@autoaiai/aicut 0.1.7 → 0.1.13

package/skills/aicut-motion/assets/atlas/styles/073-patent-drawing/code.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1096 @@
+{
+  // ---------- Vintage US patent drawing: "Thinking Machine" ----------
+  let budget = Infinity, used = 0;
+  const ok = () => used++ < budget;
+  const drew = () => used <= budget; // was the last budgeted mark actually inked?
+  const free = (fn) => { const u = used, b = budget; budget = Infinity; fn(); used = u; budget = b; }; // extras that ride along with it
+  const SQ = Math.sqrt;
+  const V = [1 / SQ(3), 1 / SQ(3), 1 / SQ(3)];
+  const Ln = (() => { const v = [-0.5, 0.62, 0.6], m = Math.hypot(...v); return v.map((a) => a / m); })();
+  const dot3 = (a, b) => a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2];
+
+  function path(ctx, pts, close) {
+    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(pts[0][0], pts[0][1]);
+    for (let i = 1; i < pts.length; i++) ctx.lineTo(pts[i][0], pts[i][1]);
+    if (close) ctx.closePath();
+  }
+  function stroke(ctx, pts, w = 1.2, close = false, dash) {
+    if (!pts.length || !ok()) return;
+    path(ctx, pts, close); ctx.lineWidth = w; if (dash) ctx.setLineDash(dash); ctx.stroke(); if (dash) ctx.setLineDash([]);
+  }
+  function erase(ctx, pts) {
+    ctx.save(); ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'destination-out'; path(ctx, pts, true); ctx.fill(); ctx.restore();
+  }
+  function contours(ctx, x0, y0, w, h, cell, f, lev) {
+    const nx = Math.ceil(w / cell), ny = Math.ceil(h / cell), v = new Float32Array((nx + 1) * (ny + 1));
+    for (let j = 0; j <= ny; j++) for (let i = 0; i <= nx; i++) v[j * (nx + 1) + i] = f(x0 + i * cell, y0 + j * cell) - lev;
+    ctx.beginPath();
+    for (let j = 0; j < ny; j++) for (let i = 0; i < nx; i++) {
+      const a = v[j * (nx + 1) + i], b = v[j * (nx + 1) + i + 1], cc = v[(j + 1) * (nx + 1) + i + 1], d = v[(j + 1) * (nx + 1) + i];
+      const X = x0 + i * cell, Y = y0 + j * cell, pts = [];
+      if ((a > 0) !== (b > 0)) pts.push([X + cell * a / (a - b), Y]);
+      if ((b > 0) !== (cc > 0)) pts.push([X + cell, Y + cell * b / (b - cc)]);
+      if ((d > 0) !== (cc > 0)) pts.push([X + cell * d / (d - cc), Y + cell]);
+      if ((a > 0) !== (d > 0)) pts.push([X, Y + cell * a / (a - d)]);
+      for (let k = 0; k + 1 < pts.length; k += 2) { ctx.moveTo(pts[k][0], pts[k][1]); ctx.lineTo(pts[k + 1][0], pts[k + 1][1]); }
+    }
+  }
+  function hull(pts) {
+    pts = pts.slice().sort((a, b) => a[0] - b[0] || a[1] - b[1]);
+    const cr = (o, a, b) => (a[0] - o[0]) * (b[1] - o[1]) - (a[1] - o[1]) * (b[0] - o[0]);
+    const lo = [], up = [];
+    for (const p of pts) { while (lo.length >= 2 && cr(lo[lo.length - 2], lo[lo.length - 1], p) <= 0) lo.pop(); lo.push(p); }
+    for (let i = pts.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { const p = pts[i]; while (up.length >= 2 && cr(up[up.length - 2], up[up.length - 1], p) <= 0) up.pop(); up.push(p); }
+    up.pop(); lo.pop(); return lo.concat(up);
+  }
+  // parallel hatch lines inside a clip polygon
+  function hatch(ctx, clip, ang, gap, w = 0.8, bbox, grade) {
+    if (!ok()) return;
+    ctx.save(); path(ctx, clip, true); ctx.clip();
+    let x0 = 1e9, y0 = 1e9, x1 = -1e9, y1 = -1e9;
+    for (const p of clip) { x0 = Math.min(x0, p[0]); y0 = Math.min(y0, p[1]); x1 = Math.max(x1, p[0]); y1 = Math.max(y1, p[1]); }
+    const cx = (x0 + x1) / 2, cy = (y0 + y1) / 2, R = Math.hypot(x1 - x0, y1 - y0) / 2 + 2;
+    const dx = Math.cos(ang), dy = Math.sin(ang), nx = -dy, ny = dx;
+    ctx.beginPath();
+    let o = -R;
+    while (o < R) {
+      const px = cx + nx * o, py = cy + ny * o;
+      ctx.moveTo(px - dx * R, py - dy * R); ctx.lineTo(px + dx * R, py + dy * R);
+      const u = (o + R) / (2 * R);
+      o += grade ? gap / Math.max(0.15, grade(u)) : gap;
+    }
+    ctx.lineWidth = w; ctx.stroke(); ctx.restore();
+  }
+  // graded shade lining on a vertical face: lines crowd toward the shadow (right) edge, open out toward the light
+  function vhatch(ctx, x0, x1, y0, y1, gmin, gmax, w = 0.55, xlo = -1e9) {
+    if (!ok()) return;
+    ctx.beginPath();
+    for (let x = x1 - gmin * 0.5; x > x0; ) { if (x >= xlo) { ctx.moveTo(x, y0); ctx.lineTo(x, y1); } const u = (x1 - x) / (x1 - x0); x -= gmin + (gmax - gmin) * Math.pow(u, 1.4); }
+    ctx.lineWidth = w; ctx.stroke();
+  }
+  function stipple(ctx, clip, n, dens, r, rad = 0.75) {
+    if (!ok()) return;
+    let x0 = 1e9, y0 = 1e9, x1 = -1e9, y1 = -1e9;
+    for (const p of clip) { x0 = Math.min(x0, p[0]); y0 = Math.min(y0, p[1]); x1 = Math.max(x1, p[0]); y1 = Math.max(y1, p[1]); }
+    ctx.save(); path(ctx, clip, true); ctx.clip(); ctx.beginPath();
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      const x = r.range(x0, x1), y = r.range(y0, y1);
+      if (r() < dens(x, y)) { const rr = rad * r.range(0.7, 1.25); ctx.moveTo(x + rr, y); ctx.arc(x, y, rr, 0, 6.283); }
+    }
+    ctx.fill(); ctx.restore();
+  }
+  function ring(c, axis, r, n = 64, a0 = 0, a1 = Math.PI * 2) {
+    const out = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
+      const a = a0 + (a1 - a0) * i / n, ca = Math.cos(a) * r, sa = Math.sin(a) * r;
+      if (axis === 'z') out.push([c[0] + ca, c[1] + sa, c[2]]);
+      else if (axis === 'y') out.push([c[0] + ca, c[1], c[2] + sa]);
+      else out.push([c[0], c[1] + ca, c[2] + sa]);
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+  const nrm = (axis, a) => axis === 'z' ? [Math.cos(a), Math.sin(a), 0] : axis === 'y' ? [Math.cos(a), 0, Math.sin(a)] : [0, Math.cos(a), Math.sin(a)];
+  const add = (c, axis, h) => axis === 'z' ? [c[0], c[1], c[2] + h] : axis === 'y' ? [c[0], c[1] + h, c[2]] : [c[0] + h, c[1], c[2]];
+
+  // solid of revolution: profile [[r,h],...]
+  function lathe(ctx, P, c, axis, prof, o = {}) {
+    const rings3 = prof.map(([r, h]) => ring(add(c, axis, h), axis, r, 72));
+    const all = [];
+    rings3.forEach((rg) => rg.forEach((p) => all.push(P(...p))));
+    const sil = hull(all);
+    erase(ctx, sil);
+    // shading generator lines
+    if (o.shade !== false) {
+      for (let i = 0; i < prof.length - 1; i++) {
+        if (Math.abs(prof[i][0] - prof[i + 1][0]) > Math.abs(prof[i][1] - prof[i + 1][1]) * 1.5) continue; // skip flat steps
+        let ink = 0.5;
+        ctx.beginPath(); let any = false;
+        for (let a = -Math.PI; a < Math.PI; a += 0.01) {
+          const nn = nrm(axis, a); if (dot3(nn, V) < 0.02) continue;
+          const b = dot3(nn, Ln); const sh = H.clamp((0.35 - b) * 1.35);
+          ink += sh * 0.01 * (o.dens || 34);
+          if (ink >= 1) {
+            ink -= 1; any = true;
+            const ca = Math.cos(a), sa = Math.sin(a);
+            const p1 = add(c, axis, prof[i][1]), p2 = add(c, axis, prof[i + 1][1]);
+            const off = (pp, r) => axis === 'z' ? [pp[0] + ca * r, pp[1] + sa * r, pp[2]] : axis === 'y' ? [pp[0] + ca * r, pp[1], pp[2] + sa * r] : [pp[0], pp[1] + ca * r, pp[2] + sa * r];
+            const A = P(...off(p1, prof[i][0])), B = P(...off(p2, prof[i + 1][0]));
+            ctx.moveTo(A[0], A[1]); ctx.lineTo(B[0], B[1]);
+          }
+        }
+        if (any && ok()) { ctx.lineWidth = o.hw || 0.75; ctx.stroke(); }
+      }
+    }
+    // visible rim edges (front halves)
+    rings3.forEach((rg, i) => {
+      if (o.rims && !o.rims.includes(i)) return;
+      const vis = [];
+      let seg = [];
+      for (let k = 0; k < rg.length; k++) {
+        const a = Math.PI * 2 * k / 72, nn = nrm(axis, a);
+        if (dot3(nn, V) > -0.02) seg.push(P(...rg[k])); else if (seg.length) { vis.push(seg); seg = []; }
+      }
+      if (seg.length) vis.push(seg);
+      vis.forEach((s) => stroke(ctx, s, 1.05));
+    });
+    // visible cap (full ellipse)
+    const capIdx = (axis === 'z' || axis === 'y' || axis === 'x') ? prof.length - 1 : 0;
+    if (o.cap !== false) stroke(ctx, rings3[capIdx].map((p) => P(...p)), 1.1, true);
+    // heavy shade line on lower-right silhouette
+    stroke(ctx, sil, 1.25, true);
+    const heavy = sil.filter((p) => true);
+    return sil;
+  }
+
+  function box(ctx, P, x0, x1, y0, y1, z0, z1, o = {}) {
+    const q = (pts) => pts.map((p) => P(...p));
+    const sil = q([[x0, y0, z1], [x1, y0, z1], [x1, y0, z0], [x1, y1, z0], [x0, y1, z0], [x0, y1, z1]]);
+    erase(ctx, sil);
+    const right = q([[x1, y0, z1], [x1, y1, z1], [x1, y1, z0], [x1, y0, z0]]);
+    if (o.shadeRight) hatch(ctx, right, Math.PI / 2, o.shadeRight, 0.75);
+    stroke(ctx, sil, 1.25, true);
+    stroke(ctx, q([[x0, y1, z1], [x1, y1, z1], [x1, y0, z1]]), 1.15);
+    stroke(ctx, q([[x1, y1, z1], [x1, y1, z0]]), 1.15);
+    // shade lines: heavier lower-right edges
+    stroke(ctx, q([[x1, y0, z1], [x1, y0, z0], [x1, y1, z0]]), 2.4);
+    stroke(ctx, q([[x1, y1, z0], [x0, y1, z0]]), 1.9);
+    return { sil, right, front: q([[x0, y1, z1], [x1, y1, z1], [x1, y1, z0], [x0, y1, z0]]), top: q([[x0, y0, z1], [x1, y0, z1], [x1, y1, z1], [x0, y1, z1]]) };
+  }
+
+  function catmull(pts, n = 8) {
+    const out = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < pts.length - 1; i++) {
+      const p0 = pts[Math.max(0, i - 1)], p1 = pts[i], p2 = pts[i + 1], p3 = pts[Math.min(pts.length - 1, i + 2)];
+      for (let k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+        const t = k / n, t2 = t * t, t3 = t2 * t;
+        out.push(p1.map((_, j) => 0.5 * ((2 * p1[j]) + (-p0[j] + p2[j]) * t + (2 * p0[j] - 5 * p1[j] + 4 * p2[j] - p3[j]) * t2 + (-p0[j] + 3 * p1[j] - 3 * p2[j] + p3[j]) * t3)));
+      }
+    }
+    out.push(pts[pts.length - 1]);
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  function leader(ctx, txt, tx, ty, px, py, bend = 0.18, r) {
+    if (!ok()) return;
+    const mx = (tx + px) / 2, my = (ty + py) / 2, dx = px - tx, dy = py - ty;
+    const cx = mx - dy * bend, cy = my + dx * bend;
+    const ang = Math.atan2(ty - py, tx - px);
+    const sx = tx - Math.cos(ang) * 0, sy = ty - Math.sin(ang) * 0;
+    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(sx + Math.cos(Math.atan2(cy - ty, cx - tx)) * 13, sy + Math.sin(Math.atan2(cy - ty, cx - tx)) * 11);
+    ctx.quadraticCurveTo(cx, cy, px, py); ctx.lineWidth = 0.9; ctx.stroke();
+    ctx.font = '400 17px "Libre Baskerville"'; ctx.textAlign = 'center'; ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
+    ctx.fillText(txt, tx, ty + 1);
+  }
+
+  // signature-like cursive scrawl
+  function scrawl(ctx, x, y, w, seed, h = 16) {
+    const r = H.rng(seed); ctx.beginPath();
+    let px = x, py = y; ctx.moveTo(px, py);
+    const n = Math.floor(w / 9);
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      const up = r.range(0.4, 1.0) * h * (r.chance(0.18) ? 1.7 : 1);
+      const nx = x + (i + 1) * (w / n);
+      ctx.bezierCurveTo(px + 4, py - up, nx - 6 + r.range(-3, 3), py - up * 0.9, nx - 2, y + r.range(-2, 3));
+      if (r.chance(0.2)) ctx.bezierCurveTo(nx, y + h * 0.7, nx - 7, y + h * 0.7, nx - 3, y);
+      px = nx; py = y;
+    }
+    ctx.stroke();
+  }
+
+  // laid/wove paper base, cached per size. H.paper's 4px cells carry a vertical fibre streak that read as a stretched
+  // texture (worse under the explainer's 1.3x zoom): soften it ~30% with a light blur, keep the broad mottling.
+  const PAPERS = {};
+  function paperBase(w, h) {
+    const key = w + 'x' + h; if (PAPERS[key]) return PAPERS[key];
+    const T = H.layer(w, h), tc = T.getContext('2d'); H.paper(tc, w, h, '#ece0c0', 11, 0.045);
+    const L = H.layer(w, h), c = L.getContext('2d');
+    c.fillStyle = '#ece0c0'; c.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
+    c.filter = 'blur(2.6px)'; c.drawImage(T, 0, 0); c.filter = 'none';
+    c.globalAlpha = 0.28; c.drawImage(T, 0, 0); c.globalAlpha = 1; // a little of the crisp tooth back
+    PAPERS[key] = L; return L;
+  }
+  // ===== EXPLAINER HELPERS =====
+  const PXW = 3840;
+  let PAPERW = null, INKV = null;
+  function paperWide(W, H_) {
+    if (PAPERW) return PAPERW;
+    const L = H.layer(PXW, H_), c = L.getContext('2d'), r = H.rng(1931);
+    c.drawImage(paperBase(PXW, H_), 0, 0);
+    const g = c.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 0, H_); g.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(150,100,35,0.22)'); g.addColorStop(0.3, 'rgba(150,100,35,0)'); g.addColorStop(0.7, 'rgba(150,100,35,0)'); g.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(150,100,35,0.25)');
+    c.fillStyle = g; c.fillRect(0, 0, PXW, H_);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+      const x = r() * PXW, y = r.chance(0.6) ? (r.chance(0.5) ? r() * 110 : H_ - r() * 110) : r() * H_, rad = r.range(1.5, r.chance(0.15) ? 13 : 5);
+      const fg = c.createRadialGradient(x, y, 0, x, y, rad); fg.addColorStop(0, `rgba(150,95,40,${r.range(0.18, 0.4)})`); fg.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(160,110,50,0)');
+      c.fillStyle = fg; c.beginPath(); c.arc(x, y, rad, 0, 7); c.fill();
+    }
+    c.strokeStyle = 'rgba(120,90,40,0.16)'; c.lineWidth = 1.2; c.beginPath(); c.moveTo(0, 361); c.lineTo(PXW, 357); c.stroke();
+    [1280, 2560].forEach((x) => { c.strokeStyle = 'rgba(120,90,40,0.13)'; c.beginPath(); c.moveTo(x, 0); c.lineTo(x + 3, H_); c.stroke(); c.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,250,230,0.3)'; c.beginPath(); c.moveTo(x + 2, 0); c.lineTo(x + 5, H_); c.stroke(); });
+    PAPERW = L; return L;
+  }
+  const circ = (cx, cy, rx, ry = rx, n = 40, a0 = 0, a1 = Math.PI * 2) => { const o = []; for (let k = 0; k <= n; k++) { const a = a0 + (a1 - a0) * k / n; o.push([cx + Math.cos(a) * rx, cy + Math.sin(a) * ry]); } return o; };
+  function partial(pts, p) { if (p >= 1) return pts; const n = Math.max(2, Math.round(pts.length * p)); return pts.slice(0, n); }
+  function arrowP(c, pts, p, w = 1.3, dash) {
+    if (p <= 0) return;
+    stroke(c, partial(pts, p), w, false, dash);
+    if (p >= 1 && ok()) { const a = pts[pts.length - 1], b = pts[pts.length - 2], an = Math.atan2(a[1] - b[1], a[0] - b[0]); c.beginPath(); c.moveTo(a[0], a[1]); c.lineTo(a[0] - Math.cos(an - 0.28) * 15, a[1] - Math.sin(an - 0.28) * 15); c.lineTo(a[0] - Math.cos(an + 0.28) * 15, a[1] - Math.sin(an + 0.28) * 15); c.closePath(); c.fill(); }
+  }
+  const qp = (a, m, b, n = 30) => { const o = []; for (let k = 0; k <= n; k++) { const t = k / n, u = 1 - t; o.push([u * u * a[0] + 2 * u * t * m[0] + t * t * b[0], u * u * a[1] + 2 * u * t * m[1] + t * t * b[1]]); } return o; };
+  function catLine(c, x, y, s) {
+    stroke(c, circ(x, y, 20 * s, 17 * s), 1.2, true);
+    stroke(c, [[x - 17 * s, y - 8 * s], [x - 14 * s, y - 28 * s], [x - 4 * s, y - 16 * s]], 1.2);
+    stroke(c, [[x + 17 * s, y - 8 * s], [x + 14 * s, y - 28 * s], [x + 4 * s, y - 16 * s]], 1.2);
+    stroke(c, circ(x - 7 * s, y - 3 * s, 2.4 * s), 1, true); stroke(c, circ(x + 7 * s, y - 3 * s, 2.4 * s), 1, true);
+    [[-1, 5, 3], [1, 5, 3], [-1, 9, 11], [1, 9, 11]].forEach(([sg, dy, ey]) => stroke(c, [[x + sg * 6 * s, y + dy * s], [x + sg * 27 * s, y + ey * s]], 0.8));
+    stroke(c, [[x - 3 * s, y + 4 * s], [x, y + 7 * s], [x + 3 * s, y + 4 * s]], 1);
+  }
+  function dogLine(c, x, y, s) {
+    stroke(c, circ(x, y, 19 * s, 18 * s), 1.2, true);
+    [-1, 1].forEach((sg) => { const ear = circ(x + sg * 20 * s, y, 7 * s, 15 * s); stroke(c, ear, 1.2, true); hatch(c, ear, Math.PI / 2, 2.2, 0.6); });
+    stroke(c, circ(x, y + 8 * s, 9 * s, 6 * s), 1, true);
+    if (ok()) { c.beginPath(); c.ellipse(x, y + 5 * s, 3.5 * s, 2.5 * s, 0, 0, 7); c.fill(); }
+    stroke(c, circ(x - 7 * s, y - 5 * s, 2.2 * s), 1, true); stroke(c, circ(x + 7 * s, y - 5 * s, 2.2 * s), 1, true);
+  }
+  // punched example card with a drawing and its typed label
+  function exCard(c, x, y, rot, isCat, lbl) {
+    c.save(); c.translate(x, y); c.rotate(rot);
+    const pts = [[-62, -38], [62, -38], [62, 38], [-62, 38]];
+    erase(c, pts); stroke(c, pts, 1.2, true); if (drew()) free(() => stroke(c, [[63.4, -36.5], [63.4, 39.4], [-60.5, 39.4]], 1.3)); stroke(c, [[-62, -26], [-50, -38]], 0.8);
+    (isCat ? catLine : dogLine)(c, -26, 2, 0.95);
+    if (ok()) { c.font = '400 17px "Courier Prime"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.textBaseline = 'middle'; c.fillText(lbl || (isCat ? 'cat' : 'dog'), 30, 0); }
+    stroke(c, [[10, 12], [50, 12]], 0.7);
+    for (let k = 0; k < 6; k++) if (ok()) { c.beginPath(); c.rect(14 + k * 7, 24, 3, 6); c.fill(); }
+    c.restore();
+  }
+  // odometer: row of digit drums
+  function odo(c, x, y, str, roll = 0, rollFrom = 0) {
+    let cx = x, di = -1;
+    for (const ch of str) {
+      if (ch === ',' || ch === '%') { if (ok()) { c.font = '700 26px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.textBaseline = 'middle'; c.fillText(ch, cx + 7, y + (ch === ',' ? 14 : 2)); } cx += ch === ',' ? 14 : 30; continue; }
+      di++; const rl = di >= rollFrom ? roll : 0;
+      const b = [[cx, y - 22], [cx + 28, y - 22], [cx + 28, y + 22], [cx, y + 22]];
+      erase(c, b); stroke(c, b, 1.2, true); if (drew()) free(() => stroke(c, [[cx + 29.3, y - 21], [cx + 29.3, y + 23.3], [cx + 1, y + 23.3]], 1.1));
+      hatch(c, [[cx, y - 22], [cx + 28, y - 22], [cx + 28, y - 14], [cx, y - 14]], 0, 2, 0.5); hatch(c, [[cx, y + 14], [cx + 28, y + 14], [cx + 28, y + 22], [cx, y + 22]], 0, 2, 0.5);
+      if (ok()) { c.save(); c.beginPath(); c.rect(cx, y - 14, 28, 28); c.clip(); c.font = '700 24px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.textBaseline = 'middle'; c.fillText(ch, cx + 14, y + 1 - rl * 28); if (rl) c.fillText(String((+ch + 1) % 10), cx + 14, y + 29 - rl * 28); c.restore(); }
+      cx += 32;
+    }
+    return cx;
+  }
+  function labelL(c, txt, tx, ty, px, py, bend = 0.15, p = 1, size = 28) {
+    if (p <= 0 || !ok()) return;
+    const mx = (tx + px) / 2, my = (ty + py) / 2, dx = px - tx, dy = py - ty, cx = mx - dy * bend, cy = my + dx * bend;
+    const above = txt && py < ty - size * 0.5;
+    const L = qp([tx + Math.sign(dx) * 6, above ? ty - size * 0.95 : ty + 10], [cx, cy], [px, py], 20);
+    stroke(c, partial(L, H.clamp(p * 1.4)), 0.9);
+    c.font = `italic 400 ${size}px "Libre Baskerville"`; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic'; c.fillText(txt, tx, ty);
+  }
+  function redPencil(ctx, pts, p, seed) {
+    if (p <= 0) return; const r = H.rng(seed); const P = partial(pts, p);
+    ctx.save(); ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(178,52,40,0.85)'; ctx.lineCap = 'round'; ctx.lineJoin = 'round';
+    [2.6, 1.2].forEach((w, k) => { ctx.lineWidth = w; ctx.beginPath(); P.forEach((q, i) => { const x = q[0] + r.range(-0.7, 0.7) + k * 1.2, y = q[1] + r.range(-0.7, 0.7) + k * 0.8; i ? ctx.lineTo(x, y) : ctx.moveTo(x, y); }); ctx.stroke(); });
+    ctx.restore();
+  }
+
+  // ===== END EXPLAINER HELPERS =====
+  registerStyle({
+    id: 'patent-drawing',
+    name: 'Patent Drawing',
+    category: 'Illustration',
+    description: 'A 1930s US patent sheet: ruling-pen black ink line art with shade lines, parallel-line and stipple shading, section hatching, reference numerals on curved leaders, typeset header and inked signatures on yellowed paper.',
+    motion: 'Lines are inked one stroke at a time like a draughtsman at work — outlines first, then hatching, then numerals — while the FIG. 3 gear train slowly turns.',
+    fonts: ['400 17px "Libre Baskerville"', '700 26px "Libre Baskerville"', 'italic 400 15px "Libre Baskerville"', 'italic 400 34px "Cormorant Garamond"', '600 15px "Cormorant Garamond"'],
+    frameT: 6.4,
+    duration: 6.5,
+    readsPixels: true,
+    draw(ctx, W, H_, t) {
+      used = 0; budget = t >= 5 ? Infinity : Math.floor(Math.max(0, t - 0.25) * 158);
+      const r = H.rng(1931);
+      // slow documentary push-in toward FIG. 1
+      const zm = 1 + 0.018 * H.ease.inOut(H.clamp(t / 6.5));
+      ctx.translate(640, 360); ctx.scale(zm, zm); ctx.translate(-640, -360);
+      // ---------- paper ----------
+      ctx.drawImage(paperBase(W, H_), 0, 0);
+      const nz = H.makeNoise(77);
+      // age toning at edges
+      const g = ctx.createRadialGradient(W / 2, H_ / 2, 260, W / 2, H_ / 2, 820);
+      g.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(160,120,50,0)'); g.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(150,100,35,0.38)');
+      ctx.fillStyle = g; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, H_);
+      // tide stain bottom-left
+      ctx.save(); ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'multiply';
+      for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        const sg = ctx.createRadialGradient(40, 700, 10, 40, 700, 260 - i * 50);
+        sg.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(190,150,80,0.10)'); sg.addColorStop(0.92, 'rgba(180,135,60,0.12)'); sg.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(180,135,60,0)');
+        ctx.fillStyle = sg; ctx.fillRect(0, 380, 320, 340);
+      }
+      // foxing spots
+      for (let i = 0; i < 70; i++) {
+        let x = r() * W, y = r() * H_;
+        if (r.chance(0.6)) { if (r.chance(0.5)) x = r.chance(0.5) ? r() * 160 : W - r() * 160; else y = r.chance(0.5) ? r() * 110 : H_ - r() * 110; }
+        const rad = r.range(1.5, r.chance(0.15) ? 14 : 5);
+        const fg = ctx.createRadialGradient(x, y, 0, x, y, rad);
+        fg.addColorStop(0, `rgba(150,95,40,${r.range(0.18, 0.4)})`); fg.addColorStop(0.6, 'rgba(160,110,50,0.12)'); fg.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(160,110,50,0)');
+        ctx.fillStyle = fg; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(x, y, rad, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
+      }
+      ctx.restore();
+      // fold crease
+      ctx.save();
+      ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(120,90,40,0.16)'; ctx.lineWidth = 1.2; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, 361); ctx.lineTo(W, 357); ctx.stroke();
+      ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,250,230,0.35)'; ctx.lineWidth = 1.4; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(0, 363.5); ctx.lineTo(W, 359.5); ctx.stroke();
+      ctx.restore();
+
+      // ---------- ink layer ----------
+      const L = H.layer(W, H_), c = L.getContext('2d');
+      c.strokeStyle = '#000'; c.fillStyle = '#000'; c.lineCap = 'round'; c.lineJoin = 'round';
+
+      // border + header
+      stroke(c, [[18, 18], [W - 18, 18], [W - 18, H_ - 18], [18, H_ - 18]], 1.6, true);
+      stroke(c, [[23, 23], [W - 23, 23], [W - 23, H_ - 23], [23, H_ - 23]], 0.7, true);
+      c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+      if (ok()) {
+        c.font = '400 15px "Libre Baskerville"';
+        c.textAlign = 'left'; c.fillText('Dec. 5, 1933.', 48, 52);
+        c.textAlign = 'right'; c.fillText('Patent No. 1,938,412', W - 48, 52);
+        c.textAlign = 'center';
+        c.font = '400 15px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.fillText('E.  M.  HOLLOWAY', W / 2, 52);
+        c.font = '700 19px "Libre Baskerville"';
+        const title = 'THINKING  MACHINE'; c.fillText(title.split('').join(String.fromCharCode(8202)), W / 2, 78);
+        c.font = 'italic 400 13px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.fillText('Filed Aug. 2, 1931', W / 2, 98);
+        c.textAlign = 'right'; c.font = '400 13px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.fillText('2 Sheets-Sheet 1', W - 48, 78);
+      }
+
+      // ================= FIG. 1 : the machine (isometric) =================
+      const s = 1.16, ox = 322, oy = 338, cs = Math.cos(Math.PI / 6), sn = 0.5;
+      const P = (x, y, z) => [ox + (x - y) * cs * s, oy + (x + y) * sn * s - z * s];
+      const q = (pts) => pts.map((p) => P(...p));
+      const X1 = 230, Y1 = 130, Z1 = 150;
+
+      // plinth
+      box(c, P, -12, X1 + 12, -12, Y1 + 12, -20, 0, { shadeRight: 3.2 });
+      // plinth front moulding line
+      stroke(c, q([[-12, Y1 + 12, -6], [X1 + 12, Y1 + 12, -6], [X1 + 12, -12, -6]]), 0.8);
+      // cabinet
+      const cab = box(c, P, 0, X1, 0, Y1, 0, Z1, { shadeRight: 4.2 });
+      // top lid lip
+      stroke(c, q([[0, Y1, Z1 - 7], [X1, Y1, Z1 - 7], [X1, 0, Z1 - 7]]), 0.9);
+
+      // --- front panel (y = Y1) ---
+      const FY = Y1;
+      stroke(c, q([[14, FY, 16], [X1 - 14, FY, 16], [X1 - 14, FY, 132], [14, FY, 132]]), 1.0, true);
+      stroke(c, q([[19, FY, 21], [X1 - 19, FY, 21], [X1 - 19, FY, 127], [19, FY, 127]]), 0.7, true);
+      // panel bevel shading (lower and right inner strip)
+      hatch(c, q([[14, FY, 16], [X1 - 14, FY, 16], [X1 - 19, FY, 21], [19, FY, 21]]), Math.PI / 2, 2.2, 0.6);
+      // dials
+      const dials = [[58, 102], [115, 102], [172, 102]];
+      dials.forEach(([dx, dz], i) => {
+        const rim = q(ring([dx, FY + 3, dz], 'y', 19, 60));
+        erase(c, rim);
+        lathe(c, P, [dx, FY, dz], 'y', [[20, 0], [20, 3], [17, 3.5]], { cap: true, dens: 26 });
+        stroke(c, q(ring([dx, FY + 3.6, dz], 'y', 14.5, 60)), 0.7, true);
+        // ticks
+        c.beginPath();
+        for (let k = 0; k <= 10; k++) {
+          const a = Math.PI * (1.15 + 0.07 * k * 1.0) + Math.PI * 0.02;
+          const aa = Math.PI * 0.85 + k * (Math.PI * 1.3 / 10);
+          const p1 = P(dx + Math.cos(aa) * 13.5, FY + 3.6, dz - Math.sin(aa) * 13.5), p2 = P(dx + Math.cos(aa) * (k % 5 ? 11.5 : 10), FY + 3.6, dz - Math.sin(aa) * (k % 5 ? 11.5 : 10));
+          c.moveTo(p1[0], p1[1]); c.lineTo(p2[0], p2[1]);
+        }
+        if (ok()) { c.lineWidth = 0.7; c.stroke(); }
+        const na = Math.PI * 0.85 + (0.25 + 0.5 * (0.5 + 0.5 * Math.sin(t * 1.3 + i * 2))) * Math.PI * 1.3;
+        stroke(c, [P(dx, FY + 3.8, dz), P(dx + Math.cos(na) * 12, FY + 3.8, dz - Math.sin(na) * 12)], 1.4);
+        const hp = P(dx, FY + 3.8, dz); if (ok()) { c.beginPath(); c.arc(hp[0], hp[1], 2, 0, 7); c.fill(); }
+      });
+      // keys row
+      for (let k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
+        const kx = 34 + k * 23;
+        lathe(c, P, [kx, FY, 66], 'y', [[6.2, 0], [6.2, 7], [7.4, 7.5], [7.4, 10]], { dens: 30 });
+      }
+      // tape slot
+      stroke(c, q([[78, FY, 28], [152, FY, 28], [152, FY, 36], [78, FY, 36]]), 1.1, true);
+      if (ok()) { path(c, q([[80, FY, 30], [150, FY, 30], [150, FY, 34], [80, FY, 34]]), true); c.fill(); }
+      // screws in corners
+      [[10, 8], [X1 - 10, 8], [10, Z1 - 16], [X1 - 10, Z1 - 16]].forEach(([sx, sz]) => {
+        const sc = q(ring([sx, FY, sz], 'y', 3, 20)); stroke(c, sc, 0.8, true);
+        stroke(c, [P(sx - 2, FY, sz - 1), P(sx + 2, FY, sz + 1)], 0.8);
+      });
+
+      // --- right face (x = X1): louvres + crank ---
+      for (let k = 0; k < 6; k++) {
+        const z = 18 + k * 7.5;
+        const sl = q([[X1, 18, z], [X1, 62, z], [X1, 62, z + 3.6], [X1, 18, z + 3.6]]);
+        erase(c, sl); if (ok()) { path(c, sl, true); c.fill(); }
+      }
+      // hidden shaft (dashed)
+      stroke(c, [P(X1, 92, 92), P(X1 - 120, 92, 92)], 0.8, false, [6, 4]);
+      lathe(c, P, [X1, 92, 92], 'x', [[17, 0], [17, 6], [11, 6], [11, 12]], { dens: 24 });
+      // crank arm
+      const ca0 = P(X1 + 12, 92, 92);
+      const ang = -2.3 + t * 0.6;
+      const ce = [X1 + 14, 92 + Math.cos(ang) * 34, 92 + Math.sin(ang) * 34];
+      const pa = P(X1 + 12, 92, 92), pb = P(...ce);
+      {
+        const dx = pb[0] - pa[0], dy = pb[1] - pa[1], m = Math.hypot(dx, dy), nx = -dy / m * 5, ny = dx / m * 5;
+        const arm = [[pa[0] + nx, pa[1] + ny], [pb[0] + nx * 0.7, pb[1] + ny * 0.7], [pb[0] - nx * 0.7, pb[1] - ny * 0.7], [pa[0] - nx, pa[1] - ny]];
+        erase(c, arm); stroke(c, arm, 1.2, true);
+        hatch(c, arm, Math.atan2(dy, dx), 2.2, 0.6);
+      }
+      lathe(c, P, [X1 + 14, ce[1], ce[2]], 'x', [[4.5, 0], [4.5, 4], [3.6, 4], [3.6, 26], [4.2, 27], [2, 30]], { dens: 40 });
+
+      // --- top: tubes + dome ---
+      const tube = (tx, ty) => {
+        lathe(c, P, [tx, ty, Z1], 'z', [[12, 0], [12, 9], [9, 9]], { dens: 30 });
+        const prof = [[8.5, 9], [9, 14], [9, 40]];
+        for (let a = 0.2; a <= Math.PI / 2; a += 0.2) prof.push([9 * Math.cos(a), 40 + 9 * Math.sin(a)]);
+        prof.push([0.01, 49]);
+        lathe(c, P, [tx, ty, Z1], 'z', prof, { rims: [], cap: false, dens: 18 });
+        // inner plate (seen through glass)
+        stroke(c, q([[tx - 4, ty + 4, Z1 + 18], [tx - 4, ty + 4, Z1 + 36]]), 0.7);
+        stroke(c, q([[tx + 4, ty - 4, Z1 + 18], [tx + 4, ty - 4, Z1 + 36]]), 0.7);
+        stroke(c, q([[tx - 4, ty + 4, Z1 + 36], [tx + 4, ty - 4, Z1 + 36]]), 0.7);
+        stroke(c, q([[tx, ty, Z1 + 36], [tx, ty, Z1 + 47]]), 0.6);
+        // glass glint
+        const g1 = P(tx - 5, ty + 6, Z1 + 38), g2 = P(tx - 5, ty + 6, Z1 + 22);
+        stroke(c, [[g1[0] - 1, g1[1]], [g2[0] - 1, g2[1]]], 0.6);
+      };
+      tube(30, 22); tube(205, 26);
+
+      // dome base
+      const DC = [115, 65, Z1];
+      lathe(c, P, DC, 'z', [[60, 0], [60, 10], [56, 10], [56, 16], [52, 16]], { dens: 30 });
+      // glass dome (hemisphere)
+      const prof = [];
+      const JH = 38; prof.push([52, 16]);
+      for (let a = 0; a <= Math.PI / 2 + 0.001; a += Math.PI / 24) prof.push([52 * Math.cos(a) + 0.01, 16 + JH + 52 * Math.sin(a)]);
+      const dome = (() => {
+        const all = [];
+        prof.forEach(([rr, h]) => ring([DC[0], DC[1], Z1 + h], 'z', rr, 72).forEach((p) => all.push(P(...p))));
+        return hull(all);
+      })();
+      erase(c, dome);
+      // brain inside dome (side view)
+      const bc = P(115, 65, Z1 + 62);
+      const brx = 50 * s, bry = 33 * s;
+      const brain = [];
+      for (let k = 0; k < 120; k++) {
+        const a = k / 120 * Math.PI * 2;
+        let x = Math.cos(a), y = Math.sin(a);
+        if (y > 0) y *= 0.78 - 0.18 * Math.max(0, -x) ; // flatter base, frontal tuck
+        if (x > 0.2 && y > 0) y *= 0.92;
+        if (y < 0) y *= 1 + 0.08 * Math.cos(a * 2 + 0.6);
+        const w = 1 + 0.025 * Math.sin(a * 11) + 0.015 * Math.sin(a * 23 + 1);
+        brain.push([bc[0] + x * brx * w, bc[1] + y * bry * w]);
+      }
+      // cerebellum (back-bottom) + stem
+      const cbc = [bc[0] + brx * 0.48, bc[1] + bry * 0.62];
+      const cereb = ring([cbc[0], cbc[1], 0], 'z', 1, 50).map((p3) => [cbc[0] + (p3[0] - cbc[0]) * 22 * s * 0.9, cbc[1] + (p3[1] - cbc[1]) * 12 * s * 0.9]);
+      const stemTop = [bc[0] + brx * 0.18, bc[1] + bry * 0.5], stemBot = [bc[0] + brx * 0.22, P(115, 65, Z1 + 16)[1] + 4];
+      // electrode stalks
+      [[-0.5, 8], [0.62, 10]].forEach(([ex, ey]) => {
+        const top = [bc[0] + ex * brx, bc[1] + bry * 0.55], bot = [bc[0] + ex * brx * 1.2, P(115, 65, Z1 + 16)[1] + ey];
+        stroke(c, [top, bot], 1.4);
+        c.beginPath(); for (let k = 0; k < 6; k++) { const yy = H.lerp(top[1] + 8, bot[1] - 5, k / 6); const xx = H.lerp(top[0], bot[0], k / 6); c.moveTo(xx - 4, yy); c.lineTo(xx + 4, yy + 2.5); }
+        if (ok()) { c.lineWidth = 0.8; c.stroke(); }
+      });
+      {
+        const st = [[stemTop[0] - 7, stemTop[1]], [stemTop[0] + 7, stemTop[1]], [stemBot[0] + 6, stemBot[1]], [stemBot[0] - 6, stemBot[1]]];
+        erase(c, st); stroke(c, [st[0], st[3]], 1.2); stroke(c, [st[1], st[2]], 1.6);
+        hatch(c, st, Math.PI / 2 + 0.05, 2.0, 0.55);
+      }
+      erase(c, cereb);
+      if (ok()) {
+        c.save(); path(c, cereb, true); c.clip(); c.beginPath();
+        for (let k = -6; k <= 6; k++) { const yy = cbc[1] + k * 2.3; c.moveTo(cbc[0] - 30, yy + 4); c.quadraticCurveTo(cbc[0], yy - 3, cbc[0] + 30, yy + 2); }
+        c.lineWidth = 0.6; c.stroke(); c.restore();
+      }
+      stroke(c, cereb, 1.2, true);
+      erase(c, brain);
+      // gyri: contour lines of a domain-warped stripe field
+      if (ok()) {
+        c.save(); path(c, brain, true); c.clip();
+        const bn = H.makeNoise(5);
+        const f = (x, y) => {
+          const u = (x - bc[0]) / brx, v = (y - bc[1]) / bry;
+          const rr = Math.hypot(u * 1.0, v * 1.25);
+          const wx = 6 * bn.fbm2(x * 0.03, y * 0.03, 2), wy = 6 * bn.fbm2(x * 0.03 + 7, y * 0.03 + 3, 2);
+          return bn.n2((x + wx) * 0.105, (y + wy) * 0.15) + 0.12 * Math.sin(u * 3);
+        };
+        contours(c, bc[0] - brx - 4, bc[1] - bry - 6, brx * 2 + 8, bry * 2 + 10, 1.8, f, 0.04);
+        c.lineWidth = 1.15; c.stroke();
+        contours(c, bc[0] - brx - 4, bc[1] - bry - 6, brx * 2 + 8, bry * 2 + 10, 1.8, f, -0.2);
+        c.lineWidth = 0.6; c.stroke();
+        // lateral (Sylvian) fissure + central sulcus
+        c.beginPath(); c.moveTo(bc[0] - brx * 0.55, bc[1] + bry * 0.32); c.bezierCurveTo(bc[0] - brx * 0.2, bc[1] + bry * 0.05, bc[0] + brx * 0.1, bc[1] - bry * 0.02, bc[0] + brx * 0.38, bc[1] - bry * 0.12);
+        c.moveTo(bc[0] - brx * 0.02, bc[1] - bry * 0.98); c.bezierCurveTo(bc[0] + brx * 0.06, bc[1] - bry * 0.5, bc[0] - brx * 0.08, bc[1] - bry * 0.3, bc[0] + brx * 0.02, bc[1] + bry * 0.05);
+        c.lineWidth = 1.7; c.stroke();
+        c.restore();
+        stipple(c, brain, 2200, (x, y) => { const u = (x - bc[0]) / brx, v = (y - bc[1]) / bry; return H.clamp((Math.hypot(u, v) - 0.55) * 1.6) * H.clamp(0.25 + 0.6 * (u * 0.4 + v)) * 0.9; }, H.rng(9), 0.7);
+      }
+      stroke(c, brain, 1.5, true);
+      // dome outline + glass glints
+      stroke(c, dome, 1.35, true);
+      {
+        // glass glints: vertical strokes on the jar's left wall + arcs on the crown
+        const glL = (h0, h1, aa) => { const p0 = P(115 + Math.cos(aa) * 50, 65 + Math.sin(aa) * 50, Z1 + h0), p1 = P(115 + Math.cos(aa) * 50, 65 + Math.sin(aa) * 50, Z1 + h1); return [p0, p1]; };
+        [[2.2, 24, 70], [2.32, 28, 64], [2.44, 34, 60]].forEach(([aa, h0, h1]) => stroke(c, glL(h0, h1, aa), 0.8));
+        const cc0 = P(115, 65, Z1 + 16 + JH);
+        c.beginPath();
+        for (let k = 0; k < 3; k++) { const rr = 50 * s * 1.06 - k * 5; c.moveTo(cc0[0] + Math.cos(Math.PI * 1.18) * rr, cc0[1] + Math.sin(Math.PI * 1.18) * rr); c.arc(cc0[0], cc0[1], rr, Math.PI * 1.18, Math.PI * (1.42 - k * 0.04)); }
+        if (ok()) { c.lineWidth = 0.8; c.stroke(); }
+        // glass edge stipple on the shadow side
+        stipple(c, dome, 1800, (x, y) => H.clamp((x - (cc0[0] + 30)) / 40) * 0.35, H.rng(4), 0.6);
+        // hidden far rim of base seen through glass (dashed)
+        const far = []; for (let k = 0; k <= 36; k++) { const a = Math.PI * 0.75 + k / 36 * Math.PI; far.push(P(115 + Math.cos(a) * 52, 65 + Math.sin(a) * 52, Z1 + 16)); }
+        stroke(c, far, 0.6, false, [4, 3]);
+      }
+      // top knob on dome
+      lathe(c, P, [115, 65, Z1 + 16 + JH + 51], 'z', [[6, 0], [6, 5], [2.5, 5], [2.5, 11], [5, 12], [0.1, 16]], { dens: 30 });
+
+      // cable from dome base to right tube
+      {
+        const p0 = P(160, 70, Z1 + 6), p1 = P(205, 38, Z1 + 4);
+        c.beginPath(); c.moveTo(p0[0], p0[1]); c.bezierCurveTo(p0[0] + 30, p0[1] + 6, p1[0] - 10, p1[1] + 22, p1[0] - 2, p1[1] + 6);
+        if (ok()) { c.lineWidth = 3.4; c.stroke(); c.save(); c.globalCompositeOperation = 'destination-out'; c.lineWidth = 1.4; c.stroke(); c.restore(); }
+      }
+
+      // --- punched tape ---
+      {
+        const cl = catmull([[130, 32], [160, 31.5], [186, 24], [204, 6], [214, -10], [226, -20], [258, -20], [282, -17], [292, -6], [286, 4], [272, 0], [272, -12]], 10);
+        const xa = 88, xb = 142;
+        for (let i = 0; i < cl.length - 1; i++) {
+          const [y0, z0] = cl[i], [y1, z1] = cl[i + 1];
+          const quad = q([[xa, y0, z0], [xb, y0, z0], [xb, y1, z1], [xa, y1, z1]]);
+          const cr = (quad[1][0] - quad[0][0]) * (quad[3][1] - quad[0][1]) - (quad[1][1] - quad[0][1]) * (quad[3][0] - quad[0][0]);
+          erase(c, quad.map((p, j) => [p[0] + (j < 2 ? -0.3 : 0.3), p[1]]));
+          if (cr < 0) hatch(c, quad, 0.52, 2.2, 0.55); // underside
+          else if (i % 2 === 0) {
+            // punched holes: 5 lanes
+            const tr = H.rng(100 + i);
+            c.beginPath();
+            for (let ln = 0; ln < 6; ln++) {
+              if (ln === 2) { const pp = P(H.lerp(xa, xb, 0.42), (y0 + y1) / 2, (z0 + z1) / 2); c.moveTo(pp[0] + 0.9, pp[1]); c.arc(pp[0], pp[1], 0.9, 0, 7); continue; }
+              if (tr.chance(0.5)) { const pp = P(H.lerp(xa + 6, xb - 6, ln / 5), (y0 + y1) / 2, (z0 + z1) / 2); c.moveTo(pp[0] + 2, pp[1]); c.ellipse(pp[0], pp[1], 2.1, 1.6, 0, 0, 7); }
+            }
+            if (ok()) c.fill();
+          }
+          stroke(c, [quad[0], quad[3]], 1.1); stroke(c, [quad[1], quad[2]], 1.1);
+          if (i === cl.length - 2) stroke(c, [quad[2], quad[3]], 1.1);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // ---- FIG.1 numerals ----
+      c.fillStyle = '#000';
+      const L1 = [
+        ['10', P(8, Y1, 140), -62, -18, 0.15],
+        ['12', P(70, 40, Z1 + 60), -82, -20, -0.15],
+        ['14', [0, 0], 0, 0, 0],
+        ['16', P(58, Y1 + 3, 118), -84, -6, 0.18],
+        ['18', P(34, Y1 + 10, 60), -66, 26, -0.15],
+        ['20', P(128, 262, -20), 66, 52, 0.15],
+        ['22', P(X1 + 26, ce[1], ce[2]), 66, -30, 0.2],
+        ['24', P(212, 30, Z1 + 40), 60, -42, 0.2],
+        ['26', P(X1, 40, 22), 78, 44, 0.2],
+        ['28', P(X1 + 12, 70, -16), 56, 60, -0.18],
+      ];
+      L1[2] = ['14', [bc[0] - brx * 0.35, bc[1] - bry * 0.55], -58, -92, 0.12];
+      L1.forEach(([n, p, dx, dy, b]) => leader(c, n, p[0] + dx, p[1] + dy, p[0], p[1], b, r));
+      // section line 2—2 through tube 24
+      {
+        const a = P(205, 26, Z1 + 25);
+        stroke(c, [[a[0] - 30, a[1]], [a[0] - 14, a[1]]], 1.3); stroke(c, [[a[0] + 14, a[1]], [a[0] + 30, a[1]]], 1.3);
+        if (ok()) {
+          [[a[0] - 30, -1], [a[0] + 30, -1]].forEach(([x]) => { c.beginPath(); c.moveTo(x, a[1]); c.lineTo(x, a[1] - 9); c.stroke(); c.beginPath(); c.moveTo(x - 3, a[1] - 5); c.lineTo(x, a[1] - 10); c.lineTo(x + 3, a[1] - 5); c.fill(); });
+          c.font = '400 13px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('2', a[0] - 30, a[1] + 13); c.fillText('2', a[0] + 30, a[1] + 13);
+        }
+      }
+      if (ok()) { c.font = '700 26px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'left'; c.fillText('FIG. 1.', 470, 668); }
+
+      // ================= FIG. 2 : section of cerebral valve =================
+      const cx = 872, sy = 1.0;
+      const env = (y) => { // outer half width
+        if (y >= 440) return 50; if (y >= 405) return H.lerp(50, 62, (440 - y) / 35);
+        if (y >= 262) return 62; const u = (262 - y) / 104; return 62 * SQ(Math.max(0, 1 - u * u));
+      };
+      const outer = [], inner = [];
+      for (let y = 440; y >= 158; y -= 3) outer.push([cx + env(y), y]);
+      for (let y = 158; y <= 440; y += 3) outer.push([cx - env(y), y]);
+      for (let y = 436; y >= 164; y -= 3) inner.push([cx + Math.max(0, env(y) - 4.5), y]);
+      for (let y = 164; y <= 436; y += 3) inner.push([cx - Math.max(0, env(y) - 4.5), y]);
+      // glass wall (section) — thin, lightly stippled
+      stroke(c, outer, 1.4, true); stroke(c, inner, 0.9, true);
+      // tip pip
+      stroke(c, [[cx - 4, 160], [cx - 3, 148], [cx, 145], [cx + 3, 148], [cx + 4, 160]], 1.1);
+      // base (bakelite) cross-hatched section
+      const base = [[cx - 66, 440], [cx + 66, 440], [cx + 66, 486], [cx + 60, 494], [cx - 60, 494], [cx - 66, 486]];
+      stroke(c, base, 1.4, true);
+      hatch(c, base, Math.PI / 4, 6, 0.7); hatch(c, base, -Math.PI / 4, 6, 0.7);
+      // pins
+      [-38, -14, 14, 38].forEach((px, i) => {
+        const pin = [[cx + px - 4.5, 494], [cx + px + 4.5, 494], [cx + px + 4.5, 528], [cx + px, 534], [cx + px - 4.5, 528]];
+        erase(c, pin); stroke(c, pin, 1.2, true);
+        hatch(c, pin, Math.PI / 4, 2.6, 0.6);
+      });
+      // stem press
+      const press = [[cx - 30, 440], [cx + 30, 440], [cx + 16, 404], [cx + 16, 388], [cx - 16, 388], [cx - 16, 404]];
+      stroke(c, press, 1.1, true);
+      stipple(c, press, 900, () => 0.35, H.rng(21), 0.6);
+      // lead wires
+      [-38, -14, 14, 38].forEach((px, i) => {
+        const tx2 = [-44, -28, 0, 44][i];
+        stroke(c, [[cx + px, 494], [cx + px * 0.5, 440], [cx + tx2 * 0.25, 404], [cx + tx2, 378]], 0.9);
+      });
+      // micas
+      [[222, 228], [372, 378]].forEach(([a, b]) => {
+        const m = [[cx - 55, a], [cx + 55, a], [cx + 55, b], [cx - 55, b]];
+        erase(c, m); stroke(c, m, 1.0, true);
+        stipple(c, m, 500, () => 0.5, H.rng(a), 0.55);
+      });
+      // plate walls sectioned
+      [[-48, -40], [40, 48]].forEach(([a, b]) => {
+        const pl = [[cx + a, 236], [cx + b, 236], [cx + b, 364], [cx + a, 364]];
+        stroke(c, pl, 1.3, true); hatch(c, pl, Math.PI / 4, 3.4, 0.7);
+      });
+      // plate top/bottom tabs
+      stroke(c, [[cx - 44, 236], [cx - 44, 228]], 1); stroke(c, [[cx + 44, 236], [cx + 44, 228]], 1);
+      stroke(c, [[cx - 44, 364], [cx - 44, 372]], 1); stroke(c, [[cx + 44, 364], [cx + 44, 372]], 1);
+      // grid side rods + helix wire sections
+      stroke(c, [[cx - 30, 222], [cx - 30, 378]], 0.9); stroke(c, [[cx + 30, 222], [cx + 30, 378]], 0.9);
+      if (ok()) {
+        c.beginPath();
+        for (let y = 242; y <= 360; y += 7.5) { [cx - 26, cx + 26].forEach((x) => { c.moveTo(x + 2.2, y); c.arc(x, y, 2.2, 0, 7); }); }
+        c.fill();
+        // helix visible behind (thin diagonal)
+        c.beginPath(); for (let y = 242; y <= 352; y += 7.5) { c.moveTo(cx - 24, y); c.lineTo(cx + 24, y + 3.7); }
+        c.lineWidth = 0.4; c.setLineDash([2, 2.5]); c.stroke(); c.setLineDash([]);
+      }
+      // cathode
+      [[-7, -3], [3, 7]].forEach(([a, b]) => { const k = [[cx + a, 230], [cx + b, 230], [cx + b, 370], [cx + a, 370]]; if (ok()) { path(c, k, true); c.fill(); } });
+      stroke(c, (() => { const z = []; for (let y = 236; y <= 364; y += 8) { z.push([cx - 1.6, y]); z.push([cx + 1.6, y + 4]); } return z; })(), 0.7);
+      // getter
+      stroke(c, [[cx, 222], [cx, 204]], 0.9);
+      const get = [[cx - 12, 196], [cx + 12, 196], [cx + 9, 204], [cx - 9, 204]]; stroke(c, get, 1.1, true); hatch(c, get, Math.PI / 4, 2.4, 0.6);
+      // center line (dash-dot)
+      stroke(c, [[cx, 128], [cx, 552]], 0.6, false, [16, 4, 2, 4]);
+      // numerals
+      [['30', cx + 112, 196, [cx + 47, 215], 0.15], ['32', cx + 112, 268, [cx + 45, 280], -0.1], ['34', cx - 112, 300, [cx - 27, 302], 0.12],
+       ['36', cx - 112, 220, [cx - 5, 250], -0.15], ['38', cx + 112, 372, [cx + 52, 375], 0.1], ['40', cx + 112, 470, [cx + 54, 470], -0.12],
+       ['42', cx - 96, 545, [cx - 38, 520], 0.15], ['44', cx - 82, 168, [cx - 10, 199], -0.12]]
+        .forEach(([n, tx, ty, p, b]) => leader(c, n, tx, ty, p[0], p[1], b, r));
+      if (ok()) { c.font = '700 26px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('FIG. 2.', cx, 590); }
+
+      // ================= FIG. 3 : gear train =================
+      const gear = (gx, gy, R, n, th, holes, spokes) => {
+        const pts = [], p = Math.PI * 2 / n, Ro = R + 5.5, Rr = R - 6;
+        for (let k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+          const a = th + k * p;
+          [[a - 0.27 * p, Rr], [a - 0.15 * p, Ro], [a + 0.15 * p, Ro], [a + 0.27 * p, Rr], [a + 0.5 * p, Rr]].forEach(([aa, rr]) => pts.push([gx + Math.cos(aa) * rr, gy + Math.sin(aa) * rr]));
+        }
+        erase(c, pts); stroke(c, pts, 1.3, true);
+        // rim
+        const rim = ring([gx, gy, 0], 'z', R - 14, 64).map((p3) => [p3[0], p3[1]]);
+        stroke(c, rim, 1.0, true);
+        // shading on rim (concentric lines lower-right)
+        c.save(); path(c, pts, true); c.clip();
+        c.beginPath(); for (let k = 1; k < 4; k++) { c.moveTo(gx + Math.cos(-0.3) * (R - 14 + k * 2.4), gy + Math.sin(-0.3) * (R - 14 + k * 2.4)); c.arc(gx, gy, R - 14 + k * 2.4, -0.3, 1.9); }
+        if (ok()) { c.lineWidth = 0.6; c.stroke(); } c.restore();
+        // hub
+        stroke(c, ring([gx, gy, 0], 'z', 15, 40).map((p3) => [p3[0], p3[1]]), 1.1, true);
+        const bore = ring([gx, gy, 0], 'z', 6.5, 30).map((p3) => [p3[0], p3[1]]);
+        if (ok()) { path(c, bore, true); c.fill(); }
+        // spokes / holes
+        if (spokes) {
+          for (let k = 0; k < spokes; k++) {
+            const a = th * 1 + k * Math.PI * 2 / spokes, ca = Math.cos(a), sa = Math.sin(a), nx = -sa * 4.5, ny = ca * 4.5;
+            const sp = [[gx + ca * 15 + nx, gy + sa * 15 + ny], [gx + ca * (R - 14) + nx, gy + sa * (R - 14) + ny], [gx + ca * (R - 14) - nx, gy + sa * (R - 14) - ny], [gx + ca * 15 - nx, gy + sa * 15 - ny]];
+            stroke(c, [sp[0], sp[1]], 1.0); stroke(c, [sp[2], sp[3]], 1.6);
+          }
+          // fill openings between spokes with dark? keep open (paper)
+        } else {
+          for (let k = 0; k < holes; k++) {
+            const a = th + k * Math.PI * 2 / holes + 0.4, hr = (R - 14 + 15) / 2;
+            const hc = ring([gx + Math.cos(a) * hr, gy + Math.sin(a) * hr, 0], 'z', (R - 14 - 15) / 2 - 3, 28).map((p3) => [p3[0], p3[1]]);
+            stroke(c, hc, 1.0, true);
+            c.save(); path(c, hc, true); c.clip(); c.beginPath(); const hx = gx + Math.cos(a) * hr, hy = gy + Math.sin(a) * hr; c.arc(hx - 1.4, hy - 1.4, (R - 14 - 15) / 2 - 3, -2.2, -0.2); if (ok()) { c.lineWidth = 2.2; c.stroke(); } c.restore();
+          }
+        }
+        // pitch circle dash-dot
+        stroke(c, ring([gx, gy, 0], 'z', R, 90).map((p3) => [p3[0], p3[1]]), 0.5, true, [12, 3, 2, 3]);
+        stroke(c, [[gx - R - 16, gy], [gx + R + 16, gy]], 0.5, false, [12, 3, 2, 3]);
+        stroke(c, [[gx, gy - R - 16], [gx, gy + R + 16]], 0.5, false, [12, 3, 2, 3]);
+      };
+      const g1 = [1108, 228], R1 = 62, n1 = 24, R2 = 40, n2 = 16, al = 1.15;
+      const g2 = [g1[0] + Math.cos(al) * (R1 + R2), g1[1] + Math.sin(al) * (R1 + R2)];
+      const th1 = t * 0.35, th2 = al + Math.PI + Math.PI / n2 - (th1 - al) * n1 / n2;
+      gear(g2[0], g2[1], R2, n2, th2, 4, 0);
+      gear(g1[0], g1[1], R1, n1, th1, 0, 5);
+      [['46', g1[0] - 98, g1[1] - 70, [g1[0] - 44, g1[1] - 44], 0.15], ['48', g2[0] + 74, g2[1] + 42, [g2[0] + 30, g2[1] + 22], -0.15], ['50', g1[0] + 94, g1[1] - 60, [g1[0] + 9, g1[1] - 9], 0.1]]
+        .forEach(([n, tx, ty, p, b]) => leader(c, n, tx, ty, p[0], p[1], b, r));
+      if (ok()) { c.font = '700 26px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('FIG. 3.', 1112, 428); }
+
+      // ================= signatures =================
+      if (ok()) {
+        c.textAlign = 'left';
+        c.font = '600 15px "Cormorant Garamond"'; c.fillText('INVENTOR.', 1012, 540);
+        c.font = '600 15px "Cormorant Garamond"'; c.fillText('BY', 1012, 636);
+        c.font = '600 15px "Cormorant Garamond"'; c.fillText('ATTORNEYS.', 1150, 664);
+        // witnesses
+        c.fillText('WITNESSES:', 54, 628);
+      }
+
+      // ---------- composite ink onto paper ----------
+      ctx.save();
+      ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'multiply';
+      ctx.filter = 'blur(1.1px)'; ctx.globalAlpha = 0.28; ctx.drawImage(L, 0, 0);
+      ctx.filter = 'none'; ctx.globalAlpha = 0.9; ctx.drawImage(L, 0, 0);
+      ctx.restore();
+      // re-tint ink to warm iron-black & add slight unevenness
+      const img = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, W, H_), d = img.data;
+      for (let i = 0; i < d.length; i += 4) {
+        const lum = (d[i] + d[i + 1] + d[i + 2]) / 3;
+        if (lum < 150) {
+          const p = i / 4, x = p % W, y = (p / W) | 0;
+          const k = 1 - lum / 150;
+          const v = 0.82 + 0.18 * (nz.n2(x * 0.03, y * 0.03) * 0.5 + 0.5);
+          d[i] = H.lerp(d[i], 30, k * 0.4) + (1 - v) * 40 * k; d[i + 1] = H.lerp(d[i + 1], 24, k * 0.4) + (1 - v) * 34 * k; d[i + 2] = H.lerp(d[i + 2], 18, k * 0.4) + (1 - v) * 24 * k;
+        }
+      }
+      ctx.putImageData(img, 0, 0);
+      // hand-signed names in brown iron-gall ink (separate from the printed drawing)
+      if (t > 4.7) {
+        ctx.save(); ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(52,34,20,0.9)'; ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(52,34,20,0.85)'; ctx.lineCap = 'round';
+        // each signature is written on left-to-right (pen speed ~ 0.6 s per name)
+        const sign = (txt, x, y, size, sk, flo, t0) => {
+          const pr = H.clamp((t - t0) / 0.6); if (pr <= 0) return;
+          ctx.save(); ctx.font = `italic 400 ${size}px "Cormorant Garamond"`;
+          const w = ctx.measureText(txt).width;
+          ctx.beginPath(); ctx.rect(x - 30, y - size * 1.2, (w + 60) * pr, size * 2); ctx.clip();
+          ctx.save(); ctx.translate(x, y); ctx.transform(1, 0, sk, 1, 0, 0);
+          ctx.fillText(txt, 0, 0); ctx.globalAlpha = 0.5; ctx.fillText(txt, 0.6, 0.3); ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
+          ctx.restore();
+          if (flo) { ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(x - 6, y + 9); ctx.bezierCurveTo(x + w * 0.3, y + 16, x + w * 0.8, y + 2, x + w + 8, y + 6); ctx.bezierCurveTo(x + w + 18, y + 8, x + w + 4, y + 16, x + w - 10, y + 13); ctx.lineWidth = 1.2; ctx.stroke(); }
+          ctx.restore();
+        };
+        sign('Elias M. Holloway', 1008, 590, 36, -0.34, true, 4.7);
+        sign('Pell & Garrow', 1040, 640, 24, -0.32, false, 5.2);
+        sign('J. R. Whitcomb', 70, 662, 24, -0.32, true, 4.9);
+        sign('Ada L. Pryor', 64, 692, 22, -0.22, false, 5.3);
+        ctx.restore();
+      }
+      H.grain(ctx, W, H_, 0.05, 13 + Math.floor(t * 12));
+    },
+    // ===== EXPLAINER =====
+    explainerDuration: 14.5,
+    explainerNote: 'The camera travels along one long patent sheet as FIG. 4–6 are inked stroke by stroke: ruled arrows and leader lines tie labels to parts, odometer drums count the examples and the accuracy, and an examiner\'s red pencil rings the wrong guess and the 97%.',
+    explainer(ctx, W, H_, t) {
+      // camera along the sheet
+      const K = [[0, 640, 360, 1], [6.0, 640, 360, 1], [6.8, 1280 + 690, 400, 1.3], [10.3, 1280 + 690, 400, 1.3], [11.0, 2560 + 640, 360, 1], [99, 2560 + 640, 360, 1]];
+      let ki = 0; while (ki < K.length - 2 && t > K[ki + 1][0]) ki++;
+      const ke = H.ease.inOut(H.clamp((t - K[ki][0]) / (K[ki + 1][0] - K[ki][0])));
+      const ccx = H.lerp(K[ki][1], K[ki + 1][1], ke), ccy = H.lerp(K[ki][2], K[ki + 1][2], ke), cz = H.lerp(K[ki][3], K[ki + 1][3], ke);
+      ctx.drawImage(paperWide(W, H_), ccx - W / 2 / cz, ccy - H_ / 2 / cz, W / cz, H_ / cz, 0, 0, W, H_);
+      const Lr = H.layer(W, H_), c = Lr.getContext('2d');
+      c.setTransform(cz, 0, 0, cz, W / 2 - ccx * cz, H_ / 2 - ccy * cz); c.strokeStyle = '#000'; c.fillStyle = '#000'; c.lineCap = 'round'; c.lineJoin = 'round';
+      const fig = (t0, rate) => { used = 0; budget = t < t0 ? 0 : Math.floor((t - t0) * rate); };
+      const after = (t0) => H.clamp(t - t0);
+      fig(0, 1e9);
+      stroke(c, [[18, 18], [PXW - 18, 18], [PXW - 18, H_ - 18], [18, H_ - 18]], 1.6, true);
+      stroke(c, [[23, 23], [PXW - 23, 23], [PXW - 23, H_ - 23], [23, H_ - 23]], 0.7, true);
+      c.font = '400 15px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+      c.textAlign = 'left'; c.fillText('Dec. 5, 1933.', 48, 52);
+      c.textAlign = 'right'; c.fillText('Patent No. 1,938,413', 1232, 52);
+      [['2', 1280], ['3', 2560]].forEach(([n, x]) => { c.textAlign = 'right'; c.font = '400 13px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.fillText(`3 Sheets-Sheet ${n}`, x + 1232, 52); });
+      c.textAlign = 'right'; c.font = '400 13px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.fillText('3 Sheets-Sheet 1', 1232, 78);
+
+      // ===== BEAT 1: the question, lettered large, then set into the title slot =====
+      {
+        const k = H.ease.inOut(H.clamp((t - 1.35) / 0.85));
+        const x = 640, y = H.lerp(350, 78, k), sc = H.lerp(1, 19 / 50, k);
+        c.save(); c.translate(x, y); c.scale(sc, sc);
+        c.font = '700 50px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+        const txt = 'HOW  DOES  AI  LEARN?', w = c.measureText(txt).width;
+        c.save(); c.beginPath(); c.rect(-w / 2 - 10, -60, (w + 20) * H.clamp(t / 1.0), 90); c.clip(); c.fillText(txt, 0, 0); c.restore();
+        if (k < 1) { c.lineWidth = 1.2; const pr = H.clamp((t - 0.9) / 0.4); c.beginPath(); c.moveTo(-w / 2, 16); c.lineTo(-w / 2 + w * pr, 16); c.stroke(); c.beginPath(); c.moveTo(-w / 2, 22); c.lineTo(-w / 2 + w * pr, 22); c.lineWidth = 0.6; c.stroke(); }
+        c.restore();
+        if (k >= 1) { c.font = '400 15px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('E.  M.  HOLLOWAY', 640, 52); c.font = 'italic 400 13px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.fillText('Filed Aug. 2, 1931', 640, 98); }
+      }
+
+      // ===== BEAT 2: FIG. 4 — the example hopper =====
+      fig(2.25, 140);
+      {
+        // card tray (stack of examples)
+        const tray = [[140, 470], [420, 470], [420, 560], [140, 560]];
+        stroke(c, tray, 1.3, true);
+        if (drew()) free(() => { // hero conventions: shade line on the lower/right edges, a drawer pull
+          stroke(c, [[420, 470], [420, 560], [140, 560]], 2.4);
+          stroke(c, circ(280, 520, 13, 9, 20, Math.PI, Math.PI * 2), 1.1); stroke(c, [[264, 520], [296, 520]], 1.1);
+        });
+        hatch(c, [[400, 470], [420, 470], [420, 560], [400, 560]], Math.PI / 2, 3, 0.6);
+        if (drew()) free(() => vhatch(c, 366, 420, 470, 560, 2.2, 9));
+        for (let k = 0; k < 7; k++) stroke(c, [[150 + k * 3, 466 - k * 9], [410 + k * 3, 466 - k * 9]], 1);
+        exCard(c, 220, 404, -0.06, true); exCard(c, 340, 410, 0.05, false);
+        // hopper + cabinet (front elevation)
+        const hop = [[600, 220], [900, 220], [790, 340], [710, 340]];
+        stroke(c, hop, 1.4, true);
+        if (drew()) free(() => {
+          stroke(c, [[616, 231], [884, 231]], 0.8); // the far rim seen inside the mouth
+          stipple(c, [[616, 231], [884, 231], [793, 336], [707, 336]], 2600, (x, y) => H.clamp((y - 231) / 105) * 0.55 + H.clamp((x - 760) / 120) * 0.3, H.rng(43), 0.62);
+          stroke(c, [[900, 220], [790, 340]], 2.4); // shade line on the lit hopper's shadow side
+        });
+        hatch(c, [[860, 220], [900, 220], [790, 340], [770, 340]], Math.PI / 2, 2.6, 0.6);
+        const cab = [[620, 340], [880, 340], [880, 590], [620, 590]];
+        stroke(c, cab, 1.4, true); stroke(c, [[880, 340], [880, 590], [620, 590]], 2.4);
+        hatch(c, [[858, 340], [880, 340], [880, 590], [858, 590]], Math.PI / 2, 3, 0.6);
+        if (drew()) free(() => { vhatch(c, 800, 880, 340, 418, 2.2, 11); vhatch(c, 800, 880, 482, 590, 2.2, 11); vhatch(c, 800, 880, 418, 482, 2.2, 11, 0.55, 869); });
+        stroke(c, [[600, 590], [900, 590], [900, 612], [600, 612]], 1.2, true); hatch(c, [[600, 590], [900, 590], [900, 612], [600, 612]], Math.PI / 4, 4, 0.6);
+        if (drew()) free(() => { hatch(c, [[600, 590], [900, 590], [900, 612], [600, 612]], -Math.PI / 4, 4, 0.5); stroke(c, [[900, 590], [900, 612], [600, 612]], 2.2); });
+        // odometer window
+        stroke(c, [[632, 418], [868, 418], [868, 482], [632, 482]], 1.2, true);
+        if (drew()) free(() => { stroke(c, [[632, 418], [868, 418]], 2.2); stroke(c, [[632, 418], [632, 482]], 2.2); }); // a recessed window: shade on its upper/left reveal
+        const e = H.ease.inOut(H.clamp((t - 2.9) / 2.7)), v = t < 2.9 ? 0 : Math.round(Math.pow(10, 6 * e)) * (e > 0.999 ? 1 : 1);
+        const val = e >= 1 ? 1000000 : Math.min(999999, v);
+        const s7 = String(val).padStart(7, '0'), str = s7[0] + ',' + s7.slice(1, 4) + ',' + s7.slice(4);
+        odo(c, 640, 450, str, e > 0 && e < 1 ? ((t * 9) % 1) : 0, 7 - String(val).length + 1); // leading zeros and the leading digit hold still
+        if (ok()) { c.font = '400 13px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('EXAMPLES', 750, 506); }
+        // gears glimpsed through a port
+        stroke(c, circ(750, 548, 22), 1, true); if (drew()) free(() => stroke(c, circ(750, 548, 23.2, 23.2, 20, -0.9, 0.9 + Math.PI * 0.6), 1.8)); stroke(c, circ(750, 548, 5), 1, true);
+        for (let k = 0; k < 8; k++) { const a = k / 8 * Math.PI * 2 + t * 2; stroke(c, [[750 + Math.cos(a) * 6, 548 + Math.sin(a) * 6], [750 + Math.cos(a) * 20, 548 + Math.sin(a) * 20]], 0.8); }
+        // flow arrow
+        arrowP(c, qp([300, 330], [420, 170], [610, 210]), H.clamp((t - 2.9) / 0.5), 1.4);
+        if (t > 3.3 && ok()) { c.font = 'italic 400 28px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('training data', 430, 188); }
+        // labels landing
+        if (t > 2.9 && ok()) { c.font = '700 64px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic'; c.fillText(val.toLocaleString('en-US'), 1070, 300); c.font = 'italic 400 30px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.fillText('examples', 1070, 344); stroke(c, [[915, 318], [1225, 318]], 0.8); }
+        labelL(c, '', 915, 320, 868, 452, 0.15, after(3.0) * 2.5); // ties the big number to the drums
+        labelL(c, 'labels', 200, 296, 240, 404, -0.2, after(3.5) * 2.5);
+        if (ok()) { c.font = '700 26px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('FIG. 4.', 1060, 640); }
+      }
+      // cards in flight (drawn without budget, on top)
+      if (t > 2.7 && t < 6.2) {
+        used = 0; budget = 1e9;
+        const path = qp([300, 380], [440, 120], [750, 236], 60);
+        for (let k = 0; k < 5; k++) {
+          const u = ((t - 2.7) * 1.3 - k * 0.2); if (u < 0 || u > 1) continue;
+          const uf = u - Math.floor(u), i = Math.min(59, Math.floor(uf * 60)), p = path[i], q = path[i + 1];
+          if (uf > 0.95) continue;
+          exCard(c, p[0], p[1], Math.atan2(q[1] - p[1], q[0] - p[0]) * 0.4, (k + Math.floor((t - 2.7) * 1.3)) % 2 === 0);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // ===== BEAT 3: FIG. 5 — guess, check, adjust =====
+      const O = 1280;
+      fig(6.25, 170);
+      {
+        const cab = [[O + 430, 290], [O + 760, 290], [O + 760, 560], [O + 430, 560]];
+        stroke(c, cab, 1.4, true); stroke(c, [[O + 760, 290], [O + 760, 560], [O + 430, 560]], 2.4);
+        hatch(c, [[O + 738, 290], [O + 760, 290], [O + 760, 560], [O + 738, 560]], Math.PI / 2, 3, 0.6);
+        if (drew()) free(() => vhatch(c, O + 716, O + 760, 290, 560, 2.2, 10));
+        stroke(c, [[O + 410, 560], [O + 780, 560], [O + 780, 584], [O + 410, 584]], 1.2, true);
+        if (drew()) free(() => { const bs = [[O + 410, 560], [O + 780, 560], [O + 780, 584], [O + 410, 584]]; hatch(c, bs, Math.PI / 4, 4, 0.6); hatch(c, bs, -Math.PI / 4, 4, 0.5); stroke(c, [[O + 780, 560], [O + 780, 584], [O + 410, 584]], 2.2); });
+        if (ok()) { c.font = '400 13px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('MODEL', O + 595, 318); }
+        // input slot + output window
+        stroke(c, [[O + 430, 380], [O + 444, 380], [O + 444, 440], [O + 430, 440]], 1.2);
+        if (drew()) free(() => { stroke(c, [[O + 431, 381], [O + 443, 381]], 2.2); hatch(c, [[O + 430, 380], [O + 444, 380], [O + 444, 440], [O + 430, 440]], Math.PI / 2, 2.2, 0.5); });
+        const ow = [[O + 760, 330], [O + 960, 330], [O + 960, 400], [O + 760, 400]];
+        stroke(c, ow, 1.3, true);
+        if (drew()) free(() => stroke(c, [[O + 960, 330], [O + 960, 400], [O + 762, 400]], 2.4)); // shade line on the viewer's lower/right edges
+        // knobs (weights)
+        const tq = Math.floor(t * 12) / 12;
+        [0, 1, 2].forEach((i) => {
+          const kx = O + 510 + i * 85, ky = 470;
+          stroke(c, circ(kx, ky, 26), 1.3, true); stroke(c, circ(kx, ky, 20), 0.8, true);
+          hatch(c, circ(kx, ky, 26, 26, 20, -0.4, 1.6), Math.PI / 4, 2.4, 0.5);
+          if (drew()) free(() => {
+            stroke(c, circ(kx, ky, 27.2, 27.2, 20, -0.5, 1.9), 2); // shade line round the knob's lower right
+            const cast = circ(kx + 4, ky + 4, 27, 27, 24, -0.5, 2.1).concat(circ(kx, ky, 27, 27, 24, 2.1, -0.5));
+            stipple(c, cast, 520, (x, y) => H.clamp(1.15 - Math.hypot(x - kx, y - ky) / 31) * 0.95 + 0.25, H.rng(60 + i), 0.5); // fine-dot shadow on the face
+          });
+          const a0 = [-2.2, -0.6, -1.5][i], a1 = [-0.9, -2.3, -0.4][i], a = a0 + (a1 - a0) * H.ease.inOut(H.clamp((tq - 8.75 - i * 0.12) / 0.5));
+          stroke(c, [[kx, ky], [kx + Math.cos(a) * 19, ky + Math.sin(a) * 19]], 2.2);
+          for (let k = 0; k < 9; k++) { const aa = -Math.PI + k / 8 * Math.PI; stroke(c, [[kx + Math.cos(aa) * 29, ky + Math.sin(aa) * 29], [kx + Math.cos(aa) * 34, ky + Math.sin(aa) * 34]], 0.7); }
+        });
+        if (ok()) { c.font = '700 26px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('FIG. 5.', O + 640, 650); }
+      }
+      // input card slides into the slot
+      if (t > 6.5) { used = 0; budget = 1e9; const k = H.ease.out(H.clamp((t - 6.5) / 0.6)); exCard(c, O + H.lerp(170, 360, k), 410, 0, true, '?'); if (ok()) { c.font = 'italic 400 28px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('new picture', O + H.lerp(170, 360, k), 482); } }
+      fig(6.25, 1e9);
+      {
+        // guess in the window
+        const right = t > 9.35;
+        if (t > 7.15) {
+          c.font = '700 30px "Courier Prime"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.textBaseline = 'middle';
+          c.save(); c.beginPath(); c.rect(O + 762, 332, 196 * H.clamp((t - (right ? 9.35 : 7.15)) / 0.35), 66); c.clip();
+          c.fillText(right ? 'cat' : 'dog?', O + 840, 366);
+          c.restore();
+          if (right && t > 9.65) stroke(c, [[O + 895, 364], [O + 908, 380], [O + 940, 344]], 3.2);
+          c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+        }
+        labelL(c, 'Guess', O + 880, 250, O + 860, 330, 0.2, after(7.25) * 3, 32);
+        // check: reference tag vs guess
+        const tag = [[O + 985, 440], [O + 1152, 440], [O + 1152, 500], [O + 985, 500], [O + 968, 470]];
+        if (t > 7.5) {
+          stroke(c, tag, 1.3, true); if (drew()) free(() => stroke(c, [[O + 1153.4, 441], [O + 1153.4, 501.4], [O + 986, 501.4]], 1.4));
+          stroke(c, circ(O + 983, 470, 5), 1, true); c.font = '700 22px "Courier Prime"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.textBaseline = 'middle'; c.fillText('label: cat', O + 1071, 471); c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+        }
+        arrowP(c, qp([O + 930, 401], [O + 932, 452], [O + 962, 466]), H.clamp((t - 7.45) / 0.3), 1.4);
+        labelL(c, 'Check', O + 1110, 586, O + 1095, 502, -0.2, after(7.6) * 3, 32);
+        if (t > 7.8 && !right) { const p = H.clamp((t - 7.8) / 0.25); stroke(c, partial([[O + 800, 340], [O + 920, 394]], p), 4.5); stroke(c, partial([[O + 920, 340], [O + 800, 394]], H.clamp(p * 2 - 1)), 4.5); }
+        // error signal travels back to the knobs
+        const fb = qp([O + 1100, 440], [O + 1080, 160], [O + 640, 200], 40).concat(qp([O + 640, 200], [O + 560, 220], [O + 560, 430], 20));
+        arrowP(c, fb, H.clamp((t - 8.25) / 0.5), 1.4, [10, 6]);
+        if (t > 8.4) { const pk = fb[Math.min(fb.length - 1, Math.floor(H.clamp((t - 8.25) / 0.5) * fb.length))]; c.font = 'italic 400 28px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('error signal', O + 960, 188); if (t < 8.9) { c.beginPath(); c.arc(pk[0], pk[1], 6, 0, 7); c.fill(); } }
+        labelL(c, 'Adjust', O + 330, 606, O + 488, 492, 0.2, after(8.6) * 3, 32);
+        // loop return arrow (adjust -> guess again)
+        arrowP(c, qp([O + 700, 520], [O + 820, 540], [O + 850, 404]), H.clamp((t - 9.15) / 0.3), 1.4);
+      }
+
+      // ===== BEAT 4: FIG. 6 — accuracy over training rounds =====
+      const G = 2560;
+      fig(10.75, 260);
+      {
+        const ox = G + 180, oy = 540, gw = 640, gh = 380;
+        arrowP(c, [[ox, oy + 10], [ox, oy - gh - 10]], 1); arrowP(c, [[ox - 10, oy], [ox + gw + 20, oy]], 1);
+        for (let k = 1; k <= 5; k++) { stroke(c, [[ox, oy - k * gh / 5], [ox + gw, oy - k * gh / 5]], 0.5, false, [2, 5]); stroke(c, [[ox - 8, oy - k * gh / 5], [ox, oy - k * gh / 5]], 1); }
+        for (let k = 1; k <= 8; k++) stroke(c, [[ox + k * gw / 8, oy], [ox + k * gw / 8, oy + 8]], 1);
+        if (ok()) { c.font = '400 13px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'right'; c.textBaseline = 'middle'; [50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100].forEach((v, k) => c.fillText(v + '%', ox - 12, oy - k * gh / 5)); c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.font = '400 22px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.fillText('TRAINING  ROUNDS', ox + gw / 2, oy + 38); c.save(); c.translate(ox - 64, oy - gh / 2); c.rotate(-Math.PI / 2); c.fillText('ACCURACY', 0, 0); c.restore(); }
+        if (ok()) { c.font = '700 26px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.fillText('FIG. 6.', G + 1150, 600); }
+        used = 0; budget = 1e9;
+        const acc = (u) => 61 + 36 * (1 - Math.pow(1 - u, 2.3)), pr = H.clamp((t - 11.0) / 1.5);
+        const pts = []; for (let k = 0; k <= 60; k++) { const u = k / 60 * pr; pts.push([ox + u * gw, oy - (acc(u) - 50) / 50 * gh]); }
+        if (pr > 0) {
+          const area = pts.concat([[pts[pts.length - 1][0], oy], [ox, oy]]);
+          hatch(c, area, Math.PI / 2, 4, 0.6); stroke(c, pts, 2.2);
+          const tip = pts[pts.length - 1]; stroke(c, circ(tip[0], tip[1], 6), 1.4, true);
+          for (let k = 1; k <= 8; k++) { const u = k / 8; if (u <= pr) stroke(c, circ(ox + u * gw, oy - (acc(u) - 50) / 50 * gh, 3.5), 1, true); }
+          const v = Math.round(acc(pr));
+          c.font = 'italic 400 36px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'left'; c.fillText('Accuracy', G + 925, 214);
+          c.save(); c.translate(G + 925, 300); c.scale(2.8, 2.8); odo(c, 0, 0, String(v) + '%', 0); c.restore();
+          labelL(c, '', G + 930, 236, tip[0] + 6, tip[1] - 4, 0.2, 0);
+        }
+      }
+      // ===== BEAT 5: the claim =====
+      if (t > 13.0) {
+        const txt = 'I claim: More examples  →  better guesses.', n = Math.floor(H.clamp((t - 13.0) / 0.7) * txt.length);
+        c.font = 'italic 400 44px "Libre Baskerville"'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+        const full = c.measureText(txt).width; c.textAlign = 'left'; c.fillText(txt.slice(0, n), G + 640 - full / 2, 640);
+        if (t > 13.75) stroke(c, [[G + 640 - full / 2, 652], [G + 640 - full / 2 + full * H.clamp((t - 13.75) / 0.3), 652]], 1.4);
+      }
+      // composite ink (warm iron-black) onto the paper
+      c.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0); c.globalCompositeOperation = 'source-in'; c.fillStyle = '#1e1810'; c.fillRect(0, 0, W, H_);
+      ctx.save(); ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'multiply';
+      ctx.filter = 'blur(1.1px)'; ctx.globalAlpha = 0.28; ctx.drawImage(Lr, 0, 0); ctx.filter = 'none'; ctx.globalAlpha = 0.95; ctx.drawImage(Lr, 0, 0);
+      ctx.restore();
+      // examiner's red pencil (emphasis)
+      ctx.save(); ctx.translate(W / 2 - ccx * cz, H_ / 2 - ccy * cz); ctx.scale(cz, cz);
+      if (t > 7.95 && t < 9.4) redPencil(ctx, circ(O + 860, 366, 120, 52, 40, -0.6, -0.6 + Math.PI * 2.15), H.clamp((t - 7.95) / 0.35), 5);
+      if (t > 8.1 && t < 9.4) { ctx.save(); ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(178,52,40,0.85)'; ctx.font = 'italic 400 32px "Libre Baskerville"'; ctx.fillText('wrong!', O + 990, 296); ctx.restore(); }
+      if (t > 12.6) redPencil(ctx, circ(G + 1060, 300, 170, 96, 40, -0.4, -0.4 + Math.PI * 2.15), H.clamp((t - 12.6) / 0.35), 6);
+      if (t > 12.8) { ctx.save(); ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(178,52,40,0.85)'; ctx.font = 'italic 400 30px "Libre Baskerville"'; ctx.fillText('97% — allowed', G + 930, 430); ctx.restore(); }
+      ctx.restore();
+      H.grain(ctx, W, H_, 0.05, 13 + Math.floor(t * 12));
+    },
+    // Sound: a quiet drafting room. Everything inked is a steel ruling pen scratching across hard paper (thin, dry,
+    // no squeak); the machine's odometer drums clack; the examiner's red pencil is a softer, grainier graphite drag.
+    // Camera moves along the sheet are the long sheet sliding under the lamp (a low smooth slide, no rustle).
+    // All times copied from explainer() above.
+    explainerSound(k) {
+      // Chrome glitch: a noise buffer that starts within ~1e-8 s of a sample boundary (float error like 4.15 + 0.1 * 1 + 0.11)
+      // spikes far above its gain. Put every start a quarter sample past the 48 kHz grid so none land there.
+      { const k0 = k, sn = (t) => (Math.round(t * 48000) + 0.25) / 48000; k = { ...k0, play: (n, t, o) => k0.play(n, sn(t), o), tone: (t, o) => k0.tone(sn(t), o), noise: (t, o) => k0.noise(sn(t), o) }; }
+      const D = 14.5;
+      // screen pan for a sheet x at the camera's resting framings (FIG.4: x, FIG.5: zoom 1.3 on 1970, FIG.6: x-2560)
+      const p4 = (x) => H.clamp(x / 640 - 1, -1, 1) * 0.6, p5 = (x) => H.clamp(((640 + (x - 1970) * 1.3) / 640) - 1, -1, 1) * 0.6, p6 = (x) => p4(x - 2560);
+      // ruling pen: nib touches down (tiny dry tap), then a thin steel scratch for the stroke's length
+      const pen = (a, d, g = 1, pan = 0, minor = true) => {
+        k.noise(a, { dur: 0.018, filter: 'bandpass', f: 1900, q: 1.3, gain: 0.16 * g, a: 0.001, pan, minor });
+        k.play('stroke', a, { material: 'pen', dur: d, gain: 2.7 * g, pan, minor });
+        k.noise(a, { dur: d, filter: 'bandpass', f: 1200, q: 0.8, gain: 0.05 * g, a: Math.min(0.02, d / 3), hold: d * 0.6, pan, minor }); // a little body: the pen dragging on the rule
+      };
+      // red pencil: grainier, lower, softer than the steel pen
+      const redPencil = (a, d, g = 1, pan = 0, minor = false) => k.play('stroke', a, { material: 'pencil', dur: d, gain: 0.9 * g, pan, minor });
+      // odometer drum: a small, damped brass clack
+      const drum = (t, g = 1, pan = 0, f = 1500) => k.withMinor(() => { k.noise(t, { dur: 0.03, filter: 'bandpass', f, q: 2.2, gain: 0.3 * g, a: 0.001, pan }); k.tone(t, { f: f * 0.2, type: 'triangle', dur: 0.04, gain: 0.07 * g, pan }); });
+      // the long sheet sliding under the lamp: low, smooth, no paper crinkle
+      const slide = (a, d, g = 1) => k.noise(a, { dur: d, color: 'brown', filter: 'bandpass', f: [[0, 220], [d * 0.5, 520], [d, 260]], q: 0.6, gain: 0.34 * g, a: d * 0.45, verb: 0.05 });
+
+      k.bed('room', 0, D, { gain: 0.35 });
+      k.bed('hiss', 0, D, { gain: 0.5 });
+
+      // ---- BEAT 1: "HOW  DOES  AI  LEARN?" letters in left to right over 0..1.0 (21 chars), double rule 0.9..1.3
+      [[0, 3], [5, 9], [11, 13], [15, 21]].forEach(([s, e], i) => pen(0.02 + (s / 21) * 0.98, ((e - s) / 21) * 0.98, 1.1, [-0.35, -0.12, 0.1, 0.3][i], i > 0));
+      pen(0.9, 0.4, 1.3, 0, false); // ruled double underline: one long confident pull along the T-square
+      pen(1.02, 0.28, 0.6, 0.05);
+      slide(1.35, 0.85, 0.5); // title shrinks up into the title slot (1.35 -> 2.2)
+
+      // ---- BEAT 2: FIG. 4 inks at 140 marks/s from 2.25 (tray + cards, then hopper, cabinet, odometer, gears ~3.05)
+      pen(2.25, 0.14, 1.1, p4(280), false); // first mark of the figure
+      { const xs = [280, 230, 340, 750, 750, 700, 750, 800, 750]; for (let i = 1; i < xs.length; i++) pen(2.25 + i * 0.09, 0.07, 0.75, p4(xs[i])); }
+      // cards fly the arc into the hopper (5 cards, period 1/1.3 s, card k offset k*0.2/1.3); a light card flick as each drops in
+      for (let c = 0; c < 5; c++) for (let n = 0; ; n++) {
+        const t0 = 2.7 + (c * 0.2 + n) / 1.3, drop = t0 + 0.95 / 1.3;
+        if (drop > 6.15) break;
+        if ((c + n) % 2 === 0) k.noise(drop, { dur: 0.05, filter: 'bandpass', f: 1500, q: 0.8, gain: 0.11, a: 0.003, pan: p4(720), minor: true });
+      }
+      pen(2.9, 0.5, 0.9, p4(450)); // flow arrow arcs over to the hopper
+      pen(3.0, 0.29, 0.6, p4(930)); // leader to the odometer
+      pen(3.5, 0.24, 0.6, p4(220)); // 'labels' leader
+      // odometer drums roll at 9 turns/s while the count runs (2.9 -> 5.6); clack per turn, softer while it barely moves
+      for (let n = Math.ceil(2.9 * 9); n / 9 < 5.6 - 0.03; n++) {
+        const t = n / 9, e = H.ease.inOut(H.clamp((t - 2.9) / 2.7)), sp = Math.min(1, 6 * e * (1 - e) + 0.25);
+        drum(t, 0.55 + 0.45 * sp, p4(750), 1400 + e * 300);
+      }
+      // 1,000,000 locks in
+      k.play('tock', 5.6, { f: 520, gain: 0.55, pan: p4(900) });
+      k.play('thud', 5.6, { f: 110, gain: 0.22, pan: p4(900) });
+
+      // ---- camera travels the sheet to FIG. 5 (6.0 -> 6.8)
+      slide(6.0, 0.85, 1);
+      // FIG. 5 inks at 170/s from 6.25 (cabinet, windows, three knobs ~6.53)
+      pen(6.25, 0.12, 0.9, p5(1880));
+      [1990, 1790, 1875, 1960].forEach((x, i) => pen(6.33 + i * 0.06, 0.05, 0.6, p5(x)));
+      // the "?" card slides into the input slot (6.5 -> ~7.1, ease out), seats with a little click
+      k.noise(6.5, { dur: 0.42, color: 'pink', filter: 'bandpass', f: [[0, 700], [0.4, 1300]], q: 0.8, gain: 0.12, a: 0.05, pan: p5(1560), minor: true });
+      k.play('tock', 6.95, { f: 900, gain: 0.3, pan: p5(1640), minor: true });
+      // guess window reveals "dog?" (7.15): the readout drum flips over
+      drum(7.15, 1.2, p5(2120), 1200); k.play('tock', 7.17, { f: 640, gain: 0.45, pan: p5(2120) });
+      pen(7.25, 0.24, 0.55, p5(2150)); // Guess leader
+      pen(7.45, 0.3, 0.7, p5(2280)); // arrow to the reference tag
+      pen(7.5, 0.12, 0.6, p5(2380)); // tag outline
+      pen(7.6, 0.24, 0.55, p5(2380)); // Check leader
+      // WRONG: two heavy ruled strokes cross out "dog?" (7.8 -> 7.925 -> 8.05), then the examiner's red ring (7.95 -> 8.3)
+      pen(7.8, 0.12, 2.0, p5(2140), false); pen(7.925, 0.12, 2.0, p5(2140), false);
+      k.play('error', 7.8, { f: 'F3', gain: 0.55, pan: p5(2140) });
+      redPencil(7.95, 0.35, 1.2, p5(2140));
+      // error signal: a dashed line ruled back to the knobs (8.25 -> 8.75), dash by dash
+      for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) pen(8.25 + i * 0.08, 0.045, 0.6, p5([2380, 2300, 2150, 1960, 1860, 1840][i]));
+      pen(8.6, 0.24, 0.55, p5(1690)); // Adjust leader
+      // knobs turn (quantized to 12 fps, 8.75 + i*0.12 over 0.5 s): one detent click per moving frame
+      for (let f = Math.ceil(8.76 * 12); f / 12 < 9.49; f++) k.play('click', f / 12, { f: 900 + (f % 3) * 90, gain: 0.5, pan: p5(1875 + ((f % 3) - 1) * 85), minor: true });
+      pen(9.15, 0.3, 0.7, p5(2080)); // loop return arrow
+      // CORRECTION: "cat" turns up in the window (9.35), check mark inked (9.65)
+      drum(9.35, 1.2, p5(2120), 1200); k.play('tock', 9.36, { f: 700, gain: 0.5, pan: p5(2120) });
+      pen(9.65, 0.12, 1.4, p5(2200), false);
+      k.play('success', 9.66, { f: 'G5', gain: 0.6, pan: p5(2200) });
+
+      // ---- camera travels to FIG. 6 (10.3 -> 11.0)
+      slide(10.3, 0.75, 1);
+      pen(10.75, 0.1, 0.9, p6(2740), false); pen(10.85, 0.12, 0.6, p6(3060)); // axes and grid (inked at 260/s)
+      pen(11.0, 1.5, 0.45, p6(3060)); // the curve inks along with the hatching under it (11.0 -> 12.5)
+      { // accuracy drums: one clack per new value, at most 12/s, slowing as it settles
+        const acc = (u) => 61 + 36 * (1 - Math.pow(1 - u, 2.3));
+        let last = 61, lastT = -1;
+        for (let t = 11.0; t < 12.5; t += 1 / 120) {
+          const v = Math.round(acc(H.clamp((t - 11.0) / 1.5)));
+          if (v !== last && t - lastT >= 1 / 12) { drum(t, 0.9, p6(3490), 1300 + (v - 61) * 12); last = v; lastT = t; }
+        }
+      }
+      // 97 locks in (12.5) and the examiner rings it in red (12.6 -> 12.95): the big hit
+      k.play('impact', 12.5, { gain: 1.1, pan: p6(3490) });
+      k.play('ding', 12.52, { f: 'E5', gain: 0.5, pan: p6(3490) });
+      redPencil(12.6, 0.35, 2.2, p6(3620));
+
+      // ---- BEAT 5: the claim letters in (13.0 -> 13.7, 43 chars), then a ruled underline (13.75 -> 14.05)
+      { const txt = 'I claim: More examples  →  better guesses.', n = txt.length, re = /\S+/g; let m;
+        while ((m = re.exec(txt))) pen(13.0 + 0.7 * m.index / n, Math.max(0.04, 0.7 * m[0].length / n), 0.75, (m.index / n - 0.5) * 0.6); }
+      pen(13.75, 0.3, 1.2, 0, false);
+      ['C5', 'G5', 'E6'].forEach((f, i) => k.play('ding', 13.78 + i * 0.08, { f, gain: 0.4 - i * 0.07, pan: (i - 1) * 0.25 })); // resolve
+    },
+
+    // ===== END EXPLAINER =====
+  });
+}