passagemath-combinat 10.6.42__cp314-cp314t-win_amd64.whl

sage/databases/sloane.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+"""
+Local copy of the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
+
+The ``SloaneEncyclopedia`` object provides access to a local copy of the database
+containing only the sequences and their names. To use this, you must download
+and install the database using ``SloaneEncyclopedia.install()``, or
+``SloaneEncyclopedia.install_from_gz()`` if you have already downloaded the
+database manually.
+
+To look up a sequence, type
+
+::
+
+    sage: SloaneEncyclopedia[60843]  # optional - sloane_database
+    [1, 6, 21, 107, 47176870]
+
+To get the name of a sequence, type
+
+::
+
+    sage: SloaneEncyclopedia.sequence_name(1)  # optional - sloane_database
+    'Number of groups of order n.'
+
+To search locally for a particular subsequence, type
+
+::
+
+    sage: SloaneEncyclopedia.find([1,2,3,4,5], 1)    # optional - sloane_database
+    [(15, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7, 8, 9, 11, 11, 13, 13, 16, 16, 16, 17, 19, 19, 23, 23, 23, 23, 25, 25, 27, 27, 29, 29, 31, 31, 32, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 41, 41, 41, 41, 43, 43, 47, 47, 47, 47, 49, 49, 53, 53, 53, 53, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 61, 61, 64, 64, 64, 67, 67, 67, 71, 71, 71, 71, 73])]
+
+The default maximum number of results is 30, but to return up to
+100, type
+
+::
+
+    sage: SloaneEncyclopedia.find([1,2,3,4,5], 100)  # optional - sloane_database
+    [(15, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7, 8, 9, 11, 11, ...
+
+Results in either case are of the form [ (number, list) ].
+
+
+.. SEEALSO::
+
+    - If you want to get more informations relative to a sequence (references,
+      links, examples, programs, ...), you can use the On-Line Encyclopedia of
+      Integer Sequences provided by the :mod:`OEIS <sage.databases.oeis>`
+      module.
+    - Some infinite OEIS sequences are implemented in Sage, via the
+      :mod:`sloane_functions <sage.combinat.sloane_functions>` module.
+
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Steven Sivek (2005-12-22): first version
+
+- Steven Sivek (2006-02-07): updated to correctly handle the new
+  search form on the Sloane website, and it is now also smarter about
+  loading the local database in that it does not convert a sequence
+  from string form to a list of integers until absolutely necessary.
+  This seems to cut the loading time roughly in half.
+
+- Steven Sivek (2009-12-22): added the SloaneEncyclopedia functions
+  install() and install_from_gz() so users can get the latest versions
+  of the OEIS without having to get an updated spkg; added
+  sequence_name() to return the description of a sequence; and changed
+  the data type for elements of each sequence from int to Integer.
+
+- Thierry Monteil (2012-02-10): deprecated dead code and update related doc and
+  tests.
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#
+#      Sage: Copyright (C) 2005-2006 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#                               and  Steven Sivek  <ssivek@mit.edu>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+import bz2
+import os
+import re
+
+from urllib.request import urlretrieve
+import ssl
+
+from sage.misc.verbose import verbose
+from sage.env import SAGE_SHARE
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+
+
+class SloaneEncyclopediaClass:
+    """
+    A local copy of the Sloane Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
+    that contains only the sequence numbers and the sequences
+    themselves.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Initialize the database but do not load any of the data.
+        """
+        self.__path__ = os.path.join(SAGE_SHARE, 'sloane')
+        self.__file__ = os.path.join(self.__path__, 'sloane-oeis.bz2')
+        self.__file_names__ = os.path.join(self.__path__, 'sloane-names.bz2')
+        self.__loaded__ = False
+        self.__loaded_names__ = False
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        String representation of this database.
+
+        OUTPUT: string
+        """
+        return "Local copy of Sloane Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences"
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """
+        Return an iterator through the encyclopedia. Elements are of the
+        form [number, sequence].
+        """
+        for i in self.__data__:
+            yield [i, self[i]]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, N):
+        """
+        Return sequence N in the encyclopedia. If sequence N does not
+        exist, return ``[]``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``N`` -- integer
+
+        OUTPUT: list
+        """
+        self.load()
+        if N not in self.__data__:  # sequence N does not exist
+            return []
+        if self.__data__[N][1] is None:  # list N has not been created yet
+            list = self.__data__[N][2].strip(',').split(',')
+            self.__data__[N][1] = [ZZ(n) for n in list]
+        return self.__data__[N][1]
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        """
+        Return the number of sequences in the encyclopedia.
+        """
+        self.load()
+        return len(self.__data__)
+
+    def is_installed(self):
+        """
+        Check if a local copy of the encyclopedia is installed.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: SloaneEncyclopedia.is_installed()  # optional - sloane_database
+            True
+        """
+        return os.path.exists(self.__file__) and os.path.exists(self.__file_names__)
+
+    def find(self, seq, maxresults=30):
+        """
+        Return a list of all sequences which have seq as a subsequence, up
+        to maxresults results. Sequences are returned in the form (number,
+        list).
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``seq`` -- list
+
+        - ``maxresults`` -- integer
+
+        OUTPUT: list of 2-tuples (i, v), where v is a sequence with seq as
+        a subsequence.
+        """
+        self.load()
+
+        answer, nanswer = [], 0
+        pattern = re.sub(r'[\[\]]', ',', str(seq).replace(' ', ''))
+        for i in self.__data__:
+            if self.__data__[i][2].find(pattern) != -1:
+                answer.append((i, self[i]))
+                nanswer = nanswer + 1
+                if nanswer == maxresults:
+                    return answer
+
+        return answer
+
+    def install(self, oeis_url='https://oeis.org/stripped.gz',
+                names_url='https://oeis.org/names.gz', overwrite=False):
+        """
+        Download and install the online encyclopedia, raising an IOError if
+        either step fails.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``oeis_url`` -- string (default: ``'https://oeis.org...'``)
+          The URL of the stripped.gz encyclopedia file
+
+        - ``names_url`` -- string (default: ``'https://oeis.org...'``)
+          The URL of the names.gz encyclopedia file.  If you do not want to
+          download this file, set names_url=None.
+
+        - ``overwrite`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if the encyclopedia is
+          already installed and overwrite=True, download and install the latest
+          version over the installed one
+        """
+        # See if the encyclopedia already exists
+        if not overwrite and os.path.exists(self.__file__):
+            raise OSError("Sloane encyclopedia is already installed")
+
+        tm = verbose("Downloading stripped version of Sloane encyclopedia")
+        ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl.create_default_context
+        try:
+            fname, _ = urlretrieve(oeis_url)
+        except OSError as msg:
+            raise OSError("%s\nError fetching the following website:\n    %s\nTry checking your internet connection." % (msg, oeis_url))
+
+        if names_url is not None:
+            try:
+                nname, _ = urlretrieve(names_url)
+            except OSError as msg:
+                raise OSError("%s\nError fetching the following website:\n    %s\nTry checking your internet connection." % (msg, names_url))
+        else:
+            nname = None
+        verbose("Finished downloading", tm)
+
+        self.install_from_gz(fname, nname, overwrite)
+        # Delete the temporary downloaded files
+        os.remove(fname)
+        if nname is not None:
+            os.remove(nname)
+
+    def install_from_gz(self, stripped_file, names_file, overwrite=False):
+        """
+        Install the online encyclopedia from a local stripped.gz file.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``stripped_file`` -- string; the name of the stripped.gz OEIS file
+
+        - ``names_file`` -- string; the name of the names.gz OEIS file, or
+          None if the user does not want it installed
+
+        - ``overwrite`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if the encyclopedia is
+          already installed and ``overwrite=True``, install 'filename' over the
+          old encyclopedia
+        """
+        if not overwrite and os.path.exists(self.__file__):
+            raise OSError("Sloane encyclopedia is already installed")
+
+        copy_gz_file(stripped_file, self.__file__)
+
+        if names_file is not None:
+            copy_gz_file(names_file, self.__file_names__)
+        else:
+            # Delete old copies of names.gz since their sequence numbers
+            # probably will not match the newly installed stripped.gz
+            if os.path.exists(self.__file_names__):
+                os.remove(self.__file_names__)
+
+        # Remove the old database from memory so the new one will be
+        # automatically loaded next time the user tries to access it
+        self.unload()
+
+    def load(self):
+        """
+        Load the entire encyclopedia into memory from a file. This is done
+        automatically if the user tries to perform a lookup or a search.
+        """
+        if self.__loaded__:
+            return
+        try:
+            file_seq = bz2.BZ2File(self.__file__, 'r')
+        except OSError:
+            raise OSError("The Sloane Encyclopedia database must be installed."
+                          " Use e.g. 'SloaneEncyclopedia.install()' to download and install it.")
+
+        self.__data__ = {}
+
+        tm = verbose("Loading Sloane encyclopedia from disk")
+        entry = re.compile(r'A(?P<num>\d{6}) ,(?P<body>.*),$')
+        for L in file_seq:
+            if len(L) == 0:
+                continue
+            m = entry.search(L.decode('utf-8'))
+            if m:
+                seqnum = int(m.group('num'))
+                msg = m.group('body').strip()
+                self.__data__[seqnum] = [seqnum, None, ',' + msg + ',', None]
+        file_seq.close()
+
+        try:
+            file_names = bz2.BZ2File(self.__file_names__, 'r')
+            entry = re.compile(r'A(?P<num>\d{6}) (?P<body>.*)$')
+            for L in file_names:
+                if not L:
+                    continue
+                m = entry.search(L.decode('utf-8'))
+                if m:
+                    seqnum = int(m.group('num'))
+                    if seqnum in self.__data__:
+                        self.__data__[seqnum][3] = m.group('body').strip()
+                    else:
+                        self.__data__[seqnum] = [seqnum, None, 'unknown', m.group('body').strip()]
+            file_names.close()
+            self.__loaded_names__ = True
+        except KeyError:
+            # Some sequence in the names file is not in the database
+            raise KeyError("Sloane OEIS sequence and name files do not match."
+                           " Try reinstalling, e.g. SloaneEncyclopedia.install(overwrite=True).")
+        except OSError:
+            # The names database is not installed
+            self.__loaded_names__ = False
+
+        verbose("Finished loading", tm)
+        self.__loaded__ = True
+
+    def sequence_name(self, N):
+        """
+        Return the name of sequence ``N`` in the encyclopedia.
+
+        If sequence ``N`` does not exist, return ``''``.  If the names
+        database is not installed, raise an :exc:`IOError`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``N`` -- integer
+
+        OUTPUT: string
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: SloaneEncyclopedia.sequence_name(1) # optional - sloane_database
+            'Number of groups of order n.'
+        """
+        self.load()
+        if not self.__loaded_names__:
+            raise OSError("The Sloane OEIS names file is not installed."
+                          " Try reinstalling, e.g. SloaneEncyclopedia.install(overwrite=True).")
+
+        if N not in self.__data__:  # sequence N does not exist
+            return ''
+        return self.__data__[N][3]
+
+    def unload(self):
+        """
+        Remove the database from memory.
+        """
+        if not self.__loaded__:
+            return
+        del self.__data__
+        self.__loaded__ = False
+        self.__loaded_names__ = False
+
+
+SloaneEncyclopedia = SloaneEncyclopediaClass()
+
+
+def copy_gz_file(gz_source, bz_destination):
+    """
+    Decompress a gzipped file and install the bzipped version.
+
+    This is used by SloaneEncyclopedia.install_from_gz to install
+    several gzipped OEIS database files.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``gz_source`` -- string; the name of the gzipped file
+
+    - ``bz_destination`` -- string; the name of the newly compressed file
+    """
+    import gzip
+
+    # Read the gzipped input
+    try:
+        gz_input = gzip.open(gz_source, 'r')
+        db_text = gz_input.read()
+        gz_input.close()
+    except OSError as msg:
+        raise OSError("Error reading gzipped input file:\n%s" % msg)
+
+    # Write the bzipped output
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(bz_destination), exist_ok=True)
+        bz2_output = bz2.BZ2File(bz_destination, 'w')
+        bz2_output.write(db_text)
+        bz2_output.close()
+    except OSError as msg:
+        raise OSError("Error writing bzipped output file:\n%s" % msg)

sage/dynamics/all__sagemath_combinat.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+
+from sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.all import *
+
+# Discrete dynamical systems
+lazy_import('sage.dynamics.finite_dynamical_system',
+            ['DiscreteDynamicalSystem'])
+
+lazy_import('sage.dynamics', 'finite_dynamical_system_catalog',
+            'finite_dynamical_systems')
+
+del lazy_import

sage/dynamics/cellular_automata/all.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+import sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.catalog as cellular_automata
+
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+lazy_import("sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.solitons",
+            ["SolitonCellularAutomata", "PeriodicSolitonCellularAutomata"])
+del lazy_import

sage/dynamics/cellular_automata/catalog.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+r"""
+Catalog of Cellular Automata
+
+The ``cellular_automata`` object may be used to access examples of various
+cellular automata currently implemented in Sage. Using tab-completion on
+this object is an easy way to discover and quickly create the cellular
+automata that are available (as listed here).
+
+Let ``<tab>`` indicate pressing the :kbd:`Tab` key.  So begin by typing
+``cellular_automata.<tab>`` to the see the currently implemented
+named cellular automata.
+
+- :class:`cellular_automata.Elementary
+  <sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.elementary.ElementaryCellularAutomata>`
+- :class:`cellular_automata.GraftalLace
+  <sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.glca.GraftalLaceCellularAutomata>`
+- :class:`cellular_automata.PeriodicSoliton
+  <sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.solitons.PeriodicSolitonCellularAutomata>`
+- :class:`cellular_automata.Soliton
+  <sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.solitons.SolitonCellularAutomata>`
+"""
+
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+lazy_import('sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.elementary',
+            'ElementaryCellularAutomata', 'Elementary',)
+lazy_import('sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.glca',
+            'GraftalLaceCellularAutomata', 'GraftalLace',)
+lazy_import('sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.solitons',
+            'SolitonCellularAutomata', 'Soliton')
+lazy_import('sage.dynamics.cellular_automata.solitons',
+            'PeriodicSolitonCellularAutomata', 'PeriodicSoliton')
+
+del lazy_import # We remove the object from here so it doesn't appear under tab completion