@syllst/ka 0.2.0 → 0.2.2

package/dist/lesson-02-CW2iIZWk.js.map

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+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-02-CW2iIZWk.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-numbers-lesson-02\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 2 — ათეულები და ოცეულები\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Counting 10-100: Georgian's unique vigesimal system\\\"\\norder: 2\\nparentId: georgian-numbers\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - numbers\\n  - counting\\n  - grammar\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 25\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-numbers-lesson-01\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-count-10-20\\n      description: \\\"Count from 10 to 20 in Georgian\\\"\\n      skill: word-pronunciation\\n      references: []\\n    - id: obj-vigesimal-system\\n      description: \\\"Understand Georgian's vigesimal (base-20) counting system\\\"\\n      skill: pattern-recognition\\n      references: []\\n    - id: obj-build-tens\\n      description: \\\"Form numbers 20-100 using the vigesimal pattern\\\"\\n      skill: word-production\\n      references: []\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Teens and Tens\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian has a fascinating counting system that differs from English. While English uses a base-10 system, Georgian traditionally uses a **vigesimal (base-20) system** for numbers above 20. This is similar to French (quatre-vingts for 80 = \\\"four twenties\\\") and the ancient Mayan system.\\n\\nDon't worry — it's more logical than it sounds once you understand the pattern!\\n\\n## The Teens (11-19)\\n\\nFor numbers 11-19, Georgian follows a simple additive pattern:\\n\\n**Formula: 10 + [digit] = ათ + [number word]**\\n\\nBut there's a twist: the words combine into single words with slight modifications.\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"georgian-numbers-11-19\\\" title=\\\"Numbers 11-19\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-ten\\\" word=\\\"ათი\\\" transliteration=\\\"ati\\\" translation=\\\"ten\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-eleven\\\" word=\\\"თერთმეტი\\\" transliteration=\\\"tertmeti\\\" translation=\\\"eleven\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-twelve\\\" word=\\\"თორმეტი\\\" transliteration=\\\"tormeti\\\" translation=\\\"twelve\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-thirteen\\\" word=\\\"ცამეტი\\\" transliteration=\\\"tsameti\\\" translation=\\\"thirteen\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-fourteen\\\" word=\\\"თოთხმეტი\\\" transliteration=\\\"totkhmetі\\\" translation=\\\"fourteen\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-fifteen\\\" word=\\\"თხუთმეტი\\\" transliteration=\\\"tkhutmeti\\\" translation=\\\"fifteen\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-sixteen\\\" word=\\\"თექვსმეტი\\\" transliteration=\\\"tekvsmeti\\\" translation=\\\"sixteen\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-seventeen\\\" word=\\\"ჩვიდმეტი\\\" transliteration=\\\"chvidmeti\\\" translation=\\\"seventeen\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-eighteen\\\" word=\\\"თვრამეტი\\\" transliteration=\\\"tvrameti\\\" translation=\\\"eighteen\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-nineteen\\\" word=\\\"ცხრამეტი\\\" transliteration=\\\"tskhrameti\\\" translation=\\\"nineteen\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Breaking Down the Teens\\n\\nAll numbers 11-19 end in **-მეტი** (meti), which comes from \\\"ათი\\\" (ten). The first part is a modified form of the base digit:\\n\\n| Number | Base | Modified Form | Full Word | Meaning |\\n|--------|------|---------------|-----------|---------|\\n| 11 | ერთი | თერთ- | თერთმეტი | \\\"one-ten-ed\\\" |\\n| 12 | ორი | თორ- | თორმეტი | \\\"two-ten-ed\\\" |\\n| 13 | სამი | ცა- | ცამეტი | \\\"three-ten-ed\\\" |\\n| 14 | ოთხი | თოთხ- | თოთხმეტი | \\\"four-ten-ed\\\" |\\n| 15 | ხუთი | თხუთ- | თხუთმეტი | \\\"five-ten-ed\\\" |\\n| 16 | ექვსი | თექვს- | თექვსმეტი | \\\"six-ten-ed\\\" |\\n| 17 | შვიდი | ჩვიდ- | ჩვიდმეტი | \\\"seven-ten-ed\\\" |\\n| 18 | რვა | თვრა- | თვრამეტი | \\\"eight-ten-ed\\\" |\\n| 19 | ცხრა | ცხრა- | ცხრამეტი | \\\"nine-ten-ed\\\" |\\n\\n## Twenty and the Vigesimal System\\n\\nHere's where Georgian gets unique:\\n\\n**20 = ოცი (otsi)**\\n\\nThis is a special word, not derived from \\\"two.\\\" From here, Georgian counts in twenties!\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"georgian-numbers-20-100\\\" title=\\\"Key Numbers 20-100\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-twenty\\\" word=\\\"ოცი\\\" transliteration=\\\"otsi\\\" translation=\\\"twenty\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-thirty\\\" word=\\\"ოცდაათი\\\" transliteration=\\\"otsdaati\\\" translation=\\\"thirty\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-forty\\\" word=\\\"ორმოცი\\\" transliteration=\\\"ormotsi\\\" translation=\\\"forty\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-fifty\\\" word=\\\"ორმოცდაათი\\\" transliteration=\\\"ormotsdaati\\\" translation=\\\"fifty\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-sixty\\\" word=\\\"სამოცი\\\" transliteration=\\\"samotsi\\\" translation=\\\"sixty\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-seventy\\\" word=\\\"სამოცდაათი\\\" transliteration=\\\"samotsdaati\\\" translation=\\\"seventy\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-eighty\\\" word=\\\"ოთხმოცი\\\" transliteration=\\\"otkhmotsi\\\" translation=\\\"eighty\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-ninety\\\" word=\\\"ოთხმოცდაათი\\\" transliteration=\\\"otkhmotsaati\\\" translation=\\\"ninety\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-hundred\\\" word=\\\"ასი\\\" transliteration=\\\"asi\\\" translation=\\\"one hundred\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## The Vigesimal Pattern Explained\\n\\nGeorgian counts by twenties using this logic:\\n\\n| Number | Literal Meaning | Georgian Word |\\n|--------|----------------|---------------|\\n| 20 | twenty | ოცი (otsi) |\\n| 30 | twenty-and-ten | ოცდაათი (otsdaati) |\\n| 40 | two-twenty | ორმოცი (ormotsi) |\\n| 50 | two-twenty-and-ten | ორმოცდაათი (ormotsdaati) |\\n| 60 | three-twenty | სამოცი (samotsi) |\\n| 70 | three-twenty-and-ten | სამოცდაათი (samotsdaati) |\\n| 80 | four-twenty | ოთხმოცი (otkhmotsi) |\\n| 90 | four-twenty-and-ten | ოთხმოცდაათი (otkhmotsaati) |\\n| 100 | hundred | ასი (asi) |\\n\\n**Key insight:** Notice the connector **-და-** (da) meaning \\\"and\\\" that appears in 30, 50, 70, 90.\\n\\n## Building Numbers 21-99\\n\\nTo make any number in between:\\n\\n**Formula: [base] + და + [digit]**\\n\\nExamples:\\n- 21 = ოცდაერთი (otsdaerti) = \\\"twenty-and-one\\\"\\n- 25 = ოცდახუთი (otsdakhuti) = \\\"twenty-and-five\\\"\\n- 37 = ოცდაჩვიდმეტი (otsdachvidmeti) = \\\"thirty-and-seven\\\" (note: 17 = ჩვიდმეტი)\\n- 48 = ორმოცდარვა (ormosdarva) = \\\"forty-and-eight\\\"\\n- 99 = ოთხმოცდაცხრამეტი (otkhmosdatskhrameti) = \\\"ninety-and-nineteen\\\"\\n\\n## Why Vigesimal?\\n\\nMany ancient cultures counted on both fingers and toes, creating base-20 systems:\\n- **French**: 80 = quatre-vingts (\\\"four twenties\\\")\\n- **Mayan**: Complete vigesimal system\\n- **Georgian**: Preserved this ancient counting method\\n\\nModern Georgian still uses this system in everyday speech!\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Teens end in -მეტი**: All numbers 11-19 follow this pattern\\n2. **Twenty is special**: ოცი is the foundation of the vigesimal system\\n3. **Count by twenties**: 40 = \\\"two twenties,\\\" 60 = \\\"three twenties,\\\" etc.\\n4. **Use -და-**: Connector means \\\"and\\\" in compound numbers\\n5. **Pattern is consistent**: Once you know it, it's logical and predictable\\n\\n## Common Numbers in Daily Life\\n\\n| Number | Georgian | Where You'll Use It |\\n|--------|----------|---------------------|\\n| 10 | ათი | Prices, quantities |\\n| 15 | თხუთმეტი | Minutes (quarter hour) |\\n| 20 | ოცი | Currency (20 lari bills) |\\n| 30 | ოცდაათი | Ages, temperatures |\\n| 50 | ორმოცდაათი | Prices, ages |\\n| 100 | ასი | Prices, distances |\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-num-02-teens\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Teens\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-count-10-20\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each number to its Georgian word\\n\\n- 11\\n- 15\\n- 17\\n- 19\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- 11 = თერთმეტი (tertmeti)\\n- 15 = თხუთმეტი (tkhutmeti)\\n- 17 = ჩვიდმეტი (chvidmeti)\\n- 19 = ცხრამეტი (tskhrameti)\\n\\n**Explanation:** All teen numbers end in -მეტი (meti), which relates to ათი (ten). The first part is a modified form of the base digit (1-9).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-num-02-vigesimal\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Vigesimal System\\\" skill=\\\"pattern-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-vigesimal-system\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Complete the pattern:\\n\\n- 20 = ოცი (one twenty)\\n- 40 = ___ (two twenties)\\n- 60 = ___ (three twenties)\\n- 80 = ___ (four twenties)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- 40 = ორმოცი (ormotsi) — ორ (two) + მოცი (twenty)\\n- 60 = სამოცი (samotsi) — სა (three) + მოცი (twenty)\\n- 80 = ოთხმოცი (otkhmotsi) — ოთხ (four) + მოცი (twenty)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian uses a vigesimal (base-20) counting system. Numbers 40, 60, 80 are literally \\\"two-twenty,\\\" \\\"three-twenty,\\\" and \\\"four-twenty.\\\"\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-num-02-building\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Building Numbers\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" tests=\\\"\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-build-tens\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** How would you say 35 in Georgian?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- ოცდათხუთმეტი\\n- სამოცდახუთი\\n- ოცდაათდახუთი\\n- სამოცი\\n\\n**Answer:** 1\\n\\n**Explanation:** 35 = ოცდათხუთმეტი (otsdatkhutmeti). This breaks down as: ოცდაათი (30 = \\\"twenty-and-ten\\\") + და + ხუთი (5). In numbers above 20, you add the ones digit to the base using -და-.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 3, you'll learn practical applications of Georgian numbers: prices, phone numbers, and dates. 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package/dist/lesson-02-CjWc8Ndm.js

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+const n = `---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-grammar-lesson-02
+title: "გაკვეთილი 2 — პირადი ნაცვალსახელები და ზმნა 'ვარ'"
+description: "Personal pronouns and the verb to be in Georgian"
+order: 2
+parentId: georgian-grammar
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A2
+categories:
+  - grammar
+  - pronouns
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-grammar-lesson-01
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-02-pronouns-recognize
+      description: "Recognize all six Georgian personal pronouns"
+      skill: word-recognition
+    - id: obj-02-tobe-apply
+      description: "Form sentences using the verb to be"
+      skill: pattern-application
+    - id: obj-02-tobe-produce
+      description: "Produce simple predicate sentences with pronouns and to-be"
+      skill: word-production
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Personal Pronouns and To Be
+
+## Introduction
+
+Georgian has six personal pronouns, one for each person and number. Unlike many European languages, Georgian does not distinguish grammatical gender — there is no he/she distinction in the third person singular. The pronoun **ის** (is) means both "he" and "she."
+
+The verb "to be" in Georgian is irregular and essential. It works differently from English in one important way: in the third person, it can be omitted entirely or appear as a suffix **-ა** (-a).
+
+## Personal Pronouns
+
+| Pronoun | Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |
+|---------|----------|-----------------|---------|
+| 1st sg | მე | me | I |
+| 2nd sg | შენ | shen | you (singular) |
+| 3rd sg | ის | is | he / she / it |
+| 1st pl | ჩვენ | chven | we |
+| 2nd pl | თქვენ | tkven | you (plural / formal) |
+| 3rd pl | ისინი | isini | they |
+
+Note: **თქვენ** (tkven) is also used as a polite singular "you," similar to French *vous* or German *Sie*. Addressing an elder or a stranger with თქვენ shows respect.
+
+## The Verb "To Be" — Present Tense
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-gram-02-tobe" title="To Be — Present Tense Forms"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="var" word="ვარ" pronunciation="var" meaning="I am (მე ვარ)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="xar" word="ხარ" pronunciation="khar" meaning="You are (შენ ხარ)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="aris" word="არის" pronunciation="a-ris" meaning="He/she/it is (ის არის)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="vart" word="ვართ" pronunciation="vart" meaning="We are (ჩვენ ვართ)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="xart" word="ხართ" pronunciation="khart" meaning="You are plural/formal (თქვენ ხართ)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="arian" word="არიან" pronunciation="a-ri-an" meaning="They are (ისინი არიან)"}
+
+:::
+
+## A Georgian Shortcut: Dropping the Verb
+
+In the third person, Georgians frequently drop **არის** entirely or replace it with the short suffix **-ა** attached directly to the predicate:
+
+| Full form | Short form | Meaning |
+|-----------|------------|---------|
+| ის სტუდენტია არის | ის სტუდენტია | He/she is a student |
+| ის კარგი ადამიანი არის | ის კარგი ადამიანია | He/she is a good person |
+
+The **-ა** ending on the noun or adjective carries the meaning of "is." This is very common in spoken and written Georgian.
+
+## Simple Predicate Sentences
+
+| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |
+|----------|-----------------|---------|
+| მე სტუდენტი ვარ | me studenti var | I am a student |
+| შენ ქართველი ხარ | shen kartveli khar | You are Georgian |
+| ის მასწავლებელია | is matsavlebelia | He/she is a teacher |
+| ჩვენ მეგობრები ვართ | chven megobrebi vart | We are friends |
+| თქვენ ექიმები ხართ | tkven ekimebi khart | You are doctors |
+| ისინი სტუდენტები არიან | isini studentebi arian | They are students |
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-gram-02-pronouns-recognize" type="matching" title="Match Pronouns" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-02-pronouns-recognize"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Georgian pronoun to its English meaning
+
+- მე
+- შენ
+- ის
+- ჩვენ
+- თქვენ
+- ისინი
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- მე → I
+- შენ → you (singular)
+- ის → he / she / it
+- ჩვენ → we
+- თქვენ → you (plural or formal)
+- ისინი → they
+
+**Explanation:** Georgian has no gender distinction in the third person singular — ის covers both he and she. თქვენ serves as both plural you and polite formal you.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-gram-02-tobe-apply" type="fill-in-blank" title="Complete with To Be" skill="pattern-application" objectiveId="obj-02-tobe-apply"}
+
+**Question:** Fill in the correct form of "to be"
+
+1. მე სტუდენტი ___ (I am a student)
+2. შენ ქართველი ___ (you are Georgian)
+3. ჩვენ მეგობრები ___ (we are friends)
+4. ისინი ექიმები ___ (they are doctors)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+1. მე სტუდენტი **ვარ**
+2. შენ ქართველი **ხარ**
+3. ჩვენ მეგობრები **ვართ**
+4. ისინი ექიმები **არიან**
+
+**Explanation:** The verb "to be" in Georgian changes with each person and number. Note the pattern: ვ- prefix for first person (ვარ, ვართ), and the distinct plural forms with -ან for third person plural.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-gram-02-tobe-produce" type="multiple-choice" title="Say Who You Are" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-02-tobe-produce"}
+
+**Question:** You are introducing yourself as a student. Which sentence is correct?
+
+**Options:**
+- მე სტუდენტი ხარ
+- მე სტუდენტი ვარ
+- ის სტუდენტი ვარ
+- ჩვენ სტუდენტი ვართ
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** For first person singular "I am," use **ვარ**. The subject pronoun is **მე** (I). Using ხარ would mean "you are" and ის refers to a third person. ჩვენ ვართ means "we are" — the noun would also need to be plural.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 3, you will explore the Georgian case system — specifically the nominative and ergative cases, which control how subjects are marked depending on the verb type.
+`;
+export {
+  n as default
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-02-CjWc8Ndm.js.map

package/dist/lesson-02-CjWc8Ndm.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-02-CjWc8Ndm.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-grammar-lesson-02\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 2 — პირადი ნაცვალსახელები და ზმნა 'ვარ'\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Personal pronouns and the verb to be in Georgian\\\"\\norder: 2\\nparentId: georgian-grammar\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n  - grammar\\n  - pronouns\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 30\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-grammar-lesson-01\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-02-pronouns-recognize\\n      description: \\\"Recognize all six Georgian personal pronouns\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n    - id: obj-02-tobe-apply\\n      description: \\\"Form sentences using the verb to be\\\"\\n      skill: pattern-application\\n    - id: obj-02-tobe-produce\\n      description: \\\"Produce simple predicate sentences with pronouns and to-be\\\"\\n      skill: word-production\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Personal Pronouns and To Be\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian has six personal pronouns, one for each person and number. Unlike many European languages, Georgian does not distinguish grammatical gender — there is no he/she distinction in the third person singular. The pronoun **ის** (is) means both \\\"he\\\" and \\\"she.\\\"\\n\\nThe verb \\\"to be\\\" in Georgian is irregular and essential. It works differently from English in one important way: in the third person, it can be omitted entirely or appear as a suffix **-ა** (-a).\\n\\n## Personal Pronouns\\n\\n| Pronoun | Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|---------|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| 1st sg | მე | me | I |\\n| 2nd sg | შენ | shen | you (singular) |\\n| 3rd sg | ის | is | he / she / it |\\n| 1st pl | ჩვენ | chven | we |\\n| 2nd pl | თქვენ | tkven | you (plural / formal) |\\n| 3rd pl | ისინი | isini | they |\\n\\nNote: **თქვენ** (tkven) is also used as a polite singular \\\"you,\\\" similar to French *vous* or German *Sie*. Addressing an elder or a stranger with თქვენ shows respect.\\n\\n## The Verb \\\"To Be\\\" — Present Tense\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-gram-02-tobe\\\" title=\\\"To Be — Present Tense Forms\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"var\\\" word=\\\"ვარ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"var\\\" meaning=\\\"I am (მე ვარ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"xar\\\" word=\\\"ხარ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"khar\\\" meaning=\\\"You are (შენ ხარ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"aris\\\" word=\\\"არის\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-ris\\\" meaning=\\\"He/she/it is (ის არის)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vart\\\" word=\\\"ვართ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"vart\\\" meaning=\\\"We are (ჩვენ ვართ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"xart\\\" word=\\\"ხართ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"khart\\\" meaning=\\\"You are plural/formal (თქვენ ხართ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"arian\\\" word=\\\"არიან\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-ri-an\\\" meaning=\\\"They are (ისინი არიან)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## A Georgian Shortcut: Dropping the Verb\\n\\nIn the third person, Georgians frequently drop **არის** entirely or replace it with the short suffix **-ა** attached directly to the predicate:\\n\\n| Full form | Short form | Meaning |\\n|-----------|------------|---------|\\n| ის სტუდენტია არის | ის სტუდენტია | He/she is a student |\\n| ის კარგი ადამიანი არის | ის კარგი ადამიანია | He/she is a good person |\\n\\nThe **-ა** ending on the noun or adjective carries the meaning of \\\"is.\\\" This is very common in spoken and written Georgian.\\n\\n## Simple Predicate Sentences\\n\\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| მე სტუდენტი ვარ | me studenti var | I am a student |\\n| შენ ქართველი ხარ | shen kartveli khar | You are Georgian |\\n| ის მასწავლებელია | is matsavlebelia | He/she is a teacher |\\n| ჩვენ მეგობრები ვართ | chven megobrebi vart | We are friends |\\n| თქვენ ექიმები ხართ | tkven ekimebi khart | You are doctors |\\n| ისინი სტუდენტები არიან | isini studentebi arian | They are students |\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-02-pronouns-recognize\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Pronouns\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-02-pronouns-recognize\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian pronoun to its English meaning\\n\\n- მე\\n- შენ\\n- ის\\n- ჩვენ\\n- თქვენ\\n- ისინი\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- მე → I\\n- შენ → you (singular)\\n- ის → he / she / it\\n- ჩვენ → we\\n- თქვენ → you (plural or formal)\\n- ისინი → they\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian has no gender distinction in the third person singular — ის covers both he and she. თქვენ serves as both plural you and polite formal you.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-02-tobe-apply\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Complete with To Be\\\" skill=\\\"pattern-application\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-02-tobe-apply\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Fill in the correct form of \\\"to be\\\"\\n\\n1. მე სტუდენტი ___ (I am a student)\\n2. შენ ქართველი ___ (you are Georgian)\\n3. ჩვენ მეგობრები ___ (we are friends)\\n4. ისინი ექიმები ___ (they are doctors)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. მე სტუდენტი **ვარ**\\n2. შენ ქართველი **ხარ**\\n3. ჩვენ მეგობრები **ვართ**\\n4. ისინი ექიმები **არიან**\\n\\n**Explanation:** The verb \\\"to be\\\" in Georgian changes with each person and number. Note the pattern: ვ- prefix for first person (ვარ, ვართ), and the distinct plural forms with -ან for third person plural.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-02-tobe-produce\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Say Who You Are\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-02-tobe-produce\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** You are introducing yourself as a student. Which sentence is correct?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- მე სტუდენტი ხარ\\n- მე სტუდენტი ვარ\\n- ის სტუდენტი ვარ\\n- ჩვენ სტუდენტი ვართ\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** For first person singular \\\"I am,\\\" use **ვარ**. The subject pronoun is **მე** (I). Using ხარ would mean \\\"you are\\\" and ის refers to a third person. ჩვენ ვართ means \\\"we are\\\" — the noun would also need to be plural.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 3, you will explore the Georgian case system — specifically the nominative and ergative cases, which control how subjects are marked depending on the verb type.\\n\""],"names":["lesson02"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}

package/dist/lesson-02-D6EZkoTX.js

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+const n = `---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-reading-lesson-02
+title: "გაკვეთილი 2 — ნიშნების კითხვა (Reading Signs)"
+description: "Reading Georgian signs — exit, entrance, open, closed, and everyday public text"
+order: 2
+parentId: georgian-reading
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A2
+categories:
+  - reading
+  - signs
+  - vocabulary
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-reading-lesson-01
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-read-02-read-signs
+      description: "Read and understand common Georgian public signs"
+      skill: text-decoding
+    - id: obj-read-02-sign-vocab
+      description: "Recognize key Georgian sign vocabulary on sight"
+      skill: word-recognition
+    - id: obj-read-02-context-reading
+      description: "Use context to understand unfamiliar signs"
+      skill: reading-comprehension
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Reading Signs
+
+## Introduction
+
+Signs are the first reading challenge you encounter in any new country. In Georgia, signs are written in Mkhedruli script, and recognizing them is immediately practical. This lesson covers the most common Georgian signs you will encounter in daily life.
+
+## Essential Public Signs
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-read-02-signs" title="Essential Signs"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gamosvla" word="გამოსვლა" pronunciation="ga-mos-vla" meaning="Exit"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="sesasvleli" word="შესასვლელი" pronunciation="she-sas-vle-li" meaning="Entrance"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ghia" word="ღია" pronunciation="ghi-a" meaning="Open"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="dakhuruli" word="დახურული" pronunciation="da-khu-ru-li" meaning="Closed"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="dakhmara" word="გაფრთხილება" pronunciation="ga-frt-khi-le-ba" meaning="Warning / Caution"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="akrdzaluli" word="აკრძალულია" pronunciation="ak-rdza-lu-li-a" meaning="Prohibited / Forbidden"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="upiratesi" word="უფასო" pronunciation="u-fa-so" meaning="Free (no charge)"}
+
+:::
+
+## Shop and Commercial Signs
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-read-02-shops" title="Shop Signs"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="maghazia" word="მაღაზია" pronunciation="ma-gha-zi-a" meaning="shop / store"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gaqidva" word="გაყიდვა" pronunciation="ga-yid-va" meaning="sale / for sale"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="fasebi" word="ფასები" pronunciation="fa-se-bi" meaning="prices"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="angarisheba" word="სალარო" pronunciation="sa-la-ro" meaning="cashier / checkout"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="chemi-konti" word="სასაქონლო სია" pronunciation="sa-saq-on-lo si-a" meaning="price list / inventory"}
+
+:::
+
+## Transport Signs
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-read-02-transport" title="Transport Signs"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="sadguri" word="სადგური" pronunciation="sad-gu-ri" meaning="station"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gachareba" word="გაჩერება" pronunciation="ga-che-re-ba" meaning="stop (bus stop)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="bileti-sign" word="ბილეთი" pronunciation="bi-let-i" meaning="ticket"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gasasvleli" word="გასასვლელი" pronunciation="ga-sas-vle-li" meaning="exit / way out (transport context)"}
+
+:::
+
+## Reading Sign Practice
+
+The following signs appear commonly in Tbilisi. Read each one aloud:
+
+**ღია** (ghi-a) — Open
+
+**დახურული** (da-khu-ru-li) — Closed
+
+**გამოსვლა** (ga-mos-vla) — Exit
+
+**შესასვლელი** (she-sas-vle-li) — Entrance
+
+**სალარო** (sa-la-ro) — Cashier
+
+**სადგური** (sad-gu-ri) — Station
+
+Notice that Georgian signs often use single words or short compound words. The agglutinative nature of Georgian means that one long word can carry the meaning of a full English phrase.
+
+## Analyzing a Long Sign Word
+
+Take the word **შესასვლელი** (entrance):
+
+| Part | Meaning |
+|------|---------|
+| შე- | prefix: entering direction |
+| -სა- | purpose marker |
+| -სვლ- | root: going / movement |
+| -ელი | nominal suffix |
+
+Together: "the place for entering" = entrance. Georgian is highly systematic — once you recognize word-building patterns, long words become easier to decode.
+
+## Cultural Note: Bilingual Signage
+
+In major Georgian cities and tourist areas, signs are increasingly bilingual: Georgian and English. However, in smaller towns, markets, and residential areas, signs are Georgian-only. Knowing how to read the script means you can navigate independently anywhere in the country.
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-read-02-sign-decode" type="matching" title="Match Signs to Meanings" skill="text-decoding" objectiveId="obj-read-02-read-signs"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Georgian sign to its English meaning
+
+- ღია
+- დახურული
+- გამოსვლა
+- შესასვლელი
+- უფასო
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ღია → Open
+- დახურული → Closed
+- გამოსვლა → Exit
+- შესასვლელი → Entrance
+- უფასო → Free (no charge)
+
+**Explanation:** These five signs appear on doors and storefronts everywhere in Georgia. ღია and დახურული are the most critical — they tell you instantly if a shop or office is open for business.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-read-02-sign-recognition" type="multiple-choice" title="Which Sign?" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-read-02-sign-vocab"}
+
+**Question:** You are at a train station and need to buy a ticket. Which sign do you look for?
+
+**Options:**
+- სადგური
+- გამოსვლა
+- ბილეთი
+- გაჩერება
+
+**Answer:** 3
+
+**Explanation:** ბილეთი means "ticket" — look for this sign at a ticket window or machine. სადგური is the station itself. გამოსვლა is exit. გაჩერება is a bus or tram stop.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-read-02-context" type="fill-in-blank" title="Context Reading" skill="reading-comprehension" objectiveId="obj-read-02-context-reading"}
+
+**Question:** You see a sign on a café door. What does each sign tell you?
+
+1. ღია: The café is ___
+2. დახურული: The café is ___
+3. სალარო: This is where you ___
+
+**Answer:**
+
+1. open
+2. closed
+3. pay (cashier)
+
+**Explanation:** Context makes these signs immediately practical. ღია and დახურული are the most important signs for any business. სალარო identifies the payment point — look for this when you need to pay.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 3, you will move from single words to short phrases and simple sentences in Georgian.
+`;
+export {
+  n as default
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-02-D6EZkoTX.js.map

package/dist/lesson-02-D6EZkoTX.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-02-D6EZkoTX.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-reading-lesson-02\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 2 — ნიშნების კითხვა (Reading Signs)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Reading Georgian signs — exit, entrance, open, closed, and everyday public text\\\"\\norder: 2\\nparentId: georgian-reading\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n  - reading\\n  - signs\\n  - vocabulary\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 30\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-reading-lesson-01\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-read-02-read-signs\\n      description: \\\"Read and understand common Georgian public signs\\\"\\n      skill: text-decoding\\n    - id: obj-read-02-sign-vocab\\n      description: \\\"Recognize key Georgian sign vocabulary on sight\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n    - id: obj-read-02-context-reading\\n      description: \\\"Use context to understand unfamiliar signs\\\"\\n      skill: reading-comprehension\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Reading Signs\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nSigns are the first reading challenge you encounter in any new country. In Georgia, signs are written in Mkhedruli script, and recognizing them is immediately practical. This lesson covers the most common Georgian signs you will encounter in daily life.\\n\\n## Essential Public Signs\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-read-02-signs\\\" title=\\\"Essential Signs\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gamosvla\\\" word=\\\"გამოსვლა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-mos-vla\\\" meaning=\\\"Exit\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sesasvleli\\\" word=\\\"შესასვლელი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"she-sas-vle-li\\\" meaning=\\\"Entrance\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ghia\\\" word=\\\"ღია\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ghi-a\\\" meaning=\\\"Open\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dakhuruli\\\" word=\\\"დახურული\\\" pronunciation=\\\"da-khu-ru-li\\\" meaning=\\\"Closed\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dakhmara\\\" word=\\\"გაფრთხილება\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-frt-khi-le-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"Warning / Caution\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"akrdzaluli\\\" word=\\\"აკრძალულია\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ak-rdza-lu-li-a\\\" meaning=\\\"Prohibited / Forbidden\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"upiratesi\\\" word=\\\"უფასო\\\" pronunciation=\\\"u-fa-so\\\" meaning=\\\"Free (no charge)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Shop and Commercial Signs\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-read-02-shops\\\" title=\\\"Shop Signs\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"maghazia\\\" word=\\\"მაღაზია\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ma-gha-zi-a\\\" meaning=\\\"shop / store\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gaqidva\\\" word=\\\"გაყიდვა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-yid-va\\\" meaning=\\\"sale / for sale\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"fasebi\\\" word=\\\"ფასები\\\" pronunciation=\\\"fa-se-bi\\\" meaning=\\\"prices\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"angarisheba\\\" word=\\\"სალარო\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sa-la-ro\\\" meaning=\\\"cashier / checkout\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"chemi-konti\\\" word=\\\"სასაქონლო სია\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sa-saq-on-lo si-a\\\" meaning=\\\"price list / inventory\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Transport Signs\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-read-02-transport\\\" title=\\\"Transport Signs\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sadguri\\\" word=\\\"სადგური\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sad-gu-ri\\\" meaning=\\\"station\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gachareba\\\" word=\\\"გაჩერება\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-che-re-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"stop (bus stop)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"bileti-sign\\\" word=\\\"ბილეთი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"bi-let-i\\\" meaning=\\\"ticket\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gasasvleli\\\" word=\\\"გასასვლელი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-sas-vle-li\\\" meaning=\\\"exit / way out (transport context)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Reading Sign Practice\\n\\nThe following signs appear commonly in Tbilisi. Read each one aloud:\\n\\n**ღია** (ghi-a) — Open\\n\\n**დახურული** (da-khu-ru-li) — Closed\\n\\n**გამოსვლა** (ga-mos-vla) — Exit\\n\\n**შესასვლელი** (she-sas-vle-li) — Entrance\\n\\n**სალარო** (sa-la-ro) — Cashier\\n\\n**სადგური** (sad-gu-ri) — Station\\n\\nNotice that Georgian signs often use single words or short compound words. The agglutinative nature of Georgian means that one long word can carry the meaning of a full English phrase.\\n\\n## Analyzing a Long Sign Word\\n\\nTake the word **შესასვლელი** (entrance):\\n\\n| Part | Meaning |\\n|------|---------|\\n| შე- | prefix: entering direction |\\n| -სა- | purpose marker |\\n| -სვლ- | root: going / movement |\\n| -ელი | nominal suffix |\\n\\nTogether: \\\"the place for entering\\\" = entrance. Georgian is highly systematic — once you recognize word-building patterns, long words become easier to decode.\\n\\n## Cultural Note: Bilingual Signage\\n\\nIn major Georgian cities and tourist areas, signs are increasingly bilingual: Georgian and English. However, in smaller towns, markets, and residential areas, signs are Georgian-only. Knowing how to read the script means you can navigate independently anywhere in the country.\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-02-sign-decode\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Signs to Meanings\\\" skill=\\\"text-decoding\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-02-read-signs\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian sign to its English meaning\\n\\n- ღია\\n- დახურული\\n- გამოსვლა\\n- შესასვლელი\\n- უფასო\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ღია → Open\\n- დახურული → Closed\\n- გამოსვლა → Exit\\n- შესასვლელი → Entrance\\n- უფასო → Free (no charge)\\n\\n**Explanation:** These five signs appear on doors and storefronts everywhere in Georgia. ღია and დახურული are the most critical — they tell you instantly if a shop or office is open for business.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-02-sign-recognition\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Which Sign?\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-02-sign-vocab\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** You are at a train station and need to buy a ticket. Which sign do you look for?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- სადგური\\n- გამოსვლა\\n- ბილეთი\\n- გაჩერება\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** ბილეთი means \\\"ticket\\\" — look for this sign at a ticket window or machine. სადგური is the station itself. გამოსვლა is exit. გაჩერება is a bus or tram stop.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-02-context\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Context Reading\\\" skill=\\\"reading-comprehension\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-02-context-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** You see a sign on a café door. What does each sign tell you?\\n\\n1. ღია: The café is ___\\n2. დახურული: The café is ___\\n3. სალარო: This is where you ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. open\\n2. closed\\n3. pay (cashier)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Context makes these signs immediately practical. ღია and დახურული are the most important signs for any business. სალარო identifies the payment point — look for this when you need to pay.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 3, you will move from single words to short phrases and simple sentences in Georgian.\\n\""],"names":["lesson02"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}

package/dist/lesson-02-DEX5_pni.js

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+const n = `---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-essentials-lesson-02
+title: "გაკვეთილი 2 — თავაზიანი გამოთქმები"
+description: "Polite Expressions: Please, thank you, and sorry in Georgian"
+order: 2
+parentId: georgian-essentials
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - politeness
+  - expressions
+  - basics
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-essentials-lesson-01
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-polite-thank-you
+      description: "Express thanks appropriately in Georgian"
+      skill: word-production
+    - id: obj-polite-sorry-excuse
+      description: "Apologize and get attention politely"
+      skill: polite-register
+    - id: obj-polite-please
+      description: "Use please and make polite requests"
+      skill: polite-register
+    - id: obj-polite-respond-thanks
+      description: "Respond when someone thanks you"
+      skill: situational-response
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Polite Expressions
+
+## Introduction
+
+Politeness in Georgian is expressed through specific words and through the structure of requests. Unlike Thai or Japanese, Georgian does not have grammaticalized politeness particles — instead, you choose specific vocabulary and verb forms. A few key words will take you a very long way.
+
+## Thank You
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-thanks" title="Expressing Thanks"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="madloba" word="მადლობა" pronunciation="mad-lo-ba" meaning="Thank you"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="didi-madloba" word="დიდი მადლობა" pronunciation="di-di mad-lo-ba" meaning="Thank you very much"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gmadlobt" word="გმადლობთ" pronunciation="gma-dlobt" meaning="Thank you (formal/plural)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="madlobeli-var" word="მადლობელი ვარ" pronunciation="mad-lo-be-li var" meaning="I am grateful"}
+
+:::
+
+The word **მადლობა** comes from **მადლი** (madli), meaning "grace" or "blessing." Thanking someone in Georgian is literally wishing them grace.
+
+## Responding to Thanks
+
+| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------------|---------|
+| არაფერი | a-ra-fe-ri | You're welcome / It's nothing |
+| გთხოვთ | g-tkhovt | Please / You're welcome |
+| სიამოვნებით | si-a-mov-ne-bit | With pleasure |
+| რა თქმა უნდა | ra tkh-ma un-da | Of course |
+
+## Please and Requests
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-please" title="Please and Requests"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gtkhovt" word="გთხოვთ" pronunciation="g-tkhovt" meaning="Please (formal) / I ask you"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="gtkhovs" word="გთხოვს" pronunciation="g-tkhovs" meaning="Please (informal, to one person)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="imit-gtkhov" word="ამის მომეცით" pronunciation="a-mis mo-me-tsit" meaning="Please give me this"}
+
+:::
+
+The word **გთხოვთ** comes from the verb **სთხოვა** (stkkhova), to ask or request. It is both "please" and "I ask of you."
+
+## Sorry and Excuse Me
+
+:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-sorry" title="Sorry and Excuse Me"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="bodishi" word="ბოდიში" pronunciation="bo-di-shi" meaning="Sorry / Excuse me"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="ukatsravad" word="უკაცრავად" pronunciation="u-kats-ra-vad" meaning="Excuse me (more formal)"}
+
+::vocab-item{id="mipatiet" word="მიპატიეთ" pronunciation="mi-pa-ti-et" meaning="Forgive me / I beg your pardon"}
+
+:::
+
+**ბოდიში** is the everyday word for both "sorry" and "excuse me." Use it to:
+- Apologize for a small mistake
+- Get someone's attention ("Excuse me...")
+- Pass by someone in a crowded space
+
+**უკაცრავად** is more formal and polished. Prefer it with strangers, elders, or in professional settings.
+
+## Common Polite Exchanges
+
+**Getting attention in a shop:**
+- ბოდიში, გთხოვთ... (Excuse me, please...)
+
+**Thanking someone:**
+- A: მადლობა! (Thank you!)
+- B: არაფერი! (You're welcome!)
+
+**More heartfelt thanks:**
+- A: დიდი მადლობა! (Thank you very much!)
+- B: სიამოვნებით! (With pleasure!)
+
+**Apologizing:**
+- ბოდიში, შეცდომა დავუშვი. (Sorry, I made a mistake.)
+- A: მიპატიეთ... (I beg your pardon...)
+- B: არაფერი, გასაგებია. (No problem, it's understandable.)
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **მადლობა for thanks**: Simple and always appropriate
+2. **დიდი intensifies**: დიდი მადლობა = thank you very much
+3. **ბოდიში for sorry and excuse me**: One word for both uses
+4. **არაფერი for you're welcome**: Literally "it's nothing"
+5. **გთხოვთ for formal please**: Use with strangers and elders
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-02-thank-you" type="fill-in-blank" title="Expressing Thanks" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-polite-thank-you"}
+
+**Question:** Fill in the correct Georgian expression
+
+1. Simple thank you: ___
+2. Thank you very much: ___ ___
+3. Formal thank you: ___
+
+**Answer:**
+
+1. მადლობა
+2. დიდი მადლობა
+3. გმადლობთ
+
+**Explanation:** მადლობა is the everyday word for thanks. Add დიდი (big/great) before it to intensify. გმადლობთ is the formal/plural form used with elders, strangers, or groups.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-02-sorry-excuse" type="matching" title="Sorry vs Excuse Me" skill="polite-register" objectiveId="obj-polite-sorry-excuse"}
+
+**Question:** Match the Georgian phrase to its correct use
+
+- ბოდიში (getting attention in a shop)
+- უკაცრავად (formal apology to a superior)
+- მიპატიეთ (seeking forgiveness)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ბოდიში → Everyday excuse me or sorry (getting attention)
+- უკაცრავად → Formal excuse me in professional or respectful situations
+- მიპატიეთ → Requesting forgiveness, heartfelt apology
+
+**Explanation:** ბოდიში is the most versatile — use it in most situations. უკაცრავად shows more deference. მიპატიეთ is stronger, asking for pardon.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ka-ess-02-respond-thanks" type="multiple-choice" title="Responding to Thanks" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-polite-respond-thanks"}
+
+**Question:** Someone says დიდი მადლობა to you. Which is the most natural response?
+
+**Options:**
+- გამარჯობა
+- ნახვამდის
+- სიამოვნებით
+- ბოდიში
+
+**Answer:** 3
+
+**Explanation:** სიამოვნებით means "with pleasure" and is a warm, natural response to thanks. არაფერი (it's nothing) is also correct. გამარჯობა is hello and ნახვამდის is goodbye — wrong context. ბოდიში means sorry.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 3, you will learn how to introduce yourself — your name, where you are from, and how to ask the same of others.
+`;
+export {
+  n as default
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-02-DEX5_pni.js.map

package/dist/lesson-02-DEX5_pni.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-02-DEX5_pni.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-essentials-lesson-02\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 2 — თავაზიანი გამოთქმები\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Polite Expressions: Please, thank you, and sorry in Georgian\\\"\\norder: 2\\nparentId: georgian-essentials\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - politeness\\n  - expressions\\n  - basics\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 25\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-essentials-lesson-01\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-polite-thank-you\\n      description: \\\"Express thanks appropriately in Georgian\\\"\\n      skill: word-production\\n    - id: obj-polite-sorry-excuse\\n      description: \\\"Apologize and get attention politely\\\"\\n      skill: polite-register\\n    - id: obj-polite-please\\n      description: \\\"Use please and make polite requests\\\"\\n      skill: polite-register\\n    - id: obj-polite-respond-thanks\\n      description: \\\"Respond when someone thanks you\\\"\\n      skill: situational-response\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Polite Expressions\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nPoliteness in Georgian is expressed through specific words and through the structure of requests. Unlike Thai or Japanese, Georgian does not have grammaticalized politeness particles — instead, you choose specific vocabulary and verb forms. A few key words will take you a very long way.\\n\\n## Thank You\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-thanks\\\" title=\\\"Expressing Thanks\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"madloba\\\" word=\\\"მადლობა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mad-lo-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"Thank you\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"didi-madloba\\\" word=\\\"დიდი მადლობა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"di-di mad-lo-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"Thank you very much\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gmadlobt\\\" word=\\\"გმადლობთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"gma-dlobt\\\" meaning=\\\"Thank you (formal/plural)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"madlobeli-var\\\" word=\\\"მადლობელი ვარ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mad-lo-be-li var\\\" meaning=\\\"I am grateful\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\nThe word **მადლობა** comes from **მადლი** (madli), meaning \\\"grace\\\" or \\\"blessing.\\\" Thanking someone in Georgian is literally wishing them grace.\\n\\n## Responding to Thanks\\n\\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------------|---------|\\n| არაფერი | a-ra-fe-ri | You're welcome / It's nothing |\\n| გთხოვთ | g-tkhovt | Please / You're welcome |\\n| სიამოვნებით | si-a-mov-ne-bit | With pleasure |\\n| რა თქმა უნდა | ra tkh-ma un-da | Of course |\\n\\n## Please and Requests\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-please\\\" title=\\\"Please and Requests\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gtkhovt\\\" word=\\\"გთხოვთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"g-tkhovt\\\" meaning=\\\"Please (formal) / I ask you\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gtkhovs\\\" word=\\\"გთხოვს\\\" pronunciation=\\\"g-tkhovs\\\" meaning=\\\"Please (informal, to one person)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"imit-gtkhov\\\" word=\\\"ამის მომეცით\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-mis mo-me-tsit\\\" meaning=\\\"Please give me this\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\nThe word **გთხოვთ** comes from the verb **სთხოვა** (stkkhova), to ask or request. It is both \\\"please\\\" and \\\"I ask of you.\\\"\\n\\n## Sorry and Excuse Me\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-sorry\\\" title=\\\"Sorry and Excuse Me\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"bodishi\\\" word=\\\"ბოდიში\\\" pronunciation=\\\"bo-di-shi\\\" meaning=\\\"Sorry / Excuse me\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ukatsravad\\\" word=\\\"უკაცრავად\\\" pronunciation=\\\"u-kats-ra-vad\\\" meaning=\\\"Excuse me (more formal)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"mipatiet\\\" word=\\\"მიპატიეთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mi-pa-ti-et\\\" meaning=\\\"Forgive me / I beg your pardon\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n**ბოდიში** is the everyday word for both \\\"sorry\\\" and \\\"excuse me.\\\" Use it to:\\n- Apologize for a small mistake\\n- Get someone's attention (\\\"Excuse me...\\\")\\n- Pass by someone in a crowded space\\n\\n**უკაცრავად** is more formal and polished. Prefer it with strangers, elders, or in professional settings.\\n\\n## Common Polite Exchanges\\n\\n**Getting attention in a shop:**\\n- ბოდიში, გთხოვთ... (Excuse me, please...)\\n\\n**Thanking someone:**\\n- A: მადლობა! (Thank you!)\\n- B: არაფერი! (You're welcome!)\\n\\n**More heartfelt thanks:**\\n- A: დიდი მადლობა! (Thank you very much!)\\n- B: სიამოვნებით! (With pleasure!)\\n\\n**Apologizing:**\\n- ბოდიში, შეცდომა დავუშვი. (Sorry, I made a mistake.)\\n- A: მიპატიეთ... (I beg your pardon...)\\n- B: არაფერი, გასაგებია. (No problem, it's understandable.)\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **მადლობა for thanks**: Simple and always appropriate\\n2. **დიდი intensifies**: დიდი მადლობა = thank you very much\\n3. **ბოდიში for sorry and excuse me**: One word for both uses\\n4. **არაფერი for you're welcome**: Literally \\\"it's nothing\\\"\\n5. **გთხოვთ for formal please**: Use with strangers and elders\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-02-thank-you\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Expressing Thanks\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-polite-thank-you\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Fill in the correct Georgian expression\\n\\n1. Simple thank you: ___\\n2. Thank you very much: ___ ___\\n3. Formal thank you: ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. მადლობა\\n2. დიდი მადლობა\\n3. გმადლობთ\\n\\n**Explanation:** მადლობა is the everyday word for thanks. Add დიდი (big/great) before it to intensify. გმადლობთ is the formal/plural form used with elders, strangers, or groups.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-02-sorry-excuse\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Sorry vs Excuse Me\\\" skill=\\\"polite-register\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-polite-sorry-excuse\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match the Georgian phrase to its correct use\\n\\n- ბოდიში (getting attention in a shop)\\n- უკაცრავად (formal apology to a superior)\\n- მიპატიეთ (seeking forgiveness)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ბოდიში → Everyday excuse me or sorry (getting attention)\\n- უკაცრავად → Formal excuse me in professional or respectful situations\\n- მიპატიეთ → Requesting forgiveness, heartfelt apology\\n\\n**Explanation:** ბოდიში is the most versatile — use it in most situations. უკაცრავად shows more deference. მიპატიეთ is stronger, asking for pardon.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-02-respond-thanks\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Responding to Thanks\\\" skill=\\\"situational-response\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-polite-respond-thanks\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Someone says დიდი მადლობა to you. Which is the most natural response?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- გამარჯობა\\n- ნახვამდის\\n- სიამოვნებით\\n- ბოდიში\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** სიამოვნებით means \\\"with pleasure\\\" and is a warm, natural response to thanks. არაფერი (it's nothing) is also correct. გამარჯობა is hello and ნახვამდის is goodbye — wrong context. ბოდიში means sorry.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 3, you will learn how to introduce yourself — your name, where you are from, and how to ask the same of others.\\n\""],"names":["lesson02"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}