@syllst/ka 0.2.0 → 0.2.2

package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-essentials-lesson-02
+title: "გაკვეთილი 2 — თავაზიანი გამოთქმები"
+description: "Polite Expressions: Please, thank you, and sorry in Georgian"
+order: 2
+parentId: georgian-essentials
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - politeness
+  - expressions
+  - basics
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-essentials-lesson-01
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-polite-thank-you
+      description: "Express thanks appropriately in Georgian"
+      skill: word-production
+    - id: obj-polite-sorry-excuse
+      description: "Apologize and get attention politely"
+      skill: polite-register
+    - id: obj-polite-please
+      description: "Use please and make polite requests"
+      skill: polite-register
+    - id: obj-polite-respond-thanks
+      description: "Respond when someone thanks you"
+      skill: situational-response
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Polite Expressions
+
+## Introduction
+
+Politeness in Georgian is expressed through specific words and through the structure of requests. Unlike Thai or Japanese, Georgian does not have grammaticalized politeness particles — instead, you choose specific vocabulary and verb forms. A few key words will take you a very long way.
+
+## Thank You
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-thanks" title="Expressing Thanks"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="madloba" word="მადლობა" pronunciation="mad-lo-ba" meaning="Thank you"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="didi-madloba" word="დიდი მადლობა" pronunciation="di-di mad-lo-ba" meaning="Thank you very much"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gmadlobt" word="გმადლობთ" pronunciation="gma-dlobt" meaning="Thank you (formal/plural)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="madlobeli-var" word="მადლობელი ვარ" pronunciation="mad-lo-be-li var" meaning="I am grateful"}
+
+:::
+
+The word **მადლობა** comes from **მადლი** (madli), meaning "grace" or "blessing." Thanking someone in Georgian is literally wishing them grace.
+
+## Responding to Thanks
+
+| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------------|---------|
+| არაფერი | a-ra-fe-ri | You're welcome / It's nothing |
+| გთხოვთ | g-tkhovt | Please / You're welcome |
+| სიამოვნებით | si-a-mov-ne-bit | With pleasure |
+| რა თქმა უნდა | ra tkh-ma un-da | Of course |
+
+## Please and Requests
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-please" title="Please and Requests"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gtkhovt" word="გთხოვთ" pronunciation="g-tkhovt" meaning="Please (formal) / I ask you"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gtkhovs" word="გთხოვს" pronunciation="g-tkhovs" meaning="Please (informal, to one person)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="imit-gtkhov" word="ამის მომეცით" pronunciation="a-mis mo-me-tsit" meaning="Please give me this"}
+
+:::
+
+The word **გთხოვთ** comes from the verb **სთხოვა** (stkkhova), to ask or request. It is both "please" and "I ask of you."
+
+## Sorry and Excuse Me
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-sorry" title="Sorry and Excuse Me"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="bodishi" word="ბოდიში" pronunciation="bo-di-shi" meaning="Sorry / Excuse me"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ukatsravad" word="უკაცრავად" pronunciation="u-kats-ra-vad" meaning="Excuse me (more formal)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="mipatiet" word="მიპატიეთ" pronunciation="mi-pa-ti-et" meaning="Forgive me / I beg your pardon"}
+
+:::
+
+**ბოდიში** is the everyday word for both "sorry" and "excuse me." Use it to:
+- Apologize for a small mistake
+- Get someone's attention ("Excuse me...")
+- Pass by someone in a crowded space
+
+**უკაცრავად** is more formal and polished. Prefer it with strangers, elders, or in professional settings.
+
+## Common Polite Exchanges
+
+**Getting attention in a shop:**
+- ბოდიში, გთხოვთ... (Excuse me, please...)
+
+**Thanking someone:**
+- A: მადლობა! (Thank you!)
+- B: არაფერი! (You're welcome!)
+
+**More heartfelt thanks:**
+- A: დიდი მადლობა! (Thank you very much!)
+- B: სიამოვნებით! (With pleasure!)
+
+**Apologizing:**
+- ბოდიში, შეცდომა დავუშვი. (Sorry, I made a mistake.)
+- A: მიპატიეთ... (I beg your pardon...)
+- B: არაფერი, გასაგებია. (No problem, it's understandable.)
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **მადლობა for thanks**: Simple and always appropriate
+2. **დიდი intensifies**: დიდი მადლობა = thank you very much
+3. **ბოდიში for sorry and excuse me**: One word for both uses
+4. **არაფერი for you're welcome**: Literally "it's nothing"
+5. **გთხოვთ for formal please**: Use with strangers and elders
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-02-thank-you" type="fill-in-blank" title="Expressing Thanks" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-polite-thank-you"}
+
+**Question:** Fill in the correct Georgian expression
+
+1. Simple thank you: ___
+2. Thank you very much: ___ ___
+3. Formal thank you: ___
+
+**Answer:**
+
+1. მადლობა
+2. დიდი მადლობა
+3. გმადლობთ
+
+**Explanation:** მადლობა is the everyday word for thanks. Add დიდი (big/great) before it to intensify. გმადლობთ is the formal/plural form used with elders, strangers, or groups.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-02-sorry-excuse" type="matching" title="Sorry vs Excuse Me" skill="polite-register" objectiveId="obj-polite-sorry-excuse"}
+
+**Question:** Match the Georgian phrase to its correct use
+
+- ბოდიში (getting attention in a shop)
+- უკაცრავად (formal apology to a superior)
+- მიპატიეთ (seeking forgiveness)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ბოდიში → Everyday excuse me or sorry (getting attention)
+- უკაცრავად → Formal excuse me in professional or respectful situations
+- მიპატიეთ → Requesting forgiveness, heartfelt apology
+
+**Explanation:** ბოდიში is the most versatile — use it in most situations. უკაცრავად shows more deference. მიპატიეთ is stronger, asking for pardon.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-02-respond-thanks" type="multiple-choice" title="Responding to Thanks" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-polite-respond-thanks"}
+
+**Question:** Someone says დიდი მადლობა to you. Which is the most natural response?
+
+**Options:**
+- გამარჯობა
+- ნახვამდის
+- სიამოვნებით
+- ბოდიში
+
+**Answer:** 3
+
+**Explanation:** სიამოვნებით means "with pleasure" and is a warm, natural response to thanks. არაფერი (it's nothing) is also correct. გამარჯობა is hello and ნახვამდის is goodbye — wrong context. ბოდიში means sorry.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 3, you will learn how to introduce yourself — your name, where you are from, and how to ask the same of others.

package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-03.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-essentials-lesson-03
+title: "გაკვეთილი 3 — თვითგაცნობა"
+description: "Self-Introduction: Your name, origin, and how to ask about others"
+order: 3
+parentId: georgian-essentials
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - introductions
+  - personal-info
+  - basics
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-essentials-lesson-02
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-intro-state-name
+      description: "State your own name in Georgian"
+      skill: word-production
+    - id: obj-intro-ask-name
+      description: "Ask someone else's name politely"
+      skill: polite-register
+    - id: obj-intro-state-origin
+      description: "Say where you are from"
+      skill: word-production
+    - id: obj-intro-nice-to-meet
+      description: "Use the phrase for nice to meet you"
+      skill: situational-response
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 3 (Lesson 3) — Self-Introduction
+
+## Introduction
+
+Introducing yourself is one of the first things you do when meeting someone new. In Georgian, introductions follow clear patterns. Georgian uses verb conjugation to mark who is speaking, so learning the right person forms is important from the start.
+
+## My Name Is
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-intro-name" title="Stating Your Name"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="me-mqvia" word="მე მქვია..." pronunciation="me mkvya..." meaning="My name is... (literally: I am called...)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="chemi-sakhelia" word="ჩემი სახელია..." pronunciation="che-mi sa-khe-lia..." meaning="My name is... (literally: my name is...)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="me-var" word="მე ვარ..." pronunciation="me var..." meaning="I am..."}
+
+:::
+
+The most natural way to give your name in Georgian is **მე მქვია...** followed by your name. For example: მე მქვია ჯონი (My name is John).
+
+## Asking Someone's Name
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-intro-ask-name" title="Asking for Names"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="rogori-gkvia" word="როგორ გქვია?" pronunciation="ro-gor gkvya?" meaning="What is your name? (informal, singular)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="rogori-gkviath" word="როგორ გქვიათ?" pronunciation="ro-gor gkvyat?" meaning="What is your name? (formal/plural)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="tkven-sakhelia" word="თქვენი სახელი?" pronunciation="tkve-ni sa-khe-li?" meaning="Your name? (short, formal)"}
+
+:::
+
+Use **როგორ გქვიათ?** when speaking to an elder, a stranger, or someone in a professional context. **როგორ გქვია?** is for friends and peers.
+
+## Where Are You From?
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-intro-origin" title="Origin and Nationality"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="sad-xar-carmosdgenili" word="საიდან ხართ?" pronunciation="sa-i-dan khart?" meaning="Where are you from? (formal)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="sad-xar" word="საიდან ხარ?" pronunciation="sa-i-dan khar?" meaning="Where are you from? (informal)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="me-var-carmos" word="მე ვარ..." pronunciation="me var..." meaning="I am from... (with country name)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ingliselsi-var" word="...დან ვარ" pronunciation="...dan var" meaning="I am from... (add country + -დან suffix)"}
+
+:::
+
+## Countries and Nationalities
+
+To say where you are from, add the suffix **-დან** to the country name:
+
+| Country | Georgian | "From..." |
+|---------|----------|-----------|
+| England | ინგლისი (inglisi) | ინგლისიდან ვარ |
+| America | ამერიკა (amerika) | ამერიკიდან ვარ |
+| France | საფრანგეთი (sapirangethi) | საფრანგეთიდან ვარ |
+| Germany | გერმანია (germania) | გერმანიიდან ვარ |
+| Georgia | საქართველო (sakartvelo) | საქართველოდან ვარ |
+
+## Nice to Meet You
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-intro-nice-to-meet" title="Nice to Meet You"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="sasiamovnoa" word="სასიამოვნოა გაცნობა" pronunciation="sa-si-a-mov-no-a gats-no-ba" meaning="Nice to meet you"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="mec-sasiamovnoa" word="მეც სასიამოვნოა" pronunciation="mets sa-si-a-mov-no-a" meaning="Nice to meet you too"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gaxarebuli-var" word="გახარებული ვარ" pronunciation="ga-kha-re-bu-li var" meaning="I am pleased (to meet you)"}
+
+:::
+
+## A Complete Introduction
+
+Here is a full introduction exchange:
+
+**A**: გამარჯობა! მე მქვია ანა. (Hello! My name is Ana.)
+**B**: გამარჯობა! მე მქვია ჯორჯი. (Hello! My name is Giorgi.)
+**A**: საიდან ხარ? (Where are you from?)
+**B**: ამერიკიდან ვარ. შენ? (I am from America. And you?)
+**A**: საქართველოდან ვარ. სასიამოვნოა გაცნობა! (I am from Georgia. Nice to meet you!)
+**B**: მეც სასიამოვნოა! (Nice to meet you too!)
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **მე მქვია + name**: The most natural way to give your name
+2. **გქვია vs გქვიათ**: Informal vs formal "your name is"
+3. **Country + -დან ვარ**: "I am from [country]"
+4. **სასიამოვნოა გაცნობა**: The standard phrase for "nice to meet you"
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-03-state-name" type="fill-in-blank" title="Stating Your Name" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-intro-state-name"}
+
+**Question:** How do you say "My name is Maria" in Georgian?
+
+**Answer:**
+
+მე მქვია მარია.
+
+**Explanation:** Use მე მქვია (literally "I am called") followed by your name. This is more natural than ჩემი სახელია in everyday speech. Your name goes directly after მქვია without any additional particle.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-03-ask-name" type="multiple-choice" title="Asking Someone's Name" skill="polite-register" objectiveId="obj-intro-ask-name"}
+
+**Question:** You meet your friend's grandmother for the first time. How do you ask her name?
+
+**Options:**
+- როგორ გქვია?
+- როგორ გქვიათ?
+- მე მქვია?
+- საიდან ხარ?
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** Use როგორ გქვიათ? (formal/plural form with -თ) when addressing elders or strangers respectfully. როგორ გქვია? (without -თ) is only appropriate for friends and peers of similar age.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-03-origin" type="fill-in-blank" title="Saying Where You Are From" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-intro-state-origin"}
+
+**Question:** How do you say "I am from Germany" in Georgian?
+
+**Answer:**
+
+გერმანიიდან ვარ.
+
+Or the full form: მე გერმანიიდან ვარ.
+
+**Explanation:** Add the suffix -დან to the country name, then add ვარ (I am). Some countries need small vowel adjustments at the junction — გერმანია becomes გერმანიიდან (dropping the final -ა and adding -იდან).
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-03-nice-to-meet" type="matching" title="Introduction Phrases" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-intro-nice-to-meet"}
+
+**Question:** Match each phrase to its meaning
+
+- სასიამოვნოა გაცნობა
+- მეც სასიამოვნოა
+- გახარებული ვარ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- სასიამოვნოა გაცნობა = Nice to meet you (first said)
+- მეც სასიამოვნოა = Nice to meet you too (reply)
+- გახარებული ვარ = I am pleased / delighted (to meet you)
+
+**Explanation:** სასიამოვნოა comes from სიამოვნება (pleasure). Adding მეც (me too) turns it into a response. გახარებული ვარ is a warmer, more expressive alternative.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 4, you will learn the basic Georgian question words — what, where, who, when, and how — and the sentence patterns that go with them.

package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-04.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-essentials-lesson-04
+title: "გაკვეთილი 4 — ძირითადი კითხვები"
+description: "Basic Questions: What, where, who, when, and how in Georgian"
+order: 4
+parentId: georgian-essentials
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - questions
+  - basics
+  - grammar
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-essentials-lesson-03
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-questions-wh-words
+      description: "Ask who, what, where, when, why, and how in Georgian"
+      skill: word-production
+    - id: obj-questions-word-order
+      description: "Understand Georgian question word placement"
+      skill: pattern-recognition
+    - id: obj-questions-practical
+      description: "Ask practical questions about price and location"
+      skill: word-production
+    - id: obj-questions-yes-no
+      description: "Form yes/no questions in Georgian"
+      skill: pattern-application
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 4 (Lesson 4) — Basic Questions
+
+## Introduction
+
+Questions are the engine of conversation. In Georgian, question words are placed at the beginning of the sentence — similar to English. However, Georgian word order is more flexible than English, so you have room to vary sentence structure as your fluency grows.
+
+## The Question Words
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-question-words" title="Georgian Question Words"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ra" word="რა?" pronunciation="ra" meaning="What?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="sad" word="სად?" pronunciation="sad" meaning="Where?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="vin" word="ვინ?" pronunciation="vin" meaning="Who?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="rodis" word="როდის?" pronunciation="ro-dis" meaning="When?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ratom" word="რატომ?" pronunciation="ra-tom" meaning="Why?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="rogor" word="როგორ?" pronunciation="ro-gor" meaning="How?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ramdeni" word="რამდენი?" pronunciation="ram-de-ni" meaning="How many / How much?"}
+
+:::
+
+## What (რა)
+
+| Question | Meaning |
+|----------|---------|
+| ეს რა არის? | What is this? |
+| სახელი რა გქვია? | What is your name? |
+| რა გნებავთ? | What do you want? (formal) |
+| რა ღირს? | How much does it cost? (lit. "What does it cost?") |
+
+## Where (სად)
+
+| Question | Meaning |
+|----------|---------|
+| სადაა სასტუმრო? | Where is the hotel? |
+| სად მიდიხართ? | Where are you going? (formal) |
+| სად ხართ? | Where are you? |
+| ავტობუსის გაჩერება სად არის? | Where is the bus stop? |
+
+## Who (ვინ)
+
+| Question | Meaning |
+|----------|---------|
+| ეს ვინ არის? | Who is this? |
+| ვინ მოვიდა? | Who came? |
+| ვინ გსურთ? | Who would you like to speak to? |
+
+## When (როდის)
+
+| Question | Meaning |
+|----------|---------|
+| ავტობუსი როდის მოდის? | When does the bus come? |
+| ეს კინო როდის იწყება? | When does the film start? |
+| როდის ბრუნდებით? | When are you returning? (formal) |
+
+## How (როგორ)
+
+| Question | Meaning |
+|----------|---------|
+| როგორ ხართ? | How are you? (formal) |
+| როგორ ხარ? | How are you? (informal) |
+| იქ როგორ მივალ? | How do I get there? |
+| ეს სიტყვა როგორ წარმოითქმება? | How is this word pronounced? |
+
+## How Much / How Many (რამდენი)
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-how-much" title="Asking About Price and Quantity"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ramdenightis" word="რამდენი ღირს?" pronunciation="ram-de-ni ghirs?" meaning="How much does it cost?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ramdenia" word="რამდენია?" pronunciation="ram-de-ni-a?" meaning="How much is it?"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ra-ghirs" word="რა ღირს?" pronunciation="ra ghirs?" meaning="How much does it cost? (alternative)"}
+
+:::
+
+## Yes/No Questions
+
+Georgian does not use a question particle like English "do" at the start of yes/no questions. Instead, you can:
+
+1. Use rising intonation on any statement
+2. Add the particle **-ა** (a) to the end of the verb
+
+| Statement | Question |
+|-----------|----------|
+| ეს სასტუმროა | ეს სასტუმროა? (Is this a hotel?) |
+| გესმით ქართული | გესმით ქართული? (Do you understand Georgian?) |
+
+## Practical Conversation: At a Shop
+
+**Customer**: ბოდიში, ეს რა ღირს? (Excuse me, how much does this cost?)
+**Seller**: ოცი ლარი. (Twenty lari.)
+**Customer**: გმადლობთ. სალარო სად არის? (Thank you. Where is the cash register?)
+**Seller**: იქ, მარცხნივ. (Over there, on the left.)
+**Customer**: მადლობა! (Thank you!)
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Question words at the start**: Georgian questions usually lead with the question word
+2. **რა ღირს or რამდენი ღირს**: Both mean "how much does it cost?"
+3. **Rising intonation for yes/no**: No special question word needed
+4. **Formal -თ forms**: Adds -თ to verbs for formal/plural addressing
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-04-wh-words" type="matching" title="Georgian Question Words" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-questions-wh-words"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Georgian question word to its English meaning
+
+- რა
+- სად
+- ვინ
+- როდის
+- რატომ
+- როგორ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- რა = What
+- სად = Where
+- ვინ = Who
+- როდის = When
+- რატომ = Why
+- როგორ = How
+
+**Explanation:** These six question words form the core of Georgian interrogative sentences. They typically appear at the beginning of the sentence, similar to English.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-04-practical" type="fill-in-blank" title="Practical Questions" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-questions-practical"}
+
+**Question:** Translate these practical questions into Georgian
+
+1. How much does this cost?
+2. Where is the bathroom?
+3. When does the bus come?
+
+**Answer:**
+
+1. ეს რამდენი ღირს? (or რა ღირს?)
+2. სააბაზანო სად არის? (or ტუალეტი სად არის?)
+3. ავტობუსი როდის მოდის?
+
+**Explanation:** These three questions cover the most common practical needs: price, location, and time. Memorize them as complete phrases — they will be useful immediately.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-04-word-order" type="multiple-choice" title="Question Word Placement" skill="pattern-recognition" objectiveId="obj-questions-word-order"}
+
+**Question:** In Georgian, where does the question word usually appear in a sentence?
+
+**Options:**
+- At the end of the sentence
+- At the beginning of the sentence
+- In the middle of the sentence
+- Anywhere, it does not matter
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** Georgian question words typically appear at the beginning of the sentence, similar to English. However, Georgian word order is more flexible than English, so other positions are grammatically possible — but leading with the question word is the most natural and common pattern.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-04-yes-no" type="fill-in-blank" title="Yes/No Questions" skill="pattern-application" objectiveId="obj-questions-yes-no"}
+
+**Question:** How do you turn the statement "გესმით ქართული" (You understand Georgian) into a yes/no question?
+
+**Answer:**
+
+გესმით ქართული? (Use rising intonation)
+
+**Explanation:** For yes/no questions in Georgian, simply use rising intonation at the end of the statement. You do not need to add a question word or change the word order. The question mark indicates the rising intonation in writing.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 5, you will learn Georgian numbers in practical contexts — shopping, ordering food, and discussing prices.