passagemath-schemes 10.6.47__cp312-cp312-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/schemes/curves/point.py

@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.libs.singular
+"""
+Rational points of curves
+
+We can create points on projective curves::
+
+    sage: P.<x,y,z,w> = ProjectiveSpace(QQ, 3)
+    sage: C = Curve([x^3 - 2*x*z^2 - y^3, z^3 - w^3 - x*y*z], P)
+    sage: Q = C([1,1,0,0])
+    sage: Q.parent()
+    Set of rational points of Projective Curve over Rational Field
+     defined by x^3 - y^3 - 2*x*z^2, -x*y*z + z^3 - w^3
+
+or on affine curves::
+
+    sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(GF(23), 2)
+    sage: C = Curve([y - y^4 + 17*x^2 - 2*x + 22], A)
+    sage: Q = C([22,21])
+    sage: Q.parent()
+    Set of rational points of Affine Plane Curve over Finite Field of size 23
+     defined by -y^4 - 6*x^2 - 2*x + y - 1
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Grayson Jorgenson (2016-6): initial version
+"""
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2005 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+#  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+from sage.schemes.affine.affine_point import (SchemeMorphism_point_affine_field,
+                                              SchemeMorphism_point_affine_finite_field)
+from sage.schemes.projective.projective_point import (SchemeMorphism_point_projective_field,
+                                                      SchemeMorphism_point_projective_finite_field)
+
+
+class ProjectiveCurvePoint_field(SchemeMorphism_point_projective_field):
+    """
+    Point of a projective curve over a field.
+    """
+    def is_singular(self):
+        r"""
+        Return whether this point is a singular point of the projective curve it is on.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y,z,w> = ProjectiveSpace(QQ, 3)
+            sage: C = Curve([x^2 - y^2, z - w], P)
+            sage: Q1 = C([0,0,1,1])
+            sage: Q1.is_singular()
+            True
+            sage: Q2 = C([1,1,1,1])
+            sage: Q2.is_singular()
+            False
+        """
+        return self.codomain().is_singular(self)
+
+
+class ProjectivePlaneCurvePoint_field(ProjectiveCurvePoint_field):
+    """
+    Point of a projective plane curve over a field.
+    """
+    def multiplicity(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the multiplicity of this point with respect to the projective
+        curve it is on.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(GF(17), 2)
+            sage: C = Curve([y^3*z - 16*x^4], P)
+            sage: Q = C([0,0,1])
+            sage: Q.multiplicity()
+            3
+        """
+        return self.codomain().multiplicity(self)
+
+    def tangents(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the tangents at this point of the projective plane curve this point is on.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A list of polynomials in the coordinate ring of the ambient space
+        of the curve this point is on.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(QQ, 2)
+            sage: C = Curve([y^2*z^3 - x^5 + 18*y*x*z^3])
+            sage: Q = C([0,0,1])
+            sage: Q.tangents()
+            [y, 18*x + y]
+        """
+        return self.codomain().tangents(self)
+
+    def is_ordinary_singularity(self):
+        r"""
+        Return whether this point is an ordinary singularity of the projective
+        plane curve it is on.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(QQ, 2)
+            sage: C = Curve([z^6 - x^6 - x^3*z^3 - x^3*y^3])
+            sage: Q = C([0,1,0])
+            sage: Q.is_ordinary_singularity()
+            False
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            sage: R.<a> = QQ[]
+            sage: K.<b> = NumberField(a^2 - 3)
+            sage: P.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(K, 2)
+            sage: C = P.curve([x^2*y^3*z^4 - y^6*z^3 - 4*x^2*y^4*z^3 -
+            ....: 4*x^4*y^2*z^3 + 3*y^7*z^2 + 10*x^2*y^5*z^2 + 9*x^4*y^3*z^2 +
+            ....: 5*x^6*y*z^2 - 3*y^8*z - 9*x^2*y^6*z - 11*x^4*y^4*z - 7*x^6*y^2*z -
+            ....: 2*x^8*z + y^9 + 2*x^2*y^7 + 3*x^4*y^5 + 4*x^6*y^3 + 2*x^8*y])
+            sage: Q = C([-1/2, 1/2, 1])
+            sage: Q.is_ordinary_singularity()
+            True
+        """
+        return self.codomain().is_ordinary_singularity(self)
+
+    def is_transverse(self, D):
+        r"""
+        Return whether the intersection of the curve ``D`` at this point with
+        the curve this point is on is transverse or not.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``D`` -- a curve in the same ambient space as the curve this point is on
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(QQ, 2)
+            sage: C = Curve([x^2 - 2*y^2 - 2*z^2], P)
+            sage: D = Curve([y - z], P)
+            sage: Q = C([2,1,1])
+            sage: Q.is_transverse(D)
+            True
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(GF(17), 2)
+            sage: C = Curve([x^4 - 16*y^3*z], P)
+            sage: D = Curve([y^2 - z*x], P)
+            sage: Q = C([0,0,1])
+            sage: Q.is_transverse(D)
+            False
+        """
+        return self.codomain().is_transverse(D, self)
+
+
+class ProjectivePlaneCurvePoint_finite_field(ProjectivePlaneCurvePoint_field,
+                                             SchemeMorphism_point_projective_finite_field):
+    """
+    Point of a projective plane curve over a finite field.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class IntegralProjectiveCurvePoint(ProjectiveCurvePoint_field):
+    def closed_point(self):
+        """
+        Return the closed point corresponding to this rational point.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(GF(17), 2)
+            sage: C = Curve([x^4 - 16*y^3*z], P)
+            sage: C.singular_points()
+            [(0 : 0 : 1)]
+            sage: p = _[0]
+            sage: p.closed_point()
+            Point (x, y)
+        """
+        curve = self.codomain()
+        A = curve.ambient_space()
+        S = A.coordinate_ring()
+
+        hcoords = self._coords
+        for i in range(S.ngens()):
+            if hcoords[i]:
+                break
+        ai = hcoords[i]
+        xi = S.gen(i)
+        hgens = [ai * S.gen(j) - hcoords[j] * xi
+                 for j in range(S.ngens()) if j != i]
+        return curve._closed_point(curve, S.ideal(hgens), degree=1)
+
+    def places(self):
+        """
+        Return all places on this point.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(GF(17), 2)
+            sage: C = Curve([x^4 - 16*y^3*z], P)
+            sage: C.singular_points()
+            [(0 : 0 : 1)]
+            sage: p = _[0]
+            sage: p.places()
+            [Place (y)]
+        """
+        return self.closed_point().places()
+
+    def place(self):
+        """
+        Return a place on this point.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y,z> = ProjectiveSpace(GF(17), 2)
+            sage: C = Curve([x^4 - 16*y^3*z], P)
+            sage: C.singular_points()
+            [(0 : 0 : 1)]
+            sage: p = _[0]
+            sage: p.place()
+            Place (y)
+        """
+        return self.closed_point().place()
+
+
+class IntegralProjectiveCurvePoint_finite_field(IntegralProjectiveCurvePoint):
+    """
+    Point of an integral projective curve over a finite field.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class IntegralProjectivePlaneCurvePoint(IntegralProjectiveCurvePoint, ProjectivePlaneCurvePoint_field):
+    """
+    Point of an integral projective plane curve over a field.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class IntegralProjectivePlaneCurvePoint_finite_field(ProjectivePlaneCurvePoint_finite_field, IntegralProjectiveCurvePoint_finite_field):
+    """
+    Point of an integral projective plane curve over a finite field.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class AffineCurvePoint_field(SchemeMorphism_point_affine_field):
+
+    def is_singular(self):
+        r"""
+        Return whether this point is a singular point of the affine curve it is on.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            sage: K = QuadraticField(-1)
+            sage: A.<x,y,z> = AffineSpace(K, 3)
+            sage: C = Curve([(x^4 + 2*z + 2)*y, z - y + 1])
+            sage: Q1 = C([0,0,-1])
+            sage: Q1.is_singular()
+            True
+            sage: Q2 = C([-K.gen(),0,-1])
+            sage: Q2.is_singular()
+            False
+        """
+        return self.codomain().is_singular(self)
+
+
+class AffinePlaneCurvePoint_field(AffineCurvePoint_field):
+    """
+    Point of an affine plane curve over a field.
+    """
+    def multiplicity(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the multiplicity of this point with respect to the affine curve it is on.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(QQ, 2)
+            sage: C = A.curve([2*x^7 - 3*x^6*y + x^5*y^2 + 31*x^6 - 40*x^5*y +
+            ....: 13*x^4*y^2 - x^3*y^3 + 207*x^5 - 228*x^4*y + 70*x^3*y^2 - 7*x^2*y^3
+            ....: + 775*x^4 - 713*x^3*y + 193*x^2*y^2 - 19*x*y^3 + y^4 + 1764*x^3 -
+            ....: 1293*x^2*y + 277*x*y^2 - 22*y^3 + 2451*x^2 - 1297*x*y + 172*y^2 +
+            ....: 1935*x - 570*y + 675])
+            sage: Q = C([-2,1])
+            sage: Q.multiplicity()
+            4
+        """
+        return self.codomain().multiplicity(self)
+
+    def tangents(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the tangents at this point of the affine plane curve this point is on.
+
+        OUTPUT: list of polynomials in the coordinate ring of the ambient
+        space of the curve this point is on
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(QQ, 2)
+            sage: C = A.curve([x^5 - x^3*y^2 + 5*x^4 - x^3*y - 3*x^2*y^2 +
+            ....: x*y^3 + 10*x^3 - 3*x^2*y - 3*x*y^2 + y^3 + 10*x^2 - 3*x*y - y^2 +
+            ....: 5*x - y + 1])
+            sage: Q = C([-1,0])
+            sage: Q.tangents()
+            [y, x - y + 1, x + 1, x + y + 1]
+        """
+        return self.codomain().tangents(self)
+
+    def is_ordinary_singularity(self):
+        r"""
+        Return whether this point is an ordinary singularity of the affine
+        plane curve it is on.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(QQ, 2)
+            sage: C = A.curve([x^5 - x^3*y^2 + 5*x^4 - x^3*y - 3*x^2*y^2 +
+            ....: x*y^3 + 10*x^3 - 3*x^2*y - 3*x*y^2 + y^3 + 10*x^2 - 3*x*y - y^2 +
+            ....: 5*x - y + 1])
+            sage: Q = C([-1,0])
+            sage: Q.is_ordinary_singularity()
+            True
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(GF(7), 2)
+            sage: C = A.curve([y^2 - x^7 - 6*x^3])
+            sage: Q = C([0,0])
+            sage: Q.is_ordinary_singularity()
+            False
+        """
+        return self.codomain().is_ordinary_singularity(self)
+
+    def is_transverse(self, D):
+        r"""
+        Return whether the intersection of the curve ``D`` at this point with
+        the curve this point is on is transverse or not.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``D`` -- a curve in the same ambient space as the curve this point is on
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(QQ, 2)
+            sage: C = Curve([y - x^2], A)
+            sage: D = Curve([y], A)
+            sage: Q = C([0,0])
+            sage: Q.is_transverse(D)
+            False
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            sage: R.<a> = QQ[]
+            sage: K.<b> = NumberField(a^2 - 2)
+            sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(K, 2)
+            sage: C = Curve([y^2 + x^2 - 1], A)
+            sage: D = Curve([y - x], A)
+            sage: Q = C([-1/2*b, -1/2*b])
+            sage: Q.is_transverse(D)
+            True
+        """
+        return self.codomain().is_transverse(D, self)
+
+
+class AffinePlaneCurvePoint_finite_field(AffinePlaneCurvePoint_field, SchemeMorphism_point_affine_finite_field):
+    """
+    Point of an affine plane curve over a finite field.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class IntegralAffineCurvePoint(AffineCurvePoint_field):
+    """
+    Point of an integral affine curve.
+    """
+    def closed_point(self):
+        """
+        Return the closed point that corresponds to this rational point.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(GF(8), 2)
+            sage: C = Curve(x^5 + y^5 + x*y + 1)
+            sage: p = C([1,1])
+            sage: p.closed_point()
+            Point (x + 1, y + 1)
+        """
+        curve = self.codomain()
+        A = curve.ambient_space()
+        R = A.coordinate_ring()
+        coords = self._coords
+        gens = [R.gen(i) - coords[i] for i in range(R.ngens())]
+        return curve._closed_point(curve, R.ideal(gens), degree=1)
+
+    def places(self):
+        """
+        Return all places on this point.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(GF(2), 2)
+            sage: C = Curve(x^5 + y^5 + x*y + 1)
+            sage: p = C(-1,-1)
+            sage: p
+            (1, 1)
+            sage: p.closed_point()
+            Point (x + 1, y + 1)
+            sage: _.places()
+            [Place (x + 1, (1/(x^5 + 1))*y^4 + ((x^5 + x^4 + 1)/(x^5 + 1))*y^3
+                           + ((x^5 + x^3 + 1)/(x^5 + 1))*y^2 + (x^2/(x^5 + 1))*y),
+             Place (x + 1, (1/(x^5 + 1))*y^4 + ((x^5 + x^4 + 1)/(x^5 + 1))*y^3
+                           + (x^3/(x^5 + 1))*y^2 + (x^2/(x^5 + 1))*y + x + 1)]
+        """
+        return self.closed_point().places()
+
+    def place(self):
+        """
+        Return a place on this point.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: A.<x,y> = AffineSpace(GF(2), 2)
+            sage: C = Curve(x^5 + y^5 + x*y + 1)
+            sage: p = C(-1,-1)
+            sage: p
+            (1, 1)
+            sage: p.closed_point()
+            Point (x + 1, y + 1)
+            sage: _.place()
+            Place (x + 1, (1/(x^5 + 1))*y^4 + ((x^5 + x^4 + 1)/(x^5 + 1))*y^3
+                          + ((x^5 + x^3 + 1)/(x^5 + 1))*y^2 + (x^2/(x^5 + 1))*y)
+        """
+        return self.closed_point().place()
+
+
+class IntegralAffineCurvePoint_finite_field(IntegralAffineCurvePoint):
+    """
+    Point of an integral affine curve over a finite field.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class IntegralAffinePlaneCurvePoint(IntegralAffineCurvePoint, AffinePlaneCurvePoint_field):
+    """
+    Point of an integral affine plane curve.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class IntegralAffinePlaneCurvePoint_finite_field(AffinePlaneCurvePoint_finite_field, IntegralAffineCurvePoint_finite_field):
+    """
+    Point of an integral affine plane curve over a finite field.
+    """
+    pass