passagemath-schemes 10.6.47__cp312-cp312-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/modular/dims.py

@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.libs.pari
+r"""
+Dimensions of spaces of modular forms
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- William Stein
+
+- Jordi Quer
+
+ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The dimension formulas and implementations in this
+module grew out of a program that Bruce Kaskel wrote (around 1996)
+in PARI, which Kevin Buzzard subsequently extended. I (William
+Stein) then implemented it in C++ for Hecke. I also implemented it
+in Magma. Also, the functions for dimensions of spaces with
+nontrivial character are based on a paper (that has no proofs) by
+Cohen and Oesterlé [CO1977]_. The formulas for `\Gamma_H(N)` were found
+and implemented by Jordi Quer.
+
+The formulas here are more complete than in Hecke or Magma.
+
+Currently the input to each function below is an integer and either a Dirichlet
+character `\varepsilon` or a finite index subgroup of `\SL_2(\ZZ)`.
+If the input is a Dirichlet character `\varepsilon`, the dimensions are for
+subspaces of `M_k(\Gamma_1(N), \varepsilon)`, where `N` is the modulus of
+`\varepsilon`.
+
+These functions mostly call the methods ``dimension_cusp_forms``,
+``dimension_modular_forms`` and so on of the corresponding congruence subgroup
+classes.
+
+REFERENCES:
+
+.. [CO1977] \H. Cohen, J. Oesterlé, *Dimensions des espaces de formes
+   modulaires*, p. 69-78 in Modular functions in one variable VI.
+   Lecture Notes in Math. 627, Springer-Verlag, NewYork, 1977.
+"""
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2004-2008 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.arith.misc import factor, is_prime, valuation
+from sage.misc.misc_c import prod
+from sage.modular.arithgroup.all import (Gamma0, Gamma1, ArithmeticSubgroup,
+                                         GammaH_class)
+from sage.rings.finite_rings.integer_mod import Mod
+from sage.rings.finite_rings.integer_mod_ring import IntegerModRing
+from sage.rings.integer import Integer
+from sage.rings.rational_field import frac
+
+from sage.modular import dirichlet
+
+##########################################################################
+# Helper functions for calculating dimensions of spaces of modular forms
+##########################################################################
+
+
+def eisen(p):
+    """
+    Return the Eisenstein number `n` which is the numerator of `(p-1)/12`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``p`` -- a prime
+
+    OUTPUT: integer
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: [(p, sage.modular.dims.eisen(p)) for p in prime_range(24)]
+        [(2, 1), (3, 1), (5, 1), (7, 1), (11, 5), (13, 1), (17, 4),
+         (19, 3), (23, 11)]
+    """
+    if not is_prime(p):
+        raise ValueError("p must be prime")
+    return frac(p - 1, 12).numerator()
+
+##########################################################################
+# Formula of Cohen-Oesterlé for dim S_k(Gamma_1(N),eps).  REF:
+# Springer Lecture notes in math, volume 627, pages 69--78.  The
+# functions CO_delta and CO_nu, which were first written by Kevin
+# Buzzard, are used only by the function CohenOesterle.
+##########################################################################
+
+
+def CO_delta(r, p, N, eps):
+    r"""
+    This is used as an intermediate value in computations related to
+    the paper of Cohen-Oesterlé.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``r`` -- positive integer
+
+    - ``p`` -- a prime
+
+    - ``N`` -- positive integer
+
+    - ``eps`` -- character
+
+    OUTPUT: element of the base ring of the character
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: G.<eps> = DirichletGroup(7)
+        sage: sage.modular.dims.CO_delta(1,5,7,eps^3)
+        2
+    """
+    K = eps.base_ring()
+    if p % 4 == 3:
+        return K.zero()
+    if p == 2:
+        if r == 1:
+            return K.one()
+        return K.zero()
+    # interesting case: p=1(mod 4).
+    # omega is a primitive 4th root of unity mod p.
+    omega = (IntegerModRing(p).unit_gens()[0])**((p - 1) // 4)
+    # this n is within a p-power root of a "local" 4th root of 1 modulo p.
+    n = Mod(int(omega.crt(Mod(1, N // (p**r)))), N)
+    n = n**(p**(r - 1))   # this is correct now
+    t = eps(n)
+    if t == K.one():
+        return K(2)
+    if t == -K.one():
+        return K(-2)
+    return K.zero()
+
+
+def CO_nu(r, p, N, eps):
+    r"""
+    This is used as an intermediate value in computations related to
+    the paper of Cohen-Oesterlé.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``r`` -- positive integer
+
+    - ``p`` -- a prime
+
+    - ``N`` -- positive integer
+
+    - ``eps`` -- character
+
+    OUTPUT: element of the base ring of the character
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: G.<eps> = DirichletGroup(7)
+        sage: G.<eps> = DirichletGroup(7)
+        sage: sage.modular.dims.CO_nu(1,7,7,eps)
+        -1
+    """
+    K = eps.base_ring()
+    if p % 3 == 2:
+        return K.zero()
+    if p == 3:
+        if r == 1:
+            return K.one()
+        return K.zero()
+    # interesting case: p=1(mod 3)
+    # omega is a cube root of 1 mod p.
+    omega = (IntegerModRing(p).unit_gens()[0])**((p - 1) // 3)
+    n = Mod(omega.crt(Mod(1, N // (p**r))), N)
+    # within a p-power root of a "local" cube root of 1 mod p.
+    n = n**(p**(r - 1))  # this is right now
+    t = eps(n)
+    if t == K.one():
+        return K(2)
+    return -K.one()
+
+
+def CohenOesterle(eps, k):
+    r"""
+    Compute the Cohen-Oesterlé function associate to eps, `k`.
+
+    This is a summand in the formula for the dimension of the space of
+    cusp forms of weight `2` with character `\varepsilon`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``eps`` -- Dirichlet character
+
+    - ``k`` -- integer
+
+    OUTPUT: element of the base ring of eps
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: G.<eps> = DirichletGroup(7)
+        sage: sage.modular.dims.CohenOesterle(eps, 2)
+        -2/3
+        sage: sage.modular.dims.CohenOesterle(eps, 4)
+        -1
+    """
+    N = eps.modulus()
+    facN = factor(N)
+    f = eps.conductor()
+    gamma_k = 0
+    if k % 4 == 2:
+        gamma_k = frac(-1, 4)
+    elif k % 4 == 0:
+        gamma_k = frac(1, 4)
+    mu_k = 0
+    if k % 3 == 2:
+        mu_k = frac(-1, 3)
+    elif k % 3 == 0:
+        mu_k = frac(1, 3)
+
+    def _lambda(r, s, p):
+        """
+        Used internally by the CohenOesterle function.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``r``, ``s``, ``p`` -- integers
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES: (indirect doctest)
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            sage: K = CyclotomicField(3)
+            sage: eps = DirichletGroup(7*43, K).0^2
+            sage: sage.modular.dims.CohenOesterle(eps, 2)
+            -4/3
+        """
+        if 2 * s <= r:
+            if r % 2 == 0:
+                return p**(r // 2) + p**((r // 2) - 1)
+            return 2 * p**((r - 1) // 2)
+        return 2 * p**(r - s)
+
+    K = eps.base_ring()
+    return K(frac(-1, 2) *
+             prod(_lambda(r, valuation(f, p), p) for p, r in facN) +
+             gamma_k * K.prod(CO_delta(r, p, N, eps) for p, r in facN) +
+             mu_k * K.prod(CO_nu(r, p, N, eps) for p, r in facN))
+
+
+####################################################################
+# Functions exported to the global namespace.
+# These have very flexible inputs.
+####################################################################
+
+def dimension_new_cusp_forms(X, k=2, p=0):
+    """
+    Return the dimension of the new (or `p`-new) subspace of
+    cusp forms for the character or group `X`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``X`` -- integer, congruence subgroup or Dirichlet
+      character
+
+    - ``k`` -- weight (integer)
+
+    - ``p`` -- 0 or a prime
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.modular.dims import dimension_new_cusp_forms
+        sage: dimension_new_cusp_forms(100,2)
+        1
+
+        sage: dimension_new_cusp_forms(Gamma0(100),2)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_new_cusp_forms(Gamma0(100),4)
+        5
+
+        sage: dimension_new_cusp_forms(Gamma1(100),2)
+        141
+        sage: dimension_new_cusp_forms(Gamma1(100),4)
+        463
+
+        sage: dimension_new_cusp_forms(DirichletGroup(100).1^2,2)
+        2
+        sage: dimension_new_cusp_forms(DirichletGroup(100).1^2,4)
+        8
+
+        sage: sum(dimension_new_cusp_forms(e,3) for e in DirichletGroup(30))
+        12
+        sage: dimension_new_cusp_forms(Gamma1(30),3)
+        12
+
+    Check that :issue:`12640` is fixed::
+
+        sage: dimension_new_cusp_forms(DirichletGroup(1)(1), 12)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_new_cusp_forms(DirichletGroup(2)(1), 24)
+        1
+    """
+    if isinstance(X, GammaH_class):
+        return X.dimension_new_cusp_forms(k, p=p)
+    elif isinstance(X, dirichlet.DirichletCharacter):
+        N = X.modulus()
+        if N <= 2:
+            return Gamma0(N).dimension_new_cusp_forms(k, p=p)
+        else:
+            # Gamma1(N) for N<=2 just returns Gamma0(N), which has no
+            # eps parameter. See trac #12640.
+            return Gamma1(N).dimension_new_cusp_forms(k, eps=X, p=p)
+    elif isinstance(X, (int, Integer)):
+        return Gamma0(X).dimension_new_cusp_forms(k, p=p)
+    raise TypeError(f"X (={X}) must be an integer, a Dirichlet character or a congruence subgroup of type Gamma0, Gamma1 or GammaH")
+
+
+def dimension_cusp_forms(X, k=2):
+    r"""
+    The dimension of the space of cusp forms for the given congruence
+    subgroup or Dirichlet character.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``X`` -- congruence subgroup or Dirichlet character
+      or integer
+
+    - ``k`` -- weight (integer)
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.modular.dims import dimension_cusp_forms
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(5,4)
+        1
+
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma0(11),2)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma1(13),2)
+        2
+
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(DirichletGroup(13).0^2,2)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(DirichletGroup(13).0,3)
+        1
+
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma0(11),2)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma0(11),0)
+        0
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma0(1),12)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma0(1),2)
+        0
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma0(1),4)
+        0
+
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma0(389),2)
+        32
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma0(389),4)
+        97
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma0(2005),2)
+        199
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma0(11),1)
+        0
+
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma1(11),2)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma1(1),12)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma1(1),2)
+        0
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma1(1),4)
+        0
+
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma1(389),2)
+        6112
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma1(389),4)
+        18721
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma1(2005),2)
+        159201
+
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(Gamma1(11),1)
+        0
+
+        sage: e = DirichletGroup(13).0
+        sage: e.order()
+        12
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(e,2)
+        0
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(e^2,2)
+        1
+
+    Check that :issue:`12640` is fixed::
+
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(DirichletGroup(1)(1), 12)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(DirichletGroup(2)(1), 24)
+        5
+    """
+    if isinstance(X, dirichlet.DirichletCharacter):
+        N = X.modulus()
+        if N <= 2:
+            return Gamma0(N).dimension_cusp_forms(k)
+        else:
+            return Gamma1(N).dimension_cusp_forms(k, X)
+    elif isinstance(X, ArithmeticSubgroup):
+        return X.dimension_cusp_forms(k)
+    elif isinstance(X, (int, Integer)):
+        return Gamma0(X).dimension_cusp_forms(k)
+    raise TypeError("argument 1 must be a Dirichlet character, an integer "
+                    "or a finite index subgroup of SL2Z")
+
+
+def dimension_eis(X, k=2):
+    """
+    The dimension of the space of Eisenstein series for the given
+    congruence subgroup.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``X`` -- congruence subgroup or Dirichlet character
+      or integer
+
+    - ``k`` -- integer; weight
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.modular.dims import dimension_eis
+        sage: dimension_eis(5,4)
+        2
+
+        sage: dimension_eis(Gamma0(11),2)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_eis(Gamma1(13),2)
+        11
+        sage: dimension_eis(Gamma1(2006),2)
+        3711
+
+        sage: e = DirichletGroup(13).0
+        sage: e.order()
+        12
+        sage: dimension_eis(e,2)
+        0
+        sage: dimension_eis(e^2,2)
+        2
+
+        sage: e = DirichletGroup(13).0
+        sage: e.order()
+        12
+        sage: dimension_eis(e,2)
+        0
+        sage: dimension_eis(e^2,2)
+        2
+        sage: dimension_eis(e,13)
+        2
+
+        sage: G = DirichletGroup(20)
+        sage: dimension_eis(G.0,3)
+        4
+        sage: dimension_eis(G.1,3)
+        6
+        sage: dimension_eis(G.1^2,2)
+        6
+
+        sage: G = DirichletGroup(200)
+        sage: e = prod(G.gens(), G(1))
+        sage: e.conductor()
+        200
+        sage: dimension_eis(e,2)
+        4
+
+        sage: from sage.modular.dims import dimension_modular_forms
+        sage: dimension_modular_forms(Gamma1(4), 11)
+        6
+    """
+    if isinstance(X, ArithmeticSubgroup):
+        return X.dimension_eis(k)
+    elif isinstance(X, dirichlet.DirichletCharacter):
+        return Gamma1(X.modulus()).dimension_eis(k, X)
+    elif isinstance(X, (int, Integer)):
+        return Gamma0(X).dimension_eis(k)
+    raise TypeError(f"argument in dimension_eis must be an integer, a Dirichlet character, or a finite index subgroup of SL2Z (got {X})")
+
+
+def dimension_modular_forms(X, k=2):
+    r"""
+    The dimension of the space of cusp forms for the given congruence
+    subgroup (either `\Gamma_0(N)`, `\Gamma_1(N)`, or
+    `\Gamma_H(N)`) or Dirichlet character.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``X`` -- congruence subgroup or Dirichlet character
+
+    - ``k`` -- integer; weight
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.modular.dims import dimension_modular_forms
+        sage: dimension_modular_forms(Gamma0(11),2)
+        2
+        sage: dimension_modular_forms(Gamma0(11),0)
+        1
+        sage: dimension_modular_forms(Gamma1(13),2)
+        13
+        sage: dimension_modular_forms(GammaH(11, [10]), 2)
+        10
+        sage: dimension_modular_forms(GammaH(11, [10]))
+        10
+        sage: dimension_modular_forms(GammaH(11, [10]), 4)
+        20
+        sage: e = DirichletGroup(20).1
+        sage: dimension_modular_forms(e,3)
+        9
+        sage: from sage.modular.dims import dimension_cusp_forms
+        sage: dimension_cusp_forms(e,3)
+        3
+        sage: from sage.modular.dims import dimension_eis
+        sage: dimension_eis(e,3)
+        6
+        sage: dimension_modular_forms(11,2)
+        2
+    """
+    if isinstance(X, (int, Integer)):
+        return Gamma0(X).dimension_modular_forms(k)
+    elif isinstance(X, ArithmeticSubgroup):
+        return X.dimension_modular_forms(k)
+    elif isinstance(X, dirichlet.DirichletCharacter):
+        return Gamma1(X.modulus()).dimension_modular_forms(k, eps=X)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("argument 1 must be an integer, a Dirichlet character "
+                        "or an arithmetic subgroup")
+
+
+def sturm_bound(level, weight=2):
+    r"""
+    Return the Sturm bound for modular forms with given level and weight.
+
+    For more details, see the documentation for the ``sturm_bound`` method
+    of :class:`sage.modular.arithgroup.CongruenceSubgroup` objects.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``level`` -- integer (interpreted as a level for `\Gamma0`) or a
+      congruence subgroup
+
+    - ``weight`` -- integer `\geq 2` (default: 2)
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.modular.dims import sturm_bound
+        sage: sturm_bound(11,2)
+        2
+        sage: sturm_bound(389,2)
+        65
+        sage: sturm_bound(1,12)
+        1
+        sage: sturm_bound(100,2)
+        30
+        sage: sturm_bound(1,36)
+        3
+        sage: sturm_bound(11)
+        2
+    """
+    if isinstance(level, ArithmeticSubgroup):
+        if level.is_congruence():
+            return level.sturm_bound(weight)
+        raise ValueError("no Sturm bound defined for noncongruence subgroups")
+    if isinstance(level, (int, Integer)):
+        return Gamma0(level).sturm_bound(weight)