passagemath-combinat 10.6.42__cp314-cp314t-win_amd64.whl

sage/combinat/t_sequences.py

@@ -0,0 +1,877 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+r"""
+T-sequences
+
+T-sequences are tuples of four (-1, 0, 1) sequences of length `t` where
+for every `i` exactly one sequence has a nonzero entry at index `i`
+and for which the nonperiodic autocorrelation function is equal to zero
+(i.e. they are complementary). See Definition 7.5 of [Seb2017]_.
+
+These can be constructed from Turyn sequences. In particular,
+if Turyn sequences of length `l` exists, there will be T-sequences
+of length `4l-1` and `2l-1`.
+
+Turyn sequences are tuples of four (-1, +1) sequences `X, U, Y, V` of length
+`l`, `l`, `l-1`, `l-1` with nonperiodic autocorrelation equal to zero and
+the additional constraints that:
+
+* the first element of `X` is 1
+* the last element of `X` is -1
+* the last element of `U` is 1
+
+The nonperiodic autocorrelation of a family of sequences
+`X=\{A_1, A_2, ..., A_n\}` is defined as (see Definition 7.2 of [Seb2017]_):
+
+.. MATH::
+
+    N_X(j) = \sum_{i=1}^{n-j}(a_{1,i}a_{1,i+j} + a_{2,i}a_{2,i+j} + ... + a_{n,i}a_{n,i+j})
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Matteo Cati (2022-11-16): initial version
+"""
+
+# ***************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2022 Matteo Cati matteo.cati@keble.ox.ac.uk
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.structure.sequence import Sequence
+
+
+def _nonperiodic_autocorrelation(sequences, j):
+    r"""
+    Compute the nonperiodic autocorrelation of a family of sequences.
+
+    Namely, given a family of sequences `X` it computes:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        N_X(j) = \sum_{i=1}^{n-j}(a_{1,i}a_{1,i+j} + a_{2,i}a_{2,i+j} + ... + a_{n,i}a_{n,i+j})
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``sequences`` -- either a single sequence or a list of sequences for
+      which we want to compute the nonperiodic autocorrelation
+
+    - ``j`` -- integer; the parameter `j` used when calculating the nonperiodic
+      autocorrelation
+    """
+    if not isinstance(sequences[0], list):
+        sequences = [sequences]
+
+    t = len(sequences[0])
+    result = 0
+    for i in range(t - j):
+        for seq in sequences:
+            result += seq[i] * seq[i + j]
+    return result
+
+
+def is_skew(seq, verbose=False):
+    r"""
+    Check if the given sequence is skew.
+
+    A sequence `X=\{x_1, x_2, ...,x_n\}` is defined skew (according to Definition
+    7.4 of [Seb2017]_) if `n` is even and `x_i = -x_{n-i+1}`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``seq`` -- the sequence that should be checked
+
+    - ``verbose`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True`` the function
+      will be verbose when the sequences do not satisfy the constraints
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import is_skew
+        sage: is_skew([1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1])
+        True
+        sage: is_skew([1, -1, -1, -1], verbose=True)
+        Constraint not satisfied at index 1
+        False
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: is_skew([1, -1, -1])
+        False
+        sage: is_skew([1, -1, -1, 1, -1], verbose=True)
+        Sequence should be of even length
+        False
+    """
+    n = len(seq)
+
+    if n % 2:
+        if verbose:
+            print('Sequence should be of even length')
+        return False
+
+    for i in range(n):
+        if seq[i] != -seq[n-i-1]:
+            if verbose:
+                print(f'Constraint not satisfied at index {i}')
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_symmetric(seq, verbose=False) -> bool:
+    r"""
+    Check if the given sequence is symmetric.
+
+    A sequence `X=\{x_1, x_2, ...,x_n\}` is defined symmetric (according to Definition
+    7.4 of [Seb2017]_) if `n` is odd and `x_i = x_{n-i+1}`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``seq`` -- the sequence that should be checked
+
+    - ``verbose`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True`` the function will be
+      verbose when the sequences do not satisfy the constraints
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import is_symmetric
+        sage: is_symmetric([1, -1, 1, -1, 1])
+        True
+        sage: is_symmetric([1, -1, 1, 1, 1], verbose=True)
+        Constraint not satisfied at index 1
+        False
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: is_symmetric([1, -1, -1, 1])
+        False
+        sage: is_symmetric([1, -1, -1, 1], verbose=True)
+        Sequence should be of odd length
+        False
+    """
+    n = len(seq)
+
+    if n % 2 == 0:
+        if verbose:
+            print('Sequence should be of odd length')
+        return False
+
+    for i in range(n):
+        if seq[i] != seq[n-i-1]:
+            if verbose:
+                print(f'Constraint not satisfied at index {i}')
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_T_sequences_set(sequences, verbose=False):
+    r"""
+    Check if a family of sequences is composed of T-sequences.
+
+    Given 4 (-1, 0, +1) sequences, they will be T-sequences if
+    (Definition 7.4 of [Seb2017]_):
+
+    * they have all the same length `t`
+    * for each index `i`, exactly one sequence is nonzero at `i`
+    * the nonperiodic autocorrelation is equal to `0`
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``sequences`` -- list of four sequences
+
+    - ``verbose`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True`` the function will be
+      verbose when the sequences do not satisfy the constraints
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import is_T_sequences_set
+        sage: seqs = [[1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1, -1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set(seqs)
+        True
+        sage: seqs = [[1, 1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1, -1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set(seqs, verbose=True)
+        There should be exactly a nonzero element at every index, found 2 such
+         elements at index 3
+        False
+
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: seqs = [[1, 1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1, -1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set(seqs)
+        False
+        sage: seqs = [[1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, -1, -1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set(seqs, verbose=True)
+        Nonperiodic autocorrelation should always be zero, found 2 for parameter 1
+        False
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set([[1, 0, ], [0, -1, 0], [0, 0, 1]])
+        False
+        sage: seqs = [[1, 2, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, -1, -1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set(seqs, verbose=True)
+        Elements should be in (-1, 0, +1), but 2 was found at index 1
+        False
+    """
+    if len(sequences) != 4:
+        if verbose:
+            print(f"T-Sequence should contain 4 sequences, found {len(sequences)} instead")
+        return False
+
+    t = len(sequences[0])
+
+    for i in range(t):
+        tot = 0
+        for seq in sequences:
+            if seq[i] not in [-1, 0, 1]:
+                if verbose:
+                    print(f"Elements should be in (-1, 0, +1), but {seq[i]} was found at index {i}")
+                return False
+            tot += abs(seq[i])
+        if tot != 1:
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"There should be exactly a nonzero element at every index, found {tot} such elements at index {i}")
+            return False
+
+    for j in range(1, t):
+        autocorr = _nonperiodic_autocorrelation(sequences, j)
+        if autocorr != 0:
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"Nonperiodic autocorrelation should always be zero, found {autocorr} for parameter {j}")
+            return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+def turyn_sequences_smallcases(l, existence=False):
+    r"""
+    Construction of Turyn sequences for small values of `l`.
+
+    The data is taken from [Seb2017]_ and [CRSKKY1989]_.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``l`` -- integer; the length of the Turyn sequences
+
+    - ``existence`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True``, only return
+      whether the Turyn sequences are available for the given length
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    By default, this method returns the four Turyn sequences ::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import turyn_sequences_smallcases
+        sage: turyn_sequences_smallcases(4)
+        [[1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, 1], [1, 1, 1], [1, -1, 1]]
+
+    If we pass the ``existence`` flag, the method will return a boolean ::
+
+        sage: turyn_sequences_smallcases(4, existence=True)
+        True
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: turyn_sequences_smallcases(17)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Turyn sequence of length 17 is not implemented yet.
+        sage: turyn_sequences_smallcases(17, existence=True)
+        False
+    """
+    db = {
+        2: [[1, -1], [1, 1], [1], [1]],
+        3: [[1, 1, 1], [1, 1, -1], [1, -1], [1, -1]],
+        4: [[1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, 1], [1, 1, 1], [1, -1, 1]],
+        5: [[1, 1, -1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1], [1, -1, 1, -1]],
+        6: [[1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1], [1, 1, -1, 1, 1], [1, 1, -1, 1, 1]],
+        7: [[1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1], [1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1]],
+        8: [[1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1], [1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1], [1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1]],
+        13: [[1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1],
+             [1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1]],
+        15: [[1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1],
+             [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1]],
+    }
+
+    if existence:
+        return l in db
+
+    if l not in db:
+        raise ValueError(f"Turyn sequence of length {l} is not implemented yet.")
+
+    return list(map(Sequence, db[l]))
+
+
+def T_sequences_construction_from_base_sequences(base_sequences, check=True):
+    r"""
+    Construct T-sequences of length `2n+p` from base sequences of length `n+p, n+p, n, n`.
+
+    Given base sequences `A, B, C, D`, the T-sequences are constructed as described in
+    [KTR2005]_:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \begin{aligned}
+        T_1 &= \frac{1}{2}(A+B); 0_{n} \\
+        T_2 &= \frac{1}{2}(A-B); 0_{n} \\
+        T_3 &= 0_{n+p} + \frac{1}{2}(C+D) \\
+        T_4 &= 0_{n+p} + \frac{1}{2}(C-D)
+        \end{aligned}
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``base_sequences`` -- the base sequences that should be used to construct
+      the T-sequences
+
+    - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); check that the sequences
+      created are T-sequences before returning them
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import turyn_sequences_smallcases, T_sequences_construction_from_base_sequences
+        sage: seqs = turyn_sequences_smallcases(4)
+        sage: T_sequences_construction_from_base_sequences(seqs)
+        [[1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
+        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]]
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import base_sequences_construction, is_T_sequences_set
+        sage: seqs = turyn_sequences_smallcases(4)
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set(T_sequences_construction_from_base_sequences(seqs))
+        True
+        sage: T_sequences_construction_from_base_sequences([[1, -1], [-1, 1], [1]])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        AssertionError
+        sage: X = [1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1]
+        sage: Y = [1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1]
+        sage: Z = [1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1,-1]
+        sage: W = [1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1]
+        sage: base_seqs = base_sequences_construction([X, Y, Z, W])
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set(T_sequences_construction_from_base_sequences(base_seqs))
+        True
+    """
+
+    assert len(base_sequences) == 4
+
+    A, B, C, D = base_sequences
+    n = len(C)
+    p = len(A)-n
+
+    assert len(A) == len(B) == len(C)+p == len(D)+p
+
+    def seq_sum(seq1, seq2):
+        return [(a+b)//2 for (a, b) in zip(seq1, seq2)]
+
+    def seq_subtract(seq1, seq2):
+        return [(a-b)//2 for (a, b) in zip(seq1, seq2)]
+
+    def zero_seq(n):
+        return [0 for _ in range(n)]
+
+    X1 = Sequence(seq_sum(A, B) + zero_seq(n))
+    X2 = Sequence(seq_subtract(A, B) + zero_seq(n))
+    X3 = Sequence(zero_seq(n+p) + seq_sum(C, D))
+    X4 = Sequence(zero_seq(n+p) + seq_subtract(C, D))
+
+    res = [X1, X2, X3, X4]
+    if check:
+        assert is_T_sequences_set(res)
+    return res
+
+
+def T_sequences_construction_from_turyn_sequences(turyn_sequences, check=True):
+    r"""
+    Construct T-sequences of length `4l-1` from Turyn sequences of length `l`.
+
+    Given Turyn sequences `X, U, Y, V`, the T-sequences are constructed as described in
+    theorem 7.7 of [Seb2017]_:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \begin{aligned}
+        T_1 &= 1; 0_{4l-2} \\
+        T_2 &= 0; X/Y; 0_{2l-1} \\
+        T_3 &= 0_{2l}; U/0_{l-2} \\
+        T_4 &= 0_{2l} + 0_{l}/V
+        \end{aligned}
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``turyn_sequences`` -- the Turyn sequences that should be used to
+      construct the T-sequences
+
+    - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); check that the sequences
+      created are T-sequences before returning them
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import turyn_sequences_smallcases, T_sequences_construction_from_turyn_sequences, is_T_sequences_set
+        sage: seqs = turyn_sequences_smallcases(4)
+        sage: T_sequences_construction_from_turyn_sequences(seqs)
+        [[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1],
+        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0]]
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: seqs = turyn_sequences_smallcases(4)
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set(T_sequences_construction_from_turyn_sequences(seqs))
+        True
+        sage: T_sequences_construction_from_turyn_sequences([[1, -1], [-1, 1], [1]])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        AssertionError
+    """
+
+    assert len(turyn_sequences) == 4
+
+    X, U, Y, V = turyn_sequences
+    l = len(X)
+
+    assert len(X) == len(U) == len(Y)+1 == len(V)+1
+
+    def zero_seq(n):
+        return [0 for _ in range(n)]
+
+    def interleave(seq1, seq2):
+        res = []
+        for i in range(len(seq1) + len(seq2)):
+            if i % 2 == 0:
+                res.append(seq1[i//2])
+            else:
+                res.append(seq2[i//2])
+        return res
+
+    X1 = Sequence([1] + zero_seq(4*l-2))
+    X2 = Sequence([0] + interleave(X, Y) + zero_seq(2*l-1))
+    X3 = Sequence(zero_seq(2*l) + interleave(U, zero_seq(l-1)))
+    X4 = Sequence(zero_seq(2*l) + interleave(zero_seq(l), V))
+
+    res = [X1, X2, X3, X4]
+    if check:
+        assert is_T_sequences_set(res)
+    return res
+
+
+def T_sequences_smallcases(t, existence=False, check=True):
+    r"""
+    Construct T-sequences for some small values of `t`.
+
+    This method will try to use the constructions defined in
+    :func:`T_sequences_construction_from_base_sequences` and
+    :func:`T_sequences_construction_from_turyn_sequences`
+    together with the Turyn sequences stored in :func:`turyn_sequences_smallcases`,
+    or base sequences created by :func:`base_sequences_smallcases`.
+
+    This function contains also some T-sequences taken directly from [CRSKKY1989]_.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``t`` -- integer; the length of the T-sequences to construct
+
+    - ``existence`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True``, this method
+      only returns whether a T-sequences of the given size can be constructed
+
+    - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); check that the sequences are
+      T-sequences before returning them
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    By default, this method returns the four T-sequences ::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import T_sequences_smallcases, is_T_sequences_set
+        sage: T_sequences_smallcases(9)
+        [[1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, -1],
+        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -1, 0]]
+
+    If the existence flag is passed, the method returns a boolean ::
+
+        sage: T_sequences_smallcases(9, existence=True)
+        True
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: T_sequences_smallcases(66)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: T Sequences of length 66 not yet implemented.
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set(T_sequences_smallcases(47))
+        True
+        sage: is_T_sequences_set(T_sequences_smallcases(11))
+        True
+        sage: T_sequences_smallcases(69, existence=True)
+        False
+    """
+    db = {
+        47: [
+            [1,-1,-1,0,0,-1,1,-1]+[0]*8+[1,-1,-1,0,0,-1,-1]+[0]*24,
+            [0,0,0,-1,1,0,0,0,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,-1,0,0,1]+[0]*23,
+            [0]*26+[-1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,-1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,-1,0,0],
+            [0]*24 + [1,1,0,-1,0,-1,1,1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,-1,1,-1,-1,0,-1,0,-1,1]
+        ],
+        65: [
+            [0]*33+[1,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,1],
+            [0]*32+[1]+[0]*32,
+            [1]*5+[-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1,1]+[-1]*7+[1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1,-1]+[0]*33,
+            [0]*65
+        ],
+        93: [
+            [0,-1,0,0,-1,1,0,-1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,-1,0,-1,1,1,1,-1,0,1,0,0,1]+[0]*33+[1,1,0,0,1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,1,0,1]+[0]*15,
+            [-1,0,-1,1,0,0,1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,-1,0,0,0,-1,1,0,1]+[0]*5+[-1,0,1,1]+[0]*32+[1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,-1,0,1,-1,0,0,-1]+[0]*16,
+            [0]*32+[1,0,0,1,-1,0,1,-1,0,-1,-1,0,0,-1,-1,1,0,0,-1,0,-1,1,1,1,-1,0,1,0,0,1]+[0]*17+[1,1,0,-1]+[0]*5+[1,0,1,-1,0],
+            [0]*31+[1,0,1,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,-1,1,0,1]+[0]*5+[-1,0,1,1]+[0]*17+[-1,0,0,-1,0,1,-1,-1,-1,1,0,1,0,0,-1]
+        ]
+    }
+
+    if t in db:
+        if existence:
+            return True
+        sequences = list(map(Sequence, db[t]))
+        if check:
+            assert is_T_sequences_set(sequences)
+        return sequences
+    if (t+1) % 2 == 0 and turyn_sequences_smallcases((t+1)//2, existence=True):
+        if existence:
+            return True
+        turyn_seqs = turyn_sequences_smallcases((t+1)//2)
+        return T_sequences_construction_from_base_sequences(turyn_seqs, check=check)
+
+    if (t+1) % 4 == 0 and turyn_sequences_smallcases((t+1)//4, existence=True):
+        if existence:
+            return True
+        turyn_seqs = turyn_sequences_smallcases((t+1)//4)
+        return T_sequences_construction_from_turyn_sequences(turyn_seqs, check=check)
+
+    for p in range(1, t):
+        n = (t-p)//2
+        if (t-p) % 2 == 0 and base_sequences_smallcases(n, p, existence=True):
+            if existence:
+                return True
+            base_seqs = base_sequences_smallcases(n, p, check=False)
+            return T_sequences_construction_from_base_sequences(base_seqs, check=check)
+
+    if existence:
+        return False
+    raise ValueError(f'T Sequences of length {t} not yet implemented.')
+
+
+def base_sequences_construction(turyn_type_seqs, check=True):
+    r"""
+    Construct base sequences of length `2n-1, 2n-1, n, n` from Turyn type
+    sequences of length `n,n,n,n-1`.
+
+    Given Turyn type sequences `X, Y, Z, W` of length `n,n,n,n-1`, Theorem 1 of
+    [KTR2005]_  shows that the following are base sequences of length
+    `2n-1, 2n-1, n, n`:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \begin{aligned}
+        A &= Z;W \\
+        B &= Z; -W \\
+        C &= X \\
+        D &= Y
+        \end{aligned}
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``turyn_type_seqs`` -- the list of 4 Turyn type sequences that should be
+      used to construct the base sequences
+
+    - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); check that the resulting
+      sequences are base sequences before returning them
+
+    OUTPUT: list containing the four base sequences
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import base_sequences_construction
+        sage: X = [1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1]
+        sage: Y = [1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1]
+        sage: Z = [1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1,-1]
+        sage: W = [1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1]
+        sage: base_sequences_construction([X, Y, Z, W])
+        [[1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1],
+        [1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1],
+        [1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1],
+        [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1]]
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: base_sequences_construction([[1, -1], [1], [1], [-1]])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        AssertionError
+
+    .. SEEALSO::
+
+        :func:`is_base_sequences_tuple`
+    """
+    assert len(turyn_type_seqs) == 4
+    X, Y, Z, W = turyn_type_seqs
+
+    assert len(X) == len(Y) == len(Z) == len(W)+1
+
+    A = Sequence(Z + W)
+    B = Sequence(Z + [-el for el in W])
+    C = X
+    D = Y
+
+    if check:
+        assert is_base_sequences_tuple([A, B, C, D])
+    return [A, B, C, D]
+
+
+def is_base_sequences_tuple(base_sequences, verbose=False):
+    r"""Check if the given sequences are base sequences.
+
+    Four (-1, +1) sequences `A, B, C, D` of length `n+p, n+p, n, n` are called
+    base sequences if for all `j \ge 1`:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        N_A(j)+N_B(j)+N_C(j)+N_D(j) = 0
+
+    where `N_X(j)` is the nonperiodic autocorrelation (See definition in [KTR2005]_).
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``base_sequences`` -- the list of 4 sequences that should be checked
+
+    - ``verbose`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True`` the function
+      will be verbose when the sequences do not satisfy the constraints
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import is_base_sequences_tuple
+        sage: seqs = [[1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1],[1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1],[1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1],[1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1]]
+        sage: is_base_sequences_tuple(seqs)
+        True
+
+    If verbose is true, the function will be verbose ::
+
+        sage: seqs = [[1, -1], [1, 1], [-1], [2]]
+        sage: is_base_sequences_tuple(seqs, verbose=True)
+        Base sequences should only contain -1, +1, found 2
+        False
+
+    TESTS:
+
+        sage: seqs = [[1, -1], [1], [-1]]
+        sage: is_base_sequences_tuple(seqs)
+        False
+        sage: seqs = [[1, -1], [1, -1], [-1], [1]]
+        sage: is_base_sequences_tuple(seqs)
+        False
+        sage: seqs = [[1, -1], [1, 1], [-1], [2]]
+        sage: is_base_sequences_tuple(seqs)
+        False
+        sage: seqs = [[1, -1], [1], [-1], [1]]
+        sage: is_base_sequences_tuple(seqs)
+        False
+
+    .. SEEALSO::
+
+        :func:`base_sequences_construction`
+    """
+    if len(base_sequences) != 4:
+        if verbose:
+            print(f'Base sequences should be 4, found {len(base_sequences)}')
+        return False
+    A, B, C, D = base_sequences
+    n = len(C)
+    p = len(A) - len(C)
+    if not (len(A) == len(B) == len(C)+p == len(D)+p):
+        if verbose:
+            print(f'Base sequences should have length n+p, n+p, n, n, found {len(A)}, {len(B)}, {len(C)}, {len(D)}')
+        return False
+
+    for seq in base_sequences:
+        for el in seq:
+            if abs(el) != 1:
+                if verbose:
+                    print(f'Base sequences should only contain -1, +1, found {el}')
+                return False
+
+    for j in range(1, n+p):
+        autocorr = _nonperiodic_autocorrelation(A, j) + _nonperiodic_autocorrelation(B, j) + _nonperiodic_autocorrelation(C, j) + _nonperiodic_autocorrelation(D, j)
+        if autocorr != 0:
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"Nonperiodic autocorrelation should always be zero, found {autocorr} for parameter {j}")
+            return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+def turyn_type_sequences_smallcases(n, existence=False):
+    r"""
+    Construction of Turyn type sequences for small values of `n`.
+
+    The data is taken from [KTR2005]_ for `n= 36`, and from [BDKR2013]_ for `n\le 32`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- integer; the length of the Turyn type sequences
+
+    - ``existence`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True``, only return
+      whether the Turyn type sequences are available for the given length
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    By default, this method returns the four Turyn type sequences ::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import turyn_type_sequences_smallcases
+        sage: turyn_type_sequences_smallcases(4)
+        [[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, -1, 1], [1, 1, -1, -1], [1, -1, 1]]
+
+    If we pass the ``existence`` flag, the method will return a boolean ::
+
+        sage: turyn_type_sequences_smallcases(4, existence=True)
+        True
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: turyn_type_sequences_smallcases(17)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Turyn type sequences of length 17 are not implemented yet.
+        sage: turyn_type_sequences_smallcases(17, existence=True)
+        False
+
+    ALGORITHM:
+
+    The Turyn type sequences are stored in hexadecimal format.
+    Given `n` hexadecimal digits `h_1, h_2,...,h_n`, it is possible to get the
+    Turyn type sequences by converting each `h_i` (`1 \le i \le n-1`) into a
+    four digits binary number. Then, the `j`-th binary digit is `0` if the `i`-th
+    number in the `j`-th sequence is `1`, and it is `1` if the number in the
+    sequence is -1.
+
+    For the `n`-th digit, it should be converted to a 3 digits binary number, and
+    then the same mapping as before can be used (see also [BDKR2013]_).
+    """
+    def convertLists(hexstring):
+        seqs = [Sequence([]), Sequence([]), Sequence([]), Sequence([])]
+        for c in hexstring[:-1]:
+            binary = bin(int(c, 16))[2:].zfill(4)
+            for i in range(4):
+                if binary[i] == '0':
+                    seqs[i].append(1)
+                else:
+                    seqs[i].append(-1)
+        last = bin(int(hexstring[-1], 16))[2:].zfill(3)
+        for i in range(3):
+            if last[i] == '0':
+                seqs[i].append(1)
+            else:
+                seqs[i].append(-1)
+        return seqs
+
+    db = {
+        2: '01',
+        4: '0161',
+        6: '006d61',
+        8: '06e5c4d1',
+        10: '0001f4a961',
+        12: '0004f90bc961',
+        14: '00036ac71c7651',
+        16: '0000778e52de5561',
+        18: '00006758b30d1e9a51',
+        20: '000038e2739c7a0b6951',
+        22: '00000f702c71a9ad565961',
+        24: '00000b7c2cb2bc4b6cd9a961',
+        26: '000000ff0f846f1ca5a5aa9551',
+        28: '0000067cde3e50639ab46135aa51',
+        30: '000000f70b106f9d427a25e9a96951',
+        32: '00000138f64f1c1e77844f26d95a5961',
+        36: '060989975b685d8fc80750b21c0212eceb26',
+    }
+
+    if existence:
+        return n in db
+
+    if n not in db:
+        raise ValueError(f"Turyn type sequences of length {n} are not implemented yet.")
+
+    return convertLists(db[n])
+
+
+def base_sequences_smallcases(n, p, existence=False, check=True):
+    r"""Construct base sequences of length `n+p, n+p, n, n` from available data.
+
+    The function uses the construction :func:`base_sequences_construction`,
+    together with Turyn type sequences from :func:`turyn_type_sequences_smallcases`
+    to construct base sequences with `p = n-1`.
+
+    Furthermore, this function uses also Turyn sequences (i.e. base sequences
+    with `p=1`) from :func:`turyn_sequences_smallcases`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- integer; the length of the last two base sequences
+
+    - ``p`` -- integer; `n+p` will be the length of the first two base
+      sequences
+
+    - ``existence`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True``, the function
+      will only check whether the base sequences can be constructed
+
+    - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); check that the resulting
+      sequences are base sequences before returning them
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    If ``existence`` is ``False``, the function returns a list containing the
+    four base sequences, or raises an error if the base sequences cannot be
+    constructed. If ``existence`` is ``True``, the function returns a boolean,
+    which is ``True`` if the base sequences can be constructed and ``False``
+    otherwise.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.t_sequences import base_sequences_smallcases
+        sage: base_sequences_smallcases(8, 7)
+        [[1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1],
+        [1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1],
+        [1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1],
+        [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1]]
+
+    If ``existence`` is ``True``, the function returns a boolean ::
+
+        sage: base_sequences_smallcases(8, 7, existence=True)
+        True
+        sage: base_sequences_smallcases(7, 5, existence=True)
+        False
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: base_sequences_smallcases(7, 5)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Base sequences of order 12, 12, 7, 7 not yet implemented.
+        sage: seqs = base_sequences_smallcases(16, 15)
+        sage: len(seqs[0]) == len(seqs[1]) == 16+15
+        True
+        sage: len(seqs[2]) == len(seqs[3]) == 16
+        True
+    """
+
+    if existence:
+        return p == n-1 and turyn_type_sequences_smallcases(n, existence=True)
+
+    if p == n-1 and turyn_type_sequences_smallcases(n, existence=True):
+        if existence:
+            return True
+        turyn_type_seqs = turyn_type_sequences_smallcases(n)
+        return base_sequences_construction(turyn_type_seqs, check=check)
+    if p == 1 and turyn_sequences_smallcases(n + p, existence=True):
+        if existence:
+            return True
+        return turyn_sequences_smallcases(n + p)
+
+    raise ValueError(f'Base sequences of order {n+p}, {n+p}, {n}, {n} not yet implemented.')