@syllst/ka 0.2.0 → 0.2.2
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/dist/index-B9OHu0Ax.js +52 -0
- package/dist/index-B9OHu0Ax.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/{index-D9QQnpu5.js → index-D7wYzNIf.js} +18 -40
- package/dist/index-D7wYzNIf.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index-DCpqhby8.js +52 -0
- package/dist/index-DCpqhby8.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index-DflZY235.js +52 -0
- package/dist/index-DflZY235.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index-Dp1OEIeC.js +48 -0
- package/dist/index-Dp1OEIeC.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index-Dx8CaIyS.js +42 -0
- package/dist/index-Dx8CaIyS.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index.js +41 -11
- package/dist/index.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-CSwZqadZ.js +193 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-CSwZqadZ.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-CXuaNjfX.js +196 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-CXuaNjfX.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-CjeVy1Pm.js +148 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-CjeVy1Pm.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-Cjq5zM3G.js +169 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-Cjq5zM3G.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dln4m4gy.js +185 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dln4m4gy.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-CKmyOzkz.js +189 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-CKmyOzkz.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-CW2iIZWk.js +242 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-CW2iIZWk.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-CjWc8Ndm.js +159 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-CjWc8Ndm.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-D6EZkoTX.js +186 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-D6EZkoTX.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-DEX5_pni.js +184 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-DEX5_pni.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-Cc9VcHwa.js +310 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-Cc9VcHwa.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-D-UB6j-3.js +155 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-D-UB6j-3.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-D4MQ-BF0.js +197 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-D4MQ-BF0.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-DIsrN1SX.js +192 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-DIsrN1SX.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-i2GGdsRN.js +181 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-i2GGdsRN.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-04-D2tqk_vu.js +166 -0
- package/dist/lesson-04-D2tqk_vu.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-04-D3NM9z0Z.js +220 -0
- package/dist/lesson-04-D3NM9z0Z.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-04-DciNjG8E.js +186 -0
- package/dist/lesson-04-DciNjG8E.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-04-vbP_pH7H.js +201 -0
- package/dist/lesson-04-vbP_pH7H.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-05-DDD4BdBD.js +197 -0
- package/dist/lesson-05-DDD4BdBD.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-05-Dp2ZUMvn.js +227 -0
- package/dist/lesson-05-Dp2ZUMvn.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-05-Du04UDw8.js +175 -0
- package/dist/lesson-05-Du04UDw8.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-05-VfiWFnKX.js +192 -0
- package/dist/lesson-05-VfiWFnKX.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-06-B247Ezo8.js +161 -0
- package/dist/lesson-06-B247Ezo8.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-06-CT_T2-CF.js +201 -0
- package/dist/lesson-06-CT_T2-CF.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-06-C_aRLClN.js +224 -0
- package/dist/lesson-06-C_aRLClN.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-06-Cv5qUy34.js +208 -0
- package/dist/lesson-06-Cv5qUy34.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-07-9svk0QSq.js +215 -0
- package/dist/lesson-07-9svk0QSq.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-07-DGrnNH3e.js +223 -0
- package/dist/lesson-07-DGrnNH3e.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-07-XGTm5Tp2.js +182 -0
- package/dist/lesson-07-XGTm5Tp2.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-08-C5Oqga49.js +213 -0
- package/dist/lesson-08-C5Oqga49.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-08-CDZOUysk.js +228 -0
- package/dist/lesson-08-CDZOUysk.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-08-DiHa8O85.js +196 -0
- package/dist/lesson-08-DiHa8O85.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/shared-DADMaTE7.js +27 -0
- package/dist/shared-DADMaTE7.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js +6 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.js +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.js +10 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/package.json +36 -10
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +188 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +184 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +192 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +196 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +192 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +196 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +218 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +223 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +164 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +179 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +187 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +215 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +222 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +219 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/meta.mdx +87 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +143 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +154 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +150 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +161 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +170 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +156 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +177 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +191 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +191 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +237 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +305 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +180 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +181 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +176 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +181 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +187 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +203 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +210 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +208 -0
- package/dist/index-D9QQnpu5.js.map +0 -1
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: georgian-essentials-lesson-05
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title: "გაკვეთილი 5 — რიცხვები კონტექსტში"
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description: "Numbers in Context: Shopping, ordering, and counting in Georgian"
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order: 5
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parentId: georgian-essentials
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- numbers
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- shopping
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- practical
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 35
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prerequisites:
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- georgian-essentials-lesson-04
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-numbers-1-20
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description: "Recognize and say numbers 1 to 20 in Georgian"
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skill: word-recognition
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- id: obj-numbers-tens
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description: "Use tens and the vigesimal system"
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skill: word-production
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- id: obj-numbers-shopping
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description: "Use numbers in shopping and price contexts"
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skill: situational-response
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- id: obj-numbers-ordering
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description: "Order food and specify quantities"
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skill: word-production
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---
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# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Numbers in Context
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## Introduction
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Georgian has a fascinating number system. While it uses a base-10 system for 1–19, it switches to a **vigesimal** (base-20) system for numbers above 20. This means "40" is literally "two twenties" and "60" is "three twenties." The number system reflects ancient Georgian culture and is unique among Caucasian languages.
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## Numbers 1–10
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-numbers-1-10" title="Numbers 1 to 10"}
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::vocab-item{id="erti" word="ერთი" pronunciation="er-ti" meaning="1 — one"}
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::vocab-item{id="ori" word="ორი" pronunciation="o-ri" meaning="2 — two"}
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::vocab-item{id="sami" word="სამი" pronunciation="sa-mi" meaning="3 — three"}
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::vocab-item{id="otkhi" word="ოთხი" pronunciation="ot-khi" meaning="4 — four"}
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::vocab-item{id="khuti" word="ხუთი" pronunciation="khu-ti" meaning="5 — five"}
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::vocab-item{id="ekvsi" word="ექვსი" pronunciation="ek-vsi" meaning="6 — six"}
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::vocab-item{id="shvidi" word="შვიდი" pronunciation="shvi-di" meaning="7 — seven"}
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::vocab-item{id="rva" word="რვა" pronunciation="rva" meaning="8 — eight"}
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::vocab-item{id="tskhra" word="ცხრა" pronunciation="tskh-ra" meaning="9 — nine"}
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::vocab-item{id="ati" word="ათი" pronunciation="a-ti" meaning="10 — ten"}
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:::
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## Numbers 11–20
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| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
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|----------|---------------|---------|
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| თერთმეტი | tert-me-ti | 11 |
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| თორმეტი | tor-me-ti | 12 |
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| ცამეტი | tsa-me-ti | 13 |
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| თოთხმეტი | tot-kh-me-ti | 14 |
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| თხუთმეტი | tkut-me-ti | 15 |
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| თექვსმეტი | tek-vs-me-ti | 16 |
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| ჩვიდმეტი | chvid-me-ti | 17 |
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| თვრამეტი | tvra-me-ti | 18 |
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| ცხრამეტი | tskh-ra-me-ti | 19 |
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| ოცი | o-tsi | 20 |
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## The Vigesimal System
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Above 20, Georgian counts in twenties:
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| Georgian | Pronunciation | Structure | Meaning |
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|----------|---------------|-----------|---------|
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| ოციდა-ერთი | o-tsi-da-er-ti | 20 + 1 | 21 |
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| ოციდა-ხუთი | o-tsi-da-khu-ti | 20 + 5 | 25 |
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| ორმოცი | or-mo-tsi | 2 × 20 | 40 |
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| სამოცი | sa-mo-tsi | 3 × 20 | 60 |
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| ოთხმოცი | ot-kh-mo-tsi | 4 × 20 | 80 |
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| ასი | a-si | 100 |
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| ათასი | a-ta-si | 1000 |
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## Georgian Currency
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Georgian currency is the **ლარი** (lari). One lari = 100 **თეთრი** (tetri).
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| Georgian | Meaning |
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|----------|---------|
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| ერთი ლარი | 1 lari |
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| ხუთი ლარი | 5 lari |
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| ოცი ლარი | 20 lari |
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| ასი ლარი | 100 lari |
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## At the Market
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-shopping-phrases" title="Shopping Phrases"}
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::vocab-item{id="ra-ghirs-2" word="რა ღირს?" pronunciation="ra ghirs?" meaning="How much does it cost?"}
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::vocab-item{id="dzvirfia" word="ძვირია" pronunciation="dzvi-ri-a" meaning="It is expensive"}
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::vocab-item{id="iatakia" word="იაფია" pronunciation="ia-pi-a" meaning="It is cheap"}
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::vocab-item{id="momecit" word="მომეცით" pronunciation="mo-me-tsit" meaning="Please give me (formal)"}
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::vocab-item{id="ginda" word="გინდა?" pronunciation="gin-da?" meaning="Do you want? (informal)"}
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:::
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## Ordering Food
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At a Georgian restaurant or cafe:
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| Phrase | Pronunciation | Meaning |
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|--------|---------------|---------|
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| ერთი ყავა, გთხოვთ | er-ti qa-va, g-tkhovt | One coffee, please |
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| ორი ხინკალი | o-ri khin-ka-li | Two khinkali (dumplings) |
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| სამი ჭიქა წყალი | sa-mi chi-qa ts-qa-li | Three glasses of water |
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| ანგარიში, გთხოვთ | an-ga-ri-shi, g-tkhovt | The bill, please |
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## Sample Shopping Conversation
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**Customer**: ბოდიში, ეს რა ღირს? (Excuse me, how much does this cost?)
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**Seller**: ოცდა-ხუთი ლარი. (Twenty-five lari.)
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**Customer**: ცოტა ძვირია. (It's a little expensive.)
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**Seller**: კარგი, ოცი ლარი. (Okay, twenty lari.)
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**Customer**: კარგი, მომეცით. (Good, please give me one.)
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**Seller**: ბარაქალა! (Here you go! / Thank you!)
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## Key Points
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1. **1–10**: Learn these as the foundation
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2. **ოცი = 20**: The pivot of the vigesimal system
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3. **ორმოცი/სამოცი/ოთხმოცი**: 40/60/80 — multiples of 20
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4. **ლარი for currency**: Georgia's national currency
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5. **გთხოვთ always polite**: Add it to any order or request
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## Practice Exercises
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:::exercise{id="ka-ess-05-numbers-1-10" type="matching" title="Numbers 1 to 10" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-numbers-1-20"}
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**Question:** Match each Georgian number word to its value
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- ერთი
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- სამი
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- ხუთი
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- შვიდი
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**Explanation:** These are the odd numbers 1 through 9. Notice that Georgian numbers end in -ი (the indefinite marker) in their standalone form: ერთ-ი, სამ-ი, ხუთ-ი, შვიდ-ი. ცხრა is an exception that does not add -ი.
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**Question:** How do you say "40" in Georgian?
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**Options:**
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**Answer:** 3
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**Explanation:** Georgian uses a vigesimal (base-20) system above 20. "40" is ორმოცი — literally "two-twenty" (2 × 20). Similarly, 60 = სამოცი (3 × 20) and 80 = ოთხმოცი (4 × 20). This is a feature Georgian shares with French (quatre-vingts = 4 × 20 = 80).
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:::exercise{id="ka-ess-05-shopping" type="fill-in-blank" title="Shopping Phrases" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-numbers-shopping"}
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**Question:** Complete this shopping exchange
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1. Customer asks price: ეს ___ ___? (How much does this cost?)
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**Answer:**
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1. ეს **რა ღირს?**
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2. **თხუთმეტი ლარი**
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3. **ძვირია** (It is expensive)
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**Explanation:** რა ღირს is the standard "how much does it cost." Numbers come before ლარი (lari). ძვირია means "it is expensive" — a useful word in any market!
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:::exercise{id="ka-ess-05-ordering" type="fill-in-blank" title="Ordering Food" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-numbers-ordering"}
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**Question:** How do you order two coffees and three glasses of water in Georgian?
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**Answer:**
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ორი ყავა, გთხოვთ. (Two coffees, please.)
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სამი ჭიქა წყალი, გთხოვთ. (Three glasses of water, please.)
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**Explanation:** Number + item + გთხოვთ (please) is the standard ordering formula. ყავა is coffee, ჭიქა is glass/cup, and წყალი is water. Always add გთხოვთ to be polite.
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 6, you will learn the most common Georgian responses — yes, no, I understand, and other essential replies for everyday conversation.
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-05-Dp2ZUMvn.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-essentials-lesson-05\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 5 — რიცხვები კონტექსტში\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Numbers in Context: Shopping, ordering, and counting in Georgian\\\"\\norder: 5\\nparentId: georgian-essentials\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - numbers\\n - shopping\\n - practical\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 35\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-essentials-lesson-04\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-numbers-1-20\\n description: \\\"Recognize and say numbers 1 to 20 in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: word-recognition\\n - id: obj-numbers-tens\\n description: \\\"Use tens and the vigesimal system\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n - id: obj-numbers-shopping\\n description: \\\"Use numbers in shopping and price contexts\\\"\\n skill: situational-response\\n - id: obj-numbers-ordering\\n description: \\\"Order food and specify quantities\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Numbers in Context\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian has a fascinating number system. While it uses a base-10 system for 1–19, it switches to a **vigesimal** (base-20) system for numbers above 20. This means \\\"40\\\" is literally \\\"two twenties\\\" and \\\"60\\\" is \\\"three twenties.\\\" The number system reflects ancient Georgian culture and is unique among Caucasian languages.\\n\\n## Numbers 1–10\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-numbers-1-10\\\" title=\\\"Numbers 1 to 10\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"erti\\\" word=\\\"ერთი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"er-ti\\\" meaning=\\\"1 — one\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ori\\\" word=\\\"ორი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"o-ri\\\" meaning=\\\"2 — two\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sami\\\" word=\\\"სამი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sa-mi\\\" meaning=\\\"3 — three\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"otkhi\\\" word=\\\"ოთხი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ot-khi\\\" meaning=\\\"4 — four\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"khuti\\\" word=\\\"ხუთი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"khu-ti\\\" meaning=\\\"5 — five\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ekvsi\\\" word=\\\"ექვსი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ek-vsi\\\" meaning=\\\"6 — six\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"shvidi\\\" word=\\\"შვიდი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"shvi-di\\\" meaning=\\\"7 — seven\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"rva\\\" word=\\\"რვა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"rva\\\" meaning=\\\"8 — eight\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tskhra\\\" word=\\\"ცხრა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"tskh-ra\\\" meaning=\\\"9 — nine\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ati\\\" word=\\\"ათი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-ti\\\" meaning=\\\"10 — ten\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Numbers 11–20\\n\\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------------|---------|\\n| თერთმეტი | tert-me-ti | 11 |\\n| თორმეტი | tor-me-ti | 12 |\\n| ცამეტი | tsa-me-ti | 13 |\\n| თოთხმეტი | tot-kh-me-ti | 14 |\\n| თხუთმეტი | tkut-me-ti | 15 |\\n| თექვსმეტი | tek-vs-me-ti | 16 |\\n| ჩვიდმეტი | chvid-me-ti | 17 |\\n| თვრამეტი | tvra-me-ti | 18 |\\n| ცხრამეტი | tskh-ra-me-ti | 19 |\\n| ოცი | o-tsi | 20 |\\n\\n## The Vigesimal System\\n\\nAbove 20, Georgian counts in twenties:\\n\\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Structure | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------------|-----------|---------|\\n| ოციდა-ერთი | o-tsi-da-er-ti | 20 + 1 | 21 |\\n| ოციდა-ხუთი | o-tsi-da-khu-ti | 20 + 5 | 25 |\\n| ორმოცი | or-mo-tsi | 2 × 20 | 40 |\\n| სამოცი | sa-mo-tsi | 3 × 20 | 60 |\\n| ოთხმოცი | ot-kh-mo-tsi | 4 × 20 | 80 |\\n| ასი | a-si | 100 |\\n| ათასი | a-ta-si | 1000 |\\n\\n## Georgian Currency\\n\\nGeorgian currency is the **ლარი** (lari). One lari = 100 **თეთრი** (tetri).\\n\\n| Georgian | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------|\\n| ერთი ლარი | 1 lari |\\n| ხუთი ლარი | 5 lari |\\n| ოცი ლარი | 20 lari |\\n| ასი ლარი | 100 lari |\\n\\n## At the Market\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-shopping-phrases\\\" title=\\\"Shopping Phrases\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ra-ghirs-2\\\" word=\\\"რა ღირს?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ra ghirs?\\\" meaning=\\\"How much does it cost?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dzvirfia\\\" word=\\\"ძვირია\\\" pronunciation=\\\"dzvi-ri-a\\\" meaning=\\\"It is expensive\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"iatakia\\\" word=\\\"იაფია\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ia-pi-a\\\" meaning=\\\"It is cheap\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"momecit\\\" word=\\\"მომეცით\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mo-me-tsit\\\" meaning=\\\"Please give me (formal)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ginda\\\" word=\\\"გინდა?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"gin-da?\\\" meaning=\\\"Do you want? (informal)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Ordering Food\\n\\nAt a Georgian restaurant or cafe:\\n\\n| Phrase | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|--------|---------------|---------|\\n| ერთი ყავა, გთხოვთ | er-ti qa-va, g-tkhovt | One coffee, please |\\n| ორი ხინკალი | o-ri khin-ka-li | Two khinkali (dumplings) |\\n| სამი ჭიქა წყალი | sa-mi chi-qa ts-qa-li | Three glasses of water |\\n| ანგარიში, გთხოვთ | an-ga-ri-shi, g-tkhovt | The bill, please |\\n\\n## Sample Shopping Conversation\\n\\n**Customer**: ბოდიში, ეს რა ღირს? (Excuse me, how much does this cost?)\\n**Seller**: ოცდა-ხუთი ლარი. (Twenty-five lari.)\\n**Customer**: ცოტა ძვირია. (It's a little expensive.)\\n**Seller**: კარგი, ოცი ლარი. (Okay, twenty lari.)\\n**Customer**: კარგი, მომეცით. (Good, please give me one.)\\n**Seller**: ბარაქალა! (Here you go! / Thank you!)\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **1–10**: Learn these as the foundation\\n2. **ოცი = 20**: The pivot of the vigesimal system\\n3. **ორმოცი/სამოცი/ოთხმოცი**: 40/60/80 — multiples of 20\\n4. **ლარი for currency**: Georgia's national currency\\n5. **გთხოვთ always polite**: Add it to any order or request\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-05-numbers-1-10\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Numbers 1 to 10\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-numbers-1-20\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian number word to its value\\n\\n- ერთი\\n- სამი\\n- ხუთი\\n- შვიდი\\n- ცხრა\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ერთი = 1 (one)\\n- სამი = 3 (three)\\n- ხუთი = 5 (five)\\n- შვიდი = 7 (seven)\\n- ცხრა = 9 (nine)\\n\\n**Explanation:** These are the odd numbers 1 through 9. Notice that Georgian numbers end in -ი (the indefinite marker) in their standalone form: ერთ-ი, სამ-ი, ხუთ-ი, შვიდ-ი. ცხრა is an exception that does not add -ი.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-05-vigesimal\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"The Vigesimal System\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-numbers-tens\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** How do you say \\\"40\\\" in Georgian?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- ოცდაოცი\\n- ოთხი ათი\\n- ორმოცი\\n- ოთხი ოცი\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian uses a vigesimal (base-20) system above 20. \\\"40\\\" is ორმოცი — literally \\\"two-twenty\\\" (2 × 20). Similarly, 60 = სამოცი (3 × 20) and 80 = ოთხმოცი (4 × 20). This is a feature Georgian shares with French (quatre-vingts = 4 × 20 = 80).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-05-shopping\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Shopping Phrases\\\" skill=\\\"situational-response\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-numbers-shopping\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Complete this shopping exchange\\n\\n1. Customer asks price: ეს ___ ___? (How much does this cost?)\\n2. Seller answers 15 lari: ___ ___\\n3. Customer says it's expensive: ___ ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. ეს **რა ღირს?**\\n2. **თხუთმეტი ლარი**\\n3. **ძვირია** (It is expensive)\\n\\n**Explanation:** რა ღირს is the standard \\\"how much does it cost.\\\" Numbers come before ლარი (lari). ძვირია means \\\"it is expensive\\\" — a useful word in any market!\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-05-ordering\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Ordering Food\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-numbers-ordering\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** How do you order two coffees and three glasses of water in Georgian?\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\nორი ყავა, გთხოვთ. (Two coffees, please.)\\nსამი ჭიქა წყალი, გთხოვთ. (Three glasses of water, please.)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Number + item + გთხოვთ (please) is the standard ordering formula. ყავა is coffee, ჭიქა is glass/cup, and წყალი is water. Always add გთხოვთ to be polite.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 6, you will learn the most common Georgian responses — yes, no, I understand, and other essential replies for everyday conversation.\\n\""],"names":["lesson05"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
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const e = `---
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type: lesson
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id: georgian-grammar-lesson-05
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title: "გაკვეთილი 5 — აწმყო დრო (Present Tense Verbs)"
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description: "How Georgian present tense verbs work: prefixes, roots, and suffixes"
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order: 5
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parentId: georgian-grammar
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difficulty: intermediate
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cefrLevel: A2
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categories:
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- grammar
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- verbs
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 35
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prerequisites:
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- georgian-grammar-lesson-04
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-05-present-apply
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description: "Conjugate common verbs in the present tense"
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skill: pattern-application
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- id: obj-05-present-produce
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description: "Produce present tense sentences with correct subject prefixes"
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skill: word-production
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- id: obj-05-present-recognize
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description: "Recognize subject agreement prefixes on verbs"
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skill: pattern-recognition
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---
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# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Present Tense Verbs
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## Introduction
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Georgian verbs are morphologically rich — they carry information about the subject (and sometimes the object) directly within the verb form itself. You have already seen **ვ-** on first person verbs (ვარ, ვსვამ). This lesson covers the full present tense conjugation pattern and introduces you to common verbs.
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Georgian verb structure can be thought of as: **[subject prefix] + [root] + [ending]**.
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## Subject Agreement Prefixes
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For most present tense verbs, the subject is indicated by a prefix attached to the verb stem:
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| Person | Prefix | Example (write — წერ-) | Meaning |
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|--------|--------|----------------------|---------|
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| მე (I) | ვ- | ვ-წერ | I write |
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| შენ (you sg) | — | წერ | you write |
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| ის (he/she) | — | წერ-ს | he/she writes |
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| ჩვენ (we) | ვ- | ვ-წერ-თ | we write |
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| თქვენ (you pl) | — | წერ-თ | you (pl) write |
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| ისინი (they) | — | წერ-ენ | they write |
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Key observations:
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- **ვ-** appears for first person (both singular and plural)
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- Second person singular has no prefix — the bare root
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- Third person singular adds **-ს**
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- First and second person plural both add **-თ**
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- Third person plural adds **-ენ** (or **-ან** for some verb classes)
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## Common Present Tense Verbs
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-gram-05-verbs" title="Present Tense Common Verbs"}
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::vocab-item{id="vtsert" word="ვწერ" pronunciation="v-tser" meaning="I write (root: წერ)"}
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::vocab-item{id="vkitxulob" word="ვკითხულობ" pronunciation="v-ki-txu-lob" meaning="I read (root: კითხულობ)"}
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::vocab-item{id="vsaubrob" word="ვსაუბრობ" pronunciation="v-sau-brob" meaning="I speak (root: საუბრობ)"}
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::vocab-item{id="vchamt" word="ვჭამ" pronunciation="v-cham" meaning="I eat (root: ჭამ)"}
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::vocab-item{id="vsvam" word="ვსვამ" pronunciation="v-svam" meaning="I drink (root: სვამ)"}
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::vocab-item{id="vmidivart" word="მივდივარ" pronunciation="mi-v-di-var" meaning="I go (directional verb, different pattern)"}
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:::
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## Full Conjugation: to Write (წერა)
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| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |
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|----------|-----------------|---------|
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| მე ვწერ | me vtser | I write |
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| შენ წერ | shen tser | you write |
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| ის წერს | is tsers | he/she writes |
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| ჩვენ ვწერთ | chven vtserт | we write |
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| თქვენ წერთ | tkven tsert | you (pl) write |
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| ისინი წერენ | isini tseren | they write |
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## Full Conjugation: to Read (კითხვა)
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| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |
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|----------|-----------------|---------|
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| მე ვკითხულობ | me vkitxulob | I read |
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| შენ კითხულობ | shen kitxulob | you read |
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| ის კითხულობს | is kitxulobs | he/she reads |
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| ჩვენ ვკითხულობთ | chven vkitxulobt | we read |
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| თქვენ კითხულობთ | tkven kitxulobt | you (pl) read |
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| ისინი კითხულობენ | isini kitxuloben | they read |
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## A Note on Verb Stems
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Georgian verb roots often look different from their infinitive forms. The infinitive (dictionary form) usually ends in **-ა** or **-ობა**, but the conjugated stem is what you actually use:
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| Infinitive | Meaning | Present stem |
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|-----------|---------|-------------|
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| წერა | to write | წერ- |
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| კითხვა | to read | კითხულობ- |
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| სვლა | to go | მიდი- |
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| ჭამა | to eat | ჭამ- |
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## Practice Exercises
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:::exercise{id="ka-gram-05-present-apply" type="fill-in-blank" title="Conjugate in Present" skill="pattern-application" objectiveId="obj-05-present-apply"}
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**Question:** Conjugate the verb **წერა** (to write) for the given subject
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1. მე ___ (I write)
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2. ის ___ (he writes)
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3. ჩვენ ___ (we write)
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4. ისინი ___ (they write)
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**Answer:**
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1. მე **ვწერ**
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2. ის **წერს**
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3. ჩვენ **ვწერთ**
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4. ისინი **წერენ**
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**Explanation:** Add ვ- for first person (I/we), -ს for third person singular, -თ for plural (we/you-pl), and -ენ for third person plural. Second person singular takes the bare root.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-gram-05-present-produce" type="fill-in-blank" title="Build a Sentence" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-05-present-produce"}
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**Question:** Translate each sentence into Georgian using the present tense
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1. I drink water (მე, სვამ, წყალი)
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2. She reads a book (ის, კითხულობ, წიგნი)
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3. We speak Georgian (ჩვენ, საუბრობ, ქართული)
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**Answer:**
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1. მე **წყალს ვსვამ**
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2. ის **წიგნს კითხულობს**
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3. ჩვენ **ქართულს ვსაუბრობთ**
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**Explanation:** Remember SOV order: subject first, then object (with -ს ending), then verb last. The verb carries ვ- for first person, -ს for third person singular, and -თ for first person plural.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-gram-05-present-recognize" type="matching" title="Identify the Subject" skill="pattern-recognition" objectiveId="obj-05-present-recognize"}
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**Question:** Match each verb form to the subject it agrees with
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- ვწერ
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- წერს
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- ვწერთ
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- წერენ
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**Answer:**
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- ვწერ → მე (I) — ვ- prefix, no ending
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- წერს → ის (he/she) — no prefix, -ს ending
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- ვწერთ → ჩვენ (we) — ვ- prefix, -თ ending
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- წერენ → ისინი (they) — no prefix, -ენ ending
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**Explanation:** The ვ- prefix signals first person. The -ს ending signals third person singular. The -თ ending marks plural. Third person plural uses -ენ. You can identify the subject from these markers even without seeing the pronoun.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 6, you will learn the aorist (simple past tense) — the most common past tense in Georgian, where the ergative case comes into play for transitive verbs.
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`;
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export {
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e as default
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};
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//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-05-Du04UDw8.js.map
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-05-Du04UDw8.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-grammar-lesson-05\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 5 — აწმყო დრო (Present Tense Verbs)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"How Georgian present tense verbs work: prefixes, roots, and suffixes\\\"\\norder: 5\\nparentId: georgian-grammar\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - grammar\\n - verbs\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 35\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-grammar-lesson-04\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-05-present-apply\\n description: \\\"Conjugate common verbs in the present tense\\\"\\n skill: pattern-application\\n - id: obj-05-present-produce\\n description: \\\"Produce present tense sentences with correct subject prefixes\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n - id: obj-05-present-recognize\\n description: \\\"Recognize subject agreement prefixes on verbs\\\"\\n skill: pattern-recognition\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Present Tense Verbs\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian verbs are morphologically rich — they carry information about the subject (and sometimes the object) directly within the verb form itself. You have already seen **ვ-** on first person verbs (ვარ, ვსვამ). This lesson covers the full present tense conjugation pattern and introduces you to common verbs.\\n\\nGeorgian verb structure can be thought of as: **[subject prefix] + [root] + [ending]**.\\n\\n## Subject Agreement Prefixes\\n\\nFor most present tense verbs, the subject is indicated by a prefix attached to the verb stem:\\n\\n| Person | Prefix | Example (write — წერ-) | Meaning |\\n|--------|--------|----------------------|---------|\\n| მე (I) | ვ- | ვ-წერ | I write |\\n| შენ (you sg) | — | წერ | you write |\\n| ის (he/she) | — | წერ-ს | he/she writes |\\n| ჩვენ (we) | ვ- | ვ-წერ-თ | we write |\\n| თქვენ (you pl) | — | წერ-თ | you (pl) write |\\n| ისინი (they) | — | წერ-ენ | they write |\\n\\nKey observations:\\n- **ვ-** appears for first person (both singular and plural)\\n- Second person singular has no prefix — the bare root\\n- Third person singular adds **-ს**\\n- First and second person plural both add **-თ**\\n- Third person plural adds **-ენ** (or **-ან** for some verb classes)\\n\\n## Common Present Tense Verbs\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-gram-05-verbs\\\" title=\\\"Present Tense Common Verbs\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vtsert\\\" word=\\\"ვწერ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-tser\\\" meaning=\\\"I write (root: წერ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vkitxulob\\\" word=\\\"ვკითხულობ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-ki-txu-lob\\\" meaning=\\\"I read (root: კითხულობ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vsaubrob\\\" word=\\\"ვსაუბრობ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-sau-brob\\\" meaning=\\\"I speak (root: საუბრობ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vchamt\\\" word=\\\"ვჭამ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-cham\\\" meaning=\\\"I eat (root: ჭამ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vsvam\\\" word=\\\"ვსვამ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-svam\\\" meaning=\\\"I drink (root: სვამ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vmidivart\\\" word=\\\"მივდივარ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mi-v-di-var\\\" meaning=\\\"I go (directional verb, different pattern)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Full Conjugation: to Write (წერა)\\n\\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| მე ვწერ | me vtser | I write |\\n| შენ წერ | shen tser | you write |\\n| ის წერს | is tsers | he/she writes |\\n| ჩვენ ვწერთ | chven vtserт | we write |\\n| თქვენ წერთ | tkven tsert | you (pl) write |\\n| ისინი წერენ | isini tseren | they write |\\n\\n## Full Conjugation: to Read (კითხვა)\\n\\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| მე ვკითხულობ | me vkitxulob | I read |\\n| შენ კითხულობ | shen kitxulob | you read |\\n| ის კითხულობს | is kitxulobs | he/she reads |\\n| ჩვენ ვკითხულობთ | chven vkitxulobt | we read |\\n| თქვენ კითხულობთ | tkven kitxulobt | you (pl) read |\\n| ისინი კითხულობენ | isini kitxuloben | they read |\\n\\n## A Note on Verb Stems\\n\\nGeorgian verb roots often look different from their infinitive forms. The infinitive (dictionary form) usually ends in **-ა** or **-ობა**, but the conjugated stem is what you actually use:\\n\\n| Infinitive | Meaning | Present stem |\\n|-----------|---------|-------------|\\n| წერა | to write | წერ- |\\n| კითხვა | to read | კითხულობ- |\\n| სვლა | to go | მიდი- |\\n| ჭამა | to eat | ჭამ- |\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-05-present-apply\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Conjugate in Present\\\" skill=\\\"pattern-application\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-05-present-apply\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Conjugate the verb **წერა** (to write) for the given subject\\n\\n1. მე ___ (I write)\\n2. ის ___ (he writes)\\n3. ჩვენ ___ (we write)\\n4. ისინი ___ (they write)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. მე **ვწერ**\\n2. ის **წერს**\\n3. ჩვენ **ვწერთ**\\n4. ისინი **წერენ**\\n\\n**Explanation:** Add ვ- for first person (I/we), -ს for third person singular, -თ for plural (we/you-pl), and -ენ for third person plural. Second person singular takes the bare root.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-05-present-produce\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Build a Sentence\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-05-present-produce\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Translate each sentence into Georgian using the present tense\\n\\n1. I drink water (მე, სვამ, წყალი)\\n2. She reads a book (ის, კითხულობ, წიგნი)\\n3. We speak Georgian (ჩვენ, საუბრობ, ქართული)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. მე **წყალს ვსვამ**\\n2. ის **წიგნს კითხულობს**\\n3. ჩვენ **ქართულს ვსაუბრობთ**\\n\\n**Explanation:** Remember SOV order: subject first, then object (with -ს ending), then verb last. The verb carries ვ- for first person, -ს for third person singular, and -თ for first person plural.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-05-present-recognize\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Identify the Subject\\\" skill=\\\"pattern-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-05-present-recognize\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each verb form to the subject it agrees with\\n\\n- ვწერ\\n- წერს\\n- ვწერთ\\n- წერენ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ვწერ → მე (I) — ვ- prefix, no ending\\n- წერს → ის (he/she) — no prefix, -ს ending\\n- ვწერთ → ჩვენ (we) — ვ- prefix, -თ ending\\n- წერენ → ისინი (they) — no prefix, -ენ ending\\n\\n**Explanation:** The ვ- prefix signals first person. The -ს ending signals third person singular. The -თ ending marks plural. Third person plural uses -ენ. You can identify the subject from these markers even without seeing the pronoun.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 6, you will learn the aorist (simple past tense) — the most common past tense in Georgian, where the ergative case comes into play for transitive verbs.\\n\""],"names":["lesson05"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: georgian-reading-lesson-05
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title: "გაკვეთილი 5 — მოკლე მოთხრობები (Simple Stories)"
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5
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description: "Reading short narrative paragraphs in Georgian — 3-4 sentences with comprehension"
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order: 5
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7
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parentId: georgian-reading
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8
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difficulty: intermediate
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cefrLevel: A2
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categories:
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- reading
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+
- narrative
|
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13
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- comprehension
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 35
|
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prerequisites:
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- georgian-reading-lesson-04
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learningObjectives:
|
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+
- id: obj-read-05-read-narrative
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description: "Read a short narrative paragraph in Georgian"
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skill: text-decoding
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- id: obj-read-05-narrative-comprehension
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description: "Understand who, what, and where in a short Georgian story"
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skill: reading-comprehension
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- id: obj-read-05-story-vocab
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description: "Recognize narrative vocabulary including common verbs and time words"
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skill: word-recognition
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---
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# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Simple Stories
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## Introduction
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33
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|
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This lesson introduces continuous text — connected sentences that tell a simple story. Reading a narrative requires more than decoding individual words: you need to track who is doing what, and follow the sequence of events. Georgian narratives follow clear patterns that become recognizable with practice.
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## Narrative Vocabulary
|
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37
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-read-05-narrative" title="Narrative Words"}
|
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::vocab-item{id="dila" word="დილა" pronunciation="di-la" meaning="morning"}
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41
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42
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::vocab-item{id="saghamo" word="საღამო" pronunciation="sa-gha-mo" meaning="evening"}
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43
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+
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44
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::vocab-item{id="wagavida" word="წავიდა" pronunciation="tsa-vi-da" meaning="went (3rd person singular past)"}
|
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45
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+
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46
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::vocab-item{id="dabrunda" word="დაბრუნდა" pronunciation="da-brun-da" meaning="returned (3rd person singular past)"}
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47
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+
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::vocab-item{id="naxva" word="ნახა" pronunciation="na-kha" meaning="saw (3rd person singular past)"}
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::vocab-item{id="tqva" word="თქვა" pronunciation="tqva" meaning="said (3rd person singular past)"}
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::vocab-item{id="gaxsnila" word="შემდეგ" pronunciation="shem-deg" meaning="then / next"}
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:::
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## Story 1: ნინო Goes to the Market
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Read the following story carefully:
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---
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**ნინო ბაზარში**
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დილით ნინო ბაზარში წავიდა. ის ბოსტნეულს ყიდულობდა. ნინომ პომიდვრები და კიტრი იყიდა. შემდეგ სახლში დაბრუნდა.
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---
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**Transliteration:**
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Di-lit ni-no ba-zar-shi tsa-vi-da. Is bost-neu-ls yi-du-lob-da. Ni-nom po-mid-vre-bi da kit-ri i-yi-da. Shem-deg sakh-lshi da-brun-da.
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**Translation:**
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In the morning, Nino went to the market. She was buying vegetables. Nino bought tomatoes and cucumber. Then she returned home.
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-read-05-story1" title="Story 1 Vocabulary"}
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::vocab-item{id="dilitsa" word="დილით" pronunciation="di-lit" meaning="in the morning"}
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::vocab-item{id="bostneulis" word="ბოსტნეული" pronunciation="bost-neu-li" meaning="vegetables"}
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::vocab-item{id="pomidvrebi" word="პომიდვრები" pronunciation="po-mid-vre-bi" meaning="tomatoes (plural)"}
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::vocab-item{id="kitri" word="კიტრი" pronunciation="kit-ri" meaning="cucumber"}
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::vocab-item{id="sakhlshi" word="სახლში" pronunciation="sakh-lshi" meaning="at home / to home"}
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:::
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## Story 2: The Guest in Tbilisi
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---
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**სტუმარი თბილისში**
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ჯეიმსი ინგლისიდანაა. ის პირველად თბილისში ჩამოვიდა. ჯეიმსმა ძველი ქალაქი ნახა. მან თქვა: "ეს ქალაქი ძალიან ლამაზია!"
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---
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**Transliteration:**
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Jei-msi in-gli-si-da-na-a. Is pir-ve-lad tbi-lis-shi cha-mo-vi-da. Jeim-sma dzve-li qa-la-qi na-kha. Man tqva: "Es qa-la-qi dza-li-an la-ma-zi-a!"
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**Translation:**
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James is from England. He came to Tbilisi for the first time. James saw the Old Town. He said: "This city is very beautiful!"
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-read-05-story2" title="Story 2 Vocabulary"}
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::vocab-item{id="pirveland" word="პირველად" pronunciation="pir-ve-lad" meaning="for the first time"}
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::vocab-item{id="chamovida" word="ჩამოვიდა" pronunciation="cha-mo-vi-da" meaning="came / arrived (3rd person singular past)"}
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::vocab-item{id="dzalian" word="ძალიან" pronunciation="dza-li-an" meaning="very / really"}
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::vocab-item{id="lamazi" word="ლამაზი" pronunciation="la-ma-zi" meaning="beautiful"}
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:::
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## Reading Strategy: Track the Subject
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In Georgian narratives, the subject (who is doing the action) is often marked on the verb rather than stated explicitly. Look for:
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- **ვ-** prefix: first person (I did...)
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- **-ა** or **-ს** suffix changes: marks person and tense
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- When a proper name appears, it is the subject
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## Cultural Note: Georgian Storytelling Tradition
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Georgia has a rich oral storytelling tradition, reflected in its literature. The epic poem **ვეფხისტყაოსანი** (The Knight in the Panther's Skin) by Shota Rustaveli, written in the 12th century, remains central to Georgian cultural identity. Every Georgian schoolchild memorizes passages from it. The tradition of storytelling around the table during a supra (feast) is also very much alive today.
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## Practice Exercises
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:::exercise{id="ka-read-05-story-decode" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Story 1" skill="text-decoding" objectiveId="obj-read-05-read-narrative"}
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**Question:** Read Story 1 and fill in the blanks in the English translation
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Nino went to the ___ in the morning. She was buying ___. She bought ___ and cucumber. Then she returned ___.
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**Answer:**
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market / vegetables / tomatoes / home
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**Explanation:** ბაზარი = market, ბოსტნეული = vegetables, პომიდვრები = tomatoes, სახლში = home/to home. Reading for content means extracting these key facts from the narrative.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-read-05-comprehension" type="multiple-choice" title="Story 2 Comprehension" skill="reading-comprehension" objectiveId="obj-read-05-narrative-comprehension"}
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**Question:** In Story 2, what did James say about Tbilisi?
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**Options:**
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- The city is very far from England
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- The city is very beautiful
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- The market is very good
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- He wants to return home
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**Answer:** 2
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**Explanation:** James said: ეს ქალაქი ძალიან ლამაზია — "This city is very beautiful." ეს = this, ქალაქი = city, ძალიან = very, ლამაზი = beautiful, -ია = is.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-read-05-vocab-recognition" type="matching" title="Story Vocabulary" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-read-05-story-vocab"}
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**Question:** Match the Georgian past tense verb to its English meaning
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- წავიდა
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- დაბრუნდა
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- ნახა
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- თქვა
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- ჩამოვიდა
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**Answer:**
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- წავიდა → went
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- დაბრუნდა → returned
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- ნახა → saw
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- თქვა → said
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- ჩამოვიდა → came / arrived
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**Explanation:** These are common past tense verb forms (3rd person singular). In Georgian past tense, many verbs end in -ა. These five verbs — go, return, see, say, come — are the backbone of narrative storytelling in Georgian.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 6, you will read practical documents — addresses, forms, and written information you encounter in everyday Georgian life.
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`;
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export {
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n as default
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};
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//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-05-VfiWFnKX.js.map
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-05-VfiWFnKX.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-reading-lesson-05\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 5 — მოკლე მოთხრობები (Simple Stories)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Reading short narrative paragraphs in Georgian — 3-4 sentences with comprehension\\\"\\norder: 5\\nparentId: georgian-reading\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - reading\\n - narrative\\n - comprehension\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 35\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-reading-lesson-04\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-read-05-read-narrative\\n description: \\\"Read a short narrative paragraph in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: text-decoding\\n - id: obj-read-05-narrative-comprehension\\n description: \\\"Understand who, what, and where in a short Georgian story\\\"\\n skill: reading-comprehension\\n - id: obj-read-05-story-vocab\\n description: \\\"Recognize narrative vocabulary including common verbs and time words\\\"\\n skill: word-recognition\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Simple Stories\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThis lesson introduces continuous text — connected sentences that tell a simple story. Reading a narrative requires more than decoding individual words: you need to track who is doing what, and follow the sequence of events. Georgian narratives follow clear patterns that become recognizable with practice.\\n\\n## Narrative Vocabulary\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-read-05-narrative\\\" title=\\\"Narrative Words\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dila\\\" word=\\\"დილა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"di-la\\\" meaning=\\\"morning\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"saghamo\\\" word=\\\"საღამო\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sa-gha-mo\\\" meaning=\\\"evening\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"wagavida\\\" word=\\\"წავიდა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"tsa-vi-da\\\" meaning=\\\"went (3rd person singular past)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dabrunda\\\" word=\\\"დაბრუნდა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"da-brun-da\\\" meaning=\\\"returned (3rd person singular past)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"naxva\\\" word=\\\"ნახა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"na-kha\\\" meaning=\\\"saw (3rd person singular past)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tqva\\\" word=\\\"თქვა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"tqva\\\" meaning=\\\"said (3rd person singular past)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gaxsnila\\\" word=\\\"შემდეგ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"shem-deg\\\" meaning=\\\"then / next\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Story 1: ნინო Goes to the Market\\n\\nRead the following story carefully:\\n\\n---\\n\\n**ნინო ბაზარში**\\n\\nდილით ნინო ბაზარში წავიდა. ის ბოსტნეულს ყიდულობდა. ნინომ პომიდვრები და კიტრი იყიდა. შემდეგ სახლში დაბრუნდა.\\n\\n---\\n\\n**Transliteration:**\\n\\nDi-lit ni-no ba-zar-shi tsa-vi-da. Is bost-neu-ls yi-du-lob-da. Ni-nom po-mid-vre-bi da kit-ri i-yi-da. Shem-deg sakh-lshi da-brun-da.\\n\\n**Translation:**\\n\\nIn the morning, Nino went to the market. She was buying vegetables. Nino bought tomatoes and cucumber. Then she returned home.\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-read-05-story1\\\" title=\\\"Story 1 Vocabulary\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dilitsa\\\" word=\\\"დილით\\\" pronunciation=\\\"di-lit\\\" meaning=\\\"in the morning\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"bostneulis\\\" word=\\\"ბოსტნეული\\\" pronunciation=\\\"bost-neu-li\\\" meaning=\\\"vegetables\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"pomidvrebi\\\" word=\\\"პომიდვრები\\\" pronunciation=\\\"po-mid-vre-bi\\\" meaning=\\\"tomatoes (plural)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kitri\\\" word=\\\"კიტრი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"kit-ri\\\" meaning=\\\"cucumber\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sakhlshi\\\" word=\\\"სახლში\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sakh-lshi\\\" meaning=\\\"at home / to home\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Story 2: The Guest in Tbilisi\\n\\n---\\n\\n**სტუმარი თბილისში**\\n\\nჯეიმსი ინგლისიდანაა. ის პირველად თბილისში ჩამოვიდა. ჯეიმსმა ძველი ქალაქი ნახა. მან თქვა: \\\"ეს ქალაქი ძალიან ლამაზია!\\\"\\n\\n---\\n\\n**Transliteration:**\\n\\nJei-msi in-gli-si-da-na-a. Is pir-ve-lad tbi-lis-shi cha-mo-vi-da. Jeim-sma dzve-li qa-la-qi na-kha. Man tqva: \\\"Es qa-la-qi dza-li-an la-ma-zi-a!\\\"\\n\\n**Translation:**\\n\\nJames is from England. He came to Tbilisi for the first time. James saw the Old Town. He said: \\\"This city is very beautiful!\\\"\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-read-05-story2\\\" title=\\\"Story 2 Vocabulary\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"pirveland\\\" word=\\\"პირველად\\\" pronunciation=\\\"pir-ve-lad\\\" meaning=\\\"for the first time\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"chamovida\\\" word=\\\"ჩამოვიდა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"cha-mo-vi-da\\\" meaning=\\\"came / arrived (3rd person singular past)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dzalian\\\" word=\\\"ძალიან\\\" pronunciation=\\\"dza-li-an\\\" meaning=\\\"very / really\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"lamazi\\\" word=\\\"ლამაზი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"la-ma-zi\\\" meaning=\\\"beautiful\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Reading Strategy: Track the Subject\\n\\nIn Georgian narratives, the subject (who is doing the action) is often marked on the verb rather than stated explicitly. Look for:\\n- **ვ-** prefix: first person (I did...)\\n- **-ა** or **-ს** suffix changes: marks person and tense\\n- When a proper name appears, it is the subject\\n\\n## Cultural Note: Georgian Storytelling Tradition\\n\\nGeorgia has a rich oral storytelling tradition, reflected in its literature. The epic poem **ვეფხისტყაოსანი** (The Knight in the Panther's Skin) by Shota Rustaveli, written in the 12th century, remains central to Georgian cultural identity. Every Georgian schoolchild memorizes passages from it. The tradition of storytelling around the table during a supra (feast) is also very much alive today.\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-05-story-decode\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Read Story 1\\\" skill=\\\"text-decoding\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-05-read-narrative\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read Story 1 and fill in the blanks in the English translation\\n\\nNino went to the ___ in the morning. She was buying ___. She bought ___ and cucumber. Then she returned ___.\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\nmarket / vegetables / tomatoes / home\\n\\n**Explanation:** ბაზარი = market, ბოსტნეული = vegetables, პომიდვრები = tomatoes, სახლში = home/to home. Reading for content means extracting these key facts from the narrative.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-05-comprehension\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Story 2 Comprehension\\\" skill=\\\"reading-comprehension\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-05-narrative-comprehension\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** In Story 2, what did James say about Tbilisi?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- The city is very far from England\\n- The city is very beautiful\\n- The market is very good\\n- He wants to return home\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** James said: ეს ქალაქი ძალიან ლამაზია — \\\"This city is very beautiful.\\\" ეს = this, ქალაქი = city, ძალიან = very, ლამაზი = beautiful, -ია = is.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-05-vocab-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Story Vocabulary\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-05-story-vocab\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match the Georgian past tense verb to its English meaning\\n\\n- წავიდა\\n- დაბრუნდა\\n- ნახა\\n- თქვა\\n- ჩამოვიდა\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- წავიდა → went\\n- დაბრუნდა → returned\\n- ნახა → saw\\n- თქვა → said\\n- ჩამოვიდა → came / arrived\\n\\n**Explanation:** These are common past tense verb forms (3rd person singular). In Georgian past tense, many verbs end in -ა. These five verbs — go, return, see, say, come — are the backbone of narrative storytelling in Georgian.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 6, you will read practical documents — addresses, forms, and written information you encounter in everyday Georgian life.\\n\""],"names":["lesson05"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
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