cosmos 3.5.1 → 3.5.2

data/spec/packets/structure_item_spec.rb

@@ -1,195 +1,195 @@
-# encoding: ascii-8bit
-
-# Copyright 2014 Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.
-# All Rights Reserved.
-#
-# This program is free software; you can modify and/or redistribute it
-# under the terms of the GNU General Public License
-# as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 3 with
-# attribution addendums as found in the LICENSE.txt
-
-require 'spec_helper'
-require 'cosmos'
-require 'cosmos/packets/structure_item'
-
-module Cosmos
-
-  describe StructureItem do
-
-    describe "name=" do
-      it "creates new structure items" do
-        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).name).to eql "TEST"
-      end
-
-      it "complains about non String names" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new(nil, 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "name must be a String but is a NilClass")
-        expect { StructureItem.new(5, 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "name must be a String but is a Fixnum")
-      end
-
-      it "complains about blank names" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "name must contain at least one character")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "endianness=" do
-      it "accepts BIG_ENDIAN and LITTLE_ENDIAN" do
-        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).endianness).to eql :BIG_ENDIAN
-        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :LITTLE_ENDIAN, nil).endianness).to eql :LITTLE_ENDIAN
-      end
-
-      it "complains about bad endianness" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BLAH, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: unknown endianness: BLAH - Must be :BIG_ENDIAN or :LITTLE_ENDIAN")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "data_type=" do
-      it "accepts INT, UINT, FLOAT, STRING, BLOCK, and DERIVED data types" do
-        %w(INT UINT FLOAT STRING BLOCK).each do |type|
-          expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 32, type.to_sym, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).data_type).to eql type.to_sym
-        end
-        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 0, :DERIVED, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).data_type).to eql :DERIVED
-      end
-
-      it "complains about bad data types" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 0, :UNKNOWN, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: unknown data_type: UNKNOWN - Must be :INT, :UINT, :FLOAT, :STRING, :BLOCK, or :DERIVED")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "overflow=" do
-      it "accepts ERROR, ERROR_ALLOW_HEX, TRUNCATE and SATURATE overflow types" do
-        %w(ERROR ERROR_ALLOW_HEX TRUNCATE SATURATE).each do |type|
-          expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 32, :INT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil, type.to_sym).overflow).to eql type.to_sym
-        end
-      end
-
-      it "complains about bad overflow types" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 32, :INT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil, :UNKNOWN) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: unknown overflow type: UNKNOWN - Must be :ERROR, :ERROR_ALLOW_HEX, :TRUNCATE, or :SATURATE")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "bit_offset=" do
-      it "compains about bad bit offsets types" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", nil, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: bit_offset must be a Fixnum")
-      end
-
-      it "complains about unaligned bit offsets" do
-        %w(FLOAT STRING BLOCK).each do |type|
-          expect { StructureItem.new("test", 1, 32, type.to_sym, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: bit_offset for :FLOAT, :STRING, and :BLOCK items must be byte aligned")
-        end
-      end
-
-      it "complains about non zero DERIVED bit offsets" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 8, 0, :DERIVED, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: DERIVED items must have bit_offset of zero")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "bit_size=" do
-      it "complains about bad bit sizes types" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, nil, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: bit_size must be a Fixnum")
-      end
-
-      it "complains about 0 size INT, UINT, and FLOAT" do
-        %w(INT UINT FLOAT).each do |type|
-          expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 0, type.to_sym, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: bit_size cannot be negative or zero for :INT, :UINT, and :FLOAT items: 0")
-        end
-      end
-
-      it "complains about bad float bit sizes" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :FLOAT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: bit_size for FLOAT items must be 32 or 64. Given: 8")
-      end
-
-      it "creates 32 and 64 bit floats" do
-        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 32, :FLOAT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).bit_size).to eql 32
-        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 64, :FLOAT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).bit_size).to eql 64
-      end
-
-      it "complains about non zero DERIVED bit sizes" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :DERIVED, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: DERIVED items must have bit_size of zero")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "array_size=" do
-      it "complains about bad array size types" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, "") }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: array_size must be a Fixnum")
-      end
-
-      it "complains about array size != multiple of bit size" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, 10) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: array_size must be a multiple of bit_size")
-      end
-
-      it "does not complain about array size != multiple of bit size with negative array size" do
-        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 32, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, -8) }.not_to raise_error
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "<=>" do
-      it "sorts items according to positive bit offset" do
-        si1 = StructureItem.new("si1", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", 8, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        expect(si1 < si2).to be true
-        expect(si1 == si2).to be false
-        expect(si1 > si2).to be false
-
-        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        expect(si1 < si2).to be false
-        expect(si1 == si2).to be true
-        expect(si1 > si2).to be false
-      end
-
-      it "sorts items with 0 bit offset according to bit size" do
-        si1 = StructureItem.new("si1", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", 0, 0, :BLOCK, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        expect(si1 < si2).to be false
-        expect(si1 == si2).to be false
-        expect(si1 > si2).to be true
-      end
-
-      it "sorts items according to negative bit offset" do
-        si1 = StructureItem.new("si1", -8, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", -16, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        expect(si1 < si2).to be false
-        expect(si1 == si2).to be false
-        expect(si1 > si2).to be true
-
-        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", -8, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        expect(si1 < si2).to be false
-        # si1 == si2 even though they have different names and sizes
-        expect(si1 == si2).to be true
-        expect(si1 > si2).to be false
-      end
-
-      it "sorts items according to mixed bit offset" do
-        si1 = StructureItem.new("si1", 16, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", -8, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        expect(si1 < si2).to be true
-        expect(si1 == si2).to be false
-        expect(si1 > si2).to be false
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "clone" do
-      it "duplicates the entire structure item " do
-        si1 = StructureItem.new("si1", -8, 1, :UINT, :LITTLE_ENDIAN, nil)
-        si2 = si1.clone
-        expect(si1 == si2).to be true
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "to_hash" do
-      it "creates a Hash" do
-        item = StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, 16)
-        hash = item.to_hash
-        expect(hash.keys.length).to eql 7
-        expect(hash.keys).to include('name','bit_offset','bit_size','data_type','endianness','array_size', 'overflow')
-        expect(hash["name"]).to eql "TEST"
-        expect(hash["bit_offset"]).to eql 0
-        expect(hash["bit_size"]).to eql 8
-        expect(hash["data_type"]).to eql :UINT
-        expect(hash["endianness"]).to eql :BIG_ENDIAN
-        expect(hash["array_size"]).to eql 16
-        expect(hash["overflow"]).to eql :ERROR
-      end
-    end
-
-  end
-end
+# encoding: ascii-8bit
+
+# Copyright 2014 Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.
+# All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can modify and/or redistribute it
+# under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 3 with
+# attribution addendums as found in the LICENSE.txt
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+require 'cosmos'
+require 'cosmos/packets/structure_item'
+
+module Cosmos
+
+  describe StructureItem do
+
+    describe "name=" do
+      it "creates new structure items" do
+        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).name).to eql "TEST"
+      end
+
+      it "complains about non String names" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new(nil, 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "name must be a String but is a NilClass")
+        expect { StructureItem.new(5, 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "name must be a String but is a Fixnum")
+      end
+
+      it "complains about blank names" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "name must contain at least one character")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "endianness=" do
+      it "accepts BIG_ENDIAN and LITTLE_ENDIAN" do
+        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).endianness).to eql :BIG_ENDIAN
+        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :LITTLE_ENDIAN, nil).endianness).to eql :LITTLE_ENDIAN
+      end
+
+      it "complains about bad endianness" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BLAH, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: unknown endianness: BLAH - Must be :BIG_ENDIAN or :LITTLE_ENDIAN")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "data_type=" do
+      it "accepts INT, UINT, FLOAT, STRING, BLOCK, and DERIVED data types" do
+        %w(INT UINT FLOAT STRING BLOCK).each do |type|
+          expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 32, type.to_sym, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).data_type).to eql type.to_sym
+        end
+        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 0, :DERIVED, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).data_type).to eql :DERIVED
+      end
+
+      it "complains about bad data types" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 0, :UNKNOWN, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: unknown data_type: UNKNOWN - Must be :INT, :UINT, :FLOAT, :STRING, :BLOCK, or :DERIVED")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "overflow=" do
+      it "accepts ERROR, ERROR_ALLOW_HEX, TRUNCATE and SATURATE overflow types" do
+        %w(ERROR ERROR_ALLOW_HEX TRUNCATE SATURATE).each do |type|
+          expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 32, :INT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil, type.to_sym).overflow).to eql type.to_sym
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "complains about bad overflow types" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 32, :INT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil, :UNKNOWN) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: unknown overflow type: UNKNOWN - Must be :ERROR, :ERROR_ALLOW_HEX, :TRUNCATE, or :SATURATE")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "bit_offset=" do
+      it "compains about bad bit offsets types" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", nil, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: bit_offset must be a Fixnum")
+      end
+
+      it "complains about unaligned bit offsets" do
+        %w(FLOAT STRING BLOCK).each do |type|
+          expect { StructureItem.new("test", 1, 32, type.to_sym, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: bit_offset for :FLOAT, :STRING, and :BLOCK items must be byte aligned")
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "complains about non zero DERIVED bit offsets" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 8, 0, :DERIVED, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: DERIVED items must have bit_offset of zero")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "bit_size=" do
+      it "complains about bad bit sizes types" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, nil, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: bit_size must be a Fixnum")
+      end
+
+      it "complains about 0 size INT, UINT, and FLOAT" do
+        %w(INT UINT FLOAT).each do |type|
+          expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 0, type.to_sym, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: bit_size cannot be negative or zero for :INT, :UINT, and :FLOAT items: 0")
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "complains about bad float bit sizes" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :FLOAT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: bit_size for FLOAT items must be 32 or 64. Given: 8")
+      end
+
+      it "creates 32 and 64 bit floats" do
+        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 32, :FLOAT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).bit_size).to eql 32
+        expect(StructureItem.new("test", 0, 64, :FLOAT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil).bit_size).to eql 64
+      end
+
+      it "complains about non zero DERIVED bit sizes" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :DERIVED, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: DERIVED items must have bit_size of zero")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "array_size=" do
+      it "complains about bad array size types" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, "") }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: array_size must be a Fixnum")
+      end
+
+      it "complains about array size != multiple of bit size" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, 10) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST: array_size must be a multiple of bit_size")
+      end
+
+      it "does not complain about array size != multiple of bit size with negative array size" do
+        expect { StructureItem.new("test", 0, 32, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, -8) }.not_to raise_error
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "<=>" do
+      it "sorts items according to positive bit offset" do
+        si1 = StructureItem.new("si1", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", 8, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        expect(si1 < si2).to be true
+        expect(si1 == si2).to be false
+        expect(si1 > si2).to be false
+
+        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        expect(si1 < si2).to be false
+        expect(si1 == si2).to be true
+        expect(si1 > si2).to be false
+      end
+
+      it "sorts items with 0 bit offset according to bit size" do
+        si1 = StructureItem.new("si1", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", 0, 0, :BLOCK, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        expect(si1 < si2).to be false
+        expect(si1 == si2).to be false
+        expect(si1 > si2).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "sorts items according to negative bit offset" do
+        si1 = StructureItem.new("si1", -8, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", -16, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        expect(si1 < si2).to be false
+        expect(si1 == si2).to be false
+        expect(si1 > si2).to be true
+
+        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", -8, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        expect(si1 < si2).to be false
+        # si1 == si2 even though they have different names and sizes
+        expect(si1 == si2).to be true
+        expect(si1 > si2).to be false
+      end
+
+      it "sorts items according to mixed bit offset" do
+        si1 = StructureItem.new("si1", 16, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        si2 = StructureItem.new("si2", -8, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        expect(si1 < si2).to be true
+        expect(si1 == si2).to be false
+        expect(si1 > si2).to be false
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "clone" do
+      it "duplicates the entire structure item " do
+        si1 = StructureItem.new("si1", -8, 1, :UINT, :LITTLE_ENDIAN, nil)
+        si2 = si1.clone
+        expect(si1 == si2).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "to_hash" do
+      it "creates a Hash" do
+        item = StructureItem.new("test", 0, 8, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN, 16)
+        hash = item.to_hash
+        expect(hash.keys.length).to eql 7
+        expect(hash.keys).to include('name','bit_offset','bit_size','data_type','endianness','array_size', 'overflow')
+        expect(hash["name"]).to eql "TEST"
+        expect(hash["bit_offset"]).to eql 0
+        expect(hash["bit_size"]).to eql 8
+        expect(hash["data_type"]).to eql :UINT
+        expect(hash["endianness"]).to eql :BIG_ENDIAN
+        expect(hash["array_size"]).to eql 16
+        expect(hash["overflow"]).to eql :ERROR
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/spec/packets/structure_spec.rb

@@ -1,565 +1,565 @@
-# encoding: ascii-8bit
-
-# Copyright 2014 Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.
-# All Rights Reserved.
-#
-# This program is free software; you can modify and/or redistribute it
-# under the terms of the GNU General Public License
-# as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 3 with
-# attribution addendums as found in the LICENSE.txt
-
-require 'spec_helper'
-require 'cosmos'
-require 'cosmos/packets/structure'
-
-module Cosmos
-
-  describe Structure do
-
-    describe "initialize" do
-      it "complains about non string buffers" do
-        expect { Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN, Array.new) }.to raise_error(TypeError, "wrong argument type Array (expected String)")
-      end
-
-      it "complains about unrecognized data types" do
-        expect { Structure.new(:BLAH) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unrecognized endianness: BLAH - Must be :BIG_ENDIAN or :LITTLE_ENDIAN")
-      end
-
-      it "creates BIG_ENDIAN structures" do
-        expect(Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN).default_endianness).to eql :BIG_ENDIAN
-      end
-
-      it "creates LITTLE_ENDIAN structures" do
-        expect(Structure.new(:LITTLE_ENDIAN).default_endianness).to eql :LITTLE_ENDIAN
-      end
-    end # describe "initialize"
-
-    describe "defined?" do
-      it "returns true if any items have been defined" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        expect(s.defined?).to be false
-        s.define_item("test1",0,8,:UINT)
-        expect(s.defined?).to be true
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "rename_item" do
-      it "renames a previously defined item" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        expect(s.items["test1"]).to be_nil
-        expect(s.sorted_items[0]).to be_nil
-        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        expect(s.items["TEST1"]).not_to be_nil
-        expect(s.sorted_items[0]).not_to be_nil
-        expect(s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        s.rename_item("TEST1", "TEST2")
-        expect(s.items["TEST1"]).to be_nil
-        expect(s.items["TEST2"]).not_to be_nil
-        expect(s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST2"
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "define_item" do
-      before(:each) do
-        @s = Structure.new
-      end
-
-      it "adds item to items and sorted_items" do
-        expect(@s.items["test1"]).to be_nil
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0]).to be_nil
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"]).not_to be_nil
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0]).not_to be_nil
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
-        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be true
-      end
-
-      it "adds items with negative bit offsets" do
-        @s.define_item("test1", -8, 8, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
-        @s.define_item("test2", 0, 4, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
-        @s.define_item("test3", 4, 4, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
-        @s.define_item("test4", 16, 0, :BLOCK)
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
-        @s.define_item("test5", -16, 8, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 4
-        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be false
-      end
-
-      it "adds item with negative offset" do
-        expect { @s.define_item("test11", -64, 8, :UINT, 128) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST11: Can't define an item with array_size 128 greater than negative bit_offset -64")
-        expect { @s.define_item("test10", -64, 8, :UINT, -64) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST10: Can't define an item with negative array_size -64 and negative bit_offset -64")
-        expect { @s.define_item("test9", -64, -64, :BLOCK) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST9: Can't define an item with negative bit_size -64 and negative bit_offset -64")
-        expect { @s.define_item("test8", 0, -32, :BLOCK, 64) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST8: bit_size cannot be negative or zero for array items")
-        expect { @s.define_item("test7", 0, 0, :BLOCK, 64) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST7: bit_size cannot be negative or zero for array items")
-        expect { @s.define_item("test6", -24, 32, :UINT) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST6: Can't define an item with bit_size 32 greater than negative bit_offset -24")
-        @s.define_item("test5", -16, 8, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
-        @s.define_item("test1", -8, 8, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
-        @s.define_item("test2", 0, 4, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
-        @s.define_item("test3", 4, 4, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
-        @s.define_item("test4", 8, 0, :BLOCK)
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
-        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be false
-      end
-
-      it "recalulates sorted_items when adding multiple items" do
-        @s.define_item("test1", 8, 32, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 5
-        @s.define_item("test2", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST2"
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 5
-        @s.define_item("test3", 16, 8, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[-1].name).to eql "TEST3"
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 5
-        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be true
-      end
-
-      it "overwrites existing items" do
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 8
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].data_type).to eql :UINT
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 16, :INT)
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 16
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].data_type).to eql :INT
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
-        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be true
-      end
-    end # describe "define_item"
-
-    describe "define" do
-      before(:each) do
-        @s = Structure.new
-      end
-
-      it "adds the item to items and sorted_items" do
-        expect(@s.items["test1"]).to be_nil
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0]).to be_nil
-        si = StructureItem.new("test1",0,8,:UINT,:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        @s.define(si)
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"]).not_to be_nil
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0]).not_to be_nil
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
-        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be true
-      end
-
-      it "allows items to be defined on top of each other" do
-        expect(@s.items["test1"]).to be_nil
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0]).to be_nil
-        si = StructureItem.new("test1",0,8,:UINT,:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        @s.define(si)
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_offset).to eql 0
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 8
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].data_type).to eql :UINT
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
-        si = StructureItem.new("test2",0,16,:INT,:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        @s.define(si)
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[1].name).to eql "TEST2"
-        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].bit_offset).to eql 0
-        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].bit_size).to eql 16
-        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].data_type).to eql :INT
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
-        buffer = "\x01\x02"
-        expect(@s.read_item(@s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql 1
-        expect(@s.read_item(@s.get_item("test2"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql 258
-      end
-
-      it "overwrites existing items" do
-        si = StructureItem.new("test1",0,8,:UINT,:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        @s.define(si)
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 8
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].data_type).to eql :UINT
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
-        si = StructureItem.new("test1",0,16,:INT,:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        @s.define(si)
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 16
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].data_type).to eql :INT
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
-        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be true
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "append_item" do
-      before(:each) do
-        @s = Structure.new
-      end
-
-      it "appends an item to items" do
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        @s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].bit_size).to eql 16
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[1].name).to eql "TEST2"
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
-      end
-
-      it "appends an item after an array item " do
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, 16)
-        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 8
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[1]).to be_nil
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
-        @s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
-        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].bit_size).to eql 16
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[1].name).to eql "TEST2"
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 4
-      end
-
-      it "complains if appending after a variably sized item" do
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 0, :BLOCK)
-        expect { @s.append_item("test2", 8, :UINT) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Can't append an item after a variably sized item")
-      end
-
-      it "complains if appending after a variably sized array" do
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, -8)
-        expect { @s.append_item("test2", 8, :UINT) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Can't append an item after a variably sized item")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "append" do
-      before(:each) do
-        @s = Structure.new
-      end
-
-      it "appends an item to the structure" do
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        item = StructureItem.new("test2", 0, 16, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN)
-        @s.append(item)
-        # Bit offset should change because we appended the item
-        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].bit_offset).to eql 8
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(@s.sorted_items[1].name).to eql "TEST2"
-        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
-      end
-
-      it "complains if appending after a variably sized item" do
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 0, :BLOCK)
-        expect { @s.append(@item) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Can't append an item after a variably sized item")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "get_item" do
-      before(:each) do
-        @s = Structure.new
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-      end
-
-      it "returns a defined item" do
-        expect(@s.get_item("test1")).not_to be_nil
-      end
-
-      it "complains if an item doesn't exist" do
-        expect { @s.get_item("test2") }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unknown item: test2")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "set_item" do
-      before(:each) do
-        @s = Structure.new
-        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-      end
-
-      it "sets a defined item" do
-        item = @s.get_item("test1")
-        expect(item.bit_size).to eql 8
-        item.bit_size = 16
-        @s.set_item(item)
-        expect(@s.get_item("test1").bit_size).to eql 16
-      end
-
-      it "complains if an item doesn't exist" do
-        item = @s.get_item("test1")
-        item.name = "TEST2"
-        expect { @s.set_item(item) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unknown item: TEST2 - Ensure item name is uppercase")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "read_item" do
-      it "complains if no buffer given" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        expect { s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, nil) }.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "No buffer given to read_item")
-      end
-
-      it "reads data from the buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        buffer = "\x01"
-        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql 1
-      end
-
-      it "reads array data from the buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, 16)
-        buffer = "\x01\x02"
-        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql [1,2]
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "write_item" do
-      it "complains if no buffer given" do
-        expect { Structure.new.write_item(nil, nil, nil, nil) }.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "No buffer given to write_item")
-      end
-
-      it "writes data to the buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        buffer = "\x01"
-        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql 1
-        s.write_item(s.get_item("test1"), 2, :RAW, buffer)
-        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql 2
-      end
-
-      it "writes array data to the buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, 16)
-        buffer = "\x01\x02"
-        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql [1,2]
-        s.write_item(s.get_item("test1"), [3,4], :RAW, buffer)
-        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql [3,4]
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "read" do
-      it "complains if item doesn't exist" do
-        expect { Structure.new.read("BLAH") }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unknown item: BLAH")
-      end
-
-      it "reads data from the buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        buffer = "\x01"
-        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql 1
-      end
-
-      it "reads array data from the buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, 16)
-        buffer = "\x01\x02"
-        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql [1,2]
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "write" do
-      it "complains if item doesn't exist" do
-        expect { Structure.new.write("BLAH", 0) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unknown item: BLAH")
-      end
-
-      it "writes data to the buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
-        buffer = "\x01"
-        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql 1
-        s.write("test1", 2, :RAW, buffer)
-        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql 2
-      end
-
-      it "writes array data to the buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new
-        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, 16)
-        buffer = "\x01\x02"
-        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql [1,2]
-        s.write("test1", [3,4], :RAW, buffer)
-        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql [3,4]
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "read_all" do
-      it "reads all defined items" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
-        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
-        s.append_item("test3", 32, :UINT)
-
-        buffer = "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08"
-        vals = s.read_all(:RAW, buffer)
-        expect(vals[0][0]).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(vals[1][0]).to eql "TEST2"
-        expect(vals[2][0]).to eql "TEST3"
-        expect(vals[0][1]).to eql [1,2]
-        expect(vals[1][1]).to eql 0x0304
-        expect(vals[2][1]).to eql 0x05060708
-      end
-
-      it "reads all defined items synchronized" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
-        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
-        s.append_item("test3", 32, :UINT)
-
-        buffer = "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08"
-        vals = s.read_all(:RAW, buffer, false)
-        expect(vals[0][0]).to eql "TEST1"
-        expect(vals[1][0]).to eql "TEST2"
-        expect(vals[2][0]).to eql "TEST3"
-        expect(vals[0][1]).to eql [1,2]
-        expect(vals[1][1]).to eql 0x0304
-        expect(vals[2][1]).to eql 0x05060708
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "formatted" do
-      it "prints out all the items and values" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
-        s.write("test1", [1,2])
-        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
-        s.write("test2", 3456)
-        s.append_item("test3", 32, :BLOCK)
-        s.write("test3", "\x07\x08\x09\x0A")
-        expect(s.formatted).to include("TEST1: [1, 2]")
-        expect(s.formatted).to include("TEST2: 3456")
-        expect(s.formatted).to include("TEST3")
-        expect(s.formatted).to include("00000000: 07 08 09 0A")
-      end
-
-      it "alters the indentation of the item" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
-        s.write("test1", [1,2])
-        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
-        s.write("test2", 3456)
-        s.append_item("test3", 32, :BLOCK)
-        s.write("test3", "\x07\x08\x09\x0A")
-        expect(s.formatted(:CONVERTED, 4)).to include("    TEST1: [1, 2]")
-        expect(s.formatted(:CONVERTED, 4)).to include("    TEST2: 3456")
-        expect(s.formatted(:CONVERTED, 4)).to include("    TEST3")
-        expect(s.formatted(:CONVERTED, 4)).to include("    00000000: 07 08 09 0A")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "buffer" do
-      it "returns the buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
-        s.write("test1", [1,2])
-        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
-        s.write("test2", 0x0304)
-        s.append_item("test3", 32, :UINT)
-        s.write("test3", 0x05060708)
-        expect(s.buffer).to eql "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08"
-        expect(s.buffer).to_not be s.buffer
-        expect(s.buffer(false)).to be s.buffer(false)
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "buffer=" do
-      it "complains if the given buffer is too small" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 16, :UINT)
-        expect { s.buffer = "\x00" }.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "Buffer length less than defined length")
-      end
-
-      it "complains if the given buffer is too big" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 16, :UINT)
-        expect { s.buffer = "\x00\x00\x00" }.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "Buffer length greater than defined length")
-      end
-
-      it "does not complain if the given buffer is too big and we're not fixed length" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT)
-        s.append_item("test2", 0, :BLOCK)
-        s.buffer = "\x01\x02\x03"
-        expect(s.read("test1")).to eql 1
-        expect(s.read("test2")).to eql "\x02\x03"
-      end
-
-      it "sets the buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
-        s.write("test1", [1,2])
-        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
-        s.write("test2", 0x0304)
-        s.append_item("test3", 32, :UINT)
-        s.write("test3", 0x05060708)
-        expect(s.read("test1")).to eql [1,2]
-        expect(s.read("test2")).to eql 0x0304
-        expect(s.read("test3")).to eql 0x05060708
-        s.buffer = "\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07"
-        expect(s.read("test1")).to eql [0,1]
-        expect(s.read("test2")).to eql 0x0203
-        expect(s.read("test3")).to eql 0x04050607
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "clone" do
-      it "duplicates the structure with a new buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
-        s.write("test1", [1,2])
-        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
-        s.write("test2", 0x0304)
-        s.append_item("test3", 32, :UINT)
-        s.write("test3", 0x05060708)
-        # Get a reference to the original buffer
-        old_buffer = s.buffer(false)
-
-        s2 = s.clone
-        # Ensure we didn't modify the original buffer object
-        expect(s.buffer(false)).to be old_buffer
-        # Check that they are equal in value
-        expect(s2.buffer(false)).to eql s.buffer(false)
-        # But not the same object
-        expect(s2.buffer(false)).to_not be s.buffer(false)
-        expect(s2.read("test1")).to eql [1,2]
-        expect(s2.read("test2")).to eql 0x0304
-        expect(s2.read("test3")).to eql 0x05060708
-        s2.write("test1", [0,0])
-        expect(s2.read("test1")).to eql [0,0]
-        # Ensure we didn't change the original
-        expect(s.read("test1")).to eql [1,2]
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "enable_method_missing" do
-      it "enables reading by name" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
-        s.write("test1", [1,2])
-        s.enable_method_missing
-        expect(s.test1).to eql [1,2]
-      end
-
-      it "enables writing by name" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
-        s.write("test1", [1,2])
-        s.enable_method_missing
-        expect(s.test1).to eql [1,2]
-        s.test1 = [3,4]
-        expect(s.test1).to eql [3,4]
-      end
-
-      it "raises an exception if there is no buffer" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
-        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
-        s.enable_method_missing
-        expect { s.test1 }.to raise_error(/No buffer/)
-      end
-
-      it "complains if it can't find an item" do
-        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
-        s.enable_method_missing
-        expect { s.test1 }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unknown item: test1")
-      end
-    end
-
-  end # describe Structure
-
-end
+# encoding: ascii-8bit
+
+# Copyright 2014 Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.
+# All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can modify and/or redistribute it
+# under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 3 with
+# attribution addendums as found in the LICENSE.txt
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+require 'cosmos'
+require 'cosmos/packets/structure'
+
+module Cosmos
+
+  describe Structure do
+
+    describe "initialize" do
+      it "complains about non string buffers" do
+        expect { Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN, Array.new) }.to raise_error(TypeError, "wrong argument type Array (expected String)")
+      end
+
+      it "complains about unrecognized data types" do
+        expect { Structure.new(:BLAH) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unrecognized endianness: BLAH - Must be :BIG_ENDIAN or :LITTLE_ENDIAN")
+      end
+
+      it "creates BIG_ENDIAN structures" do
+        expect(Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN).default_endianness).to eql :BIG_ENDIAN
+      end
+
+      it "creates LITTLE_ENDIAN structures" do
+        expect(Structure.new(:LITTLE_ENDIAN).default_endianness).to eql :LITTLE_ENDIAN
+      end
+    end # describe "initialize"
+
+    describe "defined?" do
+      it "returns true if any items have been defined" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        expect(s.defined?).to be false
+        s.define_item("test1",0,8,:UINT)
+        expect(s.defined?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "rename_item" do
+      it "renames a previously defined item" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        expect(s.items["test1"]).to be_nil
+        expect(s.sorted_items[0]).to be_nil
+        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        expect(s.items["TEST1"]).not_to be_nil
+        expect(s.sorted_items[0]).not_to be_nil
+        expect(s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        s.rename_item("TEST1", "TEST2")
+        expect(s.items["TEST1"]).to be_nil
+        expect(s.items["TEST2"]).not_to be_nil
+        expect(s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST2"
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "define_item" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @s = Structure.new
+      end
+
+      it "adds item to items and sorted_items" do
+        expect(@s.items["test1"]).to be_nil
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0]).to be_nil
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"]).not_to be_nil
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0]).not_to be_nil
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
+        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "adds items with negative bit offsets" do
+        @s.define_item("test1", -8, 8, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
+        @s.define_item("test2", 0, 4, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
+        @s.define_item("test3", 4, 4, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
+        @s.define_item("test4", 16, 0, :BLOCK)
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
+        @s.define_item("test5", -16, 8, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 4
+        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be false
+      end
+
+      it "adds item with negative offset" do
+        expect { @s.define_item("test11", -64, 8, :UINT, 128) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST11: Can't define an item with array_size 128 greater than negative bit_offset -64")
+        expect { @s.define_item("test10", -64, 8, :UINT, -64) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST10: Can't define an item with negative array_size -64 and negative bit_offset -64")
+        expect { @s.define_item("test9", -64, -64, :BLOCK) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST9: Can't define an item with negative bit_size -64 and negative bit_offset -64")
+        expect { @s.define_item("test8", 0, -32, :BLOCK, 64) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST8: bit_size cannot be negative or zero for array items")
+        expect { @s.define_item("test7", 0, 0, :BLOCK, 64) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST7: bit_size cannot be negative or zero for array items")
+        expect { @s.define_item("test6", -24, 32, :UINT) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "TEST6: Can't define an item with bit_size 32 greater than negative bit_offset -24")
+        @s.define_item("test5", -16, 8, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
+        @s.define_item("test1", -8, 8, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
+        @s.define_item("test2", 0, 4, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
+        @s.define_item("test3", 4, 4, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
+        @s.define_item("test4", 8, 0, :BLOCK)
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
+        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be false
+      end
+
+      it "recalulates sorted_items when adding multiple items" do
+        @s.define_item("test1", 8, 32, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 5
+        @s.define_item("test2", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST2"
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 5
+        @s.define_item("test3", 16, 8, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[-1].name).to eql "TEST3"
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 5
+        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "overwrites existing items" do
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 8
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].data_type).to eql :UINT
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 16, :INT)
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 16
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].data_type).to eql :INT
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
+        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be true
+      end
+    end # describe "define_item"
+
+    describe "define" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @s = Structure.new
+      end
+
+      it "adds the item to items and sorted_items" do
+        expect(@s.items["test1"]).to be_nil
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0]).to be_nil
+        si = StructureItem.new("test1",0,8,:UINT,:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        @s.define(si)
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"]).not_to be_nil
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0]).not_to be_nil
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
+        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "allows items to be defined on top of each other" do
+        expect(@s.items["test1"]).to be_nil
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0]).to be_nil
+        si = StructureItem.new("test1",0,8,:UINT,:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        @s.define(si)
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_offset).to eql 0
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 8
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].data_type).to eql :UINT
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
+        si = StructureItem.new("test2",0,16,:INT,:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        @s.define(si)
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[1].name).to eql "TEST2"
+        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].bit_offset).to eql 0
+        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].bit_size).to eql 16
+        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].data_type).to eql :INT
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
+        buffer = "\x01\x02"
+        expect(@s.read_item(@s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql 1
+        expect(@s.read_item(@s.get_item("test2"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql 258
+      end
+
+      it "overwrites existing items" do
+        si = StructureItem.new("test1",0,8,:UINT,:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        @s.define(si)
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 8
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].data_type).to eql :UINT
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 1
+        si = StructureItem.new("test1",0,16,:INT,:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        @s.define(si)
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 16
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].data_type).to eql :INT
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
+        expect(@s.fixed_size).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "append_item" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @s = Structure.new
+      end
+
+      it "appends an item to items" do
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        @s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].bit_size).to eql 16
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[1].name).to eql "TEST2"
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
+      end
+
+      it "appends an item after an array item " do
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, 16)
+        expect(@s.items["TEST1"].bit_size).to eql 8
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[1]).to be_nil
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 2
+        @s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
+        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].bit_size).to eql 16
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[1].name).to eql "TEST2"
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 4
+      end
+
+      it "complains if appending after a variably sized item" do
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 0, :BLOCK)
+        expect { @s.append_item("test2", 8, :UINT) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Can't append an item after a variably sized item")
+      end
+
+      it "complains if appending after a variably sized array" do
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, -8)
+        expect { @s.append_item("test2", 8, :UINT) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Can't append an item after a variably sized item")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "append" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @s = Structure.new
+      end
+
+      it "appends an item to the structure" do
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        item = StructureItem.new("test2", 0, 16, :UINT, :BIG_ENDIAN)
+        @s.append(item)
+        # Bit offset should change because we appended the item
+        expect(@s.items["TEST2"].bit_offset).to eql 8
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[0].name).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(@s.sorted_items[1].name).to eql "TEST2"
+        expect(@s.defined_length).to eql 3
+      end
+
+      it "complains if appending after a variably sized item" do
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 0, :BLOCK)
+        expect { @s.append(@item) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Can't append an item after a variably sized item")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "get_item" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @s = Structure.new
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+      end
+
+      it "returns a defined item" do
+        expect(@s.get_item("test1")).not_to be_nil
+      end
+
+      it "complains if an item doesn't exist" do
+        expect { @s.get_item("test2") }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unknown item: test2")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "set_item" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @s = Structure.new
+        @s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+      end
+
+      it "sets a defined item" do
+        item = @s.get_item("test1")
+        expect(item.bit_size).to eql 8
+        item.bit_size = 16
+        @s.set_item(item)
+        expect(@s.get_item("test1").bit_size).to eql 16
+      end
+
+      it "complains if an item doesn't exist" do
+        item = @s.get_item("test1")
+        item.name = "TEST2"
+        expect { @s.set_item(item) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unknown item: TEST2 - Ensure item name is uppercase")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "read_item" do
+      it "complains if no buffer given" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        expect { s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, nil) }.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "No buffer given to read_item")
+      end
+
+      it "reads data from the buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        buffer = "\x01"
+        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql 1
+      end
+
+      it "reads array data from the buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, 16)
+        buffer = "\x01\x02"
+        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql [1,2]
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "write_item" do
+      it "complains if no buffer given" do
+        expect { Structure.new.write_item(nil, nil, nil, nil) }.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "No buffer given to write_item")
+      end
+
+      it "writes data to the buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        buffer = "\x01"
+        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql 1
+        s.write_item(s.get_item("test1"), 2, :RAW, buffer)
+        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql 2
+      end
+
+      it "writes array data to the buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, 16)
+        buffer = "\x01\x02"
+        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql [1,2]
+        s.write_item(s.get_item("test1"), [3,4], :RAW, buffer)
+        expect(s.read_item(s.get_item("test1"), :RAW, buffer)).to eql [3,4]
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "read" do
+      it "complains if item doesn't exist" do
+        expect { Structure.new.read("BLAH") }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unknown item: BLAH")
+      end
+
+      it "reads data from the buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        buffer = "\x01"
+        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql 1
+      end
+
+      it "reads array data from the buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, 16)
+        buffer = "\x01\x02"
+        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql [1,2]
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "write" do
+      it "complains if item doesn't exist" do
+        expect { Structure.new.write("BLAH", 0) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unknown item: BLAH")
+      end
+
+      it "writes data to the buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT)
+        buffer = "\x01"
+        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql 1
+        s.write("test1", 2, :RAW, buffer)
+        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql 2
+      end
+
+      it "writes array data to the buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new
+        s.define_item("test1", 0, 8, :UINT, 16)
+        buffer = "\x01\x02"
+        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql [1,2]
+        s.write("test1", [3,4], :RAW, buffer)
+        expect(s.read("test1", :RAW, buffer)).to eql [3,4]
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "read_all" do
+      it "reads all defined items" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
+        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
+        s.append_item("test3", 32, :UINT)
+
+        buffer = "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08"
+        vals = s.read_all(:RAW, buffer)
+        expect(vals[0][0]).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(vals[1][0]).to eql "TEST2"
+        expect(vals[2][0]).to eql "TEST3"
+        expect(vals[0][1]).to eql [1,2]
+        expect(vals[1][1]).to eql 0x0304
+        expect(vals[2][1]).to eql 0x05060708
+      end
+
+      it "reads all defined items synchronized" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
+        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
+        s.append_item("test3", 32, :UINT)
+
+        buffer = "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08"
+        vals = s.read_all(:RAW, buffer, false)
+        expect(vals[0][0]).to eql "TEST1"
+        expect(vals[1][0]).to eql "TEST2"
+        expect(vals[2][0]).to eql "TEST3"
+        expect(vals[0][1]).to eql [1,2]
+        expect(vals[1][1]).to eql 0x0304
+        expect(vals[2][1]).to eql 0x05060708
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "formatted" do
+      it "prints out all the items and values" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
+        s.write("test1", [1,2])
+        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
+        s.write("test2", 3456)
+        s.append_item("test3", 32, :BLOCK)
+        s.write("test3", "\x07\x08\x09\x0A")
+        expect(s.formatted).to include("TEST1: [1, 2]")
+        expect(s.formatted).to include("TEST2: 3456")
+        expect(s.formatted).to include("TEST3")
+        expect(s.formatted).to include("00000000: 07 08 09 0A")
+      end
+
+      it "alters the indentation of the item" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
+        s.write("test1", [1,2])
+        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
+        s.write("test2", 3456)
+        s.append_item("test3", 32, :BLOCK)
+        s.write("test3", "\x07\x08\x09\x0A")
+        expect(s.formatted(:CONVERTED, 4)).to include("    TEST1: [1, 2]")
+        expect(s.formatted(:CONVERTED, 4)).to include("    TEST2: 3456")
+        expect(s.formatted(:CONVERTED, 4)).to include("    TEST3")
+        expect(s.formatted(:CONVERTED, 4)).to include("    00000000: 07 08 09 0A")
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "buffer" do
+      it "returns the buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
+        s.write("test1", [1,2])
+        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
+        s.write("test2", 0x0304)
+        s.append_item("test3", 32, :UINT)
+        s.write("test3", 0x05060708)
+        expect(s.buffer).to eql "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08"
+        expect(s.buffer).to_not be s.buffer
+        expect(s.buffer(false)).to be s.buffer(false)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "buffer=" do
+      it "complains if the given buffer is too small" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 16, :UINT)
+        expect { s.buffer = "\x00" }.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "Buffer length less than defined length")
+      end
+
+      it "complains if the given buffer is too big" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 16, :UINT)
+        expect { s.buffer = "\x00\x00\x00" }.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "Buffer length greater than defined length")
+      end
+
+      it "does not complain if the given buffer is too big and we're not fixed length" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT)
+        s.append_item("test2", 0, :BLOCK)
+        s.buffer = "\x01\x02\x03"
+        expect(s.read("test1")).to eql 1
+        expect(s.read("test2")).to eql "\x02\x03"
+      end
+
+      it "sets the buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
+        s.write("test1", [1,2])
+        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
+        s.write("test2", 0x0304)
+        s.append_item("test3", 32, :UINT)
+        s.write("test3", 0x05060708)
+        expect(s.read("test1")).to eql [1,2]
+        expect(s.read("test2")).to eql 0x0304
+        expect(s.read("test3")).to eql 0x05060708
+        s.buffer = "\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07"
+        expect(s.read("test1")).to eql [0,1]
+        expect(s.read("test2")).to eql 0x0203
+        expect(s.read("test3")).to eql 0x04050607
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "clone" do
+      it "duplicates the structure with a new buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
+        s.write("test1", [1,2])
+        s.append_item("test2", 16, :UINT)
+        s.write("test2", 0x0304)
+        s.append_item("test3", 32, :UINT)
+        s.write("test3", 0x05060708)
+        # Get a reference to the original buffer
+        old_buffer = s.buffer(false)
+
+        s2 = s.clone
+        # Ensure we didn't modify the original buffer object
+        expect(s.buffer(false)).to be old_buffer
+        # Check that they are equal in value
+        expect(s2.buffer(false)).to eql s.buffer(false)
+        # But not the same object
+        expect(s2.buffer(false)).to_not be s.buffer(false)
+        expect(s2.read("test1")).to eql [1,2]
+        expect(s2.read("test2")).to eql 0x0304
+        expect(s2.read("test3")).to eql 0x05060708
+        s2.write("test1", [0,0])
+        expect(s2.read("test1")).to eql [0,0]
+        # Ensure we didn't change the original
+        expect(s.read("test1")).to eql [1,2]
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "enable_method_missing" do
+      it "enables reading by name" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
+        s.write("test1", [1,2])
+        s.enable_method_missing
+        expect(s.test1).to eql [1,2]
+      end
+
+      it "enables writing by name" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
+        s.write("test1", [1,2])
+        s.enable_method_missing
+        expect(s.test1).to eql [1,2]
+        s.test1 = [3,4]
+        expect(s.test1).to eql [3,4]
+      end
+
+      it "raises an exception if there is no buffer" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN, nil)
+        s.append_item("test1", 8, :UINT, 16)
+        s.enable_method_missing
+        expect { s.test1 }.to raise_error(/No buffer/)
+      end
+
+      it "complains if it can't find an item" do
+        s = Structure.new(:BIG_ENDIAN)
+        s.enable_method_missing
+        expect { s.test1 }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Unknown item: test1")
+      end
+    end
+
+  end # describe Structure
+
+end