@woosh/meep-engine 3.55.0 → 3.57.0

package/src/format/image/avif/av1/decode/Av1FrameContext.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/src/format/image/avif/av1/decode/Av1FrameContext.js

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { CdfContext } from "../entropy/CdfContext.js";
+import { count_units_in_frame } from "../filter/loop_restoration.js";
 import { FilmGrainState } from "../grain/FilmGrainState.js";
 import { IntraPredictionState } from "../predict/IntraPredictionState.js";
 import { PartitionCdf } from "../entropy/partition_cdf.js";
@@ -540,8 +541,8 @@ export class Av1FrameContext {
 
             const unit_size = frame.loop_restoration_size[plane];
 
-            columns = Math.max(columns, count_units(unit_size, (frame.upscaled_width + sub_x) >> sub_x));
-            unit_rows = Math.max(unit_rows, count_units(unit_size, (frame.frame_height + sub_y) >> sub_y));
+            columns = Math.max(columns, count_units_in_frame(unit_size, (frame.upscaled_width + sub_x) >> sub_x));
+            unit_rows = Math.max(unit_rows, count_units_in_frame(unit_size, (frame.frame_height + sub_y) >> sub_y));
         }
 
         this.lr_unit_stride = columns;
@@ -567,14 +568,6 @@ export class Av1FrameContext {
     }
 }
 
-/**
- * @param {number} unit_size
- * @param {number} frame_size
- * @returns {number}
- */
-function count_units(unit_size, frame_size) {
-    return Math.max(Math.floor((frame_size + (unit_size >> 1)) / unit_size), 1);
-}
 
 /**
  * @param {Uint8Array|null} existing

package/src/format/image/avif/av1/decode/reconstruct.d.ts

@@ -33,4 +33,24 @@ export function get_qindex(ctx: Av1FrameContext): number;
  * @copyright Company Named Limited (c) 2026
  */
 export function reconstruct(ctx: Av1FrameContext, plane: number, x: number, y: number, tx_size: number): void;
+/**
+ * The divisor the dequantiser applies after multiplying by the step, which is how large transforms
+ * keep their coefficients in range.
+ *
+ * @param {number} tx_size
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function dequant_denominator(tx_size: number): number;
+/**
+ * @param {FrameHeader} frame
+ * @param {number} plane
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function dc_delta(frame: FrameHeader, plane: number): number;
+/**
+ * @param {FrameHeader} frame
+ * @param {number} plane
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function ac_delta(frame: FrameHeader, plane: number): number;
 //# sourceMappingURL=reconstruct.d.ts.map

package/src/format/image/avif/av1/decode/reconstruct.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"reconstruct.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../../src/format/image/avif/av1/decode/reconstruct.js"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAkCA;;;;;GAKG;AACH,oCAJW,MAAM,KACN,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAIlB;AAED;;;;;GAKG;AACH,oCAJW,MAAM,KACN,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAIlB;AAED;;;;;GAKG;AACH,kDAHa,MAAM,CAsBlB;AA0BD;;;;;;;;;;;;GAYG;AACH,yDATW,MAAM,KACN,MAAM,KACN,MAAM,WACN,MAAM,QAgGhB;AAED;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,6CAHW,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAYlB;AAED;;;;GAIG;AACH,oDAHW,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAQlB;AAED;;;;GAIG;AACH,oDAHW,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAQlB"}

package/src/format/image/avif/av1/decode/reconstruct.js

@@ -120,13 +120,7 @@ export function reconstruct(ctx, plane, x, y, tx_size) {
     const frame = ctx.frame;
     const bit_depth = ctx.bit_depth;
 
-    let dq_denom = 1;
-
-    if (tx_size === TX_32X32 || tx_size === TX_16X32 || tx_size === TX_32X16 || tx_size === TX_16X64 || tx_size === TX_64X16) {
-        dq_denom = 2;
-    } else if (tx_size === TX_64X64 || tx_size === TX_32X64 || tx_size === TX_64X32) {
-        dq_denom = 4;
-    }
+    const dq_denom = dequant_denominator(tx_size);
 
     const w = TX_WIDTH[tx_size];
     const h = TX_HEIGHT[tx_size];
@@ -214,12 +208,31 @@ export function reconstruct(ctx, plane, x, y, tx_size) {
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * The divisor the dequantiser applies after multiplying by the step, which is how large transforms
+ * keep their coefficients in range.
+ *
+ * @param {number} tx_size
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function dequant_denominator(tx_size) {
+    if (tx_size === TX_32X32 || tx_size === TX_16X32 || tx_size === TX_32X16 || tx_size === TX_16X64 || tx_size === TX_64X16) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    if (tx_size === TX_64X64 || tx_size === TX_32X64 || tx_size === TX_64X32) {
+        return 4;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
 /**
  * @param {FrameHeader} frame
  * @param {number} plane
  * @returns {number}
  */
-function dc_delta(frame, plane) {
+export function dc_delta(frame, plane) {
     if (plane === 0) {
         return frame.delta_q_y_dc;
     }
@@ -232,7 +245,7 @@ function dc_delta(frame, plane) {
  * @param {number} plane
  * @returns {number}
  */
-function ac_delta(frame, plane) {
+export function ac_delta(frame, plane) {
     if (plane === 0) {
         return 0;
     }

package/src/format/image/avif/av1/encode/choose_restoration.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { clamp_index } from "../../../../../core/math/clamp_index.js";
 import { RESTORE_NONE, RESTORE_WIENER } from "../tables/av1_symbols.js";
 import { WIENER_TAPS_MAX, WIENER_TAPS_MID, WIENER_TAPS_MIN } from "../tables/filter_tables.js";
-import { apply_loop_restoration, count_units_in_frame, restoration_unit_of } from "../filter/loop_restoration.js";
+import { apply_loop_restoration, count_units_in_frame, expand_wiener, restoration_unit_of } from "../filter/loop_restoration.js";
 import { DECODE_THOROUGH } from "./decode_effort.js";
 import { apply_cdef } from "../filter/cdef.js";
 import { round2 } from "../util/round2.js";
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ function filter_plane(ec, plane, input, output, stride, width, height, map_strid
                 continue;
             }
 
-            expand(taps, ec.restoration_map[map_row + (x >> 2)] * 6 + pass * 3, filter);
+            expand_wiener(taps, ec.restoration_map[map_row + (x >> 2)] * 6 + pass * 3, filter);
 
             let sum = 0;
 
@@ -585,22 +585,6 @@ function unit_count(ec, plane) {
     return ec.restoration_rows * ec.restoration_columns;
 }
 
-/**
- * @param {Int8Array} coefficients
- * @param {number} offset
- * @param {Int32Array} filter
- */
-function expand(coefficients, offset, filter) {
-    filter[3] = TAP_SCALE;
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < TAPS; i++) {
-        const c = coefficients[offset + i];
-
-        filter[i] = c;
-        filter[6 - i] = c;
-        filter[3] -= 2 * c;
-    }
-}
 
 /**
  * @param {number} tap

package/src/format/image/avif/av1/encode/quantise.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"quantise.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../../src/format/image/avif/av1/encode/quantise.js"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAoBA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAmCG;AACH,sEAfW,MAAM,WACN,MAAM,WACN,MAAM,gBACN,UAAU,UACV,UAAU,iBACV,MAAM,QAEN,WAAW,GACT,MAAM,CA2FlB;AAED;;;;;;;;;;;GAWG;AACH,sEAJW,MAAM,WACN,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAclB"}
+{"version":3,"file":"quantise.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../../src/format/image/avif/av1/encode/quantise.js"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAUA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAmCG;AACH,sEAfW,MAAM,WACN,MAAM,WACN,MAAM,gBACN,UAAU,UACV,UAAU,iBACV,MAAM,QAEN,WAAW,GACT,MAAM,CA2FlB;AAED;;;;;;;;;;;GAWG;AACH,sEAJW,MAAM,WACN,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAclB"}

package/src/format/image/avif/av1/encode/quantise.js

@@ -1,15 +1,5 @@
-import {
-    TX_16X32,
-    TX_16X64,
-    TX_32X16,
-    TX_32X32,
-    TX_32X64,
-    TX_64X16,
-    TX_64X32,
-    TX_64X64
-} from "../tables/av1_symbols.js";
 import { TX_HEIGHT, TX_WIDTH } from "../tables/block_tables.js";
-import { ac_quant, dc_quant, get_qindex } from "../decode/reconstruct.js";
+import { ac_delta, ac_quant, dc_delta, dc_quant, dequant_denominator, get_qindex } from "../decode/reconstruct.js";
 
 /**
  * Largest level the format can carry. The decoder masks a coefficient to twenty bits before
@@ -166,47 +156,3 @@ export function quantiser_zero_threshold(ec, plane, tx_size) {
     return ((1 - ec.rounding) * step) / dequant_denominator(tx_size);
 }
 
-/**
- * The divisor the dequantiser applies after multiplying by the step, which is how large transforms
- * keep their coefficients in range.
- *
- * @param {number} tx_size
- * @returns {number}
- */
-function dequant_denominator(tx_size) {
-    if (tx_size === TX_32X32 || tx_size === TX_16X32 || tx_size === TX_32X16 || tx_size === TX_16X64 || tx_size === TX_64X16) {
-        return 2;
-    }
-
-    if (tx_size === TX_64X64 || tx_size === TX_32X64 || tx_size === TX_64X32) {
-        return 4;
-    }
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {FrameHeader} frame
- * @param {number} plane
- * @returns {number}
- */
-function dc_delta(frame, plane) {
-    if (plane === 0) {
-        return frame.delta_q_y_dc;
-    }
-
-    return plane === 1 ? frame.delta_q_u_dc : frame.delta_q_v_dc;
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {FrameHeader} frame
- * @param {number} plane
- * @returns {number}
- */
-function ac_delta(frame, plane) {
-    if (plane === 0) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    return plane === 1 ? frame.delta_q_u_ac : frame.delta_q_v_ac;
-}

package/src/format/image/avif/av1/filter/loop_restoration.d.ts

@@ -39,4 +39,13 @@ export function count_units_in_frame(unit_size: number, frame_size: number): num
  * @returns {number} index into the per-unit arrays
  */
 export function restoration_unit_of(ctx: Av1FrameContext, plane: number, row: number, col: number): number;
+/**
+ * Expand three coded taps into the seven of a symmetric unit-gain filter.
+ *
+ * @param {Int8Array} coefficients
+ * @param {number} offset
+ * @param {Int32Array} filter
+ * @see AV1 spec 7.17.5 "Wiener coefficient process"
+ */
+export function expand_wiener(coefficients: Int8Array, offset: number, filter: Int32Array): void;
 //# sourceMappingURL=loop_restoration.d.ts.map

package/src/format/image/avif/av1/filter/loop_restoration.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"loop_restoration.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../../src/format/image/avif/av1/filter/loop_restoration.js"],"names":[],"mappings":"AA8DA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAiBG;AACH,sEATW,WAAW,EAAE,QACb,WAAW,EAAE,UACb,WAAW,EAAE,UACb,UAAU,QA+BpB;AAwDD;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,gDAJW,MAAM,cACN,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAIlB;AAED;;;;;;;;;;;;GAYG;AACH,iEALW,MAAM,OACN,MAAM,OACN,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAiBlB"}
+{"version":3,"file":"loop_restoration.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../../src/format/image/avif/av1/filter/loop_restoration.js"],"names":[],"mappings":"AA8DA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAiBG;AACH,sEATW,WAAW,EAAE,QACb,WAAW,EAAE,UACb,WAAW,EAAE,UACb,UAAU,QA+BpB;AAwDD;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,gDAJW,MAAM,cACN,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAIlB;AAED;;;;;;;;;;;;GAYG;AACH,iEALW,MAAM,OACN,MAAM,OACN,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAiBlB;AAqFD;;;;;;;GAOG;AACH,4CALW,SAAS,UACT,MAAM,UACN,UAAU,QAapB"}

package/src/format/image/avif/av1/filter/loop_restoration.js

@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ function wiener_filter(ctx, output, stride, plane, unit_index, x, y, w, h) {
  * @param {Int32Array} filter
  * @see AV1 spec 7.17.5 "Wiener coefficient process"
  */
-function expand_wiener(coefficients, offset, filter) {
+export function expand_wiener(coefficients, offset, filter) {
     filter[3] = 128;
 
     for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

package/src/format/texture/basis/transcode/etc1s_to_bc7.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { etc1s_block_colors } from "../etc1s/etc1s_block_colors.js";
 import { build_range_plan } from "./build_range_plan.js";
-import { fit_endpoints, SELECTOR_RANGES } from "./fit_endpoints.js";
+import { fit_endpoints, nearest_weight, SELECTOR_RANGES } from "./fit_endpoints.js";
 
 /**
  * Bytes one BC7 block occupies.
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ function build_color_templates(endpoints, plan, weights, quantise) {
              step off wherever that move mattered.
             */
             for (let selector = 0; selector < 4; selector++) {
-                selector_to_index[pairing * 4 + selector] = closest_weight(
+                selector_to_index[pairing * 4 + selector] = nearest_weight(
                     decoded_low, decoded_high, weights, colors, selector * 3
                 );
             }
@@ -463,34 +463,3 @@ function fill_indices(out, selector_to_index, pairing, selectors, selector_base,
     return flipped;
 }
 
-/**
- * Which interpolation weight best reproduces a target colour between two endpoints.
- *
- * @param {Uint8Array} a three channels, as they decode
- * @param {Uint8Array} b three channels, as they decode
- * @param {Int32Array} weights
- * @param {Uint8Array} target
- * @param {number} target_offset
- * @returns {number} an index into `weights`
- */
-function closest_weight(a, b, weights, target, target_offset) {
-    let best = 0;
-    let best_error = Infinity;
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < weights.length; i++) {
-        let error = 0;
-
-        for (let c = 0; c < 3; c++) {
-            const delta = interpolate(a[c], b[c], weights[i]) - target[target_offset + c];
-
-            error += delta * delta;
-        }
-
-        if (error < best_error) {
-            best_error = error;
-            best = i;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return best;
-}

package/src/format/texture/basis/transcode/fit_endpoints.d.ts

@@ -64,6 +64,17 @@ export function fit_endpoints(low: Uint8Array, high: Uint8Array, colors: Uint8Ar
  * weight, which says nothing about where the endpoints are
  */
 export function solve_endpoints(low: Uint8Array, high: Uint8Array, colors: Uint8Array, weight_of_selector: Int32Array, min_selector: number, max_selector: number): boolean;
+/**
+ * Which weight puts the interpolated colour closest to a target.
+ *
+ * @param {Uint8Array} low three channels
+ * @param {Uint8Array} high three channels
+ * @param {Int32Array} weights
+ * @param {Uint8Array} target
+ * @param {number} target_offset
+ * @returns {number} an index into `weights`
+ */
+export function nearest_weight(low: Uint8Array, high: Uint8Array, weights: Int32Array, target: Uint8Array, target_offset: number): number;
 /**
  * The `[min, max]` selector span of every entry of a selector codebook.
  *

package/src/format/texture/basis/transcode/fit_endpoints.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"fit_endpoints.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../src/format/texture/basis/transcode/fit_endpoints.js"],"names":[],"mappings":"AA2DA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GA2CG;AACH,mCAVW,UAAU,QACV,UAAU,UACV,UAAU,WACV,UAAU,gBACV,MAAM,gBACN,MAAM,QAwDhB;AAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAmBG;AACH,qCATW,UAAU,QACV,UAAU,UACV,UAAU,sBACV,UAAU,gBACV,MAAM,gBACN,MAAM,GACJ,OAAO,CAyCnB;AA+CD;;;;;GAKG;AACH,4EAFa,UAAU,CAyBtB;AAzQD;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,8BAFU,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE,CAOlB"}
+{"version":3,"file":"fit_endpoints.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../src/format/texture/basis/transcode/fit_endpoints.js"],"names":[],"mappings":"AA2DA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GA2CG;AACH,mCAVW,UAAU,QACV,UAAU,UACV,UAAU,WACV,UAAU,gBACV,MAAM,gBACN,MAAM,QAwDhB;AAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAmBG;AACH,qCATW,UAAU,QACV,UAAU,UACV,UAAU,sBACV,UAAU,gBACV,MAAM,gBACN,MAAM,GACJ,OAAO,CAyCnB;AAYD;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,oCAPW,UAAU,QACV,UAAU,WACV,UAAU,UACV,UAAU,iBACV,MAAM,GACJ,MAAM,CAyBlB;AAED;;;;;GAKG;AACH,4EAFa,UAAU,CAyBtB;AAzQD;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,8BAFU,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE,CAOlB"}

package/src/format/texture/basis/transcode/fit_endpoints.js

@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ function clamp_round(value) {
  * @param {number} target_offset
  * @returns {number} an index into `weights`
  */
-function nearest_weight(low, high, weights, target, target_offset) {
+export function nearest_weight(low, high, weights, target, target_offset) {
     let best = 0;
     let best_error = Infinity;
 

package/src/format/texture/basis/uastc/uastc_decode_block.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"uastc_decode_block.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../src/format/texture/basis/uastc/uastc_decode_block.js"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAiJA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAqBG;AAEH;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAgBG;AACH,0CATW,UAAU,QACV,MAAM,GACJ,UAAU,CAmEtB;AAwMD;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,0CAPW,UAAU,OACV,UAAU,eACV,MAAM,QA6BhB;AAhdD;;;;;GAKG;AACH,gCAFU,MAAM,CAEoB;;;;;;;;;UAoItB,MAAM;aACN,MAAM;;;;;eACN,OAAO;;;;aAEP,MAAM;;;;eACN,UAAU;;;;eACV,UAAU;;;;aACV,UAAU;;;;;oBACV,UAAU;;;;kBAEV,MAAM;gBACN,OAAO;;;;wBACP,MAAM"}
+{"version":3,"file":"uastc_decode_block.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../src/format/texture/basis/uastc/uastc_decode_block.js"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAgIA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAqBG;AAEH;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAgBG;AACH,0CATW,UAAU,QACV,MAAM,GACJ,UAAU,CAmEtB;AAwMD;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,0CAPW,UAAU,OACV,UAAU,eACV,MAAM,QA6BhB;AA9bD;;;;;GAKG;AACH,gCAFU,MAAM,CAEoB;;;;;;;;;UAkHtB,MAAM;aACN,MAAM;;;;;eACN,OAAO;;;;aAEP,MAAM;;;;eACN,UAAU;;;;eACV,UAAU;;;;aACV,UAAU;;;;;oBACV,UAAU;;;;kBAEV,MAAM;gBACN,OAAO;;;;wBACP,MAAM"}

package/src/format/texture/basis/uastc/uastc_decode_block.js

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { astc_interpolate } from "../astc_block.js";
 import {
     UASTC_ANCHORS_2,
     UASTC_ANCHORS_2_BC7_3,
@@ -74,24 +75,6 @@ function components_of(cem) {
     return cem === 4 ? 2 : cem === 8 ? 3 : 4;
 }
 
-/**
- * ASTC's endpoint interpolation, which UASTC uses unchanged.
- *
- * The eight-bit endpoints are widened to sixteen by replication before interpolating and the result
- * narrowed back, which is not the same as interpolating at eight bits — the extra precision is why
- * the specification calls the BC7 mapping lossy while the ASTC one is exact.
- *
- * @param {number} low eight bits
- * @param {number} high eight bits
- * @param {number} weight `[0, 64]`
- * @returns {number} eight bits
- */
-function interpolate(low, high, weight) {
-    const l = (low << 8) | low;
-    const h = (high << 8) | high;
-
-    return ((l * (64 - weight) + h * weight + 32) >> 6) >> 8;
-}
 
 /**
  * Dequantise one encoded endpoint integer to eight bits.
@@ -472,7 +455,7 @@ export function uastc_block_texels(block, out, out_offset = 0) {
 
             const weight = block.weights[texel * planes + plane];
 
-            out[out_offset + texel * 4 + c] = interpolate(
+            out[out_offset + texel * 4 + c] = astc_interpolate(
                 block.endpoints[low + c], block.endpoints[high + c], weight
             );
         }

package/src/generation/foliage/ANNUAL_SHOOTS_BRIEF_2026_10_25.md

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+# Annual Shoots: Leaves on Real-Sized Shoots
+
+## Problem
+
+The oak's leaf cards are a median 0.90 m long (species card 0.95 x 0.85 m). Each draws 5 leaves at about 0.3-0.4 m
+against a real 6-12 cm, and each moves as one rigid plate, so wind displaces large patches of the crown together. The
+cards are big because they stand in for twigs the skeleton never grows: the oak's leaf carriers (generator 2) are a
+median 1.24 m long, where a current-year oak shoot averages 5.5 cm.
+
+Shrinking the cards alone thins the crown: at 0.25 m cards the oak's leaf area falls from 163 to 45 m^2 and its side
+opacity from 0.75 to 0.33, because the density rule ties leaf area per metre of carrier to card size. (Both opacities
+came from a raster window that clipped the crown; see "Landed".)
+
+## Sources
+
+**[BB2000]** Buck-Sorlin, G.H. & Bell, A.D. (2000). Models of crown architecture in *Quercus petraea* and *Q. robur*:
+shoot lengths and bud numbers. *Forestry* 73(1): 1-19. Peripheral branches at mid-crown of two *Q. petraea* (70-120
+years) and one *Q. robur* (30 years); no difference found between the species in bud patterns or length distributions.
+
+| Quantity | Value | Where |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| Extension unit (one season's shoot) length, all oaks | mean 5.5 cm, median 3.8 cm, sd 5.0 | Table 4 |
+| Same, the *Q. robur* | mean 7.2 cm, median 5.8 cm | Table 4 |
+| Longest shoot by branching order | 30 cm (order 1) to 8 cm (order 4) | p. 9 |
+| Modal length | 3 cm (order 1) to 2 cm (order 4) | p. 9 |
+| Length distribution | negative binomial, orders 1-2 (p = 0.58, 0.60); Poisson with mean - 1, orders 3-4 | p. 10-11 |
+| Terminal shoot length | 11.7 +- 6.1 cm, about 1-31 cm | p. 11-12 |
+| Lateral lengths, subapical zone (0.8-0.99) | means 3.4-9.0 cm | p. 11 |
+| Lateral lengths, median zone (0.3-0.55) | means 3.4-7.0 cm, at most about 15 cm | p. 11 |
+| Where laterals grow out | none below 0.3; 23.3% at 0.3-0.55; almost none at 0.55-0.8 (female flowers); 71.4% at 0.8-0.99 | p. 11, Fig. 7 |
+| Share of all new shoots | subapical-zone laterals 44.4%, median-zone laterals 14.4% | p. 11 |
+| Subapical buds (pseudo-whorl under the terminal bud) | almost always 4 | p. 7, 17 |
+| Median buds | modal 6-10, range 0-21; length = 0.98 m - 2.7 cm (all orders) | p. 8, Table 5 |
+| Shoot types | spring flush 92.7%, Lammas 5.2%, sylleptic 2.1% | Table 3 |
+| Current shoot diameter | d = 0.27 + 0.02 l (cm), never above 5.5 mm | Table 7, p. 13 |
+| Branching orders on a branch | up to 7 | p. 15 |
+
+Subapical and median buds each sit in the axil of a leaf; basal buds have none (footnote 3, p. 5).
+
+**[BB1998]** Buck-Sorlin, G.H. & Bell, A.D. (1998). A quantification of shoot shedding in pedunculate oak (*Quercus
+robur* L.). *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society* 127: 371-391. Everything shed in one year by one free-standing
+*Q. robur* (about 14 m, 40 years).
+
+| Quantity | Value | Where |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| Shoot fragments shed in a year | 14,767 (13,185 actively shed, 1,582 broken) | p. 376 |
+| Age of shed fragments with current growth | 21.3% current, 33.8% 1 year, 21.6% 2 years, 23.3% 3-10 years | p. 382-383 |
+| Unbranched / a single extension unit | 70.5% / 35.8% (live); 90.7% / 66.6% (dead) | p. 381 |
+| Longest extension unit under 5 cm | 83.7% | p. 377 |
+| Most at risk | the highest branching orders; short shoots whose terminal bud seldom extends the axis | p. 388 |
+| Where | shoots up to about 10 years old: the outer metre of the crown | p. 388 |
+| How | always at the base of a module (the axis from one bud), never along it | p. 388 |
+| Net effect | "the surplus of peripheral shoots apparently produced every year is mostly thinned out within 2 years" | p. 388 |
+
+**[W1989]** Wilson, B.F. (1989). Tree branches as populations of twigs. *Can. J. Bot.* 67: 434-442, as cited in
+[BB2000] p. 15: twig populations fluctuate but show no long-term change in numbers.
+
+**[TP2015]** *Tree Physiology* (2015) table comparing *Q. robur* and *Q. faginea*: 11.2 +- 0.9 leaves per shoot. The age
+of the trees is not stated.
+
+## Derived
+
+- **Shoots per mother shoot per year: about 2.65.** On [BB2000]'s branch o1b1, laterals were 44.4% + 14.4% of new
+  shoots, which is 71.4% + 23.3% of laterals, so laterals were 62.2% of all new shoots and terminals 37.8%. If every
+  mother shoot grew its terminal bud, each yielded 1 terminal, 1.17 subapical laterals (29% of its 4 subapical buds)
+  and 0.38 median laterals.
+- **Survival: about 38% of new shoots a year.** A population that holds steady [W1989] keeps 1 / 2.65 of what it
+  produces, which matches "mostly thinned out within 2 years" [BB1998].
+- **Leaves per shoot: 4 + median buds**, 9-14 for typical lengths, against 11.2 in [TP2015].
+
+## Decisions
+
+Alex's direction (2026-10-25): appearance, flexibility and working well with the other parameters come before
+real-world accuracy.
+
+1. **The leaf-bearing unit is the current-year shoot.** A deciduous oak's leaves sit on this year's growth only. One
+   card per current-year shoot draws that shoot's leaves crowded at its tip (a new `rosette` leaf arrangement in the
+   atlas). The card covers the shoot plus its leaves, about 0.2 m for the oak.
+2. **The peripheral twig system is grown year by year** in a pass after the framework, from an explicit rule list,
+   `TreeSpeciesConfig.shoot_rules` (`ShootSystemRule`: carrier generator, shoot generator, years, vigour, and the
+   demography above as defaults). The shoot generator is an ordinary `BranchGeneratorConfig` for the twigs' look. A
+   module (the axis grown from one bud) is one skeleton branch, one segment per year, so shedding removes a module at
+   its base, as [BB1998] observed.
+3. **Every year**, each living module adds a terminal extension unit, and each unit grown the year before bursts its
+   buds: about 1.17 laterals in its subapical zone and 0.38 in its median zone. Lengths are drawn from [BB2000]'s
+   distributions, shorter with branching order.
+4. **Shedding** keeps, of each year's new shoots, the expected `vigour / 2.65` share, taking the highest-order and
+   shortest first [BB1998]. A deterministic dither keeps counts close to their expectation, so the crown does not
+   swing with seed luck.
+5. **Density closure (the one unsourced part).** Steady state fixes how a population changes, not how big it is. Each
+   carrier's own last `years` of growth seeds the system: its extension units are laid back from its tip, and each
+   one's buds start lineages. `vigour` (default above 1, a growing crown) is the authored knob that sets how full the
+   crown is; at 1 the periphery holds steady. LAI is reported as a check, not fitted.
+6. **Leaves only on current growth** is keyed on a runtime fact: the skeleton records where each module's current-year
+   unit starts. A carrier without that record keeps today's density rule, so every other preset is unchanged.
+7. **Levels.** All modules take the carrier's level + 1, the twig layer, so the LOD chain and the wind rig treat them as
+   one layer. Branching order is tracked inside the pass only.
+8. **Joints** come from the existing derived placement. Each current shoot carrying a card will likely take its own
+   joint, which is the leaf-scale motion this work is for. The `max_joints` safety net rises from 4,096 to 16,384 so
+   the oak does not reach it; that number is chosen.
+
+Not modelled: Lammas and sylleptic shoots (7.3% of shoots), male and female short shoots, and shedding of shoots older
+than the simulated `years`.
+
+## Plan
+
+1. `ShootSystemRule` config with [BB2000]/[BB1998] defaults, wired into `TreeSpeciesConfig`.
+2. `tree_skeleton_grow_shoots`: the demography as a pure, seeded function producing module records, then written into
+   the skeleton before the pipe-model pass, with radii from [BB2000] Table 7.
+3. Foliage: one card per current-year shoot; the `rosette` arrangement; segment mechanics take the same leaf area.
+4. The oak preset grows shoots on generators 2 and 4, with cards sized for 6-12 cm leaves.
+5. Specs: outgrowth positions and counts, steady survival at vigour 1, length means by order, leaves only on current
+   growth, mechanics leaf area equal to the cards'. Mutation-test them.
+6. Measure the oak (cards, joints, leaf area, opacity, triangles, generation time) and look at it in the playground.
+
+## Landed
+
+Built as planned, with these differences.
+
+- **Pass order.** The shoots are written after the pipe-model pass, not before. The pipe pass would otherwise thicken
+  the framework under shoots already placed against it, and they would end up inside its wood. Twig radii are not
+  left to the pipe model: each axis's radius is computed bottom-up from [BB2000] Table 7. Each unit takes the
+  largest of:
+  - its current-shoot diameter, aged by one year per unit below the tip;
+  - the pipe area of what it carries;
+  - 1 / 0.82 of its thickest lateral.
+
+  The radius floor is 1.9 mm, the thinnest tip the bark mesher draws cleanly, and the framework's own floor in
+  `tree_skeleton_grow.spec.js`. A carrier's young end is thickened the same way, then swept so it still tapers.
+- **No twig grows through wood.** All carriers are thickened first. Then each axis's path is computed and tested
+  against a spatial hash of the framework (`FrameworkHash`). An axis that would cross the framework is a blocked bud
+  and does not grow, nor does anything on it. Its own junction with its mother is exempt. Measured at seed 1337: 286
+  of 2,639 modules are blocked, and 195 more lose their mother that way.
+- **Plagiotropic mothers** knock out ventral buds as the framework's do: a bud turns by the golden angle, up to 5
+  times, until it clears the downward cone.
+- **Each segment now bends under its own load.** Before, only what a segment carried loaded it, so a twig of one unit,
+  carrying its card at the tip, had zero compliance. A segment's own drag and mass now act at L / 6 from its base.
+  Together with the twig layer, this moved the oak's boughs, so `elastic_modulus` was refitted from 3.33e7 to 4.55e7.
+  Over 12 seeds, the median primary bough of the oak, bent as one cantilever, is back at its old compliance (ratio
+  0.999). Against their sway before, maple boughs move 1.12x, pine 1.14x and birch 1.04x.
+- **The oak preset**, tuned for its look:
+  - Its secondary branches (generator 2) are 1.4x longer, with 12 to a bough where there were 8.
+  - Shoot rules run on generators 1, 2 and 4, with `years: 10` and `vigour: 1.3`.
+  - The cards are `TriStarCluster` cards of 0.17 x 0.17 m. Each carries a `rosette` of 11 leaflets.
+- **`max_joints`** rose to 16,384, as planned.
+
+**Measured, oak at seed 1337, master (6aff5265e) against now:**
+
+| | master | now |
+| :--- | ---: | ---: |
+| current shoots | none | 2,158 |
+| cards | 842 | 2,261 |
+| median card length | 0.90 m | 0.17 m (p10 0.14, p90 0.20) |
+| skeleton nodes | 766 | 9,860 |
+| wind joints (1 cm) | 447 | 5,703 |
+| leaf area | 164 m^2 | 93 m^2 |
+| LAI over the crown's top silhouette | 4.0 | 3.2 |
+| side opacity over the silhouette | 0.64 (40.0 m^2) | 0.49 (26.7 m^2) |
+| top opacity | 0.74 (40.8 m^2) | 0.61 (29.3 m^2) |
+| generation, best of 8 | 291 ms | 441 ms |
+
+The playground draws the oak at LOD 0 in 82,761 triangles.
+
+**Opacity is set by the framework's gaps, not by the leaf.** The crown is more see-through than master's. Each leaf now
+sits on its own twig, and the gaps between boughs show. Raising the leaf does little:
+
+| years : vigour | shoots | joints | leaf | LAI | side opacity |
+| :--- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
+| 10 : 1.3 (preset) | 2,158 | 5,703 | 93 m^2 | 3.2 | 0.49 |
+| 12 : 1.3 | 3,042 | 8,066 | 129 m^2 | 4.2 | 0.55 |
+| 10 : 1.5 | 4,919 | 10,455 | 202 m^2 | 6.7 | 0.62 |
+| 10 : 1.7 | 9,442 | 15,719 | 372 m^2 | 12.1 | 0.67 |
+
+At vigour 1.7, four times the leaf area gives 0.67. A fuller crown is a framework change: more or longer boughs.
+
+**Correction (2026-10-26).** The first version of these tables came from a probe whose raster window was a fixed 14 m
+square. It clipped the oak's top view, and master's side view too, whose 0.9 m cards reach past it. With a window
+fitted to the leaves, master's oak reads side 0.64 over 40.0 m^2, top 0.74 over 40.8 m^2, LAI 4.0 (first stated as
+0.75 over 33.9, 0.83 over 21.9 and 7.5), and the oak with shoots LAI 3.2 (first stated as 5.2, "an oak crown's"). It is
+lower than master's, not equal to a real crown's.
+
+**Other presets** keep their cards. They have no `shoot_rules`, so they change only through the new self-load and
+modulus. Joints at seed 1337, master against now: pine 525 to 544, birch 186 to 185, willow 514 to 513, maple 313 to
+332, spruce 423 to 435, palm 65 to 65, shrub 46 to 54, fern 26 to 24. Their card counts are unchanged.
+
+**Specs.**
+- **Demography:** `shoot_demography.spec.js`, 6 specs.
+- **Shoot layer:** `tree_skeleton_grow_shoots.spec.js`, 10 specs:
+  - The twig layer and its records.
+  - The framework is untouched by the shoot rules.
+  - One card per current shoot, anchored on its current unit.
+  - A single-unit twig bends.
+  - Determinism.
+  - Twig against mother radius.
+  - Year-old wood against Table 7.
+  - Every atlas variant is used.
+  - A carrier's young end and its tip against Table 7.
+- **Mutation testing:** 11 mutants, all killed:
+  - zone widened;
+  - no shedding;
+  - no order shortening;
+  - no framework avoidance;
+  - no plagiotropic knockout;
+  - no self-load;
+  - leaves along the whole carrier;
+  - no carrier thickening;
+  - no twig radius floor;
+  - no ageing;
+  - one maturity for every card.
+- **Existing specs:**
+  - `tree_skeleton_grow.spec.js` allows twigs Table 7's slenderness, up to 50, against 26 for the framework.
+  - Its interpenetration check skips twig against twig, and twig against its mother within one segment of the
+    junction.
+  - The density and reach specs moved from the oak to the maple, which still has density-rule cards.
+
+**Not done.**
+- Lammas and sylleptic shoots.
+- Shedding of shoots older than `years`.
+- Shoots for the other broadleaf presets. Maple and birch would take the same rules once their own shoot lengths are
+  sourced.