = projection.unproject(new Cartesian3(result.y, result.z, 0.0));
+
+  if (
+    cart.latitude < -CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO ||
+    cart.latitude > CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO ||
+    cart.longitude < -Math.PI ||
+    cart.longitude > Math.PI
+  ) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  return projection.ellipsoid.cartographicToCartesian(cart, result);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pick an ellipsoid or map.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian2} windowPosition The x and y coordinates of a pixel.
+ * @param {Ellipsoid} [ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.default] The ellipsoid to pick.
+ * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+ * @returns {Cartesian3 | undefined} If the ellipsoid or map was picked,
+ * returns the point on the surface of the ellipsoid or map in world
+ * coordinates. If the ellipsoid or map was not picked, returns undefined.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const canvas = viewer.scene.canvas;
+ * const center = new Cesium.Cartesian2(canvas.clientWidth / 2.0, canvas.clientHeight / 2.0);
+ * const ellipsoid = viewer.scene.ellipsoid;
+ * const result = viewer.camera.pickEllipsoid(center, ellipsoid);
+ */
+Camera.prototype.pickEllipsoid = function (windowPosition, ellipsoid, result) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(windowPosition)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("windowPosition is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  const canvas = this._scene.canvas;
+  if (canvas.clientWidth === 0 || canvas.clientHeight === 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = new Cartesian3();
+  }
+
+  ellipsoid = ellipsoid ?? Ellipsoid.default;
+
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE3D) {
+    result = pickEllipsoid3D(this, windowPosition, ellipsoid, result);
+  } else if (this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    result = pickMap2D(this, windowPosition, this._projection, result);
+  } else if (this._mode === SceneMode.COLUMBUS_VIEW) {
+    result = pickMapColumbusView(
+      this,
+      windowPosition,
+      this._projection,
+      result,
+    );
+  } else {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+const pickPerspCenter = new Cartesian3();
+const pickPerspXDir = new Cartesian3();
+const pickPerspYDir = new Cartesian3();
+function getPickRayPerspective(camera, windowPosition, result) {
+  const canvas = camera._scene.canvas;
+  const width = canvas.clientWidth;
+  const height = canvas.clientHeight;
+
+  const tanPhi = Math.tan(camera.frustum.fovy * 0.5);
+  const tanTheta = camera.frustum.aspectRatio * tanPhi;
+  const near = camera.frustum.near;
+
+  const x = (2.0 / width) * windowPosition.x - 1.0;
+  const y = (2.0 / height) * (height - windowPosition.y) - 1.0;
+
+  const position = camera.positionWC;
+  Cartesian3.clone(position, result.origin);
+
+  const nearCenter = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+    camera.directionWC,
+    near,
+    pickPerspCenter,
+  );
+  Cartesian3.add(position, nearCenter, nearCenter);
+  const xDir = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+    camera.rightWC,
+    x * near * tanTheta,
+    pickPerspXDir,
+  );
+  const yDir = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+    camera.upWC,
+    y * near * tanPhi,
+    pickPerspYDir,
+  );
+  const direction = Cartesian3.add(nearCenter, xDir, result.direction);
+  Cartesian3.add(direction, yDir, direction);
+  Cartesian3.subtract(direction, position, direction);
+  Cartesian3.normalize(direction, direction);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+const scratchDirection = new Cartesian3();
+
+function getPickRayOrthographic(camera, windowPosition, result) {
+  const canvas = camera._scene.canvas;
+  const width = canvas.clientWidth;
+  const height = canvas.clientHeight;
+
+  let frustum = camera.frustum;
+  const offCenterFrustum = frustum.offCenterFrustum;
+  if (defined(offCenterFrustum)) {
+    frustum = offCenterFrustum;
+  }
+  let x = (2.0 / width) * windowPosition.x - 1.0;
+  x *= (frustum.right - frustum.left) * 0.5;
+  let y = (2.0 / height) * (height - windowPosition.y) - 1.0;
+  y *= (frustum.top - frustum.bottom) * 0.5;
+
+  const origin = result.origin;
+  Cartesian3.clone(camera.positionWC, origin);
+
+  Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(camera.rightWC, x, scratchDirection);
+  Cartesian3.add(scratchDirection, origin, origin);
+  Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(camera.upWC, y, scratchDirection);
+  Cartesian3.add(scratchDirection, origin, origin);
+
+  Cartesian3.clone(camera.directionWC, result.direction);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a ray from the camera position through the pixel at <code>windowPosition</code>
+ * in world coordinates.
+ *
+ * @param {Cartesian2} windowPosition The x and y coordinates of a pixel.
+ * @param {Ray} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+ * @returns {Ray|undefined} Returns the {@link Cartesian3} position and direction of the ray, or undefined if the pick ray cannot be determined.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.getPickRay = function (windowPosition, result) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(windowPosition)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("windowPosition is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = new Ray();
+  }
+
+  const canvas = this._scene.canvas;
+  if (canvas.clientWidth <= 0 || canvas.clientHeight <= 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const frustum = this.frustum;
+  if (
+    defined(frustum.aspectRatio) &&
+    defined(frustum.fov) &&
+    defined(frustum.near)
+  ) {
+    return getPickRayPerspective(this, windowPosition, result);
+  }
+
+  return getPickRayOrthographic(this, windowPosition, result);
+};
+
+const scratchToCenter = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchProj = new Cartesian3();
+
+/**
+ * Return the distance from the camera to the front of the bounding sphere.
+ *
+ * @param {BoundingSphere} boundingSphere The bounding sphere in world coordinates.
+ * @returns {number} The distance to the bounding sphere.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.distanceToBoundingSphere = function (boundingSphere) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(boundingSphere)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("boundingSphere is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  const toCenter = Cartesian3.subtract(
+    this.positionWC,
+    boundingSphere.center,
+    scratchToCenter,
+  );
+  const proj = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+    this.directionWC,
+    Cartesian3.dot(toCenter, this.directionWC),
+    scratchProj,
+  );
+  return Math.max(0.0, Cartesian3.magnitude(proj) - boundingSphere.radius);
+};
+
+const scratchPixelSize = new Cartesian2();
+
+/**
+ * Return the pixel size in meters.
+ *
+ * @param {BoundingSphere} boundingSphere The bounding sphere in world coordinates.
+ * @param {number} drawingBufferWidth The drawing buffer width.
+ * @param {number} drawingBufferHeight The drawing buffer height.
+ * @returns {number} The pixel size in meters.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.getPixelSize = function (
+  boundingSphere,
+  drawingBufferWidth,
+  drawingBufferHeight,
+) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(boundingSphere)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("boundingSphere is required.");
+  }
+  if (!defined(drawingBufferWidth)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("drawingBufferWidth is required.");
+  }
+  if (!defined(drawingBufferHeight)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("drawingBufferHeight is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  const distance = this.distanceToBoundingSphere(boundingSphere);
+  const pixelSize = this.frustum.getPixelDimensions(
+    drawingBufferWidth,
+    drawingBufferHeight,
+    distance,
+    this._scene.pixelRatio,
+    scratchPixelSize,
+  );
+  return Math.max(pixelSize.x, pixelSize.y);
+};
+
+function createAnimationTemplateCV(
+  camera,
+  position,
+  center,
+  maxX,
+  maxY,
+  duration,
+) {
+  const newPosition = Cartesian3.clone(position);
+
+  if (center.y > maxX) {
+    newPosition.y -= center.y - maxX;
+  } else if (center.y < -maxX) {
+    newPosition.y += -maxX - center.y;
+  }
+
+  if (center.z > maxY) {
+    newPosition.z -= center.z - maxY;
+  } else if (center.z < -maxY) {
+    newPosition.z += -maxY - center.z;
+  }
+
+  function updateCV(value) {
+    const interp = Cartesian3.lerp(
+      position,
+      newPosition,
+      value.time,
+      new Cartesian3(),
+    );
+    camera.worldToCameraCoordinatesPoint(interp, camera.position);
+  }
+  return {
+    easingFunction: EasingFunction.EXPONENTIAL_OUT,
+    startObject: {
+      time: 0.0,
+    },
+    stopObject: {
+      time: 1.0,
+    },
+    duration: duration,
+    update: updateCV,
+  };
+}
+
+const normalScratch = new Cartesian3();
+const centerScratch = new Cartesian3();
+const posScratch = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchCartesian3Subtract = new Cartesian3();
+
+function createAnimationCV(camera, duration) {
+  let position = camera.position;
+  const direction = camera.direction;
+
+  const normal = camera.worldToCameraCoordinatesVector(
+    Cartesian3.UNIT_X,
+    normalScratch,
+  );
+  const scalar =
+    -Cartesian3.dot(normal, position) / Cartesian3.dot(normal, direction);
+  const center = Cartesian3.add(
+    position,
+    Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(direction, scalar, centerScratch),
+    centerScratch,
+  );
+  camera.cameraToWorldCoordinatesPoint(center, center);
+
+  position = camera.cameraToWorldCoordinatesPoint(camera.position, posScratch);
+
+  const tanPhi = Math.tan(camera.frustum.fovy * 0.5);
+  const tanTheta = camera.frustum.aspectRatio * tanPhi;
+  const distToC = Cartesian3.magnitude(
+    Cartesian3.subtract(position, center, scratchCartesian3Subtract),
+  );
+  const dWidth = tanTheta * distToC;
+  const dHeight = tanPhi * distToC;
+
+  const mapWidth = camera._maxCoord.x;
+  const mapHeight = camera._maxCoord.y;
+
+  const maxX = Math.max(dWidth - mapWidth, mapWidth);
+  const maxY = Math.max(dHeight - mapHeight, mapHeight);
+
+  if (
+    position.z < -maxX ||
+    position.z > maxX ||
+    position.y < -maxY ||
+    position.y > maxY
+  ) {
+    const translateX = center.y < -maxX || center.y > maxX;
+    const translateY = center.z < -maxY || center.z > maxY;
+    if (translateX || translateY) {
+      return createAnimationTemplateCV(
+        camera,
+        position,
+        center,
+        maxX,
+        maxY,
+        duration,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create an animation to move the map into view. This method is only valid for 2D and Columbus modes.
+ *
+ * @param {number} duration The duration, in seconds, of the animation.
+ * @returns {object} The animation or undefined if the scene mode is 3D or the map is already ion view.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+Camera.prototype.createCorrectPositionTween = function (duration) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(duration)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("duration is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.COLUMBUS_VIEW) {
+    return createAnimationCV(this, duration);
+  }
+
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+const scratchFlyToDestination = new Cartesian3();
+const newOptions = {
+  destination: undefined,
+  heading: undefined,
+  pitch: undefined,
+  roll: undefined,
+  duration: undefined,
+  complete: undefined,
+  cancel: undefined,
+  endTransform: undefined,
+  maximumHeight: undefined,
+  easingFunction: undefined,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Cancels the current camera flight and leaves the camera at its current location.
+ * If no flight is in progress, this function does nothing.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.cancelFlight = function () {
+  if (defined(this._currentFlight)) {
+    this._currentFlight.cancelTween();
+    this._currentFlight = undefined;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Completes the current camera flight and moves the camera immediately to its final destination.
+ * If no flight is in progress, this function does nothing.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.completeFlight = function () {
+  if (defined(this._currentFlight)) {
+    this._currentFlight.cancelTween();
+
+    const options = {
+      destination: undefined,
+      orientation: {
+        heading: undefined,
+        pitch: undefined,
+        roll: undefined,
+      },
+    };
+
+    options.destination = newOptions.destination;
+    options.orientation.heading = newOptions.heading;
+    options.orientation.pitch = newOptions.pitch;
+    options.orientation.roll = newOptions.roll;
+
+    this.setView(options);
+
+    if (defined(this._currentFlight.complete)) {
+      this._currentFlight.complete();
+    }
+
+    this._currentFlight = undefined;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Flies the camera from its current position to a new position.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options Object with the following properties:
+ * @param {Cartesian3|Rectangle} options.destination The final position of the camera in world coordinates or a rectangle that would be visible from a top-down view.
+ * @param {object} [options.orientation] An object that contains either direction and up properties or heading, pitch and roll properties. By default, the direction will point
+ * towards the center of the frame in 3D and in the negative z direction in Columbus view. The up direction will point towards local north in 3D and in the positive
+ * y direction in Columbus view.  Orientation is not used in 2D when in infinite scrolling mode.
+ * @param {number} [options.duration] The duration of the flight in seconds. If omitted, Cesium attempts to calculate an ideal duration based on the distance to be traveled by the flight.
+ * @param {Camera.FlightCompleteCallback} [options.complete] The function to execute when the flight is complete.
+ * @param {Camera.FlightCancelledCallback} [options.cancel] The function to execute if the flight is cancelled.
+ * @param {Matrix4} [options.endTransform] Transform matrix representing the reference frame the camera will be in when the flight is completed.
+ * @param {number} [options.maximumHeight] The maximum height at the peak of the flight.
+ * @param {number} [options.pitchAdjustHeight] If camera flyes higher than that value, adjust pitch duiring the flight to look down, and keep Earth in viewport.
+ * @param {number} [options.flyOverLongitude] There are always two ways between 2 points on globe. This option force camera to choose fight direction to fly over that longitude.
+ * @param {number} [options.flyOverLongitudeWeight] Fly over the lon specifyed via flyOverLongitude only if that way is not longer than short way times flyOverLongitudeWeight.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.convert] Whether to convert the destination from world coordinates to scene coordinates (only relevant when not using 3D). Defaults to <code>true</code>.
+ * @param {EasingFunction.Callback} [options.easingFunction] Controls how the time is interpolated over the duration of the flight.
+ *
+ * @exception {DeveloperError} If either direction or up is given, then both are required.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // 1. Fly to a position with a top-down view
+ * viewer.camera.flyTo({
+ *     destination : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-117.16, 32.71, 15000.0)
+ * });
+ *
+ * // 2. Fly to a Rectangle with a top-down view
+ * viewer.camera.flyTo({
+ *     destination : Cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(west, south, east, north)
+ * });
+ *
+ * // 3. Fly to a position with an orientation using unit vectors.
+ * viewer.camera.flyTo({
+ *     destination : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-122.19, 46.25, 5000.0),
+ *     orientation : {
+ *         direction : new Cesium.Cartesian3(-0.04231243104240401, -0.20123236049443421, -0.97862924300734),
+ *         up : new Cesium.Cartesian3(-0.47934589305293746, -0.8553216253114552, 0.1966022179118339)
+ *     }
+ * });
+ *
+ * // 4. Fly to a position with an orientation using heading, pitch and roll.
+ * viewer.camera.flyTo({
+ *     destination : Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-122.19, 46.25, 5000.0),
+ *     orientation : {
+ *         heading : Cesium.Math.toRadians(175.0),
+ *         pitch : Cesium.Math.toRadians(-35.0),
+ *         roll : 0.0
+ *     }
+ * });
+ */
+Camera.prototype.flyTo = function (options) {
+  options = options ?? Frozen.EMPTY_OBJECT;
+  let destination = options.destination;
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(destination)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("destination is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  const mode = this._mode;
+  if (mode === SceneMode.MORPHING) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this.cancelFlight();
+
+  const isRectangle = destination instanceof Rectangle;
+  if (isRectangle) {
+    destination = this.getRectangleCameraCoordinates(
+      destination,
+      scratchFlyToDestination,
+    );
+  }
+
+  let orientation = options.orientation ?? Frozen.EMPTY_OBJECT;
+  if (defined(orientation.direction)) {
+    orientation = directionUpToHeadingPitchRoll(
+      this,
+      destination,
+      orientation,
+      scratchSetViewOptions.orientation,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (defined(options.duration) && options.duration <= 0.0) {
+    const setViewOptions = scratchSetViewOptions;
+    setViewOptions.destination = options.destination;
+    setViewOptions.orientation.heading = orientation.heading;
+    setViewOptions.orientation.pitch = orientation.pitch;
+    setViewOptions.orientation.roll = orientation.roll;
+    setViewOptions.convert = options.convert;
+    setViewOptions.endTransform = options.endTransform;
+    this.setView(setViewOptions);
+    if (typeof options.complete === "function") {
+      options.complete();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const that = this;
+  /* eslint-disable-next-line prefer-const */
+  let flightTween;
+
+  newOptions.destination = destination;
+  newOptions.heading = orientation.heading;
+  newOptions.pitch = orientation.pitch;
+  newOptions.roll = orientation.roll;
+  newOptions.duration = options.duration;
+  newOptions.complete = function () {
+    if (flightTween === that._currentFlight) {
+      that._currentFlight = undefined;
+    }
+    if (defined(options.complete)) {
+      options.complete();
+    }
+  };
+  newOptions.cancel = options.cancel;
+  newOptions.endTransform = options.endTransform;
+  newOptions.convert = isRectangle ? false : options.convert;
+  newOptions.maximumHeight = options.maximumHeight;
+  newOptions.pitchAdjustHeight = options.pitchAdjustHeight;
+  newOptions.flyOverLongitude = options.flyOverLongitude;
+  newOptions.flyOverLongitudeWeight = options.flyOverLongitudeWeight;
+  newOptions.easingFunction = options.easingFunction;
+
+  const scene = this._scene;
+  const tweenOptions = CameraFlightPath.createTween(scene, newOptions);
+  // If the camera doesn't actually need to go anywhere, duration
+  // will be 0 and we can just complete the current flight.
+  if (tweenOptions.duration === 0) {
+    if (typeof tweenOptions.complete === "function") {
+      tweenOptions.complete();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  flightTween = scene.tweens.add(tweenOptions);
+  this._currentFlight = flightTween;
+
+  // Save the final destination view information for the PRELOAD_FLIGHT pass.
+  let preloadFlightCamera = this._scene.preloadFlightCamera;
+  if (this._mode !== SceneMode.SCENE2D) {
+    if (!defined(preloadFlightCamera)) {
+      preloadFlightCamera = Camera.clone(this);
+    }
+    preloadFlightCamera.setView({
+      destination: destination,
+      orientation: orientation,
+    });
+
+    this._scene.preloadFlightCullingVolume =
+      preloadFlightCamera.frustum.computeCullingVolume(
+        preloadFlightCamera.positionWC,
+        preloadFlightCamera.directionWC,
+        preloadFlightCamera.upWC,
+      );
+  }
+};
+
+function distanceToBoundingSphere3D(camera, radius) {
+  const frustum = camera.frustum;
+  const tanPhi = Math.tan(frustum.fovy * 0.5);
+  const tanTheta = frustum.aspectRatio * tanPhi;
+  return Math.max(radius / tanTheta, radius / tanPhi);
+}
+
+function distanceToBoundingSphere2D(camera, radius) {
+  let frustum = camera.frustum;
+  const offCenterFrustum = frustum.offCenterFrustum;
+  if (defined(offCenterFrustum)) {
+    frustum = offCenterFrustum;
+  }
+
+  let right, top;
+  const ratio = frustum.right / frustum.top;
+  const heightRatio = radius * ratio;
+  if (radius > heightRatio) {
+    right = radius;
+    top = right / ratio;
+  } else {
+    top = radius;
+    right = heightRatio;
+  }
+
+  return Math.max(right, top) * 1.5;
+}
+
+const MINIMUM_ZOOM = 100.0;
+
+function adjustBoundingSphereOffset(camera, boundingSphere, offset) {
+  offset = HeadingPitchRange.clone(
+    defined(offset) ? offset : Camera.DEFAULT_OFFSET,
+  );
+
+  const minimumZoom =
+    camera._scene.screenSpaceCameraController.minimumZoomDistance;
+  const maximumZoom =
+    camera._scene.screenSpaceCameraController.maximumZoomDistance;
+  const range = offset.range;
+  if (!defined(range) || range === 0.0) {
+    const radius = boundingSphere.radius;
+    if (radius === 0.0) {
+      offset.range = MINIMUM_ZOOM;
+    } else if (
+      camera.frustum instanceof OrthographicFrustum ||
+      camera._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D
+    ) {
+      offset.range = distanceToBoundingSphere2D(camera, radius);
+    } else {
+      offset.range = distanceToBoundingSphere3D(camera, radius);
+    }
+    offset.range = CesiumMath.clamp(offset.range, minimumZoom, maximumZoom);
+  }
+
+  return offset;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the camera so that the current view contains the provided bounding sphere.
+ *
+ * <p>The offset is heading/pitch/range in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the center of the bounding sphere.
+ * The heading and the pitch angles are defined in the local east-north-up reference frame.
+ * The heading is the angle from y axis and increasing towards the x axis. Pitch is the rotation from the xy-plane. Positive pitch
+ * angles are below the plane. Negative pitch angles are above the plane. The range is the distance from the center. If the range is
+ * zero, a range will be computed such that the whole bounding sphere is visible.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>In 2D, there must be a top down view. The camera will be placed above the target looking down. The height above the
+ * target will be the range. The heading will be determined from the offset. If the heading cannot be
+ * determined from the offset, the heading will be north.</p>
+ *
+ * @param {BoundingSphere} boundingSphere The bounding sphere to view, in world coordinates.
+ * @param {HeadingPitchRange} [offset] The offset from the target in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the target.
+ *
+ * @exception {DeveloperError} viewBoundingSphere is not supported while morphing.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.viewBoundingSphere = function (boundingSphere, offset) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(boundingSphere)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("boundingSphere is required.");
+  }
+
+  if (this._mode === SceneMode.MORPHING) {
+    throw new DeveloperError(
+      "viewBoundingSphere is not supported while morphing.",
+    );
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  offset = adjustBoundingSphereOffset(this, boundingSphere, offset);
+  this.lookAt(boundingSphere.center, offset);
+};
+
+const scratchflyToBoundingSphereTransform = new Matrix4();
+const scratchflyToBoundingSphereDestination = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchflyToBoundingSphereDirection = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchflyToBoundingSphereUp = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchflyToBoundingSphereRight = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchFlyToBoundingSphereCart4 = new Cartesian4();
+const scratchFlyToBoundingSphereQuaternion = new Quaternion();
+const scratchFlyToBoundingSphereMatrix3 = new Matrix3();
+
+/**
+ * Flies the camera to a location where the current view contains the provided bounding sphere.
+ *
+ * <p> The offset is heading/pitch/range in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the center of the bounding sphere.
+ * The heading and the pitch angles are defined in the local east-north-up reference frame.
+ * The heading is the angle from y axis and increasing towards the x axis. Pitch is the rotation from the xy-plane. Positive pitch
+ * angles are below the plane. Negative pitch angles are above the plane. The range is the distance from the center. If the range is
+ * zero, a range will be computed such that the whole bounding sphere is visible.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>In 2D and Columbus View, there must be a top down view. The camera will be placed above the target looking down. The height above the
+ * target will be the range. The heading will be aligned to local north.</p>
+ *
+ * @param {BoundingSphere} boundingSphere The bounding sphere to view, in world coordinates.
+ * @param {object} [options] Object with the following properties:
+ * @param {number} [options.duration] The duration of the flight in seconds. If omitted, Cesium attempts to calculate an ideal duration based on the distance to be traveled by the flight.
+ * @param {HeadingPitchRange} [options.offset] The offset from the target in the local east-north-up reference frame centered at the target.
+ * @param {Camera.FlightCompleteCallback} [options.complete] The function to execute when the flight is complete.
+ * @param {Camera.FlightCancelledCallback} [options.cancel] The function to execute if the flight is cancelled.
+ * @param {Matrix4} [options.endTransform] Transform matrix representing the reference frame the camera will be in when the flight is completed.
+ * @param {number} [options.maximumHeight] The maximum height at the peak of the flight.
+ * @param {number} [options.pitchAdjustHeight] If camera flyes higher than that value, adjust pitch duiring the flight to look down, and keep Earth in viewport.
+ * @param {number} [options.flyOverLongitude] There are always two ways between 2 points on globe. This option force camera to choose fight direction to fly over that longitude.
+ * @param {number} [options.flyOverLongitudeWeight] Fly over the lon specifyed via flyOverLongitude only if that way is not longer than short way times flyOverLongitudeWeight.
+ * @param {EasingFunction.Callback} [options.easingFunction] Controls how the time is interpolated over the duration of the flight.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.flyToBoundingSphere = function (boundingSphere, options) {
+  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+  if (!defined(boundingSphere)) {
+    throw new DeveloperError("boundingSphere is required.");
+  }
+  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+  options = options ?? Frozen.EMPTY_OBJECT;
+  const scene2D =
+    this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D || this._mode === SceneMode.COLUMBUS_VIEW;
+  this._setTransform(Matrix4.IDENTITY);
+  const offset = adjustBoundingSphereOffset(
+    this,
+    boundingSphere,
+    options.offset,
+  );
+
+  let position;
+  if (scene2D) {
+    position = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+      Cartesian3.UNIT_Z,
+      offset.range,
+      scratchflyToBoundingSphereDestination,
+    );
+  } else {
+    position = offsetFromHeadingPitchRange(
+      offset.heading,
+      offset.pitch,
+      offset.range,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const scene = this._scene;
+  const ellipsoid = scene.ellipsoid ?? Ellipsoid.default;
+
+  const transform = Transforms.eastNorthUpToFixedFrame(
+    boundingSphere.center,
+    ellipsoid,
+    scratchflyToBoundingSphereTransform,
+  );
+  Matrix4.multiplyByPoint(transform, position, position);
+
+  let direction;
+  let up;
+
+  if (!scene2D) {
+    direction = Cartesian3.subtract(
+      boundingSphere.center,
+      position,
+      scratchflyToBoundingSphereDirection,
+    );
+    Cartesian3.normalize(direction, direction);
+
+    up = Matrix4.multiplyByPointAsVector(
+      transform,
+      Cartesian3.UNIT_Z,
+      scratchflyToBoundingSphereUp,
+    );
+    if (1.0 - Math.abs(Cartesian3.dot(direction, up)) < CesiumMath.EPSILON6) {
+      const rotateQuat = Quaternion.fromAxisAngle(
+        direction,
+        offset.heading,
+        scratchFlyToBoundingSphereQuaternion,
+      );
+      const rotation = Matrix3.fromQuaternion(
+        rotateQuat,
+        scratchFlyToBoundingSphereMatrix3,
+      );
+
+      Cartesian3.fromCartesian4(
+        Matrix4.getColumn(transform, 1, scratchFlyToBoundingSphereCart4),
+        up,
+      );
+      Matrix3.multiplyByVector(rotation, up, up);
+    }
+
+    const right = Cartesian3.cross(
+      direction,
+      up,
+      scratchflyToBoundingSphereRight,
+    );
+    Cartesian3.cross(right, direction, up);
+    Cartesian3.normalize(up, up);
+  }
+
+  this.flyTo({
+    destination: position,
+    orientation: {
+      direction: direction,
+      up: up,
+    },
+    duration: options.duration,
+    complete: options.complete,
+    cancel: options.cancel,
+    endTransform: options.endTransform,
+    maximumHeight: options.maximumHeight,
+    easingFunction: options.easingFunction,
+    flyOverLongitude: options.flyOverLongitude,
+    flyOverLongitudeWeight: options.flyOverLongitudeWeight,
+    pitchAdjustHeight: options.pitchAdjustHeight,
+  });
+};
+
+const scratchCartesian3_1 = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchCartesian3_2 = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchCartesian3_3 = new Cartesian3();
+const scratchCartesian3_4 = new Cartesian3();
+const horizonPoints = [
+  new Cartesian3(),
+  new Cartesian3(),
+  new Cartesian3(),
+  new Cartesian3(),
+];
+
+function computeHorizonQuad(camera, ellipsoid) {
+  const radii = ellipsoid.radii;
+  const p = camera.positionWC;
+
+  // Find the corresponding position in the scaled space of the ellipsoid.
+  const q = Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(
+    ellipsoid.oneOverRadii,
+    p,
+    scratchCartesian3_1,
+  );
+
+  const qMagnitude = Cartesian3.magnitude(q);
+  const qUnit = Cartesian3.normalize(q, scratchCartesian3_2);
+
+  // Determine the east and north directions at q.
+  let eUnit;
+  let nUnit;
+  if (
+    Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon(qUnit, Cartesian3.UNIT_Z, CesiumMath.EPSILON10)
+  ) {
+    eUnit = new Cartesian3(0, 1, 0);
+    nUnit = new Cartesian3(0, 0, 1);
+  } else {
+    eUnit = Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cartesian3.cross(Cartesian3.UNIT_Z, qUnit, scratchCartesian3_3),
+      scratchCartesian3_3,
+    );
+    nUnit = Cartesian3.normalize(
+      Cartesian3.cross(qUnit, eUnit, scratchCartesian3_4),
+      scratchCartesian3_4,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Determine the radius of the 'limb' of the ellipsoid.
+  const wMagnitude = Math.sqrt(Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(q) - 1.0);
+
+  // Compute the center and offsets.
+  const center = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+    qUnit,
+    1.0 / qMagnitude,
+    scratchCartesian3_1,
+  );
+  const scalar = wMagnitude / qMagnitude;
+  const eastOffset = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+    eUnit,
+    scalar,
+    scratchCartesian3_2,
+  );
+  const northOffset = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+    nUnit,
+    scalar,
+    scratchCartesian3_3,
+  );
+
+  // A conservative measure for the longitudes would be to use the min/max longitudes of the bounding frustum.
+  const upperLeft = Cartesian3.add(center, northOffset, horizonPoints[0]);
+  Cartesian3.subtract(upperLeft, eastOffset, upperLeft);
+  Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(radii, upperLeft, upperLeft);
+
+  const lowerLeft = Cartesian3.subtract(center, northOffset, horizonPoints[1]);
+  Cartesian3.subtract(lowerLeft, eastOffset, lowerLeft);
+  Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(radii, lowerLeft, lowerLeft);
+
+  const lowerRight = Cartesian3.subtract(center, northOffset, horizonPoints[2]);
+  Cartesian3.add(lowerRight, eastOffset, lowerRight);
+  Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(radii, lowerRight, lowerRight);
+
+  const upperRight = Cartesian3.add(center, northOffset, horizonPoints[3]);
+  Cartesian3.add(upperRight, eastOffset, upperRight);
+  Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(radii, upperRight, upperRight);
+
+  return horizonPoints;
+}
+
+const scratchPickCartesian2 = new Cartesian2();
+const scratchRectCartesian = new Cartesian3();
+const cartoArray = [
+  new Cartographic(),
+  new Cartographic(),
+  new Cartographic(),
+  new Cartographic(),
+];
+function addToResult(x, y, index, camera, ellipsoid, computedHorizonQuad) {
+  scratchPickCartesian2.x = x;
+  scratchPickCartesian2.y = y;
+  const r = camera.pickEllipsoid(
+    scratchPickCartesian2,
+    ellipsoid,
+    scratchRectCartesian,
+  );
+  if (defined(r)) {
+    cartoArray[index] = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(r, cartoArray[index]);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  cartoArray[index] = ellipsoid.cartesianToCartographic(
+    computedHorizonQuad[index],
+    cartoArray[index],
+  );
+  return 0;
+}
+/**
+ * Computes the approximate visible rectangle on the ellipsoid.
+ *
+ * @param {Ellipsoid} [ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.default] The ellipsoid that you want to know the visible region.
+ * @param {Rectangle} [result] The rectangle in which to store the result
+ *
+ * @returns {Rectangle|undefined} The visible rectangle or undefined if the ellipsoid isn't visible at all.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.computeViewRectangle = function (ellipsoid, result) {
+  ellipsoid = ellipsoid ?? Ellipsoid.default;
+  const cullingVolume = this.frustum.computeCullingVolume(
+    this.positionWC,
+    this.directionWC,
+    this.upWC,
+  );
+  const boundingSphere = new BoundingSphere(
+    Cartesian3.ZERO,
+    ellipsoid.maximumRadius,
+  );
+  const visibility = cullingVolume.computeVisibility(boundingSphere);
+  if (visibility === Intersect.OUTSIDE) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const canvas = this._scene.canvas;
+  const width = canvas.clientWidth;
+  const height = canvas.clientHeight;
+
+  let successfulPickCount = 0;
+
+  const computedHorizonQuad = computeHorizonQuad(this, ellipsoid);
+
+  successfulPickCount += addToResult(
+    0,
+    0,
+    0,
+    this,
+    ellipsoid,
+    computedHorizonQuad,
+  );
+  successfulPickCount += addToResult(
+    0,
+    height,
+    1,
+    this,
+    ellipsoid,
+    computedHorizonQuad,
+  );
+  successfulPickCount += addToResult(
+    width,
+    height,
+    2,
+    this,
+    ellipsoid,
+    computedHorizonQuad,
+  );
+  successfulPickCount += addToResult(
+    width,
+    0,
+    3,
+    this,
+    ellipsoid,
+    computedHorizonQuad,
+  );
+
+  if (successfulPickCount < 2) {
+    // If we have space non-globe in 3 or 4 corners then return the whole globe
+    return Rectangle.MAX_VALUE;
+  }
+
+  result = Rectangle.fromCartographicArray(cartoArray, result);
+
+  // Detect if we go over the poles
+  let distance = 0;
+  let lastLon = cartoArray[3].longitude;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    const lon = cartoArray[i].longitude;
+    const diff = Math.abs(lon - lastLon);
+    if (diff > CesiumMath.PI) {
+      // Crossed the dateline
+      distance += CesiumMath.TWO_PI - diff;
+    } else {
+      distance += diff;
+    }
+
+    lastLon = lon;
+  }
+
+  // We are over one of the poles so adjust the rectangle accordingly
+  if (
+    CesiumMath.equalsEpsilon(
+      Math.abs(distance),
+      CesiumMath.TWO_PI,
+      CesiumMath.EPSILON9,
+    )
+  ) {
+    result.west = -CesiumMath.PI;
+    result.east = CesiumMath.PI;
+    if (cartoArray[0].latitude >= 0.0) {
+      result.north = CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+    } else {
+      result.south = -CesiumMath.PI_OVER_TWO;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Switches the frustum/projection to perspective.
+ *
+ * This function is a no-op in 2D which must always be orthographic.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.switchToPerspectiveFrustum = function () {
+  if (
+    this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D ||
+    this.frustum instanceof PerspectiveFrustum
+  ) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const scene = this._scene;
+  this.frustum = new PerspectiveFrustum();
+  this.frustum.aspectRatio =
+    scene.drawingBufferWidth / scene.drawingBufferHeight;
+  this.frustum.fov = CesiumMath.toRadians(60.0);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Switches the frustum/projection to orthographic.
+ *
+ * This function is a no-op in 2D which will always be orthographic.
+ */
+Camera.prototype.switchToOrthographicFrustum = function () {
+  if (
+    this._mode === SceneMode.SCENE2D ||
+    this.frustum instanceof OrthographicFrustum
+  ) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // This must be called before changing the frustum because it uses the previous
+  // frustum to reconstruct the world space position from the depth buffer.
+  const frustumWidth = calculateOrthographicFrustumWidth(this);
+
+  const scene = this._scene;
+  this.frustum = new OrthographicFrustum();
+  this.frustum.aspectRatio =
+    scene.drawingBufferWidth / scene.drawingBufferHeight;
+  this.frustum.width = frustumWidth;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+Camera.clone = function (camera, result) {
+  if (!defined(result)) {
+    result = new Camera(camera._scene);
+  }
+
+  Cartesian3.clone(camera.position, result.position);
+  Cartesian3.clone(camera.direction, result.direction);
+  Cartesian3.clone(camera.up, result.up);
+  Cartesian3.clone(camera.right, result.right);
+  Matrix4.clone(camera._transform, result.transform);
+  result._transformChanged = true;
+  result.frustum = camera.frustum.clone();
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * A function that will execute when a flight completes.
+ * @callback Camera.FlightCompleteCallback
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A function that will execute when a flight is cancelled.
+ * @callback Camera.FlightCancelledCallback
+ */
+export default Camera;