passagemath-combinat 10.6.42__cp314-cp314t-win_amd64.whl

sage/combinat/path_tableaux/semistandard.py

@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+r"""
+Semistandard tableaux
+
+This is an implementation of the abstract base class
+:class:`sage.combinat.path_tableaux.path_tableau.PathTableau`.
+
+This implementation is for semistandard tableaux, represented as a chain of partitions
+(essentially, the Gelfand-Tsetlin pattern).
+This generalises the jeu de taquin operations of rectification, promotion, evacuation from
+standard tableaux to semistandard tableaux. The local rule is the Bender-Knuth involution.
+
+EXAMPLES::
+
+    sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2], [3,3,1],
+    ....:                                             [3,3,2,1], [4,3,3,1,0]])
+    sage: pt.promotion()
+    [(), (2,), (3, 1), (3, 2, 1), (4, 3, 1, 0), (4, 3, 3, 1, 0)]
+    sage: pt.evacuation()
+    [(), (2,), (4, 0), (4, 2, 0), (4, 3, 1, 0), (4, 3, 3, 1, 0)]
+
+    sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2], [3,3,1],
+    ....:                                             [3,3,2,1], [9/2,3,3,1,0]])
+    sage: pt.promotion()
+    [(), (2,), (3, 1), (3, 2, 1), (9/2, 3, 1, 0), (9/2, 3, 3, 1, 0)]
+    sage: pt.evacuation()
+    [(), (5/2,), (9/2, 0), (9/2, 2, 0), (9/2, 3, 1, 0), (9/2, 3, 3, 1, 0)]
+
+    sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [4,2], [5,4,1]])
+    sage: path_tableaux.CylindricalDiagram(pt)
+    [       (),      (3,),    (4, 2), (5, 4, 1)]
+    [         ,        (),      (3,),    (5, 2), (5, 4, 1)]
+    [         ,          ,        (),      (4,),    (4, 3), (5, 4, 1)]
+    [         ,          ,          ,        (),      (3,),    (5, 1), (5, 4, 1)]
+
+    sage: pt2 = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[3,2], [3,3,1],
+    ....:                                              [3,3,2,1], [4,3,3,1,0]])
+    sage: pt1 = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2]])
+    sage: pt1.commutor(pt2)
+    ([(), (2,), (2, 2), (4, 2, 0)], [(4, 2, 0), (4, 3, 2, 0), (4, 3, 3, 1, 0)])
+    sage: pt1.commutor(pt2,verbose=True)
+    [(3, 2), (3, 3, 1), (3, 3, 2, 1), (4, 3, 3, 1, 0)]
+    [(3,), (3, 2), (3, 2, 2), (4, 3, 2, 0)]
+    [(), (2,), (2, 2), (4, 2, 0)]
+    ([(), (2,), (2, 2), (4, 2, 0)], [(4, 2, 0), (4, 3, 2, 0), (4, 3, 3, 1, 0)])
+
+    sage: st = SkewTableau([[None, None, None, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7], [None, 2, 4, 6, 7, 7, 7],
+    ....:                   [None, 4, 5, 8, 8, 9], [None, 6, 7, 10], [None, 8, 8, 11],
+    ....:                   [None], [4]])
+    sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(st)
+    sage: bk = [SkewTableau(st.bender_knuth_involution(i+1)) for i in range(10)]
+    sage: lr = [pt.local_rule(i+1) for i in range(10)]
+    sage: [r.to_tableau() for r in lr] == bk
+    True
+
+TESTS::
+
+    sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2], [3,3,1], [3,3,2,1], [4,3,3,1,0]])
+    sage: TestSuite(pt).run()
+
+    sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2], [3,3,1], [7/2,3,2,1], [4,3,3,1,0]])
+    sage: TestSuite(pt).run()
+    Failure in _test_jdt_promotion:
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    The following tests failed: _test_jdt_promotion
+
+    sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[3,2], [3,3,1], [3,3,2,1], [4,3,3,1,0]])
+    sage: pt.promotion()
+    [(3, 2), (3, 2, 2), (4, 3, 2, 0), (4, 3, 3, 1, 0)]
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Bruce Westbury (2020): initial version
+"""
+
+#*****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2020 Bruce Westbury <bruce.westbury@gmail.com>,
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.combinat.path_tableaux.path_tableau import PathTableau, PathTableaux
+from sage.combinat.combinatorial_map import combinatorial_map
+from sage.combinat.skew_tableau import SkewTableau, SkewTableaux
+from sage.combinat.tableau import Tableau
+from sage.combinat.gelfand_tsetlin_patterns import GelfandTsetlinPattern
+from sage.combinat.partition import _Partitions
+from sage.rings.semirings.non_negative_integer_semiring import NN
+
+###############################################################################
+
+
+class SemistandardPathTableau(PathTableau):
+    r"""
+    An instance is a sequence of lists. Usually the entries will be nonnegative integers
+    in which case this is the chain of partitions of a (skew) semistandard tableau.
+    In general the entries are elements of an ordered abelian group; each list is weakly
+    decreasing and successive lists are interleaved.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    Can be any of the following
+
+    * a sequence of partitions
+    * a sequence of lists/tuples
+    * a semistandard tableau
+    * a semistandard skew tableau
+    * a Gelfand-Tsetlin pattern
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [2], [2,1]])
+        [(), (2,), (2, 1)]
+
+        sage: gt = GelfandTsetlinPattern([[2,1], [2]])
+        sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(gt)
+        [(), (2,), (2, 1)]
+
+        sage: st = SemistandardTableau([[1,1], [2]])
+        sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(st)
+        [(), (2,), (2, 1)]
+
+        sage: st = SkewTableau([[1,1], [2]])
+        sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(st)
+        [(), (2,), (2, 1)]
+
+        sage: st = SkewTableau([[None,1,1], [2]])
+        sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(st)
+        [(1,), (3, 0), (3, 1, 0)]
+
+        sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [5/2], [7/2,2]])
+        [(), (5/2,), (7/2, 2)]
+
+        sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [2.5], [3.5,2]])
+        [(), (2.5...,), (3.5..., 2)]
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def __classcall_private__(cls, st, check=True):
+        r"""
+        Ensure that a tableau is only ever constructed as an
+        ``element_class`` call of an appropriate parent.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: t = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [2]])
+            sage: t.parent()
+            <sage.combinat.path_tableaux.semistandard.SemistandardPathTableaux_with_category object at ...>
+        """
+        return SemistandardPathTableaux()(st, check=check)
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, st, check=True):
+        r"""
+        Initialize a semistandard tableau.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([(), 3, (3, 2)])
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: [(), 3, (3, 2)] is not a sequence of lists
+        """
+        w = None
+
+        if isinstance(st, SemistandardPathTableau):
+            w = list(st)
+
+        elif isinstance(st, GelfandTsetlinPattern):
+            w = list(st)
+            w.reverse()
+            w = [(), *w]
+
+        elif isinstance(st, (Tableau,SkewTableau)):
+            w = st.to_chain()
+
+        elif isinstance(st, (list,tuple)):
+            if any(not isinstance(a,(list,tuple)) for a in st):
+                raise ValueError(f"{st} is not a sequence of lists")
+            w = st
+
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid input {st} is of type {type(st)}")
+
+        # Pad with zeroes, if necessary
+        m = max(len(a)-i for i,a in enumerate(w))
+        w = [list(a)+[0]*(m+i-len(a)) for i,a in enumerate(w)]
+        # Convert to immutable
+        w = tuple([tuple(a) for a in w])
+
+        PathTableau.__init__(self, parent, w, check=check)
+
+    def check(self):
+        """
+        Check that ``self`` is a valid path.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [2,2]])       # indirect doctest
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: [(), (3,), (2, 2)] does not satisfy
+            the required inequalities in row 1
+
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3/2], [2,5/2]])   # indirect doctest
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: [(), (3/2,), (2, 5/2)] does not satisfy
+            the required inequalities in row 1
+
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [2], [1,2]])
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: [(), (2,), (1, 2)] does not satisfy the required inequalities in row 1
+
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [2], [1,2]], check=False)
+            [(), (2,), (1, 2)]
+        """
+        for i in range(1,len(self)-1):
+            if not all(r >= s for r,s in zip(self[i+1],self[i])):
+                raise ValueError(f"{self} does not satisfy the required inequalities in row {i}")
+            if not all(r >= s for r,s in zip(self[i],self[i+1][1:])):
+                raise ValueError(f"{self} does not satisfy the required inequalities in row {i}")
+
+    def size(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the size or length of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2], [3,3,1], [3,3,2,1]]).size()
+            5
+        """
+        return len(self)
+
+    def is_skew(self):
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if ``self`` is skew.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [2]]).is_skew()
+            False
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[2,1]]).is_skew()
+            True
+        """
+        return bool(self[0])
+
+    def is_integral(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if all entries are nonnegative integers.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2]]).is_integral()
+            True
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [5/2], [7/2,2]]).is_integral()
+            False
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,-2]]).is_integral()
+            False
+        """
+        return all(i in NN for a in self for i in a)
+
+    def local_rule(self, i):
+        r"""
+        This is the Bender-Knuth involution.
+
+        This is implemented by toggling the entries of the `i`-th list.
+        The allowed range for ``i`` is ``0 < i < len(self)-1`` so any row except
+        the first and last can be changed.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2],
+            ....:                                             [3,3,1], [3,3,2,1]])
+            sage: pt.local_rule(1)
+            [(), (2,), (3, 2), (3, 3, 1), (3, 3, 2, 1)]
+            sage: pt.local_rule(2)
+            [(), (3,), (3, 2), (3, 3, 1), (3, 3, 2, 1)]
+            sage: pt.local_rule(3)
+            [(), (3,), (3, 2), (3, 2, 2), (3, 3, 2, 1)]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2],
+            ....:                                             [3,3,1], [3,3,2,1]])
+            sage: pt.local_rule(0)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: 0 is not defined on [(), (3,), (3, 2), (3, 3, 1), (3, 3, 2, 1)]
+            sage: pt.local_rule(4)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: 4 is not defined on [(), (3,), (3, 2), (3, 3, 1), (3, 3, 2, 1)]
+        """
+        def toggle(i, j):
+            """
+            Return the toggle of entry 'self[i][j]'.
+            """
+
+            if j == 0:
+                left = self[i+1][0]
+            else:
+                left = min(self[i+1][j], self[i-1][j-1])
+            if j == len(self[i])-1:
+                right = self[i+1][j+1]
+            else:
+                right = max(self[i+1][j+1], self[i-1][j])
+
+            return left + right - self[i][j]
+
+        if not 0 < i < self.size()-1:
+            raise ValueError(f"{i} is not defined on {self}")
+
+        with self.clone() as result:
+            result[i] = tuple([toggle(i,k) for k in range(len(self[i]))])
+
+        return result
+
+    def rectify(self, inner=None, verbose=False):
+        """
+        Rectify ``self``.
+
+        This gives the usual rectification of a skew standard tableau and gives a
+        generalisation to skew semistandard tableaux. The usual construction uses
+        jeu de taquin but here we use the Bender-Knuth involutions.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: st = SkewTableau([[None, None, None, 4], [None, None, 1, 6],
+            ....:                   [None, None, 5], [2, 3]])
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(st).rectify()
+            [(), (1,), (1, 1), (2, 1, 0), (3, 1, 0, 0), (3, 2, 0, 0, 0), (4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0)]
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(st).rectify(verbose=True)
+            [[(3, 2, 2), (3, 3, 2, 0), (3, 3, 2, 1, 0), (3, 3, 2, 2, 0, 0),
+              (4, 3, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0), (4, 3, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0), (4, 4, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)],
+             [(3, 2), (3, 3, 0), (3, 3, 1, 0), (3, 3, 2, 0, 0), (4, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0),
+              (4, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0), (4, 4, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)],
+             [(3,), (3, 1), (3, 1, 1), (3, 2, 1, 0), (4, 2, 1, 0, 0), (4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0),
+              (4, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)],
+             [(), (1,), (1, 1), (2, 1, 0), (3, 1, 0, 0), (3, 2, 0, 0, 0), (4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0)]]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: S = SemistandardSkewTableaux([[5,3,3], [3,1]], [3,2,2])
+            sage: LHS = [path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(st.rectify()) for st in S]
+            sage: RHS = [path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(st).rectify() for st in S]
+            sage: LHS == RHS
+            True
+
+            sage: st = SkewTableau([[None, None, None, 4], [None, None, 1, 6],
+            ....:                   [None, None, 5], [2, 3]])
+            sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(st)
+            sage: SP = [path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(it)
+            ....:       for it in StandardTableaux([3,2,2])]
+            sage: len(set(pt.rectify(inner=ip) for ip in SP))
+            1
+        """
+        if not self.is_skew():
+            return self
+
+        n = len(self)
+        pp = self[0]
+        P = self.parent()
+
+        if inner is None:
+            initial = [pp[:r] for r in range(len(pp))]
+        elif _Partitions(inner[-1]) == _Partitions(pp):
+            initial = list(inner)[:-1]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"the final shape{inner[-1]} must agree with the initial shape {pp}")
+
+        r = len(initial)
+        path = P.element_class(P, initial + list(self))
+        if verbose:
+            rect = [self]
+
+        for i in range(r):
+            for j in range(n-1):
+                path = path.local_rule(r+j-i)
+            if verbose:
+                rect.append(P.element_class(P, list(path)[r-i-1:r+n-i-1]))
+
+        if verbose:
+            return rect
+        else:
+            return P.element_class(P, list(path)[:n])
+
+    @combinatorial_map(name='to semistandard tableau')
+    def to_tableau(self):
+        r"""
+        Convert ``self`` to a :class:`SemistandardTableau`.
+
+        The :class:`SemistandardSkewTableau` is not implemented so this returns a :class:`SkewTableau`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2], [3,3,1],
+            ....:                                             [3,3,2,1], [4,3,3,1,0]])
+            sage: pt.to_tableau()
+            [[1, 1, 1, 5], [2, 2, 3], [3, 4, 5], [4]]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: SST = SemistandardTableaux(shape=[5,5,3], eval=[2,2,3,4,2])
+            sage: all(st == path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(st).to_tableau()      # needs sage.modules
+            ....:     for st in SST)
+            True
+        """
+        from sage.combinat.tableau import from_chain
+
+        if not self.is_integral():
+            raise ValueError(f"{self} must have all entries nonnegative integers")
+
+        lt = [[i for i in a if i > 0] for a in self]
+        if self.is_skew():
+            return SkewTableaux().from_chain(lt)
+        else:
+            return from_chain(lt)
+
+    @combinatorial_map(name='to Gelfand-Tsetlin pattern')
+    def to_pattern(self):
+        r"""
+        Convert ``self`` to a Gelfand-Tsetlin pattern.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[], [3], [3,2], [3,3,1],
+            ....:                                             [3,3,2,1], [4,3,3,1]])
+            sage: pt.to_pattern()
+            [[4, 3, 3, 1, 0], [3, 3, 2, 1], [3, 3, 1], [3, 2], [3]]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([[3,2], [3,3,1], [3,3,2,1], [4,3,3,1]])
+            sage: pt.to_pattern()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: [(3, 2), (3, 3, 1), (3, 3, 2, 1), (4, 3, 3, 1, 0)] cannot be a skew tableau
+
+            sage: GT = GelfandTsetlinPatterns(top_row=[5,5,3])
+            sage: all(gt == path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(gt).to_pattern() for gt in GT)
+            True
+
+            sage: GT = GelfandTsetlinPatterns(top_row=[5,5,3])
+            sage: all(gt.to_tableau() == path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau(gt).to_tableau() for gt in GT)
+            True
+        """
+        if self.is_skew():
+            raise ValueError(f"{self} cannot be a skew tableau")
+
+        lt = list(self)
+        lt.reverse()
+        if not lt[-1]:
+            lt.pop()
+
+        return GelfandTsetlinPattern([list(a) for a in lt])
+
+    def _test_jdt_promotion(self, **options):
+        """
+        Check that promotion agrees with :meth:`Tableau.promotion_inverse`
+        constructed using jeu de taquin.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([(), (1,), (2,1), (4,2),
+            ....:                                             (4,3,1), (4,3,3)])
+            sage: pt._test_jdt_promotion()
+
+            sage: pt = path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableau([(), (1,), (2,1), (4,2),
+            ....:                                             (4,3,1), (9/2,3,3)])
+            sage: pt._test_jdt_promotion()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: [(), (1,), (2, 1), (4, 2, 0), (4, 3, 1, 0), (9/2, 3, 3, 0, 0)]
+            must have all entries nonnegative integers
+        """
+        if not self.is_integral():
+            raise ValueError(f"{self} must have all entries nonnegative integers")
+
+        tester = self._tester(**options)
+        LHS = self.promotion().to_tableau()
+        RHS = self.to_tableau().promotion_inverse(len(self)-2)
+        tester.assertEqual(LHS,RHS)
+
+
+class SemistandardPathTableaux(PathTableaux):
+    """
+    The parent class for :class:`SemistandardPathTableau`.
+    """
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        """
+        Return an element of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: path_tableaux.SemistandardPathTableaux()._an_element_()
+            [(), (2,), (2, 1)]
+        """
+        return SemistandardPathTableau([[], [2], [2,1]])
+
+    Element = SemistandardPathTableau