therubyracer 0.8.1.pre2 → 0.8.1

data/ext/v8/upstream/3.1.8/src/spaces.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,3254 @@
+// Copyright 2006-2010 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+//       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+//       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+//       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+//       with the distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+//       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+//       from this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "v8.h"
+
+#include "liveobjectlist-inl.h"
+#include "macro-assembler.h"
+#include "mark-compact.h"
+#include "platform.h"
+
+namespace v8 {
+namespace internal {
+
+// For contiguous spaces, top should be in the space (or at the end) and limit
+// should be the end of the space.
+#define ASSERT_SEMISPACE_ALLOCATION_INFO(info, space) \
+  ASSERT((space).low() <= (info).top                  \
+         && (info).top <= (space).high()              \
+         && (info).limit == (space).high())
+
+intptr_t Page::watermark_invalidated_mark_ = 1 << Page::WATERMARK_INVALIDATED;
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// HeapObjectIterator
+
+HeapObjectIterator::HeapObjectIterator(PagedSpace* space) {
+  Initialize(space->bottom(), space->top(), NULL);
+}
+
+
+HeapObjectIterator::HeapObjectIterator(PagedSpace* space,
+                                       HeapObjectCallback size_func) {
+  Initialize(space->bottom(), space->top(), size_func);
+}
+
+
+HeapObjectIterator::HeapObjectIterator(PagedSpace* space, Address start) {
+  Initialize(start, space->top(), NULL);
+}
+
+
+HeapObjectIterator::HeapObjectIterator(PagedSpace* space, Address start,
+                                       HeapObjectCallback size_func) {
+  Initialize(start, space->top(), size_func);
+}
+
+
+HeapObjectIterator::HeapObjectIterator(Page* page,
+                                       HeapObjectCallback size_func) {
+  Initialize(page->ObjectAreaStart(), page->AllocationTop(), size_func);
+}
+
+
+void HeapObjectIterator::Initialize(Address cur, Address end,
+                                    HeapObjectCallback size_f) {
+  cur_addr_ = cur;
+  end_addr_ = end;
+  end_page_ = Page::FromAllocationTop(end);
+  size_func_ = size_f;
+  Page* p = Page::FromAllocationTop(cur_addr_);
+  cur_limit_ = (p == end_page_) ? end_addr_ : p->AllocationTop();
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  Verify();
+#endif
+}
+
+
+HeapObject* HeapObjectIterator::FromNextPage() {
+  if (cur_addr_ == end_addr_) return NULL;
+
+  Page* cur_page = Page::FromAllocationTop(cur_addr_);
+  cur_page = cur_page->next_page();
+  ASSERT(cur_page->is_valid());
+
+  cur_addr_ = cur_page->ObjectAreaStart();
+  cur_limit_ = (cur_page == end_page_) ? end_addr_ : cur_page->AllocationTop();
+
+  if (cur_addr_ == end_addr_) return NULL;
+  ASSERT(cur_addr_ < cur_limit_);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  Verify();
+#endif
+  return FromCurrentPage();
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+void HeapObjectIterator::Verify() {
+  Page* p = Page::FromAllocationTop(cur_addr_);
+  ASSERT(p == Page::FromAllocationTop(cur_limit_));
+  ASSERT(p->Offset(cur_addr_) <= p->Offset(cur_limit_));
+}
+#endif
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PageIterator
+
+PageIterator::PageIterator(PagedSpace* space, Mode mode) : space_(space) {
+  prev_page_ = NULL;
+  switch (mode) {
+    case PAGES_IN_USE:
+      stop_page_ = space->AllocationTopPage();
+      break;
+    case PAGES_USED_BY_MC:
+      stop_page_ = space->MCRelocationTopPage();
+      break;
+    case ALL_PAGES:
+#ifdef DEBUG
+      // Verify that the cached last page in the space is actually the
+      // last page.
+      for (Page* p = space->first_page_; p->is_valid(); p = p->next_page()) {
+        if (!p->next_page()->is_valid()) {
+          ASSERT(space->last_page_ == p);
+        }
+      }
+#endif
+      stop_page_ = space->last_page_;
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// CodeRange
+
+List<CodeRange::FreeBlock> CodeRange::free_list_(0);
+List<CodeRange::FreeBlock> CodeRange::allocation_list_(0);
+int CodeRange::current_allocation_block_index_ = 0;
+VirtualMemory* CodeRange::code_range_ = NULL;
+
+
+bool CodeRange::Setup(const size_t requested) {
+  ASSERT(code_range_ == NULL);
+
+  code_range_ = new VirtualMemory(requested);
+  CHECK(code_range_ != NULL);
+  if (!code_range_->IsReserved()) {
+    delete code_range_;
+    code_range_ = NULL;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // We are sure that we have mapped a block of requested addresses.
+  ASSERT(code_range_->size() == requested);
+  LOG(NewEvent("CodeRange", code_range_->address(), requested));
+  allocation_list_.Add(FreeBlock(code_range_->address(), code_range_->size()));
+  current_allocation_block_index_ = 0;
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+int CodeRange::CompareFreeBlockAddress(const FreeBlock* left,
+                                       const FreeBlock* right) {
+  // The entire point of CodeRange is that the difference between two
+  // addresses in the range can be represented as a signed 32-bit int,
+  // so the cast is semantically correct.
+  return static_cast<int>(left->start - right->start);
+}
+
+
+void CodeRange::GetNextAllocationBlock(size_t requested) {
+  for (current_allocation_block_index_++;
+       current_allocation_block_index_ < allocation_list_.length();
+       current_allocation_block_index_++) {
+    if (requested <= allocation_list_[current_allocation_block_index_].size) {
+      return;  // Found a large enough allocation block.
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Sort and merge the free blocks on the free list and the allocation list.
+  free_list_.AddAll(allocation_list_);
+  allocation_list_.Clear();
+  free_list_.Sort(&CompareFreeBlockAddress);
+  for (int i = 0; i < free_list_.length();) {
+    FreeBlock merged = free_list_[i];
+    i++;
+    // Add adjacent free blocks to the current merged block.
+    while (i < free_list_.length() &&
+           free_list_[i].start == merged.start + merged.size) {
+      merged.size += free_list_[i].size;
+      i++;
+    }
+    if (merged.size > 0) {
+      allocation_list_.Add(merged);
+    }
+  }
+  free_list_.Clear();
+
+  for (current_allocation_block_index_ = 0;
+       current_allocation_block_index_ < allocation_list_.length();
+       current_allocation_block_index_++) {
+    if (requested <= allocation_list_[current_allocation_block_index_].size) {
+      return;  // Found a large enough allocation block.
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Code range is full or too fragmented.
+  V8::FatalProcessOutOfMemory("CodeRange::GetNextAllocationBlock");
+}
+
+
+
+void* CodeRange::AllocateRawMemory(const size_t requested, size_t* allocated) {
+  ASSERT(current_allocation_block_index_ < allocation_list_.length());
+  if (requested > allocation_list_[current_allocation_block_index_].size) {
+    // Find an allocation block large enough.  This function call may
+    // call V8::FatalProcessOutOfMemory if it cannot find a large enough block.
+    GetNextAllocationBlock(requested);
+  }
+  // Commit the requested memory at the start of the current allocation block.
+  *allocated = RoundUp(requested, Page::kPageSize);
+  FreeBlock current = allocation_list_[current_allocation_block_index_];
+  if (*allocated >= current.size - Page::kPageSize) {
+    // Don't leave a small free block, useless for a large object or chunk.
+    *allocated = current.size;
+  }
+  ASSERT(*allocated <= current.size);
+  if (!code_range_->Commit(current.start, *allocated, true)) {
+    *allocated = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  allocation_list_[current_allocation_block_index_].start += *allocated;
+  allocation_list_[current_allocation_block_index_].size -= *allocated;
+  if (*allocated == current.size) {
+    GetNextAllocationBlock(0);  // This block is used up, get the next one.
+  }
+  return current.start;
+}
+
+
+void CodeRange::FreeRawMemory(void* address, size_t length) {
+  free_list_.Add(FreeBlock(address, length));
+  code_range_->Uncommit(address, length);
+}
+
+
+void CodeRange::TearDown() {
+    delete code_range_;  // Frees all memory in the virtual memory range.
+    code_range_ = NULL;
+    free_list_.Free();
+    allocation_list_.Free();
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MemoryAllocator
+//
+intptr_t MemoryAllocator::capacity_ = 0;
+intptr_t MemoryAllocator::capacity_executable_ = 0;
+intptr_t MemoryAllocator::size_ = 0;
+intptr_t MemoryAllocator::size_executable_ = 0;
+
+List<MemoryAllocator::MemoryAllocationCallbackRegistration>
+  MemoryAllocator::memory_allocation_callbacks_;
+
+VirtualMemory* MemoryAllocator::initial_chunk_ = NULL;
+
+// 270 is an estimate based on the static default heap size of a pair of 256K
+// semispaces and a 64M old generation.
+const int kEstimatedNumberOfChunks = 270;
+List<MemoryAllocator::ChunkInfo> MemoryAllocator::chunks_(
+    kEstimatedNumberOfChunks);
+List<int> MemoryAllocator::free_chunk_ids_(kEstimatedNumberOfChunks);
+int MemoryAllocator::max_nof_chunks_ = 0;
+int MemoryAllocator::top_ = 0;
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::Push(int free_chunk_id) {
+  ASSERT(max_nof_chunks_ > 0);
+  ASSERT(top_ < max_nof_chunks_);
+  free_chunk_ids_[top_++] = free_chunk_id;
+}
+
+
+int MemoryAllocator::Pop() {
+  ASSERT(top_ > 0);
+  return free_chunk_ids_[--top_];
+}
+
+
+bool MemoryAllocator::Setup(intptr_t capacity, intptr_t capacity_executable) {
+  capacity_ = RoundUp(capacity, Page::kPageSize);
+  capacity_executable_ = RoundUp(capacity_executable, Page::kPageSize);
+  ASSERT_GE(capacity_, capacity_executable_);
+
+  // Over-estimate the size of chunks_ array.  It assumes the expansion of old
+  // space is always in the unit of a chunk (kChunkSize) except the last
+  // expansion.
+  //
+  // Due to alignment, allocated space might be one page less than required
+  // number (kPagesPerChunk) of pages for old spaces.
+  //
+  // Reserve two chunk ids for semispaces, one for map space, one for old
+  // space, and one for code space.
+  max_nof_chunks_ =
+      static_cast<int>((capacity_ / (kChunkSize - Page::kPageSize))) + 5;
+  if (max_nof_chunks_ > kMaxNofChunks) return false;
+
+  size_ = 0;
+  size_executable_ = 0;
+  ChunkInfo info;  // uninitialized element.
+  for (int i = max_nof_chunks_ - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    chunks_.Add(info);
+    free_chunk_ids_.Add(i);
+  }
+  top_ = max_nof_chunks_;
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool MemoryAllocator::SafeIsInAPageChunk(Address addr) {
+  return InInitialChunk(addr) || InAllocatedChunks(addr);
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::TearDown() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < max_nof_chunks_; i++) {
+    if (chunks_[i].address() != NULL) DeleteChunk(i);
+  }
+  chunks_.Clear();
+  free_chunk_ids_.Clear();
+
+  if (initial_chunk_ != NULL) {
+    LOG(DeleteEvent("InitialChunk", initial_chunk_->address()));
+    delete initial_chunk_;
+    initial_chunk_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  FreeChunkTables(&chunk_table_[0],
+                  kChunkTableTopLevelEntries,
+                  kChunkTableLevels);
+
+  ASSERT(top_ == max_nof_chunks_);  // all chunks are free
+  top_ = 0;
+  capacity_ = 0;
+  capacity_executable_ = 0;
+  size_ = 0;
+  max_nof_chunks_ = 0;
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::FreeChunkTables(uintptr_t* array, int len, int level) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    if (array[i] != kUnusedChunkTableEntry) {
+      uintptr_t* subarray = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t*>(array[i]);
+      if (level > 1) {
+        array[i] = kUnusedChunkTableEntry;
+        FreeChunkTables(subarray, 1 << kChunkTableBitsPerLevel, level - 1);
+      } else {
+        array[i] = kUnusedChunkTableEntry;
+      }
+      delete[] subarray;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void* MemoryAllocator::AllocateRawMemory(const size_t requested,
+                                         size_t* allocated,
+                                         Executability executable) {
+  if (size_ + static_cast<size_t>(requested) > static_cast<size_t>(capacity_)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  void* mem;
+  if (executable == EXECUTABLE) {
+    // Check executable memory limit.
+    if (size_executable_ + requested >
+        static_cast<size_t>(capacity_executable_)) {
+      LOG(StringEvent("MemoryAllocator::AllocateRawMemory",
+                      "V8 Executable Allocation capacity exceeded"));
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    // Allocate executable memory either from code range or from the
+    // OS.
+    if (CodeRange::exists()) {
+      mem = CodeRange::AllocateRawMemory(requested, allocated);
+    } else {
+      mem = OS::Allocate(requested, allocated, true);
+    }
+    // Update executable memory size.
+    size_executable_ += static_cast<int>(*allocated);
+  } else {
+    mem = OS::Allocate(requested, allocated, false);
+  }
+  int alloced = static_cast<int>(*allocated);
+  size_ += alloced;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  ZapBlock(reinterpret_cast<Address>(mem), alloced);
+#endif
+  Counters::memory_allocated.Increment(alloced);
+  return mem;
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::FreeRawMemory(void* mem,
+                                    size_t length,
+                                    Executability executable) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  ZapBlock(reinterpret_cast<Address>(mem), length);
+#endif
+  if (CodeRange::contains(static_cast<Address>(mem))) {
+    CodeRange::FreeRawMemory(mem, length);
+  } else {
+    OS::Free(mem, length);
+  }
+  Counters::memory_allocated.Decrement(static_cast<int>(length));
+  size_ -= static_cast<int>(length);
+  if (executable == EXECUTABLE) size_executable_ -= static_cast<int>(length);
+
+  ASSERT(size_ >= 0);
+  ASSERT(size_executable_ >= 0);
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::PerformAllocationCallback(ObjectSpace space,
+                                                AllocationAction action,
+                                                size_t size) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < memory_allocation_callbacks_.length(); ++i) {
+    MemoryAllocationCallbackRegistration registration =
+      memory_allocation_callbacks_[i];
+    if ((registration.space & space) == space &&
+        (registration.action & action) == action)
+      registration.callback(space, action, static_cast<int>(size));
+  }
+}
+
+
+bool MemoryAllocator::MemoryAllocationCallbackRegistered(
+    MemoryAllocationCallback callback) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < memory_allocation_callbacks_.length(); ++i) {
+    if (memory_allocation_callbacks_[i].callback == callback) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::AddMemoryAllocationCallback(
+    MemoryAllocationCallback callback,
+    ObjectSpace space,
+    AllocationAction action) {
+  ASSERT(callback != NULL);
+  MemoryAllocationCallbackRegistration registration(callback, space, action);
+  ASSERT(!MemoryAllocator::MemoryAllocationCallbackRegistered(callback));
+  return memory_allocation_callbacks_.Add(registration);
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::RemoveMemoryAllocationCallback(
+     MemoryAllocationCallback callback) {
+  ASSERT(callback != NULL);
+  for (int i = 0; i < memory_allocation_callbacks_.length(); ++i) {
+    if (memory_allocation_callbacks_[i].callback == callback) {
+      memory_allocation_callbacks_.Remove(i);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+void* MemoryAllocator::ReserveInitialChunk(const size_t requested) {
+  ASSERT(initial_chunk_ == NULL);
+
+  initial_chunk_ = new VirtualMemory(requested);
+  CHECK(initial_chunk_ != NULL);
+  if (!initial_chunk_->IsReserved()) {
+    delete initial_chunk_;
+    initial_chunk_ = NULL;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // We are sure that we have mapped a block of requested addresses.
+  ASSERT(initial_chunk_->size() == requested);
+  LOG(NewEvent("InitialChunk", initial_chunk_->address(), requested));
+  size_ += static_cast<int>(requested);
+  return initial_chunk_->address();
+}
+
+
+static int PagesInChunk(Address start, size_t size) {
+  // The first page starts on the first page-aligned address from start onward
+  // and the last page ends on the last page-aligned address before
+  // start+size.  Page::kPageSize is a power of two so we can divide by
+  // shifting.
+  return static_cast<int>((RoundDown(start + size, Page::kPageSize)
+      - RoundUp(start, Page::kPageSize)) >> kPageSizeBits);
+}
+
+
+Page* MemoryAllocator::AllocatePages(int requested_pages,
+                                     int* allocated_pages,
+                                     PagedSpace* owner) {
+  if (requested_pages <= 0) return Page::FromAddress(NULL);
+  size_t chunk_size = requested_pages * Page::kPageSize;
+
+  void* chunk = AllocateRawMemory(chunk_size, &chunk_size, owner->executable());
+  if (chunk == NULL) return Page::FromAddress(NULL);
+  LOG(NewEvent("PagedChunk", chunk, chunk_size));
+
+  *allocated_pages = PagesInChunk(static_cast<Address>(chunk), chunk_size);
+  // We may 'lose' a page due to alignment.
+  ASSERT(*allocated_pages >= kPagesPerChunk - 1);
+  if (*allocated_pages == 0) {
+    FreeRawMemory(chunk, chunk_size, owner->executable());
+    LOG(DeleteEvent("PagedChunk", chunk));
+    return Page::FromAddress(NULL);
+  }
+
+  int chunk_id = Pop();
+  chunks_[chunk_id].init(static_cast<Address>(chunk), chunk_size, owner);
+
+  ObjectSpace space = static_cast<ObjectSpace>(1 << owner->identity());
+  PerformAllocationCallback(space, kAllocationActionAllocate, chunk_size);
+  Page* new_pages = InitializePagesInChunk(chunk_id, *allocated_pages, owner);
+
+  AddToAllocatedChunks(static_cast<Address>(chunk), chunk_size);
+
+  return new_pages;
+}
+
+
+Page* MemoryAllocator::CommitPages(Address start, size_t size,
+                                   PagedSpace* owner, int* num_pages) {
+  ASSERT(start != NULL);
+  *num_pages = PagesInChunk(start, size);
+  ASSERT(*num_pages > 0);
+  ASSERT(initial_chunk_ != NULL);
+  ASSERT(InInitialChunk(start));
+  ASSERT(InInitialChunk(start + size - 1));
+  if (!initial_chunk_->Commit(start, size, owner->executable() == EXECUTABLE)) {
+    return Page::FromAddress(NULL);
+  }
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  ZapBlock(start, size);
+#endif
+  Counters::memory_allocated.Increment(static_cast<int>(size));
+
+  // So long as we correctly overestimated the number of chunks we should not
+  // run out of chunk ids.
+  CHECK(!OutOfChunkIds());
+  int chunk_id = Pop();
+  chunks_[chunk_id].init(start, size, owner);
+  return InitializePagesInChunk(chunk_id, *num_pages, owner);
+}
+
+
+bool MemoryAllocator::CommitBlock(Address start,
+                                  size_t size,
+                                  Executability executable) {
+  ASSERT(start != NULL);
+  ASSERT(size > 0);
+  ASSERT(initial_chunk_ != NULL);
+  ASSERT(InInitialChunk(start));
+  ASSERT(InInitialChunk(start + size - 1));
+
+  if (!initial_chunk_->Commit(start, size, executable)) return false;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  ZapBlock(start, size);
+#endif
+  Counters::memory_allocated.Increment(static_cast<int>(size));
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool MemoryAllocator::UncommitBlock(Address start, size_t size) {
+  ASSERT(start != NULL);
+  ASSERT(size > 0);
+  ASSERT(initial_chunk_ != NULL);
+  ASSERT(InInitialChunk(start));
+  ASSERT(InInitialChunk(start + size - 1));
+
+  if (!initial_chunk_->Uncommit(start, size)) return false;
+  Counters::memory_allocated.Decrement(static_cast<int>(size));
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::ZapBlock(Address start, size_t size) {
+  for (size_t s = 0; s + kPointerSize <= size; s += kPointerSize) {
+    Memory::Address_at(start + s) = kZapValue;
+  }
+}
+
+
+Page* MemoryAllocator::InitializePagesInChunk(int chunk_id, int pages_in_chunk,
+                                              PagedSpace* owner) {
+  ASSERT(IsValidChunk(chunk_id));
+  ASSERT(pages_in_chunk > 0);
+
+  Address chunk_start = chunks_[chunk_id].address();
+
+  Address low = RoundUp(chunk_start, Page::kPageSize);
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  size_t chunk_size = chunks_[chunk_id].size();
+  Address high = RoundDown(chunk_start + chunk_size, Page::kPageSize);
+  ASSERT(pages_in_chunk <=
+        ((OffsetFrom(high) - OffsetFrom(low)) / Page::kPageSize));
+#endif
+
+  Address page_addr = low;
+  for (int i = 0; i < pages_in_chunk; i++) {
+    Page* p = Page::FromAddress(page_addr);
+    p->opaque_header = OffsetFrom(page_addr + Page::kPageSize) | chunk_id;
+    p->InvalidateWatermark(true);
+    p->SetIsLargeObjectPage(false);
+    p->SetAllocationWatermark(p->ObjectAreaStart());
+    p->SetCachedAllocationWatermark(p->ObjectAreaStart());
+    page_addr += Page::kPageSize;
+  }
+
+  // Set the next page of the last page to 0.
+  Page* last_page = Page::FromAddress(page_addr - Page::kPageSize);
+  last_page->opaque_header = OffsetFrom(0) | chunk_id;
+
+  return Page::FromAddress(low);
+}
+
+
+Page* MemoryAllocator::FreePages(Page* p) {
+  if (!p->is_valid()) return p;
+
+  // Find the first page in the same chunk as 'p'
+  Page* first_page = FindFirstPageInSameChunk(p);
+  Page* page_to_return = Page::FromAddress(NULL);
+
+  if (p != first_page) {
+    // Find the last page in the same chunk as 'prev'.
+    Page* last_page = FindLastPageInSameChunk(p);
+    first_page = GetNextPage(last_page);  // first page in next chunk
+
+    // set the next_page of last_page to NULL
+    SetNextPage(last_page, Page::FromAddress(NULL));
+    page_to_return = p;  // return 'p' when exiting
+  }
+
+  while (first_page->is_valid()) {
+    int chunk_id = GetChunkId(first_page);
+    ASSERT(IsValidChunk(chunk_id));
+
+    // Find the first page of the next chunk before deleting this chunk.
+    first_page = GetNextPage(FindLastPageInSameChunk(first_page));
+
+    // Free the current chunk.
+    DeleteChunk(chunk_id);
+  }
+
+  return page_to_return;
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::FreeAllPages(PagedSpace* space) {
+  for (int i = 0, length = chunks_.length(); i < length; i++) {
+    if (chunks_[i].owner() == space) {
+      DeleteChunk(i);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::DeleteChunk(int chunk_id) {
+  ASSERT(IsValidChunk(chunk_id));
+
+  ChunkInfo& c = chunks_[chunk_id];
+
+  // We cannot free a chunk contained in the initial chunk because it was not
+  // allocated with AllocateRawMemory.  Instead we uncommit the virtual
+  // memory.
+  if (InInitialChunk(c.address())) {
+    // TODO(1240712): VirtualMemory::Uncommit has a return value which
+    // is ignored here.
+    initial_chunk_->Uncommit(c.address(), c.size());
+    Counters::memory_allocated.Decrement(static_cast<int>(c.size()));
+  } else {
+    RemoveFromAllocatedChunks(c.address(), c.size());
+    LOG(DeleteEvent("PagedChunk", c.address()));
+    ObjectSpace space = static_cast<ObjectSpace>(1 << c.owner()->identity());
+    size_t size = c.size();
+    FreeRawMemory(c.address(), size, c.executable());
+    PerformAllocationCallback(space, kAllocationActionFree, size);
+  }
+  c.init(NULL, 0, NULL);
+  Push(chunk_id);
+}
+
+
+Page* MemoryAllocator::FindFirstPageInSameChunk(Page* p) {
+  int chunk_id = GetChunkId(p);
+  ASSERT(IsValidChunk(chunk_id));
+
+  Address low = RoundUp(chunks_[chunk_id].address(), Page::kPageSize);
+  return Page::FromAddress(low);
+}
+
+
+Page* MemoryAllocator::FindLastPageInSameChunk(Page* p) {
+  int chunk_id = GetChunkId(p);
+  ASSERT(IsValidChunk(chunk_id));
+
+  Address chunk_start = chunks_[chunk_id].address();
+  size_t chunk_size = chunks_[chunk_id].size();
+
+  Address high = RoundDown(chunk_start + chunk_size, Page::kPageSize);
+  ASSERT(chunk_start <= p->address() && p->address() < high);
+
+  return Page::FromAddress(high - Page::kPageSize);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+void MemoryAllocator::ReportStatistics() {
+  float pct = static_cast<float>(capacity_ - size_) / capacity_;
+  PrintF("  capacity: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d"
+             ", used: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d"
+             ", available: %%%d\n\n",
+         capacity_, size_, static_cast<int>(pct*100));
+}
+#endif
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::RelinkPageListInChunkOrder(PagedSpace* space,
+                                                 Page** first_page,
+                                                 Page** last_page,
+                                                 Page** last_page_in_use) {
+  Page* first = NULL;
+  Page* last = NULL;
+
+  for (int i = 0, length = chunks_.length(); i < length; i++) {
+    ChunkInfo& chunk = chunks_[i];
+
+    if (chunk.owner() == space) {
+      if (first == NULL) {
+        Address low = RoundUp(chunk.address(), Page::kPageSize);
+        first = Page::FromAddress(low);
+      }
+      last = RelinkPagesInChunk(i,
+                                chunk.address(),
+                                chunk.size(),
+                                last,
+                                last_page_in_use);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (first_page != NULL) {
+    *first_page = first;
+  }
+
+  if (last_page != NULL) {
+    *last_page = last;
+  }
+}
+
+
+Page* MemoryAllocator::RelinkPagesInChunk(int chunk_id,
+                                          Address chunk_start,
+                                          size_t chunk_size,
+                                          Page* prev,
+                                          Page** last_page_in_use) {
+  Address page_addr = RoundUp(chunk_start, Page::kPageSize);
+  int pages_in_chunk = PagesInChunk(chunk_start, chunk_size);
+
+  if (prev->is_valid()) {
+    SetNextPage(prev, Page::FromAddress(page_addr));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < pages_in_chunk; i++) {
+    Page* p = Page::FromAddress(page_addr);
+    p->opaque_header = OffsetFrom(page_addr + Page::kPageSize) | chunk_id;
+    page_addr += Page::kPageSize;
+
+    p->InvalidateWatermark(true);
+    if (p->WasInUseBeforeMC()) {
+      *last_page_in_use = p;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Set the next page of the last page to 0.
+  Page* last_page = Page::FromAddress(page_addr - Page::kPageSize);
+  last_page->opaque_header = OffsetFrom(0) | chunk_id;
+
+  if (last_page->WasInUseBeforeMC()) {
+    *last_page_in_use = last_page;
+  }
+
+  return last_page;
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::AddToAllocatedChunks(Address addr, intptr_t size) {
+  ASSERT(size == kChunkSize);
+  uintptr_t int_address = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(addr);
+  AddChunkUsingAddress(int_address, int_address);
+  AddChunkUsingAddress(int_address, int_address + size - 1);
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::AddChunkUsingAddress(uintptr_t chunk_start,
+                                           uintptr_t chunk_index_base) {
+  uintptr_t* fine_grained = AllocatedChunksFinder(
+      chunk_table_,
+      chunk_index_base,
+      kChunkSizeLog2 + (kChunkTableLevels - 1) * kChunkTableBitsPerLevel,
+      kCreateTablesAsNeeded);
+  int index = FineGrainedIndexForAddress(chunk_index_base);
+  if (fine_grained[index] != kUnusedChunkTableEntry) index++;
+  ASSERT(fine_grained[index] == kUnusedChunkTableEntry);
+  fine_grained[index] = chunk_start;
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::RemoveFromAllocatedChunks(Address addr, intptr_t size) {
+  ASSERT(size == kChunkSize);
+  uintptr_t int_address = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(addr);
+  RemoveChunkFoundUsingAddress(int_address, int_address);
+  RemoveChunkFoundUsingAddress(int_address, int_address + size - 1);
+}
+
+
+void MemoryAllocator::RemoveChunkFoundUsingAddress(
+    uintptr_t chunk_start,
+    uintptr_t chunk_index_base) {
+  uintptr_t* fine_grained = AllocatedChunksFinder(
+      chunk_table_,
+      chunk_index_base,
+      kChunkSizeLog2 + (kChunkTableLevels - 1) * kChunkTableBitsPerLevel,
+      kDontCreateTables);
+  // Can't remove an entry that's not there.
+  ASSERT(fine_grained != kUnusedChunkTableEntry);
+  int index = FineGrainedIndexForAddress(chunk_index_base);
+  ASSERT(fine_grained[index] != kUnusedChunkTableEntry);
+  if (fine_grained[index] != chunk_start) {
+    index++;
+    ASSERT(fine_grained[index] == chunk_start);
+    fine_grained[index] = kUnusedChunkTableEntry;
+  } else {
+    // If only one of the entries is used it must be the first, since
+    // InAllocatedChunks relies on that.  Move things around so that this is
+    // the case.
+    fine_grained[index] = fine_grained[index + 1];
+    fine_grained[index + 1] = kUnusedChunkTableEntry;
+  }
+}
+
+
+bool MemoryAllocator::InAllocatedChunks(Address addr) {
+  uintptr_t int_address = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(addr);
+  uintptr_t* fine_grained = AllocatedChunksFinder(
+      chunk_table_,
+      int_address,
+      kChunkSizeLog2 + (kChunkTableLevels - 1) * kChunkTableBitsPerLevel,
+      kDontCreateTables);
+  if (fine_grained == NULL) return false;
+  int index = FineGrainedIndexForAddress(int_address);
+  if (fine_grained[index] == kUnusedChunkTableEntry) return false;
+  uintptr_t entry = fine_grained[index];
+  if (entry <= int_address && entry + kChunkSize > int_address) return true;
+  index++;
+  if (fine_grained[index] == kUnusedChunkTableEntry) return false;
+  entry = fine_grained[index];
+  if (entry <= int_address && entry + kChunkSize > int_address) return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+uintptr_t* MemoryAllocator::AllocatedChunksFinder(
+    uintptr_t* table,
+    uintptr_t address,
+    int bit_position,
+    CreateTables create_as_needed) {
+  if (bit_position == kChunkSizeLog2) {
+    return table;
+  }
+  ASSERT(bit_position >= kChunkSizeLog2 + kChunkTableBitsPerLevel);
+  int index =
+      ((address >> bit_position) &
+       ((V8_INTPTR_C(1) << kChunkTableBitsPerLevel) - 1));
+  uintptr_t more_fine_grained_address =
+      address & ((V8_INTPTR_C(1) << bit_position) - 1);
+  ASSERT((table == chunk_table_ && index < kChunkTableTopLevelEntries) ||
+         (table != chunk_table_ && index < 1 << kChunkTableBitsPerLevel));
+  uintptr_t* more_fine_grained_table =
+      reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t*>(table[index]);
+  if (more_fine_grained_table == kUnusedChunkTableEntry) {
+    if (create_as_needed == kDontCreateTables) return NULL;
+    int words_needed = 1 << kChunkTableBitsPerLevel;
+    if (bit_position == kChunkTableBitsPerLevel + kChunkSizeLog2) {
+      words_needed =
+          (1 << kChunkTableBitsPerLevel) * kChunkTableFineGrainedWordsPerEntry;
+    }
+    more_fine_grained_table = new uintptr_t[words_needed];
+    for (int i = 0; i < words_needed; i++) {
+      more_fine_grained_table[i] = kUnusedChunkTableEntry;
+    }
+    table[index] = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(more_fine_grained_table);
+  }
+  return AllocatedChunksFinder(
+      more_fine_grained_table,
+      more_fine_grained_address,
+      bit_position - kChunkTableBitsPerLevel,
+      create_as_needed);
+}
+
+
+uintptr_t MemoryAllocator::chunk_table_[kChunkTableTopLevelEntries];
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PagedSpace implementation
+
+PagedSpace::PagedSpace(intptr_t max_capacity,
+                       AllocationSpace id,
+                       Executability executable)
+    : Space(id, executable) {
+  max_capacity_ = (RoundDown(max_capacity, Page::kPageSize) / Page::kPageSize)
+                  * Page::kObjectAreaSize;
+  accounting_stats_.Clear();
+
+  allocation_info_.top = NULL;
+  allocation_info_.limit = NULL;
+
+  mc_forwarding_info_.top = NULL;
+  mc_forwarding_info_.limit = NULL;
+}
+
+
+bool PagedSpace::Setup(Address start, size_t size) {
+  if (HasBeenSetup()) return false;
+
+  int num_pages = 0;
+  // Try to use the virtual memory range passed to us.  If it is too small to
+  // contain at least one page, ignore it and allocate instead.
+  int pages_in_chunk = PagesInChunk(start, size);
+  if (pages_in_chunk > 0) {
+    first_page_ = MemoryAllocator::CommitPages(RoundUp(start, Page::kPageSize),
+                                               Page::kPageSize * pages_in_chunk,
+                                               this, &num_pages);
+  } else {
+    int requested_pages =
+        Min(MemoryAllocator::kPagesPerChunk,
+            static_cast<int>(max_capacity_ / Page::kObjectAreaSize));
+    first_page_ =
+        MemoryAllocator::AllocatePages(requested_pages, &num_pages, this);
+    if (!first_page_->is_valid()) return false;
+  }
+
+  // We are sure that the first page is valid and that we have at least one
+  // page.
+  ASSERT(first_page_->is_valid());
+  ASSERT(num_pages > 0);
+  accounting_stats_.ExpandSpace(num_pages * Page::kObjectAreaSize);
+  ASSERT(Capacity() <= max_capacity_);
+
+  // Sequentially clear region marks in the newly allocated
+  // pages and cache the current last page in the space.
+  for (Page* p = first_page_; p->is_valid(); p = p->next_page()) {
+    p->SetRegionMarks(Page::kAllRegionsCleanMarks);
+    last_page_ = p;
+  }
+
+  // Use first_page_ for allocation.
+  SetAllocationInfo(&allocation_info_, first_page_);
+
+  page_list_is_chunk_ordered_ = true;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool PagedSpace::HasBeenSetup() {
+  return (Capacity() > 0);
+}
+
+
+void PagedSpace::TearDown() {
+  MemoryAllocator::FreeAllPages(this);
+  first_page_ = NULL;
+  accounting_stats_.Clear();
+}
+
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_HEAP_PROTECTION
+
+void PagedSpace::Protect() {
+  Page* page = first_page_;
+  while (page->is_valid()) {
+    MemoryAllocator::ProtectChunkFromPage(page);
+    page = MemoryAllocator::FindLastPageInSameChunk(page)->next_page();
+  }
+}
+
+
+void PagedSpace::Unprotect() {
+  Page* page = first_page_;
+  while (page->is_valid()) {
+    MemoryAllocator::UnprotectChunkFromPage(page);
+    page = MemoryAllocator::FindLastPageInSameChunk(page)->next_page();
+  }
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+void PagedSpace::MarkAllPagesClean() {
+  PageIterator it(this, PageIterator::ALL_PAGES);
+  while (it.has_next()) {
+    it.next()->SetRegionMarks(Page::kAllRegionsCleanMarks);
+  }
+}
+
+
+MaybeObject* PagedSpace::FindObject(Address addr) {
+  // Note: this function can only be called before or after mark-compact GC
+  // because it accesses map pointers.
+  ASSERT(!MarkCompactCollector::in_use());
+
+  if (!Contains(addr)) return Failure::Exception();
+
+  Page* p = Page::FromAddress(addr);
+  ASSERT(IsUsed(p));
+  Address cur = p->ObjectAreaStart();
+  Address end = p->AllocationTop();
+  while (cur < end) {
+    HeapObject* obj = HeapObject::FromAddress(cur);
+    Address next = cur + obj->Size();
+    if ((cur <= addr) && (addr < next)) return obj;
+    cur = next;
+  }
+
+  UNREACHABLE();
+  return Failure::Exception();
+}
+
+
+bool PagedSpace::IsUsed(Page* page) {
+  PageIterator it(this, PageIterator::PAGES_IN_USE);
+  while (it.has_next()) {
+    if (page == it.next()) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+void PagedSpace::SetAllocationInfo(AllocationInfo* alloc_info, Page* p) {
+  alloc_info->top = p->ObjectAreaStart();
+  alloc_info->limit = p->ObjectAreaEnd();
+  ASSERT(alloc_info->VerifyPagedAllocation());
+}
+
+
+void PagedSpace::MCResetRelocationInfo() {
+  // Set page indexes.
+  int i = 0;
+  PageIterator it(this, PageIterator::ALL_PAGES);
+  while (it.has_next()) {
+    Page* p = it.next();
+    p->mc_page_index = i++;
+  }
+
+  // Set mc_forwarding_info_ to the first page in the space.
+  SetAllocationInfo(&mc_forwarding_info_, first_page_);
+  // All the bytes in the space are 'available'.  We will rediscover
+  // allocated and wasted bytes during GC.
+  accounting_stats_.Reset();
+}
+
+
+int PagedSpace::MCSpaceOffsetForAddress(Address addr) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  // The Contains function considers the address at the beginning of a
+  // page in the page, MCSpaceOffsetForAddress considers it is in the
+  // previous page.
+  if (Page::IsAlignedToPageSize(addr)) {
+    ASSERT(Contains(addr - kPointerSize));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT(Contains(addr));
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // If addr is at the end of a page, it belongs to previous page
+  Page* p = Page::IsAlignedToPageSize(addr)
+            ? Page::FromAllocationTop(addr)
+            : Page::FromAddress(addr);
+  int index = p->mc_page_index;
+  return (index * Page::kPageSize) + p->Offset(addr);
+}
+
+
+// Slow case for reallocating and promoting objects during a compacting
+// collection.  This function is not space-specific.
+HeapObject* PagedSpace::SlowMCAllocateRaw(int size_in_bytes) {
+  Page* current_page = TopPageOf(mc_forwarding_info_);
+  if (!current_page->next_page()->is_valid()) {
+    if (!Expand(current_page)) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // There are surely more pages in the space now.
+  ASSERT(current_page->next_page()->is_valid());
+  // We do not add the top of page block for current page to the space's
+  // free list---the block may contain live objects so we cannot write
+  // bookkeeping information to it.  Instead, we will recover top of page
+  // blocks when we move objects to their new locations.
+  //
+  // We do however write the allocation pointer to the page.  The encoding
+  // of forwarding addresses is as an offset in terms of live bytes, so we
+  // need quick access to the allocation top of each page to decode
+  // forwarding addresses.
+  current_page->SetAllocationWatermark(mc_forwarding_info_.top);
+  current_page->next_page()->InvalidateWatermark(true);
+  SetAllocationInfo(&mc_forwarding_info_, current_page->next_page());
+  return AllocateLinearly(&mc_forwarding_info_, size_in_bytes);
+}
+
+
+bool PagedSpace::Expand(Page* last_page) {
+  ASSERT(max_capacity_ % Page::kObjectAreaSize == 0);
+  ASSERT(Capacity() % Page::kObjectAreaSize == 0);
+
+  if (Capacity() == max_capacity_) return false;
+
+  ASSERT(Capacity() < max_capacity_);
+  // Last page must be valid and its next page is invalid.
+  ASSERT(last_page->is_valid() && !last_page->next_page()->is_valid());
+
+  int available_pages =
+      static_cast<int>((max_capacity_ - Capacity()) / Page::kObjectAreaSize);
+  // We don't want to have to handle small chunks near the end so if there are
+  // not kPagesPerChunk pages available without exceeding the max capacity then
+  // act as if memory has run out.
+  if (available_pages < MemoryAllocator::kPagesPerChunk) return false;
+
+  int desired_pages = Min(available_pages, MemoryAllocator::kPagesPerChunk);
+  Page* p = MemoryAllocator::AllocatePages(desired_pages, &desired_pages, this);
+  if (!p->is_valid()) return false;
+
+  accounting_stats_.ExpandSpace(desired_pages * Page::kObjectAreaSize);
+  ASSERT(Capacity() <= max_capacity_);
+
+  MemoryAllocator::SetNextPage(last_page, p);
+
+  // Sequentially clear region marks of new pages and and cache the
+  // new last page in the space.
+  while (p->is_valid()) {
+    p->SetRegionMarks(Page::kAllRegionsCleanMarks);
+    last_page_ = p;
+    p = p->next_page();
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+int PagedSpace::CountTotalPages() {
+  int count = 0;
+  for (Page* p = first_page_; p->is_valid(); p = p->next_page()) {
+    count++;
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+void PagedSpace::Shrink() {
+  if (!page_list_is_chunk_ordered_) {
+    // We can't shrink space if pages is not chunk-ordered
+    // (see comment for class MemoryAllocator for definition).
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Release half of free pages.
+  Page* top_page = AllocationTopPage();
+  ASSERT(top_page->is_valid());
+
+  // Count the number of pages we would like to free.
+  int pages_to_free = 0;
+  for (Page* p = top_page->next_page(); p->is_valid(); p = p->next_page()) {
+    pages_to_free++;
+  }
+
+  // Free pages after top_page.
+  Page* p = MemoryAllocator::FreePages(top_page->next_page());
+  MemoryAllocator::SetNextPage(top_page, p);
+
+  // Find out how many pages we failed to free and update last_page_.
+  // Please note pages can only be freed in whole chunks.
+  last_page_ = top_page;
+  for (Page* p = top_page->next_page(); p->is_valid(); p = p->next_page()) {
+    pages_to_free--;
+    last_page_ = p;
+  }
+
+  accounting_stats_.ShrinkSpace(pages_to_free * Page::kObjectAreaSize);
+  ASSERT(Capacity() == CountTotalPages() * Page::kObjectAreaSize);
+}
+
+
+bool PagedSpace::EnsureCapacity(int capacity) {
+  if (Capacity() >= capacity) return true;
+
+  // Start from the allocation top and loop to the last page in the space.
+  Page* last_page = AllocationTopPage();
+  Page* next_page = last_page->next_page();
+  while (next_page->is_valid()) {
+    last_page = MemoryAllocator::FindLastPageInSameChunk(next_page);
+    next_page = last_page->next_page();
+  }
+
+  // Expand the space until it has the required capacity or expansion fails.
+  do {
+    if (!Expand(last_page)) return false;
+    ASSERT(last_page->next_page()->is_valid());
+    last_page =
+        MemoryAllocator::FindLastPageInSameChunk(last_page->next_page());
+  } while (Capacity() < capacity);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+void PagedSpace::Print() { }
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+// We do not assume that the PageIterator works, because it depends on the
+// invariants we are checking during verification.
+void PagedSpace::Verify(ObjectVisitor* visitor) {
+  // The allocation pointer should be valid, and it should be in a page in the
+  // space.
+  ASSERT(allocation_info_.VerifyPagedAllocation());
+  Page* top_page = Page::FromAllocationTop(allocation_info_.top);
+  ASSERT(MemoryAllocator::IsPageInSpace(top_page, this));
+
+  // Loop over all the pages.
+  bool above_allocation_top = false;
+  Page* current_page = first_page_;
+  while (current_page->is_valid()) {
+    if (above_allocation_top) {
+      // We don't care what's above the allocation top.
+    } else {
+      Address top = current_page->AllocationTop();
+      if (current_page == top_page) {
+        ASSERT(top == allocation_info_.top);
+        // The next page will be above the allocation top.
+        above_allocation_top = true;
+      }
+
+      // It should be packed with objects from the bottom to the top.
+      Address current = current_page->ObjectAreaStart();
+      while (current < top) {
+        HeapObject* object = HeapObject::FromAddress(current);
+
+        // The first word should be a map, and we expect all map pointers to
+        // be in map space.
+        Map* map = object->map();
+        ASSERT(map->IsMap());
+        ASSERT(Heap::map_space()->Contains(map));
+
+        // Perform space-specific object verification.
+        VerifyObject(object);
+
+        // The object itself should look OK.
+        object->Verify();
+
+        // All the interior pointers should be contained in the heap and
+        // have page regions covering intergenerational references should be
+        // marked dirty.
+        int size = object->Size();
+        object->IterateBody(map->instance_type(), size, visitor);
+
+        current += size;
+      }
+
+      // The allocation pointer should not be in the middle of an object.
+      ASSERT(current == top);
+    }
+
+    current_page = current_page->next_page();
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// NewSpace implementation
+
+
+bool NewSpace::Setup(Address start, int size) {
+  // Setup new space based on the preallocated memory block defined by
+  // start and size. The provided space is divided into two semi-spaces.
+  // To support fast containment testing in the new space, the size of
+  // this chunk must be a power of two and it must be aligned to its size.
+  int initial_semispace_capacity = Heap::InitialSemiSpaceSize();
+  int maximum_semispace_capacity = Heap::MaxSemiSpaceSize();
+
+  ASSERT(initial_semispace_capacity <= maximum_semispace_capacity);
+  ASSERT(IsPowerOf2(maximum_semispace_capacity));
+
+  // Allocate and setup the histogram arrays if necessary.
+#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(ENABLE_LOGGING_AND_PROFILING)
+  allocated_histogram_ = NewArray<HistogramInfo>(LAST_TYPE + 1);
+  promoted_histogram_ = NewArray<HistogramInfo>(LAST_TYPE + 1);
+
+#define SET_NAME(name) allocated_histogram_[name].set_name(#name); \
+                       promoted_histogram_[name].set_name(#name);
+  INSTANCE_TYPE_LIST(SET_NAME)
+#undef SET_NAME
+#endif
+
+  ASSERT(size == 2 * Heap::ReservedSemiSpaceSize());
+  ASSERT(IsAddressAligned(start, size, 0));
+
+  if (!to_space_.Setup(start,
+                       initial_semispace_capacity,
+                       maximum_semispace_capacity)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!from_space_.Setup(start + maximum_semispace_capacity,
+                         initial_semispace_capacity,
+                         maximum_semispace_capacity)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  start_ = start;
+  address_mask_ = ~(size - 1);
+  object_mask_ = address_mask_ | kHeapObjectTagMask;
+  object_expected_ = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(start) | kHeapObjectTag;
+
+  allocation_info_.top = to_space_.low();
+  allocation_info_.limit = to_space_.high();
+  mc_forwarding_info_.top = NULL;
+  mc_forwarding_info_.limit = NULL;
+
+  ASSERT_SEMISPACE_ALLOCATION_INFO(allocation_info_, to_space_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+void NewSpace::TearDown() {
+#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(ENABLE_LOGGING_AND_PROFILING)
+  if (allocated_histogram_) {
+    DeleteArray(allocated_histogram_);
+    allocated_histogram_ = NULL;
+  }
+  if (promoted_histogram_) {
+    DeleteArray(promoted_histogram_);
+    promoted_histogram_ = NULL;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  start_ = NULL;
+  allocation_info_.top = NULL;
+  allocation_info_.limit = NULL;
+  mc_forwarding_info_.top = NULL;
+  mc_forwarding_info_.limit = NULL;
+
+  to_space_.TearDown();
+  from_space_.TearDown();
+}
+
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_HEAP_PROTECTION
+
+void NewSpace::Protect() {
+  MemoryAllocator::Protect(ToSpaceLow(), Capacity());
+  MemoryAllocator::Protect(FromSpaceLow(), Capacity());
+}
+
+
+void NewSpace::Unprotect() {
+  MemoryAllocator::Unprotect(ToSpaceLow(), Capacity(),
+                             to_space_.executable());
+  MemoryAllocator::Unprotect(FromSpaceLow(), Capacity(),
+                             from_space_.executable());
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+void NewSpace::Flip() {
+  SemiSpace tmp = from_space_;
+  from_space_ = to_space_;
+  to_space_ = tmp;
+}
+
+
+void NewSpace::Grow() {
+  ASSERT(Capacity() < MaximumCapacity());
+  if (to_space_.Grow()) {
+    // Only grow from space if we managed to grow to space.
+    if (!from_space_.Grow()) {
+      // If we managed to grow to space but couldn't grow from space,
+      // attempt to shrink to space.
+      if (!to_space_.ShrinkTo(from_space_.Capacity())) {
+        // We are in an inconsistent state because we could not
+        // commit/uncommit memory from new space.
+        V8::FatalProcessOutOfMemory("Failed to grow new space.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  allocation_info_.limit = to_space_.high();
+  ASSERT_SEMISPACE_ALLOCATION_INFO(allocation_info_, to_space_);
+}
+
+
+void NewSpace::Shrink() {
+  int new_capacity = Max(InitialCapacity(), 2 * SizeAsInt());
+  int rounded_new_capacity =
+      RoundUp(new_capacity, static_cast<int>(OS::AllocateAlignment()));
+  if (rounded_new_capacity < Capacity() &&
+      to_space_.ShrinkTo(rounded_new_capacity))  {
+    // Only shrink from space if we managed to shrink to space.
+    if (!from_space_.ShrinkTo(rounded_new_capacity)) {
+      // If we managed to shrink to space but couldn't shrink from
+      // space, attempt to grow to space again.
+      if (!to_space_.GrowTo(from_space_.Capacity())) {
+        // We are in an inconsistent state because we could not
+        // commit/uncommit memory from new space.
+        V8::FatalProcessOutOfMemory("Failed to shrink new space.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  allocation_info_.limit = to_space_.high();
+  ASSERT_SEMISPACE_ALLOCATION_INFO(allocation_info_, to_space_);
+}
+
+
+void NewSpace::ResetAllocationInfo() {
+  allocation_info_.top = to_space_.low();
+  allocation_info_.limit = to_space_.high();
+  ASSERT_SEMISPACE_ALLOCATION_INFO(allocation_info_, to_space_);
+}
+
+
+void NewSpace::MCResetRelocationInfo() {
+  mc_forwarding_info_.top = from_space_.low();
+  mc_forwarding_info_.limit = from_space_.high();
+  ASSERT_SEMISPACE_ALLOCATION_INFO(mc_forwarding_info_, from_space_);
+}
+
+
+void NewSpace::MCCommitRelocationInfo() {
+  // Assumes that the spaces have been flipped so that mc_forwarding_info_ is
+  // valid allocation info for the to space.
+  allocation_info_.top = mc_forwarding_info_.top;
+  allocation_info_.limit = to_space_.high();
+  ASSERT_SEMISPACE_ALLOCATION_INFO(allocation_info_, to_space_);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+// We do not use the SemispaceIterator because verification doesn't assume
+// that it works (it depends on the invariants we are checking).
+void NewSpace::Verify() {
+  // The allocation pointer should be in the space or at the very end.
+  ASSERT_SEMISPACE_ALLOCATION_INFO(allocation_info_, to_space_);
+
+  // There should be objects packed in from the low address up to the
+  // allocation pointer.
+  Address current = to_space_.low();
+  while (current < top()) {
+    HeapObject* object = HeapObject::FromAddress(current);
+
+    // The first word should be a map, and we expect all map pointers to
+    // be in map space.
+    Map* map = object->map();
+    ASSERT(map->IsMap());
+    ASSERT(Heap::map_space()->Contains(map));
+
+    // The object should not be code or a map.
+    ASSERT(!object->IsMap());
+    ASSERT(!object->IsCode());
+
+    // The object itself should look OK.
+    object->Verify();
+
+    // All the interior pointers should be contained in the heap.
+    VerifyPointersVisitor visitor;
+    int size = object->Size();
+    object->IterateBody(map->instance_type(), size, &visitor);
+
+    current += size;
+  }
+
+  // The allocation pointer should not be in the middle of an object.
+  ASSERT(current == top());
+}
+#endif
+
+
+bool SemiSpace::Commit() {
+  ASSERT(!is_committed());
+  if (!MemoryAllocator::CommitBlock(start_, capacity_, executable())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  committed_ = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool SemiSpace::Uncommit() {
+  ASSERT(is_committed());
+  if (!MemoryAllocator::UncommitBlock(start_, capacity_)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  committed_ = false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SemiSpace implementation
+
+bool SemiSpace::Setup(Address start,
+                      int initial_capacity,
+                      int maximum_capacity) {
+  // Creates a space in the young generation. The constructor does not
+  // allocate memory from the OS.  A SemiSpace is given a contiguous chunk of
+  // memory of size 'capacity' when set up, and does not grow or shrink
+  // otherwise.  In the mark-compact collector, the memory region of the from
+  // space is used as the marking stack. It requires contiguous memory
+  // addresses.
+  initial_capacity_ = initial_capacity;
+  capacity_ = initial_capacity;
+  maximum_capacity_ = maximum_capacity;
+  committed_ = false;
+
+  start_ = start;
+  address_mask_ = ~(maximum_capacity - 1);
+  object_mask_ = address_mask_ | kHeapObjectTagMask;
+  object_expected_ = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(start) | kHeapObjectTag;
+  age_mark_ = start_;
+
+  return Commit();
+}
+
+
+void SemiSpace::TearDown() {
+  start_ = NULL;
+  capacity_ = 0;
+}
+
+
+bool SemiSpace::Grow() {
+  // Double the semispace size but only up to maximum capacity.
+  int maximum_extra = maximum_capacity_ - capacity_;
+  int extra = Min(RoundUp(capacity_, static_cast<int>(OS::AllocateAlignment())),
+                  maximum_extra);
+  if (!MemoryAllocator::CommitBlock(high(), extra, executable())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  capacity_ += extra;
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool SemiSpace::GrowTo(int new_capacity) {
+  ASSERT(new_capacity <= maximum_capacity_);
+  ASSERT(new_capacity > capacity_);
+  size_t delta = new_capacity - capacity_;
+  ASSERT(IsAligned(delta, OS::AllocateAlignment()));
+  if (!MemoryAllocator::CommitBlock(high(), delta, executable())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  capacity_ = new_capacity;
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool SemiSpace::ShrinkTo(int new_capacity) {
+  ASSERT(new_capacity >= initial_capacity_);
+  ASSERT(new_capacity < capacity_);
+  size_t delta = capacity_ - new_capacity;
+  ASSERT(IsAligned(delta, OS::AllocateAlignment()));
+  if (!MemoryAllocator::UncommitBlock(high() - delta, delta)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  capacity_ = new_capacity;
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+void SemiSpace::Print() { }
+
+
+void SemiSpace::Verify() { }
+#endif
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SemiSpaceIterator implementation.
+SemiSpaceIterator::SemiSpaceIterator(NewSpace* space) {
+  Initialize(space, space->bottom(), space->top(), NULL);
+}
+
+
+SemiSpaceIterator::SemiSpaceIterator(NewSpace* space,
+                                     HeapObjectCallback size_func) {
+  Initialize(space, space->bottom(), space->top(), size_func);
+}
+
+
+SemiSpaceIterator::SemiSpaceIterator(NewSpace* space, Address start) {
+  Initialize(space, start, space->top(), NULL);
+}
+
+
+void SemiSpaceIterator::Initialize(NewSpace* space, Address start,
+                                   Address end,
+                                   HeapObjectCallback size_func) {
+  ASSERT(space->ToSpaceContains(start));
+  ASSERT(space->ToSpaceLow() <= end
+         && end <= space->ToSpaceHigh());
+  space_ = &space->to_space_;
+  current_ = start;
+  limit_ = end;
+  size_func_ = size_func;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+// A static array of histogram info for each type.
+static HistogramInfo heap_histograms[LAST_TYPE+1];
+static JSObject::SpillInformation js_spill_information;
+
+// heap_histograms is shared, always clear it before using it.
+static void ClearHistograms() {
+  // We reset the name each time, though it hasn't changed.
+#define DEF_TYPE_NAME(name) heap_histograms[name].set_name(#name);
+  INSTANCE_TYPE_LIST(DEF_TYPE_NAME)
+#undef DEF_TYPE_NAME
+
+#define CLEAR_HISTOGRAM(name) heap_histograms[name].clear();
+  INSTANCE_TYPE_LIST(CLEAR_HISTOGRAM)
+#undef CLEAR_HISTOGRAM
+
+  js_spill_information.Clear();
+}
+
+
+static int code_kind_statistics[Code::NUMBER_OF_KINDS];
+
+
+static void ClearCodeKindStatistics() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < Code::NUMBER_OF_KINDS; i++) {
+    code_kind_statistics[i] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void ReportCodeKindStatistics() {
+  const char* table[Code::NUMBER_OF_KINDS] = { NULL };
+
+#define CASE(name)                            \
+  case Code::name: table[Code::name] = #name; \
+  break
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < Code::NUMBER_OF_KINDS; i++) {
+    switch (static_cast<Code::Kind>(i)) {
+      CASE(FUNCTION);
+      CASE(OPTIMIZED_FUNCTION);
+      CASE(STUB);
+      CASE(BUILTIN);
+      CASE(LOAD_IC);
+      CASE(KEYED_LOAD_IC);
+      CASE(STORE_IC);
+      CASE(KEYED_STORE_IC);
+      CASE(CALL_IC);
+      CASE(KEYED_CALL_IC);
+      CASE(BINARY_OP_IC);
+      CASE(TYPE_RECORDING_BINARY_OP_IC);
+      CASE(COMPARE_IC);
+    }
+  }
+
+#undef CASE
+
+  PrintF("\n   Code kind histograms: \n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < Code::NUMBER_OF_KINDS; i++) {
+    if (code_kind_statistics[i] > 0) {
+      PrintF("     %-20s: %10d bytes\n", table[i], code_kind_statistics[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  PrintF("\n");
+}
+
+
+static int CollectHistogramInfo(HeapObject* obj) {
+  InstanceType type = obj->map()->instance_type();
+  ASSERT(0 <= type && type <= LAST_TYPE);
+  ASSERT(heap_histograms[type].name() != NULL);
+  heap_histograms[type].increment_number(1);
+  heap_histograms[type].increment_bytes(obj->Size());
+
+  if (FLAG_collect_heap_spill_statistics && obj->IsJSObject()) {
+    JSObject::cast(obj)->IncrementSpillStatistics(&js_spill_information);
+  }
+
+  return obj->Size();
+}
+
+
+static void ReportHistogram(bool print_spill) {
+  PrintF("\n  Object Histogram:\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i <= LAST_TYPE; i++) {
+    if (heap_histograms[i].number() > 0) {
+      PrintF("    %-34s%10d (%10d bytes)\n",
+             heap_histograms[i].name(),
+             heap_histograms[i].number(),
+             heap_histograms[i].bytes());
+    }
+  }
+  PrintF("\n");
+
+  // Summarize string types.
+  int string_number = 0;
+  int string_bytes = 0;
+#define INCREMENT(type, size, name, camel_name)      \
+    string_number += heap_histograms[type].number(); \
+    string_bytes += heap_histograms[type].bytes();
+  STRING_TYPE_LIST(INCREMENT)
+#undef INCREMENT
+  if (string_number > 0) {
+    PrintF("    %-34s%10d (%10d bytes)\n\n", "STRING_TYPE", string_number,
+           string_bytes);
+  }
+
+  if (FLAG_collect_heap_spill_statistics && print_spill) {
+    js_spill_information.Print();
+  }
+}
+#endif  // DEBUG
+
+
+// Support for statistics gathering for --heap-stats and --log-gc.
+#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(ENABLE_LOGGING_AND_PROFILING)
+void NewSpace::ClearHistograms() {
+  for (int i = 0; i <= LAST_TYPE; i++) {
+    allocated_histogram_[i].clear();
+    promoted_histogram_[i].clear();
+  }
+}
+
+// Because the copying collector does not touch garbage objects, we iterate
+// the new space before a collection to get a histogram of allocated objects.
+// This only happens (1) when compiled with DEBUG and the --heap-stats flag is
+// set, or when compiled with ENABLE_LOGGING_AND_PROFILING and the --log-gc
+// flag is set.
+void NewSpace::CollectStatistics() {
+  ClearHistograms();
+  SemiSpaceIterator it(this);
+  for (HeapObject* obj = it.next(); obj != NULL; obj = it.next())
+    RecordAllocation(obj);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_LOGGING_AND_PROFILING
+static void DoReportStatistics(HistogramInfo* info, const char* description) {
+  LOG(HeapSampleBeginEvent("NewSpace", description));
+  // Lump all the string types together.
+  int string_number = 0;
+  int string_bytes = 0;
+#define INCREMENT(type, size, name, camel_name)       \
+    string_number += info[type].number();             \
+    string_bytes += info[type].bytes();
+  STRING_TYPE_LIST(INCREMENT)
+#undef INCREMENT
+  if (string_number > 0) {
+    LOG(HeapSampleItemEvent("STRING_TYPE", string_number, string_bytes));
+  }
+
+  // Then do the other types.
+  for (int i = FIRST_NONSTRING_TYPE; i <= LAST_TYPE; ++i) {
+    if (info[i].number() > 0) {
+      LOG(HeapSampleItemEvent(info[i].name(), info[i].number(),
+                              info[i].bytes()));
+    }
+  }
+  LOG(HeapSampleEndEvent("NewSpace", description));
+}
+#endif  // ENABLE_LOGGING_AND_PROFILING
+
+
+void NewSpace::ReportStatistics() {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  if (FLAG_heap_stats) {
+    float pct = static_cast<float>(Available()) / Capacity();
+    PrintF("  capacity: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d"
+               ", available: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d, %%%d\n",
+           Capacity(), Available(), static_cast<int>(pct*100));
+    PrintF("\n  Object Histogram:\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i <= LAST_TYPE; i++) {
+      if (allocated_histogram_[i].number() > 0) {
+        PrintF("    %-34s%10d (%10d bytes)\n",
+               allocated_histogram_[i].name(),
+               allocated_histogram_[i].number(),
+               allocated_histogram_[i].bytes());
+      }
+    }
+    PrintF("\n");
+  }
+#endif  // DEBUG
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_LOGGING_AND_PROFILING
+  if (FLAG_log_gc) {
+    DoReportStatistics(allocated_histogram_, "allocated");
+    DoReportStatistics(promoted_histogram_, "promoted");
+  }
+#endif  // ENABLE_LOGGING_AND_PROFILING
+}
+
+
+void NewSpace::RecordAllocation(HeapObject* obj) {
+  InstanceType type = obj->map()->instance_type();
+  ASSERT(0 <= type && type <= LAST_TYPE);
+  allocated_histogram_[type].increment_number(1);
+  allocated_histogram_[type].increment_bytes(obj->Size());
+}
+
+
+void NewSpace::RecordPromotion(HeapObject* obj) {
+  InstanceType type = obj->map()->instance_type();
+  ASSERT(0 <= type && type <= LAST_TYPE);
+  promoted_histogram_[type].increment_number(1);
+  promoted_histogram_[type].increment_bytes(obj->Size());
+}
+#endif  // defined(DEBUG) || defined(ENABLE_LOGGING_AND_PROFILING)
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Free lists for old object spaces implementation
+
+void FreeListNode::set_size(int size_in_bytes) {
+  ASSERT(size_in_bytes > 0);
+  ASSERT(IsAligned(size_in_bytes, kPointerSize));
+
+  // We write a map and possibly size information to the block.  If the block
+  // is big enough to be a ByteArray with at least one extra word (the next
+  // pointer), we set its map to be the byte array map and its size to an
+  // appropriate array length for the desired size from HeapObject::Size().
+  // If the block is too small (eg, one or two words), to hold both a size
+  // field and a next pointer, we give it a filler map that gives it the
+  // correct size.
+  if (size_in_bytes > ByteArray::kHeaderSize) {
+    set_map(Heap::raw_unchecked_byte_array_map());
+    // Can't use ByteArray::cast because it fails during deserialization.
+    ByteArray* this_as_byte_array = reinterpret_cast<ByteArray*>(this);
+    this_as_byte_array->set_length(ByteArray::LengthFor(size_in_bytes));
+  } else if (size_in_bytes == kPointerSize) {
+    set_map(Heap::raw_unchecked_one_pointer_filler_map());
+  } else if (size_in_bytes == 2 * kPointerSize) {
+    set_map(Heap::raw_unchecked_two_pointer_filler_map());
+  } else {
+    UNREACHABLE();
+  }
+  // We would like to ASSERT(Size() == size_in_bytes) but this would fail during
+  // deserialization because the byte array map is not done yet.
+}
+
+
+Address FreeListNode::next() {
+  ASSERT(IsFreeListNode(this));
+  if (map() == Heap::raw_unchecked_byte_array_map()) {
+    ASSERT(Size() >= kNextOffset + kPointerSize);
+    return Memory::Address_at(address() + kNextOffset);
+  } else {
+    return Memory::Address_at(address() + kPointerSize);
+  }
+}
+
+
+void FreeListNode::set_next(Address next) {
+  ASSERT(IsFreeListNode(this));
+  if (map() == Heap::raw_unchecked_byte_array_map()) {
+    ASSERT(Size() >= kNextOffset + kPointerSize);
+    Memory::Address_at(address() + kNextOffset) = next;
+  } else {
+    Memory::Address_at(address() + kPointerSize) = next;
+  }
+}
+
+
+OldSpaceFreeList::OldSpaceFreeList(AllocationSpace owner) : owner_(owner) {
+  Reset();
+}
+
+
+void OldSpaceFreeList::Reset() {
+  available_ = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < kFreeListsLength; i++) {
+    free_[i].head_node_ = NULL;
+  }
+  needs_rebuild_ = false;
+  finger_ = kHead;
+  free_[kHead].next_size_ = kEnd;
+}
+
+
+void OldSpaceFreeList::RebuildSizeList() {
+  ASSERT(needs_rebuild_);
+  int cur = kHead;
+  for (int i = cur + 1; i < kFreeListsLength; i++) {
+    if (free_[i].head_node_ != NULL) {
+      free_[cur].next_size_ = i;
+      cur = i;
+    }
+  }
+  free_[cur].next_size_ = kEnd;
+  needs_rebuild_ = false;
+}
+
+
+int OldSpaceFreeList::Free(Address start, int size_in_bytes) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  MemoryAllocator::ZapBlock(start, size_in_bytes);
+#endif
+  FreeListNode* node = FreeListNode::FromAddress(start);
+  node->set_size(size_in_bytes);
+
+  // We don't use the freelists in compacting mode.  This makes it more like a
+  // GC that only has mark-sweep-compact and doesn't have a mark-sweep
+  // collector.
+  if (FLAG_always_compact) {
+    return size_in_bytes;
+  }
+
+  // Early return to drop too-small blocks on the floor (one or two word
+  // blocks cannot hold a map pointer, a size field, and a pointer to the
+  // next block in the free list).
+  if (size_in_bytes < kMinBlockSize) {
+    return size_in_bytes;
+  }
+
+  // Insert other blocks at the head of an exact free list.
+  int index = size_in_bytes >> kPointerSizeLog2;
+  node->set_next(free_[index].head_node_);
+  free_[index].head_node_ = node->address();
+  available_ += size_in_bytes;
+  needs_rebuild_ = true;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+MaybeObject* OldSpaceFreeList::Allocate(int size_in_bytes, int* wasted_bytes) {
+  ASSERT(0 < size_in_bytes);
+  ASSERT(size_in_bytes <= kMaxBlockSize);
+  ASSERT(IsAligned(size_in_bytes, kPointerSize));
+
+  if (needs_rebuild_) RebuildSizeList();
+  int index = size_in_bytes >> kPointerSizeLog2;
+  // Check for a perfect fit.
+  if (free_[index].head_node_ != NULL) {
+    FreeListNode* node = FreeListNode::FromAddress(free_[index].head_node_);
+    // If this was the last block of its size, remove the size.
+    if ((free_[index].head_node_ = node->next()) == NULL) RemoveSize(index);
+    available_ -= size_in_bytes;
+    *wasted_bytes = 0;
+    ASSERT(!FLAG_always_compact);  // We only use the freelists with mark-sweep.
+    return node;
+  }
+  // Search the size list for the best fit.
+  int prev = finger_ < index ? finger_ : kHead;
+  int cur = FindSize(index, &prev);
+  ASSERT(index < cur);
+  if (cur == kEnd) {
+    // No large enough size in list.
+    *wasted_bytes = 0;
+    return Failure::RetryAfterGC(owner_);
+  }
+  ASSERT(!FLAG_always_compact);  // We only use the freelists with mark-sweep.
+  int rem = cur - index;
+  int rem_bytes = rem << kPointerSizeLog2;
+  FreeListNode* cur_node = FreeListNode::FromAddress(free_[cur].head_node_);
+  ASSERT(cur_node->Size() == (cur << kPointerSizeLog2));
+  FreeListNode* rem_node = FreeListNode::FromAddress(free_[cur].head_node_ +
+                                                     size_in_bytes);
+  // Distinguish the cases prev < rem < cur and rem <= prev < cur
+  // to avoid many redundant tests and calls to Insert/RemoveSize.
+  if (prev < rem) {
+    // Simple case: insert rem between prev and cur.
+    finger_ = prev;
+    free_[prev].next_size_ = rem;
+    // If this was the last block of size cur, remove the size.
+    if ((free_[cur].head_node_ = cur_node->next()) == NULL) {
+      free_[rem].next_size_ = free_[cur].next_size_;
+    } else {
+      free_[rem].next_size_ = cur;
+    }
+    // Add the remainder block.
+    rem_node->set_size(rem_bytes);
+    rem_node->set_next(free_[rem].head_node_);
+    free_[rem].head_node_ = rem_node->address();
+  } else {
+    // If this was the last block of size cur, remove the size.
+    if ((free_[cur].head_node_ = cur_node->next()) == NULL) {
+      finger_ = prev;
+      free_[prev].next_size_ = free_[cur].next_size_;
+    }
+    if (rem_bytes < kMinBlockSize) {
+      // Too-small remainder is wasted.
+      rem_node->set_size(rem_bytes);
+      available_ -= size_in_bytes + rem_bytes;
+      *wasted_bytes = rem_bytes;
+      return cur_node;
+    }
+    // Add the remainder block and, if needed, insert its size.
+    rem_node->set_size(rem_bytes);
+    rem_node->set_next(free_[rem].head_node_);
+    free_[rem].head_node_ = rem_node->address();
+    if (rem_node->next() == NULL) InsertSize(rem);
+  }
+  available_ -= size_in_bytes;
+  *wasted_bytes = 0;
+  return cur_node;
+}
+
+
+void OldSpaceFreeList::MarkNodes() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < kFreeListsLength; i++) {
+    Address cur_addr = free_[i].head_node_;
+    while (cur_addr != NULL) {
+      FreeListNode* cur_node = FreeListNode::FromAddress(cur_addr);
+      cur_addr = cur_node->next();
+      cur_node->SetMark();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+bool OldSpaceFreeList::Contains(FreeListNode* node) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < kFreeListsLength; i++) {
+    Address cur_addr = free_[i].head_node_;
+    while (cur_addr != NULL) {
+      FreeListNode* cur_node = FreeListNode::FromAddress(cur_addr);
+      if (cur_node == node) return true;
+      cur_addr = cur_node->next();
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+FixedSizeFreeList::FixedSizeFreeList(AllocationSpace owner, int object_size)
+    : owner_(owner), object_size_(object_size) {
+  Reset();
+}
+
+
+void FixedSizeFreeList::Reset() {
+  available_ = 0;
+  head_ = tail_ = NULL;
+}
+
+
+void FixedSizeFreeList::Free(Address start) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  MemoryAllocator::ZapBlock(start, object_size_);
+#endif
+  // We only use the freelists with mark-sweep.
+  ASSERT(!MarkCompactCollector::IsCompacting());
+  FreeListNode* node = FreeListNode::FromAddress(start);
+  node->set_size(object_size_);
+  node->set_next(NULL);
+  if (head_ == NULL) {
+    tail_ = head_ = node->address();
+  } else {
+    FreeListNode::FromAddress(tail_)->set_next(node->address());
+    tail_ = node->address();
+  }
+  available_ += object_size_;
+}
+
+
+MaybeObject* FixedSizeFreeList::Allocate() {
+  if (head_ == NULL) {
+    return Failure::RetryAfterGC(owner_);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT(!FLAG_always_compact);  // We only use the freelists with mark-sweep.
+  FreeListNode* node = FreeListNode::FromAddress(head_);
+  head_ = node->next();
+  available_ -= object_size_;
+  return node;
+}
+
+
+void FixedSizeFreeList::MarkNodes() {
+  Address cur_addr = head_;
+  while (cur_addr != NULL && cur_addr != tail_) {
+    FreeListNode* cur_node = FreeListNode::FromAddress(cur_addr);
+    cur_addr = cur_node->next();
+    cur_node->SetMark();
+  }
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// OldSpace implementation
+
+void OldSpace::PrepareForMarkCompact(bool will_compact) {
+  // Call prepare of the super class.
+  PagedSpace::PrepareForMarkCompact(will_compact);
+
+  if (will_compact) {
+    // Reset relocation info.  During a compacting collection, everything in
+    // the space is considered 'available' and we will rediscover live data
+    // and waste during the collection.
+    MCResetRelocationInfo();
+    ASSERT(Available() == Capacity());
+  } else {
+    // During a non-compacting collection, everything below the linear
+    // allocation pointer is considered allocated (everything above is
+    // available) and we will rediscover available and wasted bytes during
+    // the collection.
+    accounting_stats_.AllocateBytes(free_list_.available());
+    accounting_stats_.FillWastedBytes(Waste());
+  }
+
+  // Clear the free list before a full GC---it will be rebuilt afterward.
+  free_list_.Reset();
+}
+
+
+void OldSpace::MCCommitRelocationInfo() {
+  // Update fast allocation info.
+  allocation_info_.top = mc_forwarding_info_.top;
+  allocation_info_.limit = mc_forwarding_info_.limit;
+  ASSERT(allocation_info_.VerifyPagedAllocation());
+
+  // The space is compacted and we haven't yet built free lists or
+  // wasted any space.
+  ASSERT(Waste() == 0);
+  ASSERT(AvailableFree() == 0);
+
+  // Build the free list for the space.
+  int computed_size = 0;
+  PageIterator it(this, PageIterator::PAGES_USED_BY_MC);
+  while (it.has_next()) {
+    Page* p = it.next();
+    // Space below the relocation pointer is allocated.
+    computed_size +=
+        static_cast<int>(p->AllocationWatermark() - p->ObjectAreaStart());
+    if (it.has_next()) {
+      // Free the space at the top of the page.
+      int extra_size =
+          static_cast<int>(p->ObjectAreaEnd() - p->AllocationWatermark());
+      if (extra_size > 0) {
+        int wasted_bytes = free_list_.Free(p->AllocationWatermark(),
+                                           extra_size);
+        // The bytes we have just "freed" to add to the free list were
+        // already accounted as available.
+        accounting_stats_.WasteBytes(wasted_bytes);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Make sure the computed size - based on the used portion of the pages in
+  // use - matches the size obtained while computing forwarding addresses.
+  ASSERT(computed_size == Size());
+}
+
+
+bool NewSpace::ReserveSpace(int bytes) {
+  // We can't reliably unpack a partial snapshot that needs more new space
+  // space than the minimum NewSpace size.
+  ASSERT(bytes <= InitialCapacity());
+  Address limit = allocation_info_.limit;
+  Address top = allocation_info_.top;
+  return limit - top >= bytes;
+}
+
+
+void PagedSpace::FreePages(Page* prev, Page* last) {
+  if (last == AllocationTopPage()) {
+    // Pages are already at the end of used pages.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Page* first = NULL;
+
+  // Remove pages from the list.
+  if (prev == NULL) {
+    first = first_page_;
+    first_page_ = last->next_page();
+  } else {
+    first = prev->next_page();
+    MemoryAllocator::SetNextPage(prev, last->next_page());
+  }
+
+  // Attach it after the last page.
+  MemoryAllocator::SetNextPage(last_page_, first);
+  last_page_ = last;
+  MemoryAllocator::SetNextPage(last, NULL);
+
+  // Clean them up.
+  do {
+    first->InvalidateWatermark(true);
+    first->SetAllocationWatermark(first->ObjectAreaStart());
+    first->SetCachedAllocationWatermark(first->ObjectAreaStart());
+    first->SetRegionMarks(Page::kAllRegionsCleanMarks);
+    first = first->next_page();
+  } while (first != NULL);
+
+  // Order of pages in this space might no longer be consistent with
+  // order of pages in chunks.
+  page_list_is_chunk_ordered_ = false;
+}
+
+
+void PagedSpace::RelinkPageListInChunkOrder(bool deallocate_blocks) {
+  const bool add_to_freelist = true;
+
+  // Mark used and unused pages to properly fill unused pages
+  // after reordering.
+  PageIterator all_pages_iterator(this, PageIterator::ALL_PAGES);
+  Page* last_in_use = AllocationTopPage();
+  bool in_use = true;
+
+  while (all_pages_iterator.has_next()) {
+    Page* p = all_pages_iterator.next();
+    p->SetWasInUseBeforeMC(in_use);
+    if (p == last_in_use) {
+      // We passed a page containing allocation top. All consequent
+      // pages are not used.
+      in_use = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (page_list_is_chunk_ordered_) return;
+
+  Page* new_last_in_use = Page::FromAddress(NULL);
+  MemoryAllocator::RelinkPageListInChunkOrder(this,
+                                              &first_page_,
+                                              &last_page_,
+                                              &new_last_in_use);
+  ASSERT(new_last_in_use->is_valid());
+
+  if (new_last_in_use != last_in_use) {
+    // Current allocation top points to a page which is now in the middle
+    // of page list. We should move allocation top forward to the new last
+    // used page so various object iterators will continue to work properly.
+    int size_in_bytes = static_cast<int>(PageAllocationLimit(last_in_use) -
+                                         last_in_use->AllocationTop());
+
+    last_in_use->SetAllocationWatermark(last_in_use->AllocationTop());
+    if (size_in_bytes > 0) {
+      Address start = last_in_use->AllocationTop();
+      if (deallocate_blocks) {
+        accounting_stats_.AllocateBytes(size_in_bytes);
+        DeallocateBlock(start, size_in_bytes, add_to_freelist);
+      } else {
+        Heap::CreateFillerObjectAt(start, size_in_bytes);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // New last in use page was in the middle of the list before
+    // sorting so it full.
+    SetTop(new_last_in_use->AllocationTop());
+
+    ASSERT(AllocationTopPage() == new_last_in_use);
+    ASSERT(AllocationTopPage()->WasInUseBeforeMC());
+  }
+
+  PageIterator pages_in_use_iterator(this, PageIterator::PAGES_IN_USE);
+  while (pages_in_use_iterator.has_next()) {
+    Page* p = pages_in_use_iterator.next();
+    if (!p->WasInUseBeforeMC()) {
+      // Empty page is in the middle of a sequence of used pages.
+      // Allocate it as a whole and deallocate immediately.
+      int size_in_bytes = static_cast<int>(PageAllocationLimit(p) -
+                                           p->ObjectAreaStart());
+
+      p->SetAllocationWatermark(p->ObjectAreaStart());
+      Address start = p->ObjectAreaStart();
+      if (deallocate_blocks) {
+        accounting_stats_.AllocateBytes(size_in_bytes);
+        DeallocateBlock(start, size_in_bytes, add_to_freelist);
+      } else {
+        Heap::CreateFillerObjectAt(start, size_in_bytes);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  page_list_is_chunk_ordered_ = true;
+}
+
+
+void PagedSpace::PrepareForMarkCompact(bool will_compact) {
+  if (will_compact) {
+    RelinkPageListInChunkOrder(false);
+  }
+}
+
+
+bool PagedSpace::ReserveSpace(int bytes) {
+  Address limit = allocation_info_.limit;
+  Address top = allocation_info_.top;
+  if (limit - top >= bytes) return true;
+
+  // There wasn't enough space in the current page.  Lets put the rest
+  // of the page on the free list and start a fresh page.
+  PutRestOfCurrentPageOnFreeList(TopPageOf(allocation_info_));
+
+  Page* reserved_page = TopPageOf(allocation_info_);
+  int bytes_left_to_reserve = bytes;
+  while (bytes_left_to_reserve > 0) {
+    if (!reserved_page->next_page()->is_valid()) {
+      if (Heap::OldGenerationAllocationLimitReached()) return false;
+      Expand(reserved_page);
+    }
+    bytes_left_to_reserve -= Page::kPageSize;
+    reserved_page = reserved_page->next_page();
+    if (!reserved_page->is_valid()) return false;
+  }
+  ASSERT(TopPageOf(allocation_info_)->next_page()->is_valid());
+  TopPageOf(allocation_info_)->next_page()->InvalidateWatermark(true);
+  SetAllocationInfo(&allocation_info_,
+                    TopPageOf(allocation_info_)->next_page());
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+// You have to call this last, since the implementation from PagedSpace
+// doesn't know that memory was 'promised' to large object space.
+bool LargeObjectSpace::ReserveSpace(int bytes) {
+  return Heap::OldGenerationSpaceAvailable() >= bytes;
+}
+
+
+// Slow case for normal allocation.  Try in order: (1) allocate in the next
+// page in the space, (2) allocate off the space's free list, (3) expand the
+// space, (4) fail.
+HeapObject* OldSpace::SlowAllocateRaw(int size_in_bytes) {
+  // Linear allocation in this space has failed.  If there is another page
+  // in the space, move to that page and allocate there.  This allocation
+  // should succeed (size_in_bytes should not be greater than a page's
+  // object area size).
+  Page* current_page = TopPageOf(allocation_info_);
+  if (current_page->next_page()->is_valid()) {
+    return AllocateInNextPage(current_page, size_in_bytes);
+  }
+
+  // There is no next page in this space.  Try free list allocation unless that
+  // is currently forbidden.
+  if (!Heap::linear_allocation()) {
+    int wasted_bytes;
+    Object* result;
+    MaybeObject* maybe = free_list_.Allocate(size_in_bytes, &wasted_bytes);
+    accounting_stats_.WasteBytes(wasted_bytes);
+    if (maybe->ToObject(&result)) {
+      accounting_stats_.AllocateBytes(size_in_bytes);
+
+      HeapObject* obj = HeapObject::cast(result);
+      Page* p = Page::FromAddress(obj->address());
+
+      if (obj->address() >= p->AllocationWatermark()) {
+        // There should be no hole between the allocation watermark
+        // and allocated object address.
+        // Memory above the allocation watermark was not swept and
+        // might contain garbage pointers to new space.
+        ASSERT(obj->address() == p->AllocationWatermark());
+        p->SetAllocationWatermark(obj->address() + size_in_bytes);
+      }
+
+      return obj;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Free list allocation failed and there is no next page.  Fail if we have
+  // hit the old generation size limit that should cause a garbage
+  // collection.
+  if (!Heap::always_allocate() && Heap::OldGenerationAllocationLimitReached()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Try to expand the space and allocate in the new next page.
+  ASSERT(!current_page->next_page()->is_valid());
+  if (Expand(current_page)) {
+    return AllocateInNextPage(current_page, size_in_bytes);
+  }
+
+  // Finally, fail.
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+void OldSpace::PutRestOfCurrentPageOnFreeList(Page* current_page) {
+  current_page->SetAllocationWatermark(allocation_info_.top);
+  int free_size =
+      static_cast<int>(current_page->ObjectAreaEnd() - allocation_info_.top);
+  if (free_size > 0) {
+    int wasted_bytes = free_list_.Free(allocation_info_.top, free_size);
+    accounting_stats_.WasteBytes(wasted_bytes);
+  }
+}
+
+
+void FixedSpace::PutRestOfCurrentPageOnFreeList(Page* current_page) {
+  current_page->SetAllocationWatermark(allocation_info_.top);
+  int free_size =
+      static_cast<int>(current_page->ObjectAreaEnd() - allocation_info_.top);
+  // In the fixed space free list all the free list items have the right size.
+  // We use up the rest of the page while preserving this invariant.
+  while (free_size >= object_size_in_bytes_) {
+    free_list_.Free(allocation_info_.top);
+    allocation_info_.top += object_size_in_bytes_;
+    free_size -= object_size_in_bytes_;
+    accounting_stats_.WasteBytes(object_size_in_bytes_);
+  }
+}
+
+
+// Add the block at the top of the page to the space's free list, set the
+// allocation info to the next page (assumed to be one), and allocate
+// linearly there.
+HeapObject* OldSpace::AllocateInNextPage(Page* current_page,
+                                         int size_in_bytes) {
+  ASSERT(current_page->next_page()->is_valid());
+  Page* next_page = current_page->next_page();
+  next_page->ClearGCFields();
+  PutRestOfCurrentPageOnFreeList(current_page);
+  SetAllocationInfo(&allocation_info_, next_page);
+  return AllocateLinearly(&allocation_info_, size_in_bytes);
+}
+
+
+void OldSpace::DeallocateBlock(Address start,
+                                 int size_in_bytes,
+                                 bool add_to_freelist) {
+  Free(start, size_in_bytes, add_to_freelist);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+struct CommentStatistic {
+  const char* comment;
+  int size;
+  int count;
+  void Clear() {
+    comment = NULL;
+    size = 0;
+    count = 0;
+  }
+};
+
+
+// must be small, since an iteration is used for lookup
+const int kMaxComments = 64;
+static CommentStatistic comments_statistics[kMaxComments+1];
+
+
+void PagedSpace::ReportCodeStatistics() {
+  ReportCodeKindStatistics();
+  PrintF("Code comment statistics (\"   [ comment-txt   :    size/   "
+         "count  (average)\"):\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i <= kMaxComments; i++) {
+    const CommentStatistic& cs = comments_statistics[i];
+    if (cs.size > 0) {
+      PrintF("   %-30s: %10d/%6d     (%d)\n", cs.comment, cs.size, cs.count,
+             cs.size/cs.count);
+    }
+  }
+  PrintF("\n");
+}
+
+
+void PagedSpace::ResetCodeStatistics() {
+  ClearCodeKindStatistics();
+  for (int i = 0; i < kMaxComments; i++) comments_statistics[i].Clear();
+  comments_statistics[kMaxComments].comment = "Unknown";
+  comments_statistics[kMaxComments].size = 0;
+  comments_statistics[kMaxComments].count = 0;
+}
+
+
+// Adds comment to 'comment_statistics' table. Performance OK sa long as
+// 'kMaxComments' is small
+static void EnterComment(const char* comment, int delta) {
+  // Do not count empty comments
+  if (delta <= 0) return;
+  CommentStatistic* cs = &comments_statistics[kMaxComments];
+  // Search for a free or matching entry in 'comments_statistics': 'cs'
+  // points to result.
+  for (int i = 0; i < kMaxComments; i++) {
+    if (comments_statistics[i].comment == NULL) {
+      cs = &comments_statistics[i];
+      cs->comment = comment;
+      break;
+    } else if (strcmp(comments_statistics[i].comment, comment) == 0) {
+      cs = &comments_statistics[i];
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  // Update entry for 'comment'
+  cs->size += delta;
+  cs->count += 1;
+}
+
+
+// Call for each nested comment start (start marked with '[ xxx', end marked
+// with ']'.  RelocIterator 'it' must point to a comment reloc info.
+static void CollectCommentStatistics(RelocIterator* it) {
+  ASSERT(!it->done());
+  ASSERT(it->rinfo()->rmode() == RelocInfo::COMMENT);
+  const char* tmp = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(it->rinfo()->data());
+  if (tmp[0] != '[') {
+    // Not a nested comment; skip
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Search for end of nested comment or a new nested comment
+  const char* const comment_txt =
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(it->rinfo()->data());
+  const byte* prev_pc = it->rinfo()->pc();
+  int flat_delta = 0;
+  it->next();
+  while (true) {
+    // All nested comments must be terminated properly, and therefore exit
+    // from loop.
+    ASSERT(!it->done());
+    if (it->rinfo()->rmode() == RelocInfo::COMMENT) {
+      const char* const txt =
+          reinterpret_cast<const char*>(it->rinfo()->data());
+      flat_delta += static_cast<int>(it->rinfo()->pc() - prev_pc);
+      if (txt[0] == ']') break;  // End of nested  comment
+      // A new comment
+      CollectCommentStatistics(it);
+      // Skip code that was covered with previous comment
+      prev_pc = it->rinfo()->pc();
+    }
+    it->next();
+  }
+  EnterComment(comment_txt, flat_delta);
+}
+
+
+// Collects code size statistics:
+// - by code kind
+// - by code comment
+void PagedSpace::CollectCodeStatistics() {
+  HeapObjectIterator obj_it(this);
+  for (HeapObject* obj = obj_it.next(); obj != NULL; obj = obj_it.next()) {
+    if (obj->IsCode()) {
+      Code* code = Code::cast(obj);
+      code_kind_statistics[code->kind()] += code->Size();
+      RelocIterator it(code);
+      int delta = 0;
+      const byte* prev_pc = code->instruction_start();
+      while (!it.done()) {
+        if (it.rinfo()->rmode() == RelocInfo::COMMENT) {
+          delta += static_cast<int>(it.rinfo()->pc() - prev_pc);
+          CollectCommentStatistics(&it);
+          prev_pc = it.rinfo()->pc();
+        }
+        it.next();
+      }
+
+      ASSERT(code->instruction_start() <= prev_pc &&
+             prev_pc <= code->instruction_end());
+      delta += static_cast<int>(code->instruction_end() - prev_pc);
+      EnterComment("NoComment", delta);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void OldSpace::ReportStatistics() {
+  int pct = static_cast<int>(Available() * 100 / Capacity());
+  PrintF("  capacity: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d"
+             ", waste: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d"
+             ", available: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d, %%%d\n",
+         Capacity(), Waste(), Available(), pct);
+
+  ClearHistograms();
+  HeapObjectIterator obj_it(this);
+  for (HeapObject* obj = obj_it.next(); obj != NULL; obj = obj_it.next())
+    CollectHistogramInfo(obj);
+  ReportHistogram(true);
+}
+#endif
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FixedSpace implementation
+
+void FixedSpace::PrepareForMarkCompact(bool will_compact) {
+  // Call prepare of the super class.
+  PagedSpace::PrepareForMarkCompact(will_compact);
+
+  if (will_compact) {
+    // Reset relocation info.
+    MCResetRelocationInfo();
+
+    // During a compacting collection, everything in the space is considered
+    // 'available' (set by the call to MCResetRelocationInfo) and we will
+    // rediscover live and wasted bytes during the collection.
+    ASSERT(Available() == Capacity());
+  } else {
+    // During a non-compacting collection, everything below the linear
+    // allocation pointer except wasted top-of-page blocks is considered
+    // allocated and we will rediscover available bytes during the
+    // collection.
+    accounting_stats_.AllocateBytes(free_list_.available());
+  }
+
+  // Clear the free list before a full GC---it will be rebuilt afterward.
+  free_list_.Reset();
+}
+
+
+void FixedSpace::MCCommitRelocationInfo() {
+  // Update fast allocation info.
+  allocation_info_.top = mc_forwarding_info_.top;
+  allocation_info_.limit = mc_forwarding_info_.limit;
+  ASSERT(allocation_info_.VerifyPagedAllocation());
+
+  // The space is compacted and we haven't yet wasted any space.
+  ASSERT(Waste() == 0);
+
+  // Update allocation_top of each page in use and compute waste.
+  int computed_size = 0;
+  PageIterator it(this, PageIterator::PAGES_USED_BY_MC);
+  while (it.has_next()) {
+    Page* page = it.next();
+    Address page_top = page->AllocationTop();
+    computed_size += static_cast<int>(page_top - page->ObjectAreaStart());
+    if (it.has_next()) {
+      accounting_stats_.WasteBytes(
+          static_cast<int>(page->ObjectAreaEnd() - page_top));
+      page->SetAllocationWatermark(page_top);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Make sure the computed size - based on the used portion of the
+  // pages in use - matches the size we adjust during allocation.
+  ASSERT(computed_size == Size());
+}
+
+
+// Slow case for normal allocation. Try in order: (1) allocate in the next
+// page in the space, (2) allocate off the space's free list, (3) expand the
+// space, (4) fail.
+HeapObject* FixedSpace::SlowAllocateRaw(int size_in_bytes) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(object_size_in_bytes_, size_in_bytes);
+  // Linear allocation in this space has failed.  If there is another page
+  // in the space, move to that page and allocate there.  This allocation
+  // should succeed.
+  Page* current_page = TopPageOf(allocation_info_);
+  if (current_page->next_page()->is_valid()) {
+    return AllocateInNextPage(current_page, size_in_bytes);
+  }
+
+  // There is no next page in this space.  Try free list allocation unless
+  // that is currently forbidden.  The fixed space free list implicitly assumes
+  // that all free blocks are of the fixed size.
+  if (!Heap::linear_allocation()) {
+    Object* result;
+    MaybeObject* maybe = free_list_.Allocate();
+    if (maybe->ToObject(&result)) {
+      accounting_stats_.AllocateBytes(size_in_bytes);
+      HeapObject* obj = HeapObject::cast(result);
+      Page* p = Page::FromAddress(obj->address());
+
+      if (obj->address() >= p->AllocationWatermark()) {
+        // There should be no hole between the allocation watermark
+        // and allocated object address.
+        // Memory above the allocation watermark was not swept and
+        // might contain garbage pointers to new space.
+        ASSERT(obj->address() == p->AllocationWatermark());
+        p->SetAllocationWatermark(obj->address() + size_in_bytes);
+      }
+
+      return obj;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Free list allocation failed and there is no next page.  Fail if we have
+  // hit the old generation size limit that should cause a garbage
+  // collection.
+  if (!Heap::always_allocate() && Heap::OldGenerationAllocationLimitReached()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Try to expand the space and allocate in the new next page.
+  ASSERT(!current_page->next_page()->is_valid());
+  if (Expand(current_page)) {
+    return AllocateInNextPage(current_page, size_in_bytes);
+  }
+
+  // Finally, fail.
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+// Move to the next page (there is assumed to be one) and allocate there.
+// The top of page block is always wasted, because it is too small to hold a
+// map.
+HeapObject* FixedSpace::AllocateInNextPage(Page* current_page,
+                                           int size_in_bytes) {
+  ASSERT(current_page->next_page()->is_valid());
+  ASSERT(allocation_info_.top == PageAllocationLimit(current_page));
+  ASSERT_EQ(object_size_in_bytes_, size_in_bytes);
+  Page* next_page = current_page->next_page();
+  next_page->ClearGCFields();
+  current_page->SetAllocationWatermark(allocation_info_.top);
+  accounting_stats_.WasteBytes(page_extra_);
+  SetAllocationInfo(&allocation_info_, next_page);
+  return AllocateLinearly(&allocation_info_, size_in_bytes);
+}
+
+
+void FixedSpace::DeallocateBlock(Address start,
+                                 int size_in_bytes,
+                                 bool add_to_freelist) {
+  // Free-list elements in fixed space are assumed to have a fixed size.
+  // We break the free block into chunks and add them to the free list
+  // individually.
+  int size = object_size_in_bytes();
+  ASSERT(size_in_bytes % size == 0);
+  Address end = start + size_in_bytes;
+  for (Address a = start; a < end; a += size) {
+    Free(a, add_to_freelist);
+  }
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+void FixedSpace::ReportStatistics() {
+  int pct = static_cast<int>(Available() * 100 / Capacity());
+  PrintF("  capacity: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d"
+             ", waste: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d"
+             ", available: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d, %%%d\n",
+         Capacity(), Waste(), Available(), pct);
+
+  ClearHistograms();
+  HeapObjectIterator obj_it(this);
+  for (HeapObject* obj = obj_it.next(); obj != NULL; obj = obj_it.next())
+    CollectHistogramInfo(obj);
+  ReportHistogram(false);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MapSpace implementation
+
+void MapSpace::PrepareForMarkCompact(bool will_compact) {
+  // Call prepare of the super class.
+  FixedSpace::PrepareForMarkCompact(will_compact);
+
+  if (will_compact) {
+    // Initialize map index entry.
+    int page_count = 0;
+    PageIterator it(this, PageIterator::ALL_PAGES);
+    while (it.has_next()) {
+      ASSERT_MAP_PAGE_INDEX(page_count);
+
+      Page* p = it.next();
+      ASSERT(p->mc_page_index == page_count);
+
+      page_addresses_[page_count++] = p->address();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+void MapSpace::VerifyObject(HeapObject* object) {
+  // The object should be a map or a free-list node.
+  ASSERT(object->IsMap() || object->IsByteArray());
+}
+#endif
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// GlobalPropertyCellSpace implementation
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+void CellSpace::VerifyObject(HeapObject* object) {
+  // The object should be a global object property cell or a free-list node.
+  ASSERT(object->IsJSGlobalPropertyCell() ||
+         object->map() == Heap::two_pointer_filler_map());
+}
+#endif
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LargeObjectIterator
+
+LargeObjectIterator::LargeObjectIterator(LargeObjectSpace* space) {
+  current_ = space->first_chunk_;
+  size_func_ = NULL;
+}
+
+
+LargeObjectIterator::LargeObjectIterator(LargeObjectSpace* space,
+                                         HeapObjectCallback size_func) {
+  current_ = space->first_chunk_;
+  size_func_ = size_func;
+}
+
+
+HeapObject* LargeObjectIterator::next() {
+  if (current_ == NULL) return NULL;
+
+  HeapObject* object = current_->GetObject();
+  current_ = current_->next();
+  return object;
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LargeObjectChunk
+
+LargeObjectChunk* LargeObjectChunk::New(int size_in_bytes,
+                                        Executability executable) {
+  size_t requested = ChunkSizeFor(size_in_bytes);
+  size_t size;
+  void* mem = MemoryAllocator::AllocateRawMemory(requested, &size, executable);
+  if (mem == NULL) return NULL;
+
+  // The start of the chunk may be overlayed with a page so we have to
+  // make sure that the page flags fit in the size field.
+  ASSERT((size & Page::kPageFlagMask) == 0);
+
+  LOG(NewEvent("LargeObjectChunk", mem, size));
+  if (size < requested) {
+    MemoryAllocator::FreeRawMemory(mem, size, executable);
+    LOG(DeleteEvent("LargeObjectChunk", mem));
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  ObjectSpace space = (executable == EXECUTABLE)
+      ? kObjectSpaceCodeSpace
+      : kObjectSpaceLoSpace;
+  MemoryAllocator::PerformAllocationCallback(
+      space, kAllocationActionAllocate, size);
+
+  LargeObjectChunk* chunk = reinterpret_cast<LargeObjectChunk*>(mem);
+  chunk->size_ = size;
+  return chunk;
+}
+
+
+int LargeObjectChunk::ChunkSizeFor(int size_in_bytes) {
+  int os_alignment = static_cast<int>(OS::AllocateAlignment());
+  if (os_alignment < Page::kPageSize) {
+    size_in_bytes += (Page::kPageSize - os_alignment);
+  }
+  return size_in_bytes + Page::kObjectStartOffset;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LargeObjectSpace
+
+LargeObjectSpace::LargeObjectSpace(AllocationSpace id)
+    : Space(id, NOT_EXECUTABLE),  // Managed on a per-allocation basis
+      first_chunk_(NULL),
+      size_(0),
+      page_count_(0),
+      objects_size_(0) {}
+
+
+bool LargeObjectSpace::Setup() {
+  first_chunk_ = NULL;
+  size_ = 0;
+  page_count_ = 0;
+  objects_size_ = 0;
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+void LargeObjectSpace::TearDown() {
+  while (first_chunk_ != NULL) {
+    LargeObjectChunk* chunk = first_chunk_;
+    first_chunk_ = first_chunk_->next();
+    LOG(DeleteEvent("LargeObjectChunk", chunk->address()));
+    Page* page = Page::FromAddress(RoundUp(chunk->address(), Page::kPageSize));
+    Executability executable =
+        page->IsPageExecutable() ? EXECUTABLE : NOT_EXECUTABLE;
+    ObjectSpace space = kObjectSpaceLoSpace;
+    if (executable == EXECUTABLE) space = kObjectSpaceCodeSpace;
+    size_t size = chunk->size();
+    MemoryAllocator::FreeRawMemory(chunk->address(), size, executable);
+    MemoryAllocator::PerformAllocationCallback(
+        space, kAllocationActionFree, size);
+  }
+
+  size_ = 0;
+  page_count_ = 0;
+  objects_size_ = 0;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_HEAP_PROTECTION
+
+void LargeObjectSpace::Protect() {
+  LargeObjectChunk* chunk = first_chunk_;
+  while (chunk != NULL) {
+    MemoryAllocator::Protect(chunk->address(), chunk->size());
+    chunk = chunk->next();
+  }
+}
+
+
+void LargeObjectSpace::Unprotect() {
+  LargeObjectChunk* chunk = first_chunk_;
+  while (chunk != NULL) {
+    bool is_code = chunk->GetObject()->IsCode();
+    MemoryAllocator::Unprotect(chunk->address(), chunk->size(),
+                               is_code ? EXECUTABLE : NOT_EXECUTABLE);
+    chunk = chunk->next();
+  }
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+MaybeObject* LargeObjectSpace::AllocateRawInternal(int requested_size,
+                                                   int object_size,
+                                                   Executability executable) {
+  ASSERT(0 < object_size && object_size <= requested_size);
+
+  // Check if we want to force a GC before growing the old space further.
+  // If so, fail the allocation.
+  if (!Heap::always_allocate() && Heap::OldGenerationAllocationLimitReached()) {
+    return Failure::RetryAfterGC(identity());
+  }
+
+  LargeObjectChunk* chunk = LargeObjectChunk::New(requested_size, executable);
+  if (chunk == NULL) {
+    return Failure::RetryAfterGC(identity());
+  }
+
+  size_ += static_cast<int>(chunk->size());
+  objects_size_ += requested_size;
+  page_count_++;
+  chunk->set_next(first_chunk_);
+  first_chunk_ = chunk;
+
+  // Initialize page header.
+  Page* page = Page::FromAddress(RoundUp(chunk->address(), Page::kPageSize));
+  Address object_address = page->ObjectAreaStart();
+
+  // Clear the low order bit of the second word in the page to flag it as a
+  // large object page.  If the chunk_size happened to be written there, its
+  // low order bit should already be clear.
+  page->SetIsLargeObjectPage(true);
+  page->SetIsPageExecutable(executable);
+  page->SetRegionMarks(Page::kAllRegionsCleanMarks);
+  return HeapObject::FromAddress(object_address);
+}
+
+
+MaybeObject* LargeObjectSpace::AllocateRawCode(int size_in_bytes) {
+  ASSERT(0 < size_in_bytes);
+  return AllocateRawInternal(size_in_bytes,
+                             size_in_bytes,
+                             EXECUTABLE);
+}
+
+
+MaybeObject* LargeObjectSpace::AllocateRawFixedArray(int size_in_bytes) {
+  ASSERT(0 < size_in_bytes);
+  return AllocateRawInternal(size_in_bytes,
+                             size_in_bytes,
+                             NOT_EXECUTABLE);
+}
+
+
+MaybeObject* LargeObjectSpace::AllocateRaw(int size_in_bytes) {
+  ASSERT(0 < size_in_bytes);
+  return AllocateRawInternal(size_in_bytes,
+                             size_in_bytes,
+                             NOT_EXECUTABLE);
+}
+
+
+// GC support
+MaybeObject* LargeObjectSpace::FindObject(Address a) {
+  for (LargeObjectChunk* chunk = first_chunk_;
+       chunk != NULL;
+       chunk = chunk->next()) {
+    Address chunk_address = chunk->address();
+    if (chunk_address <= a && a < chunk_address + chunk->size()) {
+      return chunk->GetObject();
+    }
+  }
+  return Failure::Exception();
+}
+
+
+LargeObjectChunk* LargeObjectSpace::FindChunkContainingPc(Address pc) {
+  // TODO(853): Change this implementation to only find executable
+  // chunks and use some kind of hash-based approach to speed it up.
+  for (LargeObjectChunk* chunk = first_chunk_;
+       chunk != NULL;
+       chunk = chunk->next()) {
+    Address chunk_address = chunk->address();
+    if (chunk_address <= pc && pc < chunk_address + chunk->size()) {
+      return chunk;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+void LargeObjectSpace::IterateDirtyRegions(ObjectSlotCallback copy_object) {
+  LargeObjectIterator it(this);
+  for (HeapObject* object = it.next(); object != NULL; object = it.next()) {
+    // We only have code, sequential strings, or fixed arrays in large
+    // object space, and only fixed arrays can possibly contain pointers to
+    // the young generation.
+    if (object->IsFixedArray()) {
+      Page* page = Page::FromAddress(object->address());
+      uint32_t marks = page->GetRegionMarks();
+      uint32_t newmarks = Page::kAllRegionsCleanMarks;
+
+      if (marks != Page::kAllRegionsCleanMarks) {
+        // For a large page a single dirty mark corresponds to several
+        // regions (modulo 32). So we treat a large page as a sequence of
+        // normal pages of size Page::kPageSize having same dirty marks
+        // and subsequently iterate dirty regions on each of these pages.
+        Address start = object->address();
+        Address end = page->ObjectAreaEnd();
+        Address object_end = start + object->Size();
+
+        // Iterate regions of the first normal page covering object.
+        uint32_t first_region_number = page->GetRegionNumberForAddress(start);
+        newmarks |=
+            Heap::IterateDirtyRegions(marks >> first_region_number,
+                                      start,
+                                      end,
+                                      &Heap::IteratePointersInDirtyRegion,
+                                      copy_object) << first_region_number;
+
+        start = end;
+        end = start + Page::kPageSize;
+        while (end <= object_end) {
+          // Iterate next 32 regions.
+          newmarks |=
+              Heap::IterateDirtyRegions(marks,
+                                        start,
+                                        end,
+                                        &Heap::IteratePointersInDirtyRegion,
+                                        copy_object);
+          start = end;
+          end = start + Page::kPageSize;
+        }
+
+        if (start != object_end) {
+          // Iterate the last piece of an object which is less than
+          // Page::kPageSize.
+          newmarks |=
+              Heap::IterateDirtyRegions(marks,
+                                        start,
+                                        object_end,
+                                        &Heap::IteratePointersInDirtyRegion,
+                                        copy_object);
+        }
+
+        page->SetRegionMarks(newmarks);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void LargeObjectSpace::FreeUnmarkedObjects() {
+  LargeObjectChunk* previous = NULL;
+  LargeObjectChunk* current = first_chunk_;
+  while (current != NULL) {
+    HeapObject* object = current->GetObject();
+    if (object->IsMarked()) {
+      object->ClearMark();
+      MarkCompactCollector::tracer()->decrement_marked_count();
+      previous = current;
+      current = current->next();
+    } else {
+      Page* page = Page::FromAddress(RoundUp(current->address(),
+                                     Page::kPageSize));
+      Executability executable =
+          page->IsPageExecutable() ? EXECUTABLE : NOT_EXECUTABLE;
+      Address chunk_address = current->address();
+      size_t chunk_size = current->size();
+
+      // Cut the chunk out from the chunk list.
+      current = current->next();
+      if (previous == NULL) {
+        first_chunk_ = current;
+      } else {
+        previous->set_next(current);
+      }
+
+      // Free the chunk.
+      MarkCompactCollector::ReportDeleteIfNeeded(object);
+      LiveObjectList::ProcessNonLive(object);
+
+      size_ -= static_cast<int>(chunk_size);
+      objects_size_ -= object->Size();
+      page_count_--;
+      ObjectSpace space = kObjectSpaceLoSpace;
+      if (executable == EXECUTABLE) space = kObjectSpaceCodeSpace;
+      MemoryAllocator::FreeRawMemory(chunk_address, chunk_size, executable);
+      MemoryAllocator::PerformAllocationCallback(space, kAllocationActionFree,
+                                                 size_);
+      LOG(DeleteEvent("LargeObjectChunk", chunk_address));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+bool LargeObjectSpace::Contains(HeapObject* object) {
+  Address address = object->address();
+  if (Heap::new_space()->Contains(address)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  Page* page = Page::FromAddress(address);
+
+  SLOW_ASSERT(!page->IsLargeObjectPage()
+              || !FindObject(address)->IsFailure());
+
+  return page->IsLargeObjectPage();
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+// We do not assume that the large object iterator works, because it depends
+// on the invariants we are checking during verification.
+void LargeObjectSpace::Verify() {
+  for (LargeObjectChunk* chunk = first_chunk_;
+       chunk != NULL;
+       chunk = chunk->next()) {
+    // Each chunk contains an object that starts at the large object page's
+    // object area start.
+    HeapObject* object = chunk->GetObject();
+    Page* page = Page::FromAddress(object->address());
+    ASSERT(object->address() == page->ObjectAreaStart());
+
+    // The first word should be a map, and we expect all map pointers to be
+    // in map space.
+    Map* map = object->map();
+    ASSERT(map->IsMap());
+    ASSERT(Heap::map_space()->Contains(map));
+
+    // We have only code, sequential strings, external strings
+    // (sequential strings that have been morphed into external
+    // strings), fixed arrays, and byte arrays in large object space.
+    ASSERT(object->IsCode() || object->IsSeqString() ||
+           object->IsExternalString() || object->IsFixedArray() ||
+           object->IsByteArray());
+
+    // The object itself should look OK.
+    object->Verify();
+
+    // Byte arrays and strings don't have interior pointers.
+    if (object->IsCode()) {
+      VerifyPointersVisitor code_visitor;
+      object->IterateBody(map->instance_type(),
+                          object->Size(),
+                          &code_visitor);
+    } else if (object->IsFixedArray()) {
+      // We loop over fixed arrays ourselves, rather then using the visitor,
+      // because the visitor doesn't support the start/offset iteration
+      // needed for IsRegionDirty.
+      FixedArray* array = FixedArray::cast(object);
+      for (int j = 0; j < array->length(); j++) {
+        Object* element = array->get(j);
+        if (element->IsHeapObject()) {
+          HeapObject* element_object = HeapObject::cast(element);
+          ASSERT(Heap::Contains(element_object));
+          ASSERT(element_object->map()->IsMap());
+          if (Heap::InNewSpace(element_object)) {
+            Address array_addr = object->address();
+            Address element_addr = array_addr + FixedArray::kHeaderSize +
+                j * kPointerSize;
+
+            ASSERT(Page::FromAddress(array_addr)->IsRegionDirty(element_addr));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void LargeObjectSpace::Print() {
+  LargeObjectIterator it(this);
+  for (HeapObject* obj = it.next(); obj != NULL; obj = it.next()) {
+    obj->Print();
+  }
+}
+
+
+void LargeObjectSpace::ReportStatistics() {
+  PrintF("  size: %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d\n", size_);
+  int num_objects = 0;
+  ClearHistograms();
+  LargeObjectIterator it(this);
+  for (HeapObject* obj = it.next(); obj != NULL; obj = it.next()) {
+    num_objects++;
+    CollectHistogramInfo(obj);
+  }
+
+  PrintF("  number of objects %d, "
+         "size of objects %" V8_PTR_PREFIX "d\n", num_objects, objects_size_);
+  if (num_objects > 0) ReportHistogram(false);
+}
+
+
+void LargeObjectSpace::CollectCodeStatistics() {
+  LargeObjectIterator obj_it(this);
+  for (HeapObject* obj = obj_it.next(); obj != NULL; obj = obj_it.next()) {
+    if (obj->IsCode()) {
+      Code* code = Code::cast(obj);
+      code_kind_statistics[code->kind()] += code->Size();
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif  // DEBUG
+
+} }  // namespace v8::internal