@syllst/th 0.1.0

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-04.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+---
+type: lesson
+id: thai-script-lesson-04
+title: "บทที่ 4 — พยัญชนะสูง II"
+description: "High-Class Consonants Part 2: ถ ฉ ผ ฝ — Completing the aspirated set"
+order: 4
+parentId: thai-script-alphabet
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - high-class
+  - aspirated
+  - basic-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites:
+    - thai-script-lesson-03
+  objectives:
+    - "Learn 4 more high-class consonants"
+    - "Understand TH and PH/F sound pairs"
+    - "Complete your high-class consonant inventory"
+    - "Practice distinguishing aspirated sounds"
+---
+
+# บทที่ 4 (Lesson 4) — High-Class Consonants II
+
+## Introduction
+
+In this lesson, you'll learn 4 more high-class consonants, focusing on the **TH** sounds (ถ) and **PH/F** sounds (ฉ ผ ฝ). These complete the most common high-class consonants.
+
+## The TH Sound Family
+
+Thai has many consonants romanized as "TH" — but they're NOT like English "th" (as in "think"). Thai TH is simply an **aspirated T** — a T with a puff of air. The tongue position is the same as T, not the English TH.
+
+| Consonant | Class | Sound | Notes |
+|-----------|-------|-------|-------|
+| ต | Middle | t (unaspirated) | No air puff |
+| ถ | High | th (aspirated) | Strong air puff |
+| ท | Low | th (aspirated) | Same as ถ, different class |
+| ธ | Low | th (aspirated) | Same sound |
+
+The TH consonants all sound identical! The class determines tone, not sound quality.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="thai-high-consonants-2" title="High-Class Consonants II"}
+
+::character{id="th-bag" char="ถ" name="ถ ถุง (thɔ̌ɔ thǔng)" nativeName="ถ ถุง" transliteration="th/t" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-cymbals" char="ฉ" name="ฉ ฉิ่ง (chɔ̌ɔ chìng)" nativeName="ฉ ฉิ่ง" transliteration="ch/-" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-bee" char="ผ" name="ผ ผึ้ง (phɔ̌ɔ phʉ̂ng)" nativeName="ผ ผึ้ง" transliteration="ph/-" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-lid" char="ฝ" name="ฝ ฝา (fɔ̌ɔ fǎa)" nativeName="ฝ ฝา" transliteration="f/-" charType="consonant"}
+
+:::
+
+## The CH Sound Pair
+
+Thai has two CH consonants:
+
+| Consonant | Class | Example |
+|-----------|-------|---------|
+| ฉ (cymbals) | High | ฉัน (chǎn) "I" — rising tone |
+| ช (elephant) | Low | ช้าง (cháang) "elephant" |
+
+Both sound like English "ch" in "chair". The difference is purely tonal:
+- ฉา = chǎa (rising)
+- ชา = chaa (mid) or cháa (with tone mark)
+
+## The PH/F Family
+
+Thai distinguishes between aspirated P (PH) and F:
+
+**PH sounds** (aspirated P, lips together then release):
+| Consonant | Class |
+|-----------|-------|
+| ผ (bee) | High |
+| พ (tray) | Low |
+| ภ (ship) | Low |
+
+**F sounds** (continuous air through lips):
+| Consonant | Class |
+|-----------|-------|
+| ฝ (lid) | High |
+| ฟ (tooth) | Low |
+
+To English speakers, PH and F sound similar. In Thai:
+- **PH** = explosive release (like English "p" + breath)
+- **F** = continuous friction (like English "f")
+
+## Why So Many Duplicates?
+
+You might wonder: why have ถ ท ธ all making the same TH sound?
+
+Historical reasons! These consonants came from different Sanskrit/Pali sounds:
+- ถ, ท = different Sanskrit dental sounds
+- ธ = Sanskrit voiced aspirate
+
+Over centuries, they merged in pronunciation but remained distinct in spelling — like English "knight" keeping its silent K.
+
+## Consonants Without Final Forms
+
+Notice that ฉ, ผ, and ฝ have no final sound listed. These consonants:
+1. Rarely or never appear in final position in native Thai words
+2. When they do (in loanwords), they're pronounced as the closest final sound
+
+This is common for high-class consonants — many are initial-only.
+
+## High-Class Summary
+
+You've now learned 7 of the 11 high-class consonants:
+
+| Learned | Sound | Mnemonic |
+|---------|-------|----------|
+| ข | kh | Egg |
+| ส | s | Tiger |
+| ห | h | Box |
+| ถ | th | Bag |
+| ฉ | ch | Cymbals |
+| ผ | ph | Bee |
+| ฝ | f | Lid |
+
+The remaining 4 (ฐ ศ ษ ฑ) are rare and will be covered in advanced lessons.
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Thai TH ≠ English TH**: It's aspirated T, not the "think" sound
+2. **PH ≠ F**: PH is explosive, F is continuous friction
+3. **Same sound, different class**: Many TH and PH consonants sound identical
+4. **Initial-only consonants**: ฉ, ผ, ฝ almost never end syllables
+5. **Historical spelling**: Duplicate sounds exist due to Sanskrit origins
+
+## Shape Recognition
+
+- **ถ** looks like ก/ข family (K-sounds) with modifications
+- **ฉ** has a hook shape
+- **ผ** and **ฝ** look similar — ฝ has the extra curve on top
+- Note how related sounds often have related shapes
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="high-2-matching" type="matching" title="Match Consonants to Mnemonics"}
+
+**Question:** Match each high-class consonant to its mnemonic word
+
+- ถ
+- ฉ
+- ผ
+- ฝ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- bag (ถุง)
+- cymbals (ฉิ่ง)
+- bee (ผึ้ง)
+- lid (ฝา)
+
+**Explanation:** Each Thai consonant has a traditional mnemonic word that helps remember both the character and its sound.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="high-2-sound-recognition" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Recognition"}
+
+**Question:** Which consonant makes each sound?
+
+- Aspirated TH sound (like "top" with more breath)
+- CH sound (like "chair")
+- Aspirated PH sound (explosive P with breath)
+- F sound (continuous friction)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ถ (thɔ̌ɔ thǔng)
+- ฉ (chɔ̌ɔ chìng)
+- ผ (phɔ̌ɔ phʉ̂ng)
+- ฝ (fɔ̌ɔ fǎa)
+
+**Explanation:** High-class consonants are aspirated versions of sounds. PH is explosive (lips together then release), while F is continuous (air through lips).
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="high-2-class-comparison" type="multiple-choice" title="Class Comparison"}
+
+**Question:** Which pair of consonants makes the same sound but belongs to different classes?
+
+**Options:**
+- ก and ข
+- ถ and ท
+- ผ and ฝ
+- ฉ and ช
+
+**Answer:** 4
+
+**Explanation:** ฉ (high-class) and ช (low-class) both make the CH sound but belong to different classes, affecting tone. Similarly, ถ (high) and ท (low) both make TH sound.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 5, you'll begin learning **low-class consonants** — the largest group, with 24 members! You'll start with the most common ones: น ง ว.

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-05.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+---
+type: lesson
+id: thai-script-lesson-05
+title: "บทที่ 5 — พยัญชนะต่ำ I"
+description: "Low-Class Consonants Part 1: น ง ว ค — The most common low-class consonants"
+order: 5
+parentId: thai-script-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A2
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - low-class
+  - nasal
+  - basic-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites:
+    - thai-script-lesson-04
+  objectives:
+    - "Learn 4 common low-class consonants"
+    - "Understand low-class tone behavior"
+    - "Compare paired consonants across classes"
+    - "Practice the NG sound"
+---
+
+# บทที่ 5 (Lesson 5) — Low-Class Consonants I
+
+## Introduction
+
+Welcome to **low-class consonants** (พยัญชนะต่ำ) — the largest group with 24 members! These consonants were historically "voiced" sounds (made with vocal cord vibration), which is why they're grouped together despite having different sounds today.
+
+## Why "Low" Class?
+
+The name comes from tone behavior:
+- In live syllables, low-class consonants produce **mid tone** (like middle-class)
+- In dead syllables, they produce **high tone** or **falling tone** (unlike middle-class)
+
+This makes low-class tone rules slightly more complex — but still predictable once you learn the patterns.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="thai-low-consonants-1" title="Low-Class Consonants I"}
+
+::character{id="th-mouse" char="น" name="น หนู (nɔɔ nǔu)" nativeName="น หนู" transliteration="n" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-snake" char="ง" name="ง งู (ngɔɔ nguu)" nativeName="ง งู" transliteration="ng" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-ring" char="ว" name="ว แหวน (wɔɔ wǎaen)" nativeName="ว แหวน" transliteration="w" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-buffalo" char="ค" name="ค ควาย (khɔɔ khwaai)" nativeName="ค ควาย" transliteration="kh/k" charType="consonant"}
+
+:::
+
+## The NG Sound: Thailand's Gift to Learners
+
+**ง** represents the NG sound — the same sound at the END of English "sing". But in Thai, NG can START a syllable!
+
+This is challenging for English speakers because we never begin words with NG:
+- ง่าย (ngâai) = easy
+- งู (nguu) = snake
+- เงิน (ngəən) = money
+
+**Practice tip**: Say "sing" and hold the final NG. Now try adding a vowel: "ng...aa". That's how Thai NG-initial words work!
+
+## The Paired System
+
+Low-class consonants often pair with high-class consonants:
+
+| Low-Class | High-Class | Sound | Example |
+|-----------|------------|-------|---------|
+| ค (buffalo) | ข (egg) | kh | Both = aspirated K |
+| ง (snake) | — | ng | No high-class pair |
+| น (mouse) | — | n | No high-class pair (but ห can lift it) |
+| ว (ring) | — | w | No high-class pair |
+
+When a low-class consonant has no high-class pair, **ห** steps in as the "tone lifter":
+- หน (hn) = low-class น treated as high for tone
+- หง (hng) = same for ง
+- หว (hw) = same for ว
+
+## Sound Changes
+
+| Consonant | Initial Sound | Final Sound | Example |
+|-----------|---------------|-------------|---------|
+| น | **n** | **n** | นา (naa) / วัน (wan) |
+| ง | **ng** | **ng** | งู (nguu) / วัง (wang) |
+| ว | **w** | **o** (vowel-like) | วัน (wan) / แมว (maaeo) |
+| ค | **kh** | **k** | คา (khaa) / รัก (rák) |
+
+**Note**: Final ว often sounds like a vowel (/o/ or /u/), creating diphthongs.
+
+## Low vs Middle-Class Tones
+
+Compare the same syllable pattern with different consonant classes:
+
+| Syllable | Class | Tone | Sound |
+|----------|-------|------|-------|
+| กา | Middle | Mid | gaa (—) |
+| ขา | High | Rising | khǎa (//) |
+| คา | Low | Mid | khaa (—) |
+
+All three use the same vowel (า), but the tone differs based on consonant class!
+
+## The Nasal Family
+
+Thai has 5 nasal consonants:
+| Consonant | Sound | Class |
+|-----------|-------|-------|
+| ม | m | Low |
+| น | n | Low |
+| ง | ng | Low |
+| ณ | n | Low (rare) |
+| ญ | y/n | Low |
+
+All nasals are low-class. To get high-class tones with nasals, use ห:
+- หม, หน, หง (silent ห lifts the tone)
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Low-class = 24 consonants**: The biggest group
+2. **NG can start syllables**: Practice "ng...aa" to master this
+3. **Paired with high-class**: ค pairs with ข (same sound, different tone)
+4. **ห as lifter**: หน หง หว give high-class tones with low-class sounds
+5. **Final ว = vowel-like**: Creates diphthongs like แมว (maaeo)
+
+## Shape Recognition
+
+- **น** has a long tail curving down
+- **ง** is compact, like a squiggle
+- **ว** looks like a cursive oval
+- **ค** resembles ก/ข family but with low-class marker
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="low-1-ng-practice" type="fill-in-blank" title="NG Sound Practice"}
+
+**Question:** Practice the NG initial sound. Which word starts with NG?
+
+- ง่าย (ngâai) - easy
+- งู (nguu) - snake
+- เงิน (ngəən) - money
+
+**Answer:** All three words start with ง (ng). Practice saying "sing" and holding the final NG sound, then add a vowel.
+
+**Explanation:** The NG sound can start syllables in Thai, which is challenging for English speakers. Practice by holding the NG from "sing" and adding vowels.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="low-1-pairing" type="matching" title="Consonant Pairing"}
+
+**Question:** Match each low-class consonant with its high-class pair (if it has one)
+
+- ค (buffalo)
+- น (mouse)
+- ง (snake)
+- ว (ring)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ค pairs with ข (both = kh sound)
+- น pairs with ห (ห lifts น to high-class tone)
+- ง pairs with ห (ห lifts ง to high-class tone)
+- ว pairs with ห (ห lifts ว to high-class tone)
+
+**Explanation:** Low-class consonants without high-class pairs use ห as a "tone lifter" to achieve high-class tone behavior.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="low-1-tone-comparison" type="multiple-choice" title="Tone Comparison"}
+
+**Question:** Which syllable has a mid tone in a live syllable (open ending)?
+
+**Options:**
+- กา (middle-class ก)
+- ขา (high-class ข)
+- คา (low-class ค)
+
+**Answer:** Both 1 and 3
+
+**Explanation:** Both middle-class กา and low-class คา produce mid tone in live syllables. High-class ขา produces rising tone. The consonant class determines the base tone.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 6, you'll learn more low-class consonants including ช (elephant), ซ (chain), and ฮ (owl).

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-06.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+---
+type: lesson
+id: thai-script-lesson-06
+title: "บทที่ 6 — พยัญชนะต่ำ II"
+description: "Low-Class Consonants Part 2: ช ซ ฮ พ ท — Paired consonants with high-class counterparts"
+order: 6
+parentId: thai-script-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A2
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - low-class
+  - paired-consonants
+  - intermediate-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - thai-script-lesson-05
+  objectives:
+    - "Learn 5 low-class consonants with high-class pairs"
+    - "Master the paired consonant system"
+    - "Understand why pairs matter for reading and spelling"
+    - "Practice distinguishing by context"
+---
+
+# บทที่ 6 (Lesson 6) — Low-Class Consonants II
+
+## Introduction
+
+This lesson focuses on **paired consonants** — low-class consonants that have high-class counterparts with the exact same sound. Understanding pairs is essential for both reading (tone determination) and spelling (choosing the right letter).
+
+## The Paired System Explained
+
+Many Thai consonants come in pairs:
+- Same pronunciation
+- Different consonant class
+- Different tone behavior
+
+| Sound | High-Class | Low-Class |
+|-------|------------|-----------|
+| kh | ข | ค ฆ |
+| ch | ฉ | ช ฌ |
+| th | ถ ฐ | ท ธ ฑ ฒ |
+| ph | ผ | พ ภ |
+| f | ฝ | ฟ |
+| s | ส ศ ษ | ซ |
+| h | ห | ฮ |
+
+This system seems complex, but it follows patterns!
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="thai-low-consonants-2" title="Low-Class Consonants II"}
+
+::character{id="th-elephant" char="ช" name="ช ช้าง (chɔɔ cháang)" nativeName="ช ช้าง" transliteration="ch/t" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-chain" char="ซ" name="ซ โซ่ (sɔɔ sôo)" nativeName="ซ โซ่" transliteration="s/t" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-owl" char="ฮ" name="ฮ นกฮูก (hɔɔ nók-hûuk)" nativeName="ฮ นกฮูก" transliteration="h/-" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-tray" char="พ" name="พ พาน (phɔɔ phaan)" nativeName="พ พาน" transliteration="ph/p" charType="consonant"}
+
+::character{id="th-soldier" char="ท" name="ท ทหาร (thɔɔ thá-hǎan)" nativeName="ท ทหาร" transliteration="th/t" charType="consonant"}
+
+:::
+
+## Comparing the Pairs
+
+### CH Sounds: ฉ vs ช
+
+| Word | Consonant | Class | Tone |
+|------|-----------|-------|------|
+| ฉัน (I, female) | ฉ | High | Rising |
+| ชา (tea) | ช | Low | Mid |
+
+Same sound, different spelling, different tone!
+
+### S Sounds: ส vs ซ
+
+| Word | Consonant | Class | Tone |
+|------|-----------|-------|------|
+| สี (color) | ส | High | Rising |
+| ซี (letter C) | ซ | Low | Mid |
+
+How do you know which to use? Etymology and memorization — no rules predict it.
+
+### H Sounds: ห vs ฮ
+
+| Word | Consonant | Class | Tone |
+|------|-----------|-------|------|
+| หา (to look for) | ห | High | Rising |
+| ฮา (to laugh) | ฮ | Low | Mid |
+
+**ห** has the special role of "lifting" low-class consonants, while **ฮ** is just a regular low-class H.
+
+## The Elephant and the Tiger
+
+A famous mnemonic pair:
+- **ช ช้าง** (elephant) — Low-class CH
+- **ส เสือ** (tiger) — High-class S
+
+Both are powerful animals, but:
+- The elephant (ช) is **low** to the ground, stable
+- The tiger (ส) **rises** to attack
+
+This imagery helps remember their classes!
+
+## Why Do Pairs Exist?
+
+Historical linguistics! Ancient Indic languages (Sanskrit, Pali) distinguished:
+- Voiced vs unvoiced sounds
+- Aspirated vs unaspirated sounds
+
+These four-way contrasts collapsed in Thai:
+- Voiced → Low-class
+- Unvoiced → Middle or High-class
+
+But the spellings remained, preserving Sanskrit/Pali word origins.
+
+## Reading Strategy for Pairs
+
+When you see an unfamiliar word:
+1. Identify the initial consonant
+2. Check if it has a pair
+3. Determine the class → predict the tone
+4. The vowel and tone marks refine the tone further
+
+Example: ซื้อ (to buy)
+- ซ = low-class S
+- ื = vowel /ʉʉ/
+- ้ = tone mark (mái thoo)
+- Low-class + mái thoo = **high tone**
+- Result: sʉ́ʉ (high tone)
+
+## Spelling Strategy
+
+For writing, you must memorize which variant to use. Some patterns help:
+- Words from Sanskrit often use ศ ษ ท ธ
+- Everyday Thai words often use simpler forms
+- Loanwords from English often use ซ for S, ช for CH
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Same sound, different class**: ส and ซ sound identical
+2. **Tone is the difference**: High-class = rising, Low-class = mid (basic pattern)
+3. **Memorize spellings**: No rule tells you when to use ส vs ซ
+4. **Historical origins**: Pairs exist because of Sanskrit/Pali distinctions
+5. **ห is special**: It lifts low-class; ฮ is just regular low-class
+
+## Shape Recognition
+
+- **ช** (elephant) is larger than **ฉ** (cymbals)
+- **ซ** looks like **ส** but simpler (fewer curves)
+- **ฮ** has a distinctive shape unlike **ห**
+- **พ** and **ท** have their own distinctive forms
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="low-2-pair-recognition" type="matching" title="Recognize Consonant Pairs"}
+
+**Question:** Match each low-class consonant with its high-class pair that makes the same sound
+
+- ช (elephant)
+- ซ (chain)
+- ฮ (owl)
+- พ (tray)
+- ท (soldier)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ฉ (cymbals) - both make CH sound
+- ส (tiger) - both make S sound
+- ห (box) - both make H sound (but ห has special lifting function)
+- ผ (bee) - both make PH sound
+- ถ (bag) - both make TH sound
+
+**Explanation:** These are paired consonants — same sound, different class, different tone behavior. The high-class version produces rising tones, while low-class produces mid tones in basic patterns.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="low-2-spelling-challenge" type="fill-in-blank" title="Spelling Challenge"}
+
+**Question:** Which consonant would you use to spell these words? (Hint: memorize common words)
+
+- ชา (chaa) - tea
+- ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ) - to buy
+- ฮา (haa) - to laugh
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ช (low-class CH) for ชา
+- ซ (low-class S) for ซื้อ
+- ฮ (low-class H) for ฮา
+
+**Explanation:** There's no rule to predict whether to use high-class or low-class variants. You must memorize common words. However, everyday Thai words often use simpler forms (ช, ซ, ฮ) while Sanskrit-derived words may use high-class variants.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="low-2-tone-prediction" type="multiple-choice" title="Tone Prediction"}
+
+**Question:** The word ซื้อ (to buy) has a high tone. Why?
+
+**Options:**
+- Because ซ is high-class
+- Because of the tone mark ้ (mái thoo) on a low-class consonant
+- Because of the vowel ื
+- Because it's a dead syllable
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** ซ is low-class (produces mid tone in live syllables). The tone mark ้ (mái thoo) on a low-class consonant in a live syllable produces a high tone. This demonstrates how consonant class + tone mark work together.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 7, you'll learn more low-class consonants including ฟ ธ ภ — completing the paired set with more TH and PH/F sounds.