@syllst/th 0.1.0
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/dist/index.d.ts +45 -0
- package/dist/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index.js +68 -0
- package/dist/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.d.ts +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js +38 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js +34 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js +32 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/food/index.d.ts +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/food/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/food/index.js +34 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/food/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.d.ts +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.js +34 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js +31 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.d.ts +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.js +36 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/index.d.ts +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/index.js +33 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/vowels-tones/index.d.ts +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/vowels-tones/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/vowels-tones/index.js +34 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/vowels-tones/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/package.json +85 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +142 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +186 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +140 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +202 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +186 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +217 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +219 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +210 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-09.mdx +204 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-10.mdx +216 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-11.mdx +243 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-12.mdx +260 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/meta.mdx +106 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +98 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +107 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +111 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +159 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +176 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +159 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +184 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +192 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/meta.mdx +58 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +125 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +191 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +212 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +220 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +231 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +260 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/meta.mdx +99 -0
- package/src/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +140 -0
- package/src/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +209 -0
- package/src/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +224 -0
- package/src/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +217 -0
- package/src/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +231 -0
- package/src/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +225 -0
- package/src/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +235 -0
- package/src/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +274 -0
- package/src/syllabi/food/meta.mdx +102 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +86 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +105 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +170 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +179 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +170 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +191 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +195 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +209 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/meta.mdx +57 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +115 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +186 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +179 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +201 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +203 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/meta.mdx +93 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +125 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +134 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +127 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +130 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +132 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +130 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +131 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +135 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-09.mdx +132 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-10.mdx +145 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/meta.mdx +46 -0
- package/src/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +142 -0
- package/src/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +156 -0
- package/src/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +158 -0
- package/src/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +165 -0
- package/src/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +167 -0
- package/src/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +177 -0
- package/src/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +181 -0
- package/src/syllabi/travel/meta.mdx +58 -0
- package/src/syllabi/vowels-tones/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +101 -0
- package/src/syllabi/vowels-tones/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +163 -0
- package/src/syllabi/vowels-tones/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +168 -0
- package/src/syllabi/vowels-tones/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +170 -0
- package/src/syllabi/vowels-tones/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +189 -0
- package/src/syllabi/vowels-tones/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +187 -0
- package/src/syllabi/vowels-tones/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +217 -0
- package/src/syllabi/vowels-tones/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +260 -0
- package/src/syllabi/vowels-tones/meta.mdx +89 -0
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---
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type: lesson
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id: thai-grammar-lesson-06
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title: "บทที่ 6 — การบอกเวลา"
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description: "Time Expressions: Tense markers and time words"
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order: 6
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parentId: thai-grammar
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difficulty: intermediate
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cefrLevel: A2
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categories:
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- grammar
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- time
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- tense
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 30
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prerequisites:
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- thai-grammar-lesson-05
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objectives:
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- "Express past, present, and future"
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- "Use time markers"
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- "Understand aspect markers"
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---
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# บทที่ 6 (Lesson 6) — Time Expressions
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## Introduction
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Thai verbs don't conjugate for tense. Instead, Thai uses **time words** and **aspect markers** to indicate when actions happen.
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## Time Words (Before Subject or Verb)
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| Thai | Romanization | Meaning |
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|------|--------------|---------|
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| เมื่อวาน | mûuea-waan | yesterday |
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| วันนี้ | wan-níi | today |
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| พรุ่งนี้ | phrûng-níi | tomorrow |
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| ตอนนี้ | dtawn-níi | now |
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| เดี๋ยว | dǐaw | in a moment |
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| แล้ว | láew | already (past) |
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| จะ | jà | will (future) |
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## Past: แล้ว (láew) - Already/Completed
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Place **แล้ว** after the verb to indicate completion:
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| กินแล้ว | already ate |
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| ไปแล้ว | already went |
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| เสร็จแล้ว | finished already |
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| รู้แล้ว | already know |
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## Future: จะ (jà) - Will
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Place **จะ** before the verb for future actions:
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| จะไป | will go |
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| จะกิน | will eat |
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| จะทำ | will do |
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| จะมา | will come |
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## Present/Ongoing: กำลัง (gam-lang)
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Place **กำลัง** before the verb for actions in progress:
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| กำลังกิน | eating (right now) |
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| กำลังทำงาน | working (right now) |
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| กำลังนอน | sleeping (right now) |
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## Completed Action: เสร็จ (sèt)
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| กินเสร็จ | finished eating |
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| ทำเสร็จ | finished doing |
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| พูดเสร็จ | finished speaking |
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## "Ever" and "Not Yet"
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| Pattern | Meaning |
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|---------|---------|
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| เคย + V | have (ever) done |
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| ไม่เคย + V | have never done |
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| ยัง + V + อยู่ | still doing |
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| ยังไม่ + V | not yet done |
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Examples:
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- เคยไปเมืองไทยไหม? (Have you ever been to Thailand?)
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- ยังไม่กิน (Haven't eaten yet)
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## Time Expression Examples
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| Thai | Pattern | Meaning |
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|------|---------|---------|
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| เมื่อวานผมไปตลาด | Time + S + V | I went to the market yesterday |
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| พรุ่งนี้จะไปหาหมอ | Time + จะ + V | Tomorrow will see the doctor |
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| กำลังกินข้าวอยู่ | กำลัง + V + อยู่ | Currently eating |
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| กินข้าวแล้ว | V + แล้ว | Already ate |
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## Duration: มา...แล้ว
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To express "have been doing for [time]":
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**V + มา + [duration] + แล้ว**
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| อยู่ที่นี่มา 2 ปีแล้ว | Have been here for 2 years |
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| เรียนภาษาไทยมา 6 เดือนแล้ว | Have been studying Thai for 6 months |
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## Key Points
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1. **จะ** - Future (before verb)
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2. **แล้ว** - Past/completed (after verb)
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3. **กำลัง** - In progress (before verb)
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4. **เคย** - Past experience ("have ever")
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5. **ยัง** - "Still" or "not yet"
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## Time Expression Comparison Table
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| Time Marker | Position | Meaning | Example |
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|-------------|----------|---------|---------|
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| จะ | Before verb | Future/will | จะไป (will go) |
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| แล้ว | After verb | Past/completed | ไปแล้ว (already went) |
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| กำลัง | Before verb | In progress | กำลังกิน (eating now) |
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| เคย | Before verb | Past experience | เคยไป (have been) |
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| ยัง | Before verb | Still/not yet | ยังไม่กิน (not eaten yet) |
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| เมื่อวาน | Before subject/verb | Yesterday | เมื่อวานไป (went yesterday) |
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| พรุ่งนี้ | Before subject/verb | Tomorrow | พรุ่งนี้จะไป (will go tomorrow) |
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## Practice Exercises
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:::exercise{id="grammar-6-tense-markers" type="matching" title="Tense Marker Recognition"}
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**Question:** Match each time expression to its meaning
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- จะไป
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- ไปแล้ว
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- กำลังกิน
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- เคยไป
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**Answer:**
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- จะไป → Will go (future)
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- ไปแล้ว → Already went (past/completed)
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- กำลังกิน → Eating now (in progress)
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- เคยไป → Have been (past experience)
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**Explanation:** Thai uses aspect markers rather than verb conjugation. จะ marks future, แล้ว marks completion, กำลัง marks ongoing action, and เคย marks past experience.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="grammar-6-time-placement" type="fill-in-blank" title="Time Word Placement"}
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**Question:** Where do time words go in Thai sentences?
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**Answer:**
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Time words can go before the subject or before the verb. Examples:
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- **เมื่อวาน** ผมไปตลาด (Yesterday I went to market)
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- ผม**เมื่อวาน**ไปตลาด (I yesterday went to market)
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Both are correct. Time words are flexible in position, but typically come early in the sentence.
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**Explanation:** Unlike English where time words often come at the end, Thai time words usually come at the beginning or right after the subject for clarity.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="grammar-6-duration" type="multiple-choice" title="Expressing Duration"}
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**Question:** How do you say "I have been studying Thai for 6 months"?
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**Options:**
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- เรียนภาษาไทย 6 เดือน
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- เรียนภาษาไทยมา 6 เดือนแล้ว
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- กำลังเรียนภาษาไทย 6 เดือน
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- จะเรียนภาษาไทย 6 เดือน
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**Answer:** 2
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**Explanation:** The pattern for duration is: V + มา + [duration] + แล้ว. This means "have been doing for [time]". So "have been studying for 6 months" is เรียนภาษาไทยมา 6 เดือนแล้ว.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 7, you'll learn comparisons — how to say "more than", "most", "same", and "different" in Thai.
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---
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type: lesson
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id: thai-grammar-lesson-07
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title: "บทที่ 7 — การเปรียบเทียบ"
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description: "Comparisons: More, less, same, most"
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order: 7
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parentId: thai-grammar
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difficulty: intermediate
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cefrLevel: B1
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categories:
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- grammar
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- comparisons
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 30
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prerequisites:
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- thai-grammar-lesson-06
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objectives:
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- "Make comparisons"
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- "Express superlatives"
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- "Say things are the same or different"
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---
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# บทที่ 7 (Lesson 7) — Comparisons
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## Introduction
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Comparing things in Thai uses simple patterns with key words like **กว่า** (more than), **ที่สุด** (most), and **เท่ากัน** (same).
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## Comparatives: กว่า (gwàa) - More Than
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**Pattern: A + Adj + กว่า + B**
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| เขาสูงกว่าผม | He is taller than me |
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| นี่แพงกว่านั่น | This is more expensive than that |
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| กรุงเทพร้อนกว่าเชียงใหม่ | Bangkok is hotter than Chiang Mai |
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## Asking for Comparisons
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| อันไหนดีกว่า? | Which one is better? |
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| ใครเก่งกว่า? | Who is better/smarter? |
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| อะไรถูกกว่า? | What's cheaper? |
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## Superlatives: ที่สุด (thîi-sùt) - Most/Best
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**Pattern: Adj + ที่สุด**
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| ดีที่สุด | best |
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| ใหญ่ที่สุด | biggest |
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| แพงที่สุด | most expensive |
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| สวยที่สุด | most beautiful |
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Examples:
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- ร้านนี้อร่อยที่สุด (This restaurant is the most delicious)
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- เขาเก่งที่สุดในห้อง (He's the best in the class)
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## Same: เหมือนกัน / เท่ากัน
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| Pattern | Meaning | Use |
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|---------|---------|-----|
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| A + เหมือน + B | A is like B | General similarity |
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| A กับ B เหมือนกัน | A and B are the same | Identical |
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| A กับ B เท่ากัน | A and B are equal | Same amount/degree |
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Examples:
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- สีเหมือนกัน (Same color)
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- ราคาเท่ากัน (Same price)
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- รสชาติเหมือนกัน (Same taste)
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## Different: ต่างกัน / ไม่เหมือนกัน
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| ต่างกัน | different |
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| ไม่เหมือนกัน | not the same |
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Example:
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- อันนี้กับอันนั้นต่างกัน (This and that are different)
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## More/Less Specific Amounts
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| มากกว่า | more than |
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| น้อยกว่า | less than |
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| เยอะกว่า | more (quantity) |
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| ไม่เท่า | not as much as |
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Examples:
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- ผมมีเงินน้อยกว่าเขา (I have less money than him)
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- มีคนเยอะกว่าเมื่อวาน (More people than yesterday)
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## As...As: เท่ากับ / เหมือน...เลย
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| Pattern | Meaning |
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|---------|---------|
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| A + Adj + เท่ากับ + B | A is as [adj] as B |
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| A + Adj + เหมือน + B + เลย | A is just like B |
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Example:
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- เขาสวยเท่ากับดาราเลย! (She's as beautiful as a movie star!)
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## Common Comparison Phrases
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| Thai | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| ยิ่ง...ยิ่ง... | The more...the more... |
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| ดีขึ้น | better (improved) |
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| แย่ลง | worse |
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| เท่าเดิม | same as before |
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Example:
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- ยิ่งเรียนยิ่งเก่ง (The more you study, the better you get)
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## Key Points
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1. **กว่า** after adjective = "more than"
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2. **ที่สุด** after adjective = "most/best"
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3. **เหมือนกัน** = same (similar)
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4. **เท่ากัน** = same (equal amount)
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5. **ต่างกัน** = different
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|
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## Comparison Pattern Table
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| Pattern | Structure | Example | Meaning |
|
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|---------|-----------|---------|---------|
|
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| Comparative | A + Adj + กว่า + B | เขาสูงกว่าผม | A is more [adj] than B |
|
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| Superlative | Adj + ที่สุด | ดีที่สุด | The most [adj] |
|
|
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| Same (similar) | A กับ B เหมือนกัน | สีเหมือนกัน | A and B are the same |
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| Same (equal) | A กับ B เท่ากัน | ราคาเท่ากัน | A and B are equal |
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| Different | A กับ B ต่างกัน | ต่างกัน | A and B are different |
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| As...as | A + Adj + เท่ากับ + B | สวยเท่ากับดารา | A is as [adj] as B |
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|
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## Practice Exercises
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141
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:::exercise{id="grammar-7-comparative" type="fill-in-blank" title="Making Comparisons"}
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|
|
143
|
+
**Question:** How do you say these comparisons in Thai?
|
|
144
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|
|
145
|
+
- This is more expensive than that
|
|
146
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+
- Which one is better?
|
|
147
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- This restaurant is the most delicious
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+
|
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**Answer:**
|
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|
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151
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- นี่แพงกว่านั่น (This expensive more-than that)
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- อันไหนดีกว่า? (Which one good more-than?)
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153
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- ร้านนี้อร่อยที่สุด (This restaurant delicious most)
|
|
154
|
+
|
|
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+
**Explanation:** Use กว่า for "more than" comparisons and ที่สุด for superlatives. The pattern is: [subject] + [adjective] + กว่า/ที่สุด.
|
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:::
|
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|
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:::exercise{id="grammar-7-same-different" type="matching" title="Same vs Different"}
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|
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**Question:** Match each phrase to its meaning
|
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- สีเหมือนกัน
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- ราคาเท่ากัน
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- ต่างกัน
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166
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|
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**Answer:**
|
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- สีเหมือนกัน → Same color (similar appearance)
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- ราคาเท่ากัน → Same price (equal amount)
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- ต่างกัน → Different
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|
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173
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**Explanation:** เหมือนกัน means "the same" in terms of similarity (looks, feels, etc.), while เท่ากัน means "equal" in terms of amount or degree. ต่างกัน means "different".
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:::
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:::exercise{id="grammar-7-superlative" type="multiple-choice" title="Superlative Formation"}
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**Question:** How do you form superlatives in Thai?
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**Options:**
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- Adj + กว่า
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- Adj + ที่สุด
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- กว่า + Adj
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- ที่สุด + Adj
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+
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**Answer:** 2
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|
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**Explanation:** Superlatives use the pattern: [adjective] + ที่สุด. For example, ดีที่สุด (the best), แพงที่สุด (the most expensive). ที่สุด always comes after the adjective.
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:::
|
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|
|
193
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## What's Next
|
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194
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|
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195
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In Lesson 8, you'll learn conjunctions — connect ideas with "and", "but", "because", and "if" to create complex sentences in Thai.
|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
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1
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---
|
|
2
|
+
type: lesson
|
|
3
|
+
id: thai-grammar-lesson-08
|
|
4
|
+
title: "บทที่ 8 — คำเชื่อม"
|
|
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description: "Conjunctions: And, but, because, so"
|
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6
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+
order: 8
|
|
7
|
+
parentId: thai-grammar
|
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8
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+
difficulty: intermediate
|
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9
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+
cefrLevel: B1
|
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10
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+
categories:
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11
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+
- grammar
|
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12
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+
- conjunctions
|
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13
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+
metadata:
|
|
14
|
+
estimatedTime: 30
|
|
15
|
+
prerequisites:
|
|
16
|
+
- thai-grammar-lesson-07
|
|
17
|
+
objectives:
|
|
18
|
+
- "Connect sentences with conjunctions"
|
|
19
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+
- "Express cause and effect"
|
|
20
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+
- "Use conditional structures"
|
|
21
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+
---
|
|
22
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+
|
|
23
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+
# บทที่ 8 (Lesson 8) — Conjunctions
|
|
24
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+
|
|
25
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+
## Introduction
|
|
26
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+
|
|
27
|
+
Conjunctions connect ideas and create complex sentences. Thai conjunctions work similarly to English ones.
|
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|
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29
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## Basic Conjunctions
|
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30
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31
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| Thai | Romanization | Meaning |
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32
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|------|--------------|---------|
|
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| และ | láe | and |
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|
34
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| กับ | gàp | and/with |
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| หรือ | rǔue | or |
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| แต่ | dtàe | but |
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| แต่ว่า | dtàe-wâa | but (stronger) |
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|
38
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+
|
|
39
|
+
## "And": และ (láe) vs กับ (gàp)
|
|
40
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+
|
|
41
|
+
| Use | Conjunction | Example |
|
|
42
|
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|-----|-------------|---------|
|
|
43
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| Joining clauses | และ | ผมกินข้าว**และ**ดื่มน้ำ (I eat rice and drink water) |
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44
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| Joining nouns | กับ | ข้าว**กับ**แกง (rice and curry) |
|
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45
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| "With" | กับ | ไป**กับ**เพื่อน (go with friend) |
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46
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+
|
|
47
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+
## "But": แต่ (dtàe)
|
|
48
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+
|
|
49
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+
| Thai | Meaning |
|
|
50
|
+
|------|---------|
|
|
51
|
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| อร่อยแต่แพง | Delicious but expensive |
|
|
52
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| อยากไปแต่ไม่มีเวลา | Want to go but don't have time |
|
|
53
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| เขาเก่งแต่ขี้เกียจ | He's smart but lazy |
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54
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+
|
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55
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## Cause: เพราะ (phráw) - Because
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|
56
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|
|
57
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**Pattern: Result + เพราะ + Cause** (or vice versa)
|
|
58
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+
|
|
59
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+
| Thai | Meaning |
|
|
60
|
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|------|---------|
|
|
61
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| ไม่ไปเพราะป่วย | Not going because sick |
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| เพราะฝนตกเลยไม่ไป | Because it rained, didn't go |
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| เหนื่อยเพราะทำงานหนัก | Tired because work hard |
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64
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+
|
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65
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## Result: เลย (ləəi) / ก็เลย (gâw ləəi) - So
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66
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+
|
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67
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**Pattern: Cause + เลย + Result**
|
|
68
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+
|
|
69
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| Thai | Meaning |
|
|
70
|
+
|------|---------|
|
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71
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| หิวเลยกินข้าว | Hungry, so ate |
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| ฝนตกก็เลยไม่ไป | It rained, so didn't go |
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| ไม่สบายเลยนอนอยู่บ้าน | Not feeling well, so staying home |
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74
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+
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75
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+
## Conditional: ถ้า (thâa) - If
|
|
76
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+
|
|
77
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+
**Pattern: ถ้า + Condition, Result**
|
|
78
|
+
|
|
79
|
+
| Thai | Meaning |
|
|
80
|
+
|------|---------|
|
|
81
|
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| ถ้าฝนตกจะไม่ไป | If it rains, won't go |
|
|
82
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| ถ้าหิวก็กิน | If hungry, then eat |
|
|
83
|
+
| ถ้ามีเวลาจะโทรหา | If have time, will call |
|
|
84
|
+
|
|
85
|
+
## "When": เมื่อ (mûuea) / ตอน (dtawn)
|
|
86
|
+
|
|
87
|
+
| Thai | Meaning |
|
|
88
|
+
|------|---------|
|
|
89
|
+
| เมื่อเด็กๆ | when (I was) a child |
|
|
90
|
+
| ตอนกินข้าว | when eating |
|
|
91
|
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| เมื่อไหร่ก็ได้ | whenever (is fine) |
|
|
92
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+
|
|
93
|
+
## "Although": แม้ว่า (máe-wâa) / ถึงแม้ว่า (thǔeng máe-wâa)
|
|
94
|
+
|
|
95
|
+
| Thai | Meaning |
|
|
96
|
+
|------|---------|
|
|
97
|
+
| แม้ว่าจะเหนื่อยแต่ก็ไป | Although tired, still went |
|
|
98
|
+
| ถึงแม้ว่าแพงแต่ก็ซื้อ | Although expensive, still bought |
|
|
99
|
+
|
|
100
|
+
## "So that": เพื่อ (phûuea)
|
|
101
|
+
|
|
102
|
+
| Thai | Meaning |
|
|
103
|
+
|------|---------|
|
|
104
|
+
| เรียนเพื่อสอบ | Study in order to test |
|
|
105
|
+
| ทำงานเพื่อหาเงิน | Work in order to make money |
|
|
106
|
+
|
|
107
|
+
## Common Patterns
|
|
108
|
+
|
|
109
|
+
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|
|
110
|
+
|---------|---------|---------|
|
|
111
|
+
| ถ้า...ก็... | ถ้าไม่ไปก็ไม่เป็นไร | If not go, it's okay |
|
|
112
|
+
| ...เพราะ... | ไปเพราะอยาก | Went because wanted to |
|
|
113
|
+
| ...เลย... | หิวเลยกิน | Hungry so ate |
|
|
114
|
+
| แม้ว่า...แต่... | แม้ว่าเหนื่อยแต่สนุก | Although tired but fun |
|
|
115
|
+
|
|
116
|
+
## Key Points
|
|
117
|
+
|
|
118
|
+
1. **และ** - and (joining clauses)
|
|
119
|
+
2. **กับ** - and/with (joining nouns)
|
|
120
|
+
3. **แต่** - but
|
|
121
|
+
4. **เพราะ** - because
|
|
122
|
+
5. **เลย** - so/therefore
|
|
123
|
+
6. **ถ้า** - if
|
|
124
|
+
|
|
125
|
+
## Conjunction Pattern Table
|
|
126
|
+
|
|
127
|
+
| Conjunction | Use | Pattern | Example |
|
|
128
|
+
|-------------|-----|--------|---------|
|
|
129
|
+
| และ | Join clauses | Clause + และ + Clause | กินข้าวและดื่มน้ำ |
|
|
130
|
+
| กับ | Join nouns/with | Noun + กับ + Noun | ข้าวกับแกง |
|
|
131
|
+
| แต่ | Contrast | Statement + แต่ + Contrast | อร่อยแต่แพง |
|
|
132
|
+
| เพราะ | Cause | Result + เพราะ + Cause | ไม่ไปเพราะป่วย |
|
|
133
|
+
| เลย | Result | Cause + เลย + Result | หิวเลยกิน |
|
|
134
|
+
| ถ้า | Condition | ถ้า + Condition, Result | ถ้าฝนตกจะไม่ไป |
|
|
135
|
+
|
|
136
|
+
## Practice Exercises
|
|
137
|
+
|
|
138
|
+
:::exercise{id="grammar-8-conjunction-choice" type="multiple-choice" title="Choosing Conjunctions"}
|
|
139
|
+
|
|
140
|
+
**Question:** Which conjunction do you use to join "rice" and "curry"?
|
|
141
|
+
|
|
142
|
+
**Options:**
|
|
143
|
+
- และ
|
|
144
|
+
- กับ
|
|
145
|
+
- แต่
|
|
146
|
+
- หรือ
|
|
147
|
+
|
|
148
|
+
**Answer:** 2
|
|
149
|
+
|
|
150
|
+
**Explanation:** Use กับ to join nouns. และ is for joining clauses (verbs/actions). So "rice and curry" is ข้าวกับแกง, not ข้าวและแกง.
|
|
151
|
+
|
|
152
|
+
:::
|
|
153
|
+
|
|
154
|
+
:::exercise{id="grammar-8-cause-effect" type="matching" title="Cause and Effect Patterns"}
|
|
155
|
+
|
|
156
|
+
**Question:** Match each pattern to its structure
|
|
157
|
+
|
|
158
|
+
- เพราะ...เลย...
|
|
159
|
+
- ...เพราะ...
|
|
160
|
+
- ...เลย...
|
|
161
|
+
|
|
162
|
+
**Answer:**
|
|
163
|
+
|
|
164
|
+
- เพราะ...เลย... → Because [cause], so [result] (formal pattern)
|
|
165
|
+
- ...เพราะ... → [Result] because [cause] (common pattern)
|
|
166
|
+
- ...เลย... → [Cause] so [result] (simple pattern)
|
|
167
|
+
|
|
168
|
+
**Explanation:** Thai allows flexible word order for cause and effect. เพราะ means "because" and เลย means "so/therefore". You can use them together or separately.
|
|
169
|
+
|
|
170
|
+
:::
|
|
171
|
+
|
|
172
|
+
:::exercise{id="grammar-8-conditional" type="fill-in-blank" title="Conditional Sentences"}
|
|
173
|
+
|
|
174
|
+
**Question:** How do you form "if...then" sentences in Thai?
|
|
175
|
+
|
|
176
|
+
**Answer:**
|
|
177
|
+
|
|
178
|
+
Use the pattern: **ถ้า + [condition], [result]**. For example:
|
|
179
|
+
- ถ้าฝนตกจะไม่ไป (If it rains, won't go)
|
|
180
|
+
- ถ้าหิวก็กิน (If hungry, then eat)
|
|
181
|
+
|
|
182
|
+
Often ก็ (then) is used in the result clause, but it's optional. The key is ถ้า at the beginning.
|
|
183
|
+
|
|
184
|
+
**Explanation:** ถ้า introduces the condition. The result can follow directly or use ก็ for emphasis. This is similar to English "if...then" but more flexible in structure.
|
|
185
|
+
|
|
186
|
+
:::
|
|
187
|
+
|
|
188
|
+
## Course Complete!
|
|
189
|
+
|
|
190
|
+
ยินดีด้วย! (Congratulations!)
|
|
191
|
+
|
|
192
|
+
You've completed Thai Grammar! You now understand:
|
|
193
|
+
- Sentence structure (SVO)
|
|
194
|
+
- Questions and negation
|
|
195
|
+
- Classifiers
|
|
196
|
+
- Polite particles
|
|
197
|
+
- Time expressions
|
|
198
|
+
- Comparisons
|
|
199
|
+
- Conjunctions
|
|
200
|
+
|
|
201
|
+
Keep practicing, and your Thai will become more natural every day!
|
|
202
|
+
|
|
203
|
+
## What's Next
|
|
204
|
+
|
|
205
|
+
Congratulations on completing the Grammar syllabus! Continue building your skills by exploring other syllabi:
|
|
206
|
+
- **Dialogue** - Practice conversations in real situations
|
|
207
|
+
- **Essentials** - Master everyday phrases and vocabulary
|
|
208
|
+
- **Food** - Learn to order and discuss Thai cuisine
|
|
209
|
+
- **Reading** - Apply your grammar knowledge to real texts
|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
|
|
|
1
|
+
---
|
|
2
|
+
type: syllabus
|
|
3
|
+
id: thai-grammar
|
|
4
|
+
title: "ไวยากรณ์ไทย (Thai Grammar)"
|
|
5
|
+
description: "Essential grammar patterns, classifiers, and particles for natural Thai"
|
|
6
|
+
language: th
|
|
7
|
+
version: "1.0.0"
|
|
8
|
+
totalLessons: 8
|
|
9
|
+
totalItems: 60
|
|
10
|
+
cefrLevel: A2-B1
|
|
11
|
+
categories:
|
|
12
|
+
- grammar
|
|
13
|
+
- patterns
|
|
14
|
+
- classifiers
|
|
15
|
+
metadata:
|
|
16
|
+
estimatedTime: 240
|
|
17
|
+
objectives:
|
|
18
|
+
- "Understand Thai sentence structure"
|
|
19
|
+
- "Use classifiers correctly"
|
|
20
|
+
- "Master essential particles"
|
|
21
|
+
- "Form questions and negations"
|
|
22
|
+
---
|
|
23
|
+
|
|
24
|
+
# ไวยากรณ์ไทย (Thai Grammar)
|
|
25
|
+
|
|
26
|
+
## Overview
|
|
27
|
+
|
|
28
|
+
Thai grammar is simpler than English in many ways - no conjugations, no articles, no plurals! But it has unique features like classifiers and particles that take practice to master.
|
|
29
|
+
|
|
30
|
+
## Course Structure
|
|
31
|
+
|
|
32
|
+
| Lesson | Topic | Key Points |
|
|
33
|
+
|--------|-------|------------|
|
|
34
|
+
| 1 | Sentence Structure | Subject + Verb + Object basics |
|
|
35
|
+
| 2 | Questions | Question words and yes/no questions |
|
|
36
|
+
| 3 | Negation | ไม่ (not) and negative patterns |
|
|
37
|
+
| 4 | Classifiers | Counting with classifiers |
|
|
38
|
+
| 5 | Polite Particles | ครับ, ค่ะ, นะ, and more |
|
|
39
|
+
| 6 | Time Expressions | Tense markers and time words |
|
|
40
|
+
| 7 | Comparisons | More, less, same, most |
|
|
41
|
+
| 8 | Conjunctions | And, but, because, so |
|
|
42
|
+
|
|
43
|
+
## Key Concepts
|
|
44
|
+
|
|
45
|
+
### No Conjugations
|
|
46
|
+
Thai verbs don't change for tense, person, or number:
|
|
47
|
+
- ผมกิน (I eat) / เขากิน (he eats) / เรากิน (we ate)
|
|
48
|
+
|
|
49
|
+
### Classifiers Required
|
|
50
|
+
When counting, Thai requires classifiers after numbers:
|
|
51
|
+
- 3 dogs = หมา 3 ตัว (dog + 3 + classifier)
|
|
52
|
+
|
|
53
|
+
### Particles Add Nuance
|
|
54
|
+
Sentence-final particles convey politeness, mood, and meaning:
|
|
55
|
+
- ครับ/ค่ะ (polite)
|
|
56
|
+
- นะ (softener)
|
|
57
|
+
- ไหม (question)
|