liblouis-rb 0.1.0

data/vendor/liblouis/tables/IPA-unicode-range.uti

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+# liblouis: International Phonetic Alphabet
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Ludovic Oger <oger.ludovic@gmail.com>
+
+#  This file is part of liblouis.
+#
+#  liblouis is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+#  published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2.1 of the
+#  License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  liblouis is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+#  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+#  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+#  License along with liblouis. If not, see
+#  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+# This table contains braille codes for a part of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA, 2005) :
+# The IPA symbols in this table do not conflict with other tables
+# The others IPA symbols might conflict with other tables are inclued in the 'IPA.utb' table.
+# (e.g. conflict: θ (Unicode 03B8) is the greek letter theta, french braille code is different between greek and phonetic)
+ 
+
+# --------REFERENCES--------
+#   - IPA Braille: An Updated Tactile Representation of the International Phonetic Alphabet
+#     Print Edition
+#     Edited by Robert Englebretson, Ph.D.
+#     Produced by CNIB
+#     For the International Council on English Braille - 2008
+#     <http://www.iceb.org/icebipa.htm>
+#     (this reference document is reprinted in 'World Braille Usage - Third Edition - 2013 - Copyright (C) 1954, 1990 UNESCO')
+#
+#   - "IPA Chart, http://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart,
+#      available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License.
+#      Copyright (C) 2015 International Phonetic Association."
+
+
+# Last updated on January 23, 2018
+
+
+#--------PULMONIC CONSONANTS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS                 # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+noback sign \x0288 256-2345    # ʈ - right-tail t - voiceless retroflex plosive
+noback sign \x0256 256-145     # ɖ - right-tail d - voiced retroflex plosive
+noback sign \x025F 35-245      # ɟ - barred dotless j - voiced palatal plosive
+noback sign \x0261 1245        # ɡ - lowercase script g - voiced velar plosive
+noback sign \x0262 35-1245     # ɢ - small capital g - voiced uvular plosive
+noback sign \x0294 23          # ʔ - glottal stop - glottal plosive
+noback sign \x0271 235-134     # ɱ - left-tail m (at right) - voiced labiodental nasal
+noback sign \x0273 256-1345    # ɳ - right-tail n - voiced retroflex nasal
+noback sign \x0272 123456      # ɲ - left-tail n (at left) - voiced palatal nasal
+noback sign \x014B 1246        # ŋ - eng - voiced velar nasal
+noback sign \x0274 35-1345     # ɴ - small capital n - voiced uvular nasal
+noback sign \x0299 35-12       # ʙ - small capital b - voiced bilabial trill
+noback sign \x0280 35-1235     # ʀ - small capital r - voiced uvular trill
+noback sign \x027E 235-1235    # ɾ - fish-hook r - voiced alveolar tap
+noback sign \x027D 256-1235    # ɽ - right-tail r - voiced retroflex flap
+noback sign \x0278 46-124      # ɸ - 'phi' (latin small letter phi) - voiceless bilabial fricative (IPA Extensions here, greek phi is \x03D5)
+noback sign \x00F0 12456       # ð - edh - voiced dental fricative
+noback sign \x0283 156         # ʃ - esh - voiceless postalveolar fricative
+noback sign \x0292 2346        # ʒ - ezh - voiced postalveolar fricative
+noback sign \x0282 256-234     # ʂ - right-tail s (at left) - voiceless retroflex fricative
+noback sign \x0290 256-1356    # ʐ - right-tail z - voiced retroflex fricative
+noback sign \x029D 236-245     # ʝ - curly-tail j - voiced palatal fricative
+noback sign \x0263 46-1245     # ɣ - 'gamma' (latin small letter gamma) - voiced velar fricative (IPA Extensions here, greek gamma is \x03B3)
+noback sign \x0281 35-3456     # ʁ - inverted small capital r - voiced uvular fricative
+noback sign \x0127 235-125     # ħ - barred h - voiceless pharyngeal fricative
+noback sign \x0295 235-23      # ʕ - reversed glottal stop - voiced pharyngeal fricative or approximant
+noback sign \x0266 236-125     # ɦ - hooktop h - voiced glottal fricative
+noback sign \x026C 236-123     # ɬ - belted l - voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
+noback sign \x026E 123-5-2346  # ɮ - l-ezh ligature - voiced alveolar lateral fricative
+noback sign \x028B 236-1236    # ʋ - script v - voiced labiodental approximant
+noback sign \x0279 3456        # ɹ - turned r - voiced alveolar approximant
+noback sign \x027B 256-3456    # ɻ - turned r, right tail - voiced retroflex approximant
+noback sign \x0270 236-134     # ɰ - turned m, right leg - voiced velar approximant
+noback sign \x026D 256-123     # ɭ - right-tail l - voiced retroflex lateral approximant
+noback sign \x028E 236-13456   # ʎ - turned y - voiced palatal lateral approximant
+noback sign \x029F 35-123      # ʟ - small capital l - voiced velar lateral approximant
+
+
+#--------NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS                 # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+noback sign \x0253 236-12      # ɓ - hooktop b - voiced bilabial implosive
+noback sign \x0257 236-145     # ɗ - hooktop d - voiced dental/alveolar implosive
+noback sign \x0284 236-35-245  # ʄ - hooktop barred dotless j - voiced palatal implosive
+noback sign \x0260 236-1245    # ɠ - hooktop g - voiced velar implosive
+noback sign \x029B 236-35-1245 # ʛ - hooktop small capital g - voiced uvular implosive
+noback sign \x0298 12346-1234  # ʘ - bull's eye - bilabial click
+noback sign \x01C0 12346-1456  # ǀ - pipe - dental click
+noback sign \x01C3 12346-2345  # ǃ - exclamation point - (post-)alveolar click
+noback sign \x01C2 12346-156   # ǂ - double-barred pipe - palatoalveolar click
+noback sign \x01C1 12346-123   # ǁ - double pipe - alveolar lateral click
+
+
+#--------OTHER PULMONIC CONSONANTS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS                 # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+noback sign \x028D 235-2456    # ʍ - turned w - voiceless labial-velar fricative
+noback sign \x0265 256-125     # ɥ - turned h - voiced labial-palatal approximant
+noback sign \x029C 35-125      # ʜ - small capital h - voiceless epiglottal fricative
+noback sign \x02A1 236-23      # ʡ - barred glottal stop - epiglottal plosive
+noback sign \x02A2 35-23       # ʢ - barred reversed glottal stop - voiced epiglottal fricative
+noback sign \x0267 236-1246    # ɧ - hooktop heng - simultaneous voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative
+noback sign \x027A 236-3456    # ɺ - turned long-leg r - voiced alveolar lateral flap
+noback sign \x0255 236-14      # ɕ - curly-tail c - voiceless alveolopalatal fricative
+noback sign \x0291 236-1356    # ʑ - curly-tail z - voiced alveolopalatal fricative
+noback sign \x026B 235-123     # ɫ - lowercase l with tilde - velarized voiced alveolar lateral approximant
+
+
+#--------VOWELS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS                 # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+noback sign \x025B 345         # ɛ - 'epsilon' (latin small letter open e) - open-mid front unrounded vowel (IPA Extensions here, greek epsilon is \x03B5)
+noback sign \x0251 16          # ɑ - script a - open back unrounded vowel
+noback sign \x0254 126         # ɔ - open o - open-mid back rounded vowel
+noback sign \x0276 35-246      # ɶ - small capital o-e ligature - open front rounded vowel
+noback sign \x0252 235-16      # ɒ - turned script a - open back rounded vowel
+noback sign \x028C 346         # ʌ - turned v (caret) - open-mid back unrounded vowel
+noback sign \x0264 235-135     # ɤ - ram's horns - close-mid back unrounded vowel
+noback sign \x026F 235-136     # ɯ - turned m - close back unrounded vowel
+noback sign \x0268 356-24      # ɨ - barred i - close central unrounded vowel
+noback sign \x0289 356-136     # ʉ - barred u - close central rounded vowel
+noback sign \x026A 34          # ɪ - small capital i - near-close near-front unrounded vowel
+noback sign \x028F 35-13456    # ʏ - small capital y - near-close near-front rounded vowel
+noback sign \x028A 12356       # ʊ - 'upsilon' (latin small letter upsilon) - near-close near-back rounded vowel (IPA Extensions here, greek upsilon is \x03C5)
+noback sign \x0259 26          # ə - schwa - mid central vowel
+noback sign \x0275 356-135     # ɵ - barred o - close-mid central rounded vowel
+noback sign \x0250 235-1       # ɐ - turned a - near-open central vowel
+noback sign \x025C 235-345     # ɜ - reversed epsilon - open-mid central unrounded vowel
+noback sign \x025A 26-5-1235   # ɚ - right-hook schwa - r-colored mid central vowel
+noback sign \x025E 236-345     # ɞ - closed reversed epsilon - open-mid central rounded vowel
+noback sign \x0258 235-15      # ɘ - reversed e - close-mid central unrounded vowel
+
+
+#--------DIACRITICS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS                 # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+noback sign \x02BC 5-3         # ʼ - apostrophe - ejective
+noback sign \x0325 6-1246      # ̥  - ring below - voiceless
+noback sign \x030A 4-1246      # ̊  - ring above - voiceless
+noback sign \x02B0 4-125       # ʰ - superscript h - aspirated
+noback sign \x0324 6-25        # ̤  - umlaut below - breathy voiced
+noback sign \x0330 6-12456     # ̰  - tilde below - creaky voiced
+noback sign \x033C 6-12346     # ̼  - seagull below - linguolabial
+noback sign \x032A 6-1456      # ̪  - bridge below - dental
+noback sign \x033A 6-235-1456  # ̺  - inverted bridge below - apical
+noback sign \x033B 6-2356      # ̻  - square below - laminal
+noback sign \x0339 6-135       # ̹  - right half-ring below - more rounded
+noback sign \x031C 6-246       # ̜  - left half-ring below - less rounded
+noback sign \x031F 6-346       # ̟  - plus below - advanced
+noback sign \x0320 6-36        # ̠  - minus below - retracted
+noback sign \x0308 4-25        # ̈  - umlaut above - centralized
+noback sign \x033D 4-1346      # ̽  - over-cross above - mid-centralized
+noback sign \x0318 6-156       # ̘  - advancing sign below - advanced tongue root
+noback sign \x0319 6-234       # ̙  - retracting sign below - retracted tongue root
+noback sign \x02DE 5-1235      # ˞  - right hook - rhoticity
+noback sign \x02B7 4-2456      # ʷ - superscript w - labialized
+noback sign \x02B2 4-245       # ʲ - superscript j - palatalized
+noback sign \x02E0 4-46-1245   # ˠ - superscript gamma - velarized
+noback sign \x02E4 4-235-23    # ˤ - superscript reversed glottal stop - pharyngealized
+noback sign \x0303 4-12456     # ̃  - tilde above - nasalized
+noback sign \x207F 4-1345      # ⁿ - superscript n - nasal release
+noback sign \x02E1 4-123       # ˡ - superscript l - lateral release
+noback sign \x031A 4-145       # ̚  - corner above - no audible release
+noback sign \x0334 5-12456     # ̴  - superimposed tilde - velarized or pharyngealized
+noback sign \x031D 6-345       # ̝  - raising sign below - raised
+noback sign \x031E 6-126       # ̞  - lowering sign below - lowered
+noback sign \x0329 6-23        # ̩  - vertical line below - syllabic
+noback sign \x0361 5           # ͡  - top tie bar - affricate or double articulation
+
+
+#--------SUPRASEGMENTALS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS                 # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+noback sign \x02C8 456-12      # ˈ - vertical stroke (superior) - (primary) stress
+noback sign \x02CC 456-23      # ˌ - vertical stroke (inferior) - secondary stress
+noback sign \x02D0 25          # ː - length mark - long
+noback sign \x02D1 5-2         # ˑ - half-length mark - half-long
+noback sign \x0306 4-12356     # ̆  - breve above - extra-short
+noback sign \x203F 456-123     # ‿ - bottom tie bar - linking (absence of a break)
+
+
+#--------TONES AND WORD ACCENTS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS                 # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+noback sign \x030B 4-6-34      # ̋  - double acute accent above - extra high level tone
+noback sign \x0301 4-34        # ́  - acute accent above - high level tone
+noback sign \x0304 4-14        # ̄  - macron above - mid level tone
+noback sign \x0300 4-16        # ̀  - grave accent above - low level tone
+noback sign \x030F 4-6-16      # ̏  - double grave accent above - extra low level tone
+noback sign \x030C 4-236       # ̌  - wedge above - rising contour tone
+noback sign \x0302 4-146       # ̂  - circumflex above - falling contour tone
+noback sign \x1DC4 4-24        # ᷄ (UTF-16) - macron-acute above - high -rising contour tone
+noback sign \x1DC5 4-35        # ᷅ (UTF-16) - grave-macron above - low-rising contour tone
+noback sign \x1DC8 4-256       # ᷈ (UTF-16) - grave-acute- grave above - rising-falling contour tone
+noback sign \xF19D 456-2346    #  - down arrow - downstep
+noback sign \x02E5 456-4-14    # ˥ - extra-high (55) tone bar - extra high level tone
+noback sign \x02E6 456-14      # ˦ - high (44) tone bar - high level tone
+noback sign \x02E7 456-25      # ˧ - mid (33) tone bar - mid level tone
+noback sign \x02E8 456-36      # ˨ - low (22) tone bar - low level tone
+noback sign \x02E9 456-6-36    # ˩ - extra-low (11) tone bar - extra low level tone

data/vendor/liblouis/tables/IPA.utb

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+# liblouis: International Phonetic Alphabet
+
+# Copyright (C) 2016 by Ludovic Oger <oger.ludovic@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2025 by RNIB <www.rnib.org.uk>
+# Copyright (C) 2025 by Robert Englebretson
+
+#  This file is part of liblouis.
+#
+#  liblouis is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+#  published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2.1 of the
+#  License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  liblouis is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+#  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+#  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+#  License along with liblouis. If not, see
+#  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#-display-name: International Phonetic Alphabet braille
+#-index-name: International Phonetic Alphabet
+
+#+language: *-fonipa
+#+dots: 6
+
+# This table contains braille codes for a part of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA, 2005).
+# WARNING! The IPA symbols in this table might conflict with other tables. (e.g. conflict: θ
+#          (Unicode 03B8) is the greek letter theta, french braille code is different between greek
+#          and phonetic)
+# WARNING! This table is not intended to be included in other tables. The symbol definitions that
+#          are safe to include in other tables are collected in IPA-unicode-range.uti.
+
+
+# --------REFERENCES--------
+#   - IPA Braille: An Updated Tactile Representation of the International Phonetic Alphabet
+#     Print Edition
+#     Edited by Robert Englebretson, Ph.D.
+#     Produced by CNIB
+#     For the International Council on English Braille - 2008
+#     <http://www.iceb.org/icebipa.htm>
+#     (this reference document is reprinted in 'World Braille Usage - Third Edition - 2013 - Copyright (C) 1954, 1990 UNESCO')
+#
+#   - "IPA Chart, http://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart,
+#      available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License.
+#      Copyright (C) 2015 International Phonetic Association."
+
+
+#--------NOTES--------
+# This table includes:
+#   - Symbols defined in IPA-unicode-range.uti
+#   - Characters include in latinLetterDef6Dots.uti table (a, b, c...). 
+#   - Some current symbols (e.g. point '.')
+#   - 'Phonetic and Phonemic Enclosures'
+# Some lines are commented for reference:
+#   - Tricky character compositions, see end of 'Tones and Word Accents'
+# Some IPA unicode symbols are not present in the reference document so there is no braille equivalent.
+#   Example: \x02D4 for 'MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK',
+#            see <http://unicode.org/cldr/utility/list-unicodeset.jsp?a=\p{subhead=Miscellaneous%20phonetic%20modifiers}>
+
+
+# Last updated on January 16, 2025
+
+# Definitions of spaces
+include spaces.uti
+
+# IPA symbols that do not conflict with other tables
+include IPA-unicode-range.uti
+sign \x032C 6-236       # ̬  - wedge below - voiced
+sign \x032F 6-23456     # ̯  - arch below - non-syllabic
+sign \x2016 456-123456  # ‖ - double vertical line - major (intonation) group
+sign \x2197 456-145     # ↗ - upward diagonal arrow - global rise
+sign \x2198 456-356     # ↘ - downward diagonal arrow - global fall
+sign \xF19C 456-1246    #  - up arrow - upstep
+sign \x2193 456-2346    # ↓ - down arrow - downstep
+sign \x2191 456-1246    # ↑ - up arrow - upstep
+
+#--------PULMONIC CONSONANTS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS          # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+sign \x0070 1234        # p - lowercase p - voiceless bilabial plosive
+sign \x0062 12          # b - lowercase b - voiced bilabial plosive
+sign \x0074 2345        # t - lowercase t - voiceless alveolar plosive
+sign \x0064 145         # d - lowercase d - voiced alveolar plosive
+sign \x0063 14          # c - lowercase c - voiceless palatal plosive
+sign \x006B 13          # k - lowercase k - voiceless velar plosive
+sign \x0067 1245        # g - lowercase g - voiced velar plosive (alternate glyph)
+sign \x0071 12345       # q - lowercase q - voiceless uvular plosive
+sign \x006D 134         # m - lowercase m - voiced bilabial nasal
+sign \x006E 1345        # n - lowercase n - voiced alveolar nasal
+sign \x0072 1235        # r - lowercase r - voiced alveolar trill
+sign \x2C71 235-1236    # ⱱ (UTF-16) - right-hook v - labiodental flap
+sign \xF25F 235-1236    #  (UTF-16) - right-hook v - labiodental flap
+sign \x03B2 46-12       # β - beta - voiced bilabial fricative (WARNING: greek letter)
+sign \x0066 124         # f - lowercase f - voiceless labiodental fricative
+sign \x0076 1236        # v - lowercase v - voiced labiodental fricative
+sign \x03B8 46-1456     # θ - theta - voiceless dental fricative (WARNING: greek letter)
+sign \x0073 234         # s - lowercase s - voiceless alveolar fricative
+sign \x007A 1356        # z - lowercase z - voiced alveolar fricative
+sign \x00E7 235-14      # ç - c cedilla - voiceless palatal fricative
+sign \x0078 1346        # x - lowercase x - voiceless velar fricative
+sign \x03C7 46-12346    # χ - chi - voiceless uvular fricative (WARNING: greek letter)
+sign \x0068 125         # h - lowercase h - voiceless glottal fricative
+sign \x006A 245         # j - lowercase j - voiced palatal approximant
+sign \x006C 123         # l - lowercase l - voiced alveolar lateral approximant
+
+
+#--------OTHER PULMONIC CONSONANTS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS          # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+sign \x0077 2456        # w - lowercase w - voiced labial-velar approximant
+
+
+#--------VOWELS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS          # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+sign \x0069 24          # i - lowercase i - close front unrounded vowel
+sign \x0065 15          # e - lowercase e - close-mid front unrounded vowel
+sign \x0061 1           # a - lowercase a - open front unrounded vowel
+sign \x006F 135         # o - lowercase o - close-mid back rounded vowel
+sign \x0075 136         # u - lowercase u - close back rounded vowel
+sign \x0079 13456       # y - lowercase y - close front rounded vowel
+sign \x00F8 1256        # ø - slashed o - close-mid front rounded vowel
+sign \x0153 246         # œ - lowercase o-e ligature - open-mid front rounded vowel
+sign \x00E6 146         # æ - ash - near-open front unrounded vowel
+
+# Non-IPA Symbols for Postalveolar Fricatives and Affricates
+# Americanist tradition, still widely used in the phonetic/phonemic transcription of First Nations/indigenous languages, also widely used in ESL/EFL materials
+# these are the precomposed characters; can also be achieved by using the combining hacek diacritic
+sign \x0161 234-4-236     # š - s wedge - voiceless postalveolar fricative
+sign \x017E 1356-4-236    # ž - z wedge - voiced postalveolar fricative
+sign \x010D 14-4-236      # č - c wedge - voiceless postalveolar affricate
+sign \x01F0 245-4-236     # ǰ - j wedge - voiced postalveolar affricate
+
+# Non-IPA Symbols for Ligatured Affricates
+#These are the precomposed characters still used in some publications; equivalent to using the individual characters with the tie bar diacritic
+noback sign \x02A6 2345-5-234        # ʦ - t-s ligature - voiceless alveolar affricate
+noback sign \x02A3 145-5-1356        # ʣ - d-z ligature - voiced alveolar affricate
+noback sign \x02A7 2345-5-156        # ʧ - t-esh ligature - voiceless postalveolar affricate
+noback sign \x02A4 145-5-2346        # ʤ - d-ezh ligature - voiced postalveolar affricate
+noback sign \x02A8 2345-5-236-14     # ʨ - t-curly-tail-c ligature - voiceless alveolopalatal affricate
+noback sign \x02A5 145-5-236-1356    # ʥ - d-curly-tail-z ligature - voiced alveolopalatal affricate
+
+#--------SUPRASEGMENTALS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS          # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+sign \x002E 3           # . - full stop - syllable break
+sign \x007C 456-1256    # | - vertical line - minor (foot) group
+sign \x002C 2           # , - comma - pause/comma
+sign \x002D 36          # - - hyphen (dash) - morpheme break/hyphen
+sign \x2192 456-135     # → - rightward arrow - rewrite arrow (is realized as)
+
+
+#--------TONES AND WORD ACCENTS--------
+# UNICODE DOTS          # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC.
+#   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_letter)
+always \x02E9\x02E5 456-34 # ˩˥ - rising (15) tone bar - rising contour tone
+always \x02E9\x02E7 456-35 # ˩˧ - low-rising (13) tone bar - low-rising contour tone
+always \x02E7\x02E5 456-24 # ˧˥ - high-rising (35) tone bar - high-rising contour tone
+always \x02E5\x02E9 456-16 # ˥˩ - falling (51) tone bar - falling contour tone
+always \x02E8\x02E5\x02E8 456-256 # ˨˥˨ - rising-falling (151) tone bar - rising-falling contour tone
+
+#--------PHONETIC AND PHONEMIC ENCLOSURES--------
+sign \x005B 45-12356    # [ - left square bracket - begin phonetic transcription
+sign \x005D 45-23456    # ] - right square bracket - end phonetic transcription
+sign \x002F 45-34       # / - slash - begin/end phonemic transcription