@needle-tools/three 0.160.3 → 0.162.1

package/examples/jsm/animation/MMDAnimationHelper.js

@@ -1,1207 +1,1207 @@
-import {
-	AnimationMixer,
-	Object3D,
-	Quaternion,
-	Vector3
-} from 'three';
-import { CCDIKSolver } from '../animation/CCDIKSolver.js';
-import { MMDPhysics } from '../animation/MMDPhysics.js';
-
-/**
- * MMDAnimationHelper handles animation of MMD assets loaded by MMDLoader
- * with MMD special features as IK, Grant, and Physics.
- *
- * Dependencies
- *  - ammo.js https://github.com/kripken/ammo.js
- *  - MMDPhysics
- *  - CCDIKSolver
- *
- * TODO
- *  - more precise grant skinning support.
- */
-class MMDAnimationHelper {
-
-	/**
-	 * @param {Object} params - (optional)
-	 * @param {boolean} params.sync - Whether animation durations of added objects are synched. Default is true.
-	 * @param {Number} params.afterglow - Default is 0.0.
-	 * @param {boolean} params.resetPhysicsOnLoop - Default is true.
-	 */
-	constructor( params = {} ) {
-
-		this.meshes = [];
-
-		this.camera = null;
-		this.cameraTarget = new Object3D();
-		this.cameraTarget.name = 'target';
-
-		this.audio = null;
-		this.audioManager = null;
-
-		this.objects = new WeakMap();
-
-		this.configuration = {
-			sync: params.sync !== undefined ? params.sync : true,
-			afterglow: params.afterglow !== undefined ? params.afterglow : 0.0,
-			resetPhysicsOnLoop: params.resetPhysicsOnLoop !== undefined ? params.resetPhysicsOnLoop : true,
-			pmxAnimation: params.pmxAnimation !== undefined ? params.pmxAnimation : false
-		};
-
-		this.enabled = {
-			animation: true,
-			ik: true,
-			grant: true,
-			physics: true,
-			cameraAnimation: true
-		};
-
-		this.onBeforePhysics = function ( /* mesh */ ) {};
-
-		// experimental
-		this.sharedPhysics = false;
-		this.masterPhysics = null;
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Adds an Three.js Object to helper and setups animation.
-	 * The anmation durations of added objects are synched
-	 * if this.configuration.sync is true.
-	 *
-	 * @param {THREE.SkinnedMesh|THREE.Camera|THREE.Audio} object
-	 * @param {Object} params - (optional)
-	 * @param {THREE.AnimationClip|Array<THREE.AnimationClip>} params.animation - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh and THREE.Camera. Default is undefined.
-	 * @param {boolean} params.physics - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh. Default is true.
-	 * @param {Integer} params.warmup - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh and physics is true. Default is 60.
-	 * @param {Number} params.unitStep - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh and physics is true. Default is 1 / 65.
-	 * @param {Integer} params.maxStepNum - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh and physics is true. Default is 3.
-	 * @param {Vector3} params.gravity - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh and physics is true. Default ( 0, - 9.8 * 10, 0 ).
-	 * @param {Number} params.delayTime - Only for THREE.Audio. Default is 0.0.
-	 * @return {MMDAnimationHelper}
-	 */
-	add( object, params = {} ) {
-
-		if ( object.isSkinnedMesh ) {
-
-			this._addMesh( object, params );
-
-		} else if ( object.isCamera ) {
-
-			this._setupCamera( object, params );
-
-		} else if ( object.type === 'Audio' ) {
-
-			this._setupAudio( object, params );
-
-		} else {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper.add: '
-				+ 'accepts only '
-				+ 'THREE.SkinnedMesh or '
-				+ 'THREE.Camera or '
-				+ 'THREE.Audio instance.' );
-
-		}
-
-		if ( this.configuration.sync ) this._syncDuration();
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes an Three.js Object from helper.
-	 *
-	 * @param {THREE.SkinnedMesh|THREE.Camera|THREE.Audio} object
-	 * @return {MMDAnimationHelper}
-	 */
-	remove( object ) {
-
-		if ( object.isSkinnedMesh ) {
-
-			this._removeMesh( object );
-
-		} else if ( object.isCamera ) {
-
-			this._clearCamera( object );
-
-		} else if ( object.type === 'Audio' ) {
-
-			this._clearAudio( object );
-
-		} else {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper.remove: '
-				+ 'accepts only '
-				+ 'THREE.SkinnedMesh or '
-				+ 'THREE.Camera or '
-				+ 'THREE.Audio instance.' );
-
-		}
-
-		if ( this.configuration.sync ) this._syncDuration();
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Updates the animation.
-	 *
-	 * @param {Number} delta
-	 * @return {MMDAnimationHelper}
-	 */
-	update( delta ) {
-
-		if ( this.audioManager !== null ) this.audioManager.control( delta );
-
-		for ( let i = 0; i < this.meshes.length; i ++ ) {
-
-			this._animateMesh( this.meshes[ i ], delta );
-
-		}
-
-		if ( this.sharedPhysics ) this._updateSharedPhysics( delta );
-
-		if ( this.camera !== null ) this._animateCamera( this.camera, delta );
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Changes the pose of SkinnedMesh as VPD specifies.
-	 *
-	 * @param {THREE.SkinnedMesh} mesh
-	 * @param {Object} vpd - VPD content parsed MMDParser
-	 * @param {Object} params - (optional)
-	 * @param {boolean} params.resetPose - Default is true.
-	 * @param {boolean} params.ik - Default is true.
-	 * @param {boolean} params.grant - Default is true.
-	 * @return {MMDAnimationHelper}
-	 */
-	pose( mesh, vpd, params = {} ) {
-
-		if ( params.resetPose !== false ) mesh.pose();
-
-		const bones = mesh.skeleton.bones;
-		const boneParams = vpd.bones;
-
-		const boneNameDictionary = {};
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = bones.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			boneNameDictionary[ bones[ i ].name ] = i;
-
-		}
-
-		const vector = new Vector3();
-		const quaternion = new Quaternion();
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = boneParams.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const boneParam = boneParams[ i ];
-			const boneIndex = boneNameDictionary[ boneParam.name ];
-
-			if ( boneIndex === undefined ) continue;
-
-			const bone = bones[ boneIndex ];
-			bone.position.add( vector.fromArray( boneParam.translation ) );
-			bone.quaternion.multiply( quaternion.fromArray( boneParam.quaternion ) );
-
-		}
-
-		mesh.updateMatrixWorld( true );
-
-		// PMX animation system special path
-		if ( this.configuration.pmxAnimation &&
-			mesh.geometry.userData.MMD && mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.format === 'pmx' ) {
-
-			const sortedBonesData = this._sortBoneDataArray( mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.bones.slice() );
-			const ikSolver = params.ik !== false ? this._createCCDIKSolver( mesh ) : null;
-			const grantSolver = params.grant !== false ? this.createGrantSolver( mesh ) : null;
-			this._animatePMXMesh( mesh, sortedBonesData, ikSolver, grantSolver );
-
-		} else {
-
-			if ( params.ik !== false ) {
-
-				this._createCCDIKSolver( mesh ).update();
-
-			}
-
-			if ( params.grant !== false ) {
-
-				this.createGrantSolver( mesh ).update();
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Enabes/Disables an animation feature.
-	 *
-	 * @param {string} key
-	 * @param {boolean} enabled
-	 * @return {MMDAnimationHelper}
-	 */
-	enable( key, enabled ) {
-
-		if ( this.enabled[ key ] === undefined ) {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper.enable: '
-				+ 'unknown key ' + key );
-
-		}
-
-		this.enabled[ key ] = enabled;
-
-		if ( key === 'physics' ) {
-
-			for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-				this._optimizeIK( this.meshes[ i ], enabled );
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Creates an GrantSolver instance.
-	 *
-	 * @param {THREE.SkinnedMesh} mesh
-	 * @return {GrantSolver}
-	 */
-	createGrantSolver( mesh ) {
-
-		return new GrantSolver( mesh, mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.grants );
-
-	}
-
-	// private methods
-
-	_addMesh( mesh, params ) {
-
-		if ( this.meshes.indexOf( mesh ) >= 0 ) {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._addMesh: '
-				+ 'SkinnedMesh \'' + mesh.name + '\' has already been added.' );
-
-		}
-
-		this.meshes.push( mesh );
-		this.objects.set( mesh, { looped: false } );
-
-		this._setupMeshAnimation( mesh, params.animation );
-
-		if ( params.physics !== false ) {
-
-			this._setupMeshPhysics( mesh, params );
-
-		}
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	_setupCamera( camera, params ) {
-
-		if ( this.camera === camera ) {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._setupCamera: '
-				+ 'Camera \'' + camera.name + '\' has already been set.' );
-
-		}
-
-		if ( this.camera ) this.clearCamera( this.camera );
-
-		this.camera = camera;
-
-		camera.add( this.cameraTarget );
-
-		this.objects.set( camera, {} );
-
-		if ( params.animation !== undefined ) {
-
-			this._setupCameraAnimation( camera, params.animation );
-
-		}
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	_setupAudio( audio, params ) {
-
-		if ( this.audio === audio ) {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._setupAudio: '
-				+ 'Audio \'' + audio.name + '\' has already been set.' );
-
-		}
-
-		if ( this.audio ) this.clearAudio( this.audio );
-
-		this.audio = audio;
-		this.audioManager = new AudioManager( audio, params );
-
-		this.objects.set( this.audioManager, {
-			duration: this.audioManager.duration
-		} );
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	_removeMesh( mesh ) {
-
-		let found = false;
-		let writeIndex = 0;
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			if ( this.meshes[ i ] === mesh ) {
-
-				this.objects.delete( mesh );
-				found = true;
-
-				continue;
-
-			}
-
-			this.meshes[ writeIndex ++ ] = this.meshes[ i ];
-
-		}
-
-		if ( ! found ) {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._removeMesh: '
-				+ 'SkinnedMesh \'' + mesh.name + '\' has not been added yet.' );
-
-		}
-
-		this.meshes.length = writeIndex;
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	_clearCamera( camera ) {
-
-		if ( camera !== this.camera ) {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._clearCamera: '
-				+ 'Camera \'' + camera.name + '\' has not been set yet.' );
-
-		}
-
-		this.camera.remove( this.cameraTarget );
-
-		this.objects.delete( this.camera );
-		this.camera = null;
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	_clearAudio( audio ) {
-
-		if ( audio !== this.audio ) {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._clearAudio: '
-				+ 'Audio \'' + audio.name + '\' has not been set yet.' );
-
-		}
-
-		this.objects.delete( this.audioManager );
-
-		this.audio = null;
-		this.audioManager = null;
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	_setupMeshAnimation( mesh, animation ) {
-
-		const objects = this.objects.get( mesh );
-
-		if ( animation !== undefined ) {
-
-			const animations = Array.isArray( animation )
-				? animation : [ animation ];
-
-			objects.mixer = new AnimationMixer( mesh );
-
-			for ( let i = 0, il = animations.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-				objects.mixer.clipAction( animations[ i ] ).play();
-
-			}
-
-			// TODO: find a workaround not to access ._clip looking like a private property
-			objects.mixer.addEventListener( 'loop', function ( event ) {
-
-				const tracks = event.action._clip.tracks;
-
-				if ( tracks.length > 0 && tracks[ 0 ].name.slice( 0, 6 ) !== '.bones' ) return;
-
-				objects.looped = true;
-
-			} );
-
-		}
-
-		objects.ikSolver = this._createCCDIKSolver( mesh );
-		objects.grantSolver = this.createGrantSolver( mesh );
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	_setupCameraAnimation( camera, animation ) {
-
-		const animations = Array.isArray( animation )
-			? animation : [ animation ];
-
-		const objects = this.objects.get( camera );
-
-		objects.mixer = new AnimationMixer( camera );
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = animations.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			objects.mixer.clipAction( animations[ i ] ).play();
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	_setupMeshPhysics( mesh, params ) {
-
-		const objects = this.objects.get( mesh );
-
-		// shared physics is experimental
-
-		if ( params.world === undefined && this.sharedPhysics ) {
-
-			const masterPhysics = this._getMasterPhysics();
-
-			if ( masterPhysics !== null ) world = masterPhysics.world; // eslint-disable-line no-undef
-
-		}
-
-		objects.physics = this._createMMDPhysics( mesh, params );
-
-		if ( objects.mixer && params.animationWarmup !== false ) {
-
-			this._animateMesh( mesh, 0 );
-			objects.physics.reset();
-
-		}
-
-		objects.physics.warmup( params.warmup !== undefined ? params.warmup : 60 );
-
-		this._optimizeIK( mesh, true );
-
-	}
-
-	_animateMesh( mesh, delta ) {
-
-		const objects = this.objects.get( mesh );
-
-		const mixer = objects.mixer;
-		const ikSolver = objects.ikSolver;
-		const grantSolver = objects.grantSolver;
-		const physics = objects.physics;
-		const looped = objects.looped;
-
-		if ( mixer && this.enabled.animation ) {
-
-			// alternate solution to save/restore bones but less performant?
-			//mesh.pose();
-			//this._updatePropertyMixersBuffer( mesh );
-
-			this._restoreBones( mesh );
-
-			mixer.update( delta );
-
-			this._saveBones( mesh );
-
-			// PMX animation system special path
-			if ( this.configuration.pmxAnimation &&
-				mesh.geometry.userData.MMD && mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.format === 'pmx' ) {
-
-				if ( ! objects.sortedBonesData ) objects.sortedBonesData = this._sortBoneDataArray( mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.bones.slice() );
-
-				this._animatePMXMesh(
-					mesh,
-					objects.sortedBonesData,
-					ikSolver && this.enabled.ik ? ikSolver : null,
-					grantSolver && this.enabled.grant ? grantSolver : null
-				);
-
-			} else {
-
-				if ( ikSolver && this.enabled.ik ) {
-
-					mesh.updateMatrixWorld( true );
-					ikSolver.update();
-
-				}
-
-				if ( grantSolver && this.enabled.grant ) {
-
-					grantSolver.update();
-
-				}
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		if ( looped === true && this.enabled.physics ) {
-
-			if ( physics && this.configuration.resetPhysicsOnLoop ) physics.reset();
-
-			objects.looped = false;
-
-		}
-
-		if ( physics && this.enabled.physics && ! this.sharedPhysics ) {
-
-			this.onBeforePhysics( mesh );
-			physics.update( delta );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	// Sort bones in order by 1. transformationClass and 2. bone index.
-	// In PMX animation system, bone transformations should be processed
-	// in this order.
-	_sortBoneDataArray( boneDataArray ) {
-
-		return boneDataArray.sort( function ( a, b ) {
-
-			if ( a.transformationClass !== b.transformationClass ) {
-
-				return a.transformationClass - b.transformationClass;
-
-			} else {
-
-				return a.index - b.index;
-
-			}
-
-		} );
-
-	}
-
-	// PMX Animation system is a bit too complex and doesn't great match to
-	// Three.js Animation system. This method attempts to simulate it as much as
-	// possible but doesn't perfectly simulate.
-	// This method is more costly than the regular one so
-	// you are recommended to set constructor parameter "pmxAnimation: true"
-	// only if your PMX model animation doesn't work well.
-	// If you need better method you would be required to write your own.
-	_animatePMXMesh( mesh, sortedBonesData, ikSolver, grantSolver ) {
-
-		_quaternionIndex = 0;
-		_grantResultMap.clear();
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = sortedBonesData.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			updateOne( mesh, sortedBonesData[ i ].index, ikSolver, grantSolver );
-
-		}
-
-		mesh.updateMatrixWorld( true );
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	_animateCamera( camera, delta ) {
-
-		const mixer = this.objects.get( camera ).mixer;
-
-		if ( mixer && this.enabled.cameraAnimation ) {
-
-			mixer.update( delta );
-
-			camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
-
-			camera.up.set( 0, 1, 0 );
-			camera.up.applyQuaternion( camera.quaternion );
-			camera.lookAt( this.cameraTarget.position );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	_optimizeIK( mesh, physicsEnabled ) {
-
-		const iks = mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.iks;
-		const bones = mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.bones;
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = iks.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const ik = iks[ i ];
-			const links = ik.links;
-
-			for ( let j = 0, jl = links.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
-
-				const link = links[ j ];
-
-				if ( physicsEnabled === true ) {
-
-					// disable IK of the bone the corresponding rigidBody type of which is 1 or 2
-					// because its rotation will be overriden by physics
-					link.enabled = bones[ link.index ].rigidBodyType > 0 ? false : true;
-
-				} else {
-
-					link.enabled = true;
-
-				}
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	_createCCDIKSolver( mesh ) {
-
-		if ( CCDIKSolver === undefined ) {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper: Import CCDIKSolver.' );
-
-		}
-
-		return new CCDIKSolver( mesh, mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.iks );
-
-	}
-
-	_createMMDPhysics( mesh, params ) {
-
-		if ( MMDPhysics === undefined ) {
-
-			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDPhysics: Import MMDPhysics.' );
-
-		}
-
-		return new MMDPhysics(
-			mesh,
-			mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.rigidBodies,
-			mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.constraints,
-			params );
-
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Detects the longest duration and then sets it to them to sync.
-	 * TODO: Not to access private properties ( ._actions and ._clip )
-	 */
-	_syncDuration() {
-
-		let max = 0.0;
-
-		const objects = this.objects;
-		const meshes = this.meshes;
-		const camera = this.camera;
-		const audioManager = this.audioManager;
-
-		// get the longest duration
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const mixer = this.objects.get( meshes[ i ] ).mixer;
-
-			if ( mixer === undefined ) continue;
-
-			for ( let j = 0; j < mixer._actions.length; j ++ ) {
-
-				const clip = mixer._actions[ j ]._clip;
-
-				if ( ! objects.has( clip ) ) {
-
-					objects.set( clip, {
-						duration: clip.duration
-					} );
-
-				}
-
-				max = Math.max( max, objects.get( clip ).duration );
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		if ( camera !== null ) {
-
-			const mixer = this.objects.get( camera ).mixer;
-
-			if ( mixer !== undefined ) {
-
-				for ( let i = 0, il = mixer._actions.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-					const clip = mixer._actions[ i ]._clip;
-
-					if ( ! objects.has( clip ) ) {
-
-						objects.set( clip, {
-							duration: clip.duration
-						} );
-
-					}
-
-					max = Math.max( max, objects.get( clip ).duration );
-
-				}
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		if ( audioManager !== null ) {
-
-			max = Math.max( max, objects.get( audioManager ).duration );
-
-		}
-
-		max += this.configuration.afterglow;
-
-		// update the duration
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const mixer = this.objects.get( this.meshes[ i ] ).mixer;
-
-			if ( mixer === undefined ) continue;
-
-			for ( let j = 0, jl = mixer._actions.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
-
-				mixer._actions[ j ]._clip.duration = max;
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		if ( camera !== null ) {
-
-			const mixer = this.objects.get( camera ).mixer;
-
-			if ( mixer !== undefined ) {
-
-				for ( let i = 0, il = mixer._actions.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-					mixer._actions[ i ]._clip.duration = max;
-
-				}
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		if ( audioManager !== null ) {
-
-			audioManager.duration = max;
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	// workaround
-
-	_updatePropertyMixersBuffer( mesh ) {
-
-		const mixer = this.objects.get( mesh ).mixer;
-
-		const propertyMixers = mixer._bindings;
-		const accuIndex = mixer._accuIndex;
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = propertyMixers.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const propertyMixer = propertyMixers[ i ];
-			const buffer = propertyMixer.buffer;
-			const stride = propertyMixer.valueSize;
-			const offset = ( accuIndex + 1 ) * stride;
-
-			propertyMixer.binding.getValue( buffer, offset );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Avoiding these two issues by restore/save bones before/after mixer animation.
-	 *
-	 * 1. PropertyMixer used by AnimationMixer holds cache value in .buffer.
-	 *    Calculating IK, Grant, and Physics after mixer animation can break
-	 *    the cache coherency.
-	 *
-	 * 2. Applying Grant two or more times without reset the posing breaks model.
-	 */
-	_saveBones( mesh ) {
-
-		const objects = this.objects.get( mesh );
-
-		const bones = mesh.skeleton.bones;
-
-		let backupBones = objects.backupBones;
-
-		if ( backupBones === undefined ) {
-
-			backupBones = new Float32Array( bones.length * 7 );
-			objects.backupBones = backupBones;
-
-		}
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = bones.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const bone = bones[ i ];
-			bone.position.toArray( backupBones, i * 7 );
-			bone.quaternion.toArray( backupBones, i * 7 + 3 );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	_restoreBones( mesh ) {
-
-		const objects = this.objects.get( mesh );
-
-		const backupBones = objects.backupBones;
-
-		if ( backupBones === undefined ) return;
-
-		const bones = mesh.skeleton.bones;
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = bones.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const bone = bones[ i ];
-			bone.position.fromArray( backupBones, i * 7 );
-			bone.quaternion.fromArray( backupBones, i * 7 + 3 );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	// experimental
-
-	_getMasterPhysics() {
-
-		if ( this.masterPhysics !== null ) return this.masterPhysics;
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const physics = this.meshes[ i ].physics;
-
-			if ( physics !== undefined && physics !== null ) {
-
-				this.masterPhysics = physics;
-				return this.masterPhysics;
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		return null;
-
-	}
-
-	_updateSharedPhysics( delta ) {
-
-		if ( this.meshes.length === 0 || ! this.enabled.physics || ! this.sharedPhysics ) return;
-
-		const physics = this._getMasterPhysics();
-
-		if ( physics === null ) return;
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const p = this.meshes[ i ].physics;
-
-			if ( p !== null && p !== undefined ) {
-
-				p.updateRigidBodies();
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		physics.stepSimulation( delta );
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const p = this.meshes[ i ].physics;
-
-			if ( p !== null && p !== undefined ) {
-
-				p.updateBones();
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-// Keep working quaternions for less GC
-const _quaternions = [];
-let _quaternionIndex = 0;
-
-function getQuaternion() {
-
-	if ( _quaternionIndex >= _quaternions.length ) {
-
-		_quaternions.push( new Quaternion() );
-
-	}
-
-	return _quaternions[ _quaternionIndex ++ ];
-
-}
-
-// Save rotation whose grant and IK are already applied
-// used by grant children
-const _grantResultMap = new Map();
-
-function updateOne( mesh, boneIndex, ikSolver, grantSolver ) {
-
-	const bones = mesh.skeleton.bones;
-	const bonesData = mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.bones;
-	const boneData = bonesData[ boneIndex ];
-	const bone = bones[ boneIndex ];
-
-	// Return if already updated by being referred as a grant parent.
-	if ( _grantResultMap.has( boneIndex ) ) return;
-
-	const quaternion = getQuaternion();
-
-	// Initialize grant result here to prevent infinite loop.
-	// If it's referred before updating with actual result later
-	// result without applyting IK or grant is gotten
-	// but better than composing of infinite loop.
-	_grantResultMap.set( boneIndex, quaternion.copy( bone.quaternion ) );
-
-	// @TODO: Support global grant and grant position
-	if ( grantSolver && boneData.grant &&
-		! boneData.grant.isLocal && boneData.grant.affectRotation ) {
-
-		const parentIndex = boneData.grant.parentIndex;
-		const ratio = boneData.grant.ratio;
-
-		if ( ! _grantResultMap.has( parentIndex ) ) {
-
-			updateOne( mesh, parentIndex, ikSolver, grantSolver );
-
-		}
-
-		grantSolver.addGrantRotation( bone, _grantResultMap.get( parentIndex ), ratio );
-
-	}
-
-	if ( ikSolver && boneData.ik ) {
-
-		// @TODO: Updating world matrices every time solving an IK bone is
-		// costly. Optimize if possible.
-		mesh.updateMatrixWorld( true );
-		ikSolver.updateOne( boneData.ik );
-
-		// No confident, but it seems the grant results with ik links should be updated?
-		const links = boneData.ik.links;
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = links.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			const link = links[ i ];
-
-			if ( link.enabled === false ) continue;
-
-			const linkIndex = link.index;
-
-			if ( _grantResultMap.has( linkIndex ) ) {
-
-				_grantResultMap.set( linkIndex, _grantResultMap.get( linkIndex ).copy( bones[ linkIndex ].quaternion ) );
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	// Update with the actual result here
-	quaternion.copy( bone.quaternion );
-
-}
-
-//
-
-class AudioManager {
-
-	/**
-	 * @param {THREE.Audio} audio
-	 * @param {Object} params - (optional)
-	 * @param {Nuumber} params.delayTime
-	 */
-	constructor( audio, params = {} ) {
-
-		this.audio = audio;
-
-		this.elapsedTime = 0.0;
-		this.currentTime = 0.0;
-		this.delayTime = params.delayTime !== undefined
-			? params.delayTime : 0.0;
-
-		this.audioDuration = this.audio.buffer.duration;
-		this.duration = this.audioDuration + this.delayTime;
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @param {Number} delta
-	 * @return {AudioManager}
-	 */
-	control( delta ) {
-
-		this.elapsed += delta;
-		this.currentTime += delta;
-
-		if ( this._shouldStopAudio() ) this.audio.stop();
-		if ( this._shouldStartAudio() ) this.audio.play();
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	// private methods
-
-	_shouldStartAudio() {
-
-		if ( this.audio.isPlaying ) return false;
-
-		while ( this.currentTime >= this.duration ) {
-
-			this.currentTime -= this.duration;
-
-		}
-
-		if ( this.currentTime < this.delayTime ) return false;
-
-		// 'duration' can be bigger than 'audioDuration + delayTime' because of sync configuration
-		if ( ( this.currentTime - this.delayTime ) > this.audioDuration ) return false;
-
-		return true;
-
-	}
-
-	_shouldStopAudio() {
-
-		return this.audio.isPlaying &&
-			this.currentTime >= this.duration;
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-const _q = new Quaternion();
-
-/**
- * Solver for Grant (Fuyo in Japanese. I just google translated because
- * Fuyo may be MMD specific term and may not be common word in 3D CG terms.)
- * Grant propagates a bone's transform to other bones transforms even if
- * they are not children.
- * @param {THREE.SkinnedMesh} mesh
- * @param {Array<Object>} grants
- */
-class GrantSolver {
-
-	constructor( mesh, grants = [] ) {
-
-		this.mesh = mesh;
-		this.grants = grants;
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Solve all the grant bones
-	 * @return {GrantSolver}
-	 */
-	update() {
-
-		const grants = this.grants;
-
-		for ( let i = 0, il = grants.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
-
-			this.updateOne( grants[ i ] );
-
-		}
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Solve a grant bone
-	 * @param {Object} grant - grant parameter
-	 * @return {GrantSolver}
-	 */
-	updateOne( grant ) {
-
-		const bones = this.mesh.skeleton.bones;
-		const bone = bones[ grant.index ];
-		const parentBone = bones[ grant.parentIndex ];
-
-		if ( grant.isLocal ) {
-
-			// TODO: implement
-			if ( grant.affectPosition ) {
-
-			}
-
-			// TODO: implement
-			if ( grant.affectRotation ) {
-
-			}
-
-		} else {
-
-			// TODO: implement
-			if ( grant.affectPosition ) {
-
-			}
-
-			if ( grant.affectRotation ) {
-
-				this.addGrantRotation( bone, parentBone.quaternion, grant.ratio );
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-	addGrantRotation( bone, q, ratio ) {
-
-		_q.set( 0, 0, 0, 1 );
-		_q.slerp( q, ratio );
-		bone.quaternion.multiply( _q );
-
-		return this;
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-export { MMDAnimationHelper };
+import {
+	AnimationMixer,
+	Object3D,
+	Quaternion,
+	Vector3
+} from 'three';
+import { CCDIKSolver } from '../animation/CCDIKSolver.js';
+import { MMDPhysics } from '../animation/MMDPhysics.js';
+
+/**
+ * MMDAnimationHelper handles animation of MMD assets loaded by MMDLoader
+ * with MMD special features as IK, Grant, and Physics.
+ *
+ * Dependencies
+ *  - ammo.js https://github.com/kripken/ammo.js
+ *  - MMDPhysics
+ *  - CCDIKSolver
+ *
+ * TODO
+ *  - more precise grant skinning support.
+ */
+class MMDAnimationHelper {
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {Object} params - (optional)
+	 * @param {boolean} params.sync - Whether animation durations of added objects are synched. Default is true.
+	 * @param {Number} params.afterglow - Default is 0.0.
+	 * @param {boolean} params.resetPhysicsOnLoop - Default is true.
+	 */
+	constructor( params = {} ) {
+
+		this.meshes = [];
+
+		this.camera = null;
+		this.cameraTarget = new Object3D();
+		this.cameraTarget.name = 'target';
+
+		this.audio = null;
+		this.audioManager = null;
+
+		this.objects = new WeakMap();
+
+		this.configuration = {
+			sync: params.sync !== undefined ? params.sync : true,
+			afterglow: params.afterglow !== undefined ? params.afterglow : 0.0,
+			resetPhysicsOnLoop: params.resetPhysicsOnLoop !== undefined ? params.resetPhysicsOnLoop : true,
+			pmxAnimation: params.pmxAnimation !== undefined ? params.pmxAnimation : false
+		};
+
+		this.enabled = {
+			animation: true,
+			ik: true,
+			grant: true,
+			physics: true,
+			cameraAnimation: true
+		};
+
+		this.onBeforePhysics = function ( /* mesh */ ) {};
+
+		// experimental
+		this.sharedPhysics = false;
+		this.masterPhysics = null;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds an Three.js Object to helper and setups animation.
+	 * The anmation durations of added objects are synched
+	 * if this.configuration.sync is true.
+	 *
+	 * @param {THREE.SkinnedMesh|THREE.Camera|THREE.Audio} object
+	 * @param {Object} params - (optional)
+	 * @param {THREE.AnimationClip|Array<THREE.AnimationClip>} params.animation - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh and THREE.Camera. Default is undefined.
+	 * @param {boolean} params.physics - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh. Default is true.
+	 * @param {Integer} params.warmup - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh and physics is true. Default is 60.
+	 * @param {Number} params.unitStep - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh and physics is true. Default is 1 / 65.
+	 * @param {Integer} params.maxStepNum - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh and physics is true. Default is 3.
+	 * @param {Vector3} params.gravity - Only for THREE.SkinnedMesh and physics is true. Default ( 0, - 9.8 * 10, 0 ).
+	 * @param {Number} params.delayTime - Only for THREE.Audio. Default is 0.0.
+	 * @return {MMDAnimationHelper}
+	 */
+	add( object, params = {} ) {
+
+		if ( object.isSkinnedMesh ) {
+
+			this._addMesh( object, params );
+
+		} else if ( object.isCamera ) {
+
+			this._setupCamera( object, params );
+
+		} else if ( object.type === 'Audio' ) {
+
+			this._setupAudio( object, params );
+
+		} else {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper.add: '
+				+ 'accepts only '
+				+ 'THREE.SkinnedMesh or '
+				+ 'THREE.Camera or '
+				+ 'THREE.Audio instance.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( this.configuration.sync ) this._syncDuration();
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes an Three.js Object from helper.
+	 *
+	 * @param {THREE.SkinnedMesh|THREE.Camera|THREE.Audio} object
+	 * @return {MMDAnimationHelper}
+	 */
+	remove( object ) {
+
+		if ( object.isSkinnedMesh ) {
+
+			this._removeMesh( object );
+
+		} else if ( object.isCamera ) {
+
+			this._clearCamera( object );
+
+		} else if ( object.type === 'Audio' ) {
+
+			this._clearAudio( object );
+
+		} else {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper.remove: '
+				+ 'accepts only '
+				+ 'THREE.SkinnedMesh or '
+				+ 'THREE.Camera or '
+				+ 'THREE.Audio instance.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( this.configuration.sync ) this._syncDuration();
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the animation.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Number} delta
+	 * @return {MMDAnimationHelper}
+	 */
+	update( delta ) {
+
+		if ( this.audioManager !== null ) this.audioManager.control( delta );
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < this.meshes.length; i ++ ) {
+
+			this._animateMesh( this.meshes[ i ], delta );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( this.sharedPhysics ) this._updateSharedPhysics( delta );
+
+		if ( this.camera !== null ) this._animateCamera( this.camera, delta );
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Changes the pose of SkinnedMesh as VPD specifies.
+	 *
+	 * @param {THREE.SkinnedMesh} mesh
+	 * @param {Object} vpd - VPD content parsed MMDParser
+	 * @param {Object} params - (optional)
+	 * @param {boolean} params.resetPose - Default is true.
+	 * @param {boolean} params.ik - Default is true.
+	 * @param {boolean} params.grant - Default is true.
+	 * @return {MMDAnimationHelper}
+	 */
+	pose( mesh, vpd, params = {} ) {
+
+		if ( params.resetPose !== false ) mesh.pose();
+
+		const bones = mesh.skeleton.bones;
+		const boneParams = vpd.bones;
+
+		const boneNameDictionary = {};
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = bones.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			boneNameDictionary[ bones[ i ].name ] = i;
+
+		}
+
+		const vector = new Vector3();
+		const quaternion = new Quaternion();
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = boneParams.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const boneParam = boneParams[ i ];
+			const boneIndex = boneNameDictionary[ boneParam.name ];
+
+			if ( boneIndex === undefined ) continue;
+
+			const bone = bones[ boneIndex ];
+			bone.position.add( vector.fromArray( boneParam.translation ) );
+			bone.quaternion.multiply( quaternion.fromArray( boneParam.quaternion ) );
+
+		}
+
+		mesh.updateMatrixWorld( true );
+
+		// PMX animation system special path
+		if ( this.configuration.pmxAnimation &&
+			mesh.geometry.userData.MMD && mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.format === 'pmx' ) {
+
+			const sortedBonesData = this._sortBoneDataArray( mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.bones.slice() );
+			const ikSolver = params.ik !== false ? this._createCCDIKSolver( mesh ) : null;
+			const grantSolver = params.grant !== false ? this.createGrantSolver( mesh ) : null;
+			this._animatePMXMesh( mesh, sortedBonesData, ikSolver, grantSolver );
+
+		} else {
+
+			if ( params.ik !== false ) {
+
+				this._createCCDIKSolver( mesh ).update();
+
+			}
+
+			if ( params.grant !== false ) {
+
+				this.createGrantSolver( mesh ).update();
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Enabes/Disables an animation feature.
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} key
+	 * @param {boolean} enabled
+	 * @return {MMDAnimationHelper}
+	 */
+	enable( key, enabled ) {
+
+		if ( this.enabled[ key ] === undefined ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper.enable: '
+				+ 'unknown key ' + key );
+
+		}
+
+		this.enabled[ key ] = enabled;
+
+		if ( key === 'physics' ) {
+
+			for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+				this._optimizeIK( this.meshes[ i ], enabled );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates an GrantSolver instance.
+	 *
+	 * @param {THREE.SkinnedMesh} mesh
+	 * @return {GrantSolver}
+	 */
+	createGrantSolver( mesh ) {
+
+		return new GrantSolver( mesh, mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.grants );
+
+	}
+
+	// private methods
+
+	_addMesh( mesh, params ) {
+
+		if ( this.meshes.indexOf( mesh ) >= 0 ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._addMesh: '
+				+ 'SkinnedMesh \'' + mesh.name + '\' has already been added.' );
+
+		}
+
+		this.meshes.push( mesh );
+		this.objects.set( mesh, { looped: false } );
+
+		this._setupMeshAnimation( mesh, params.animation );
+
+		if ( params.physics !== false ) {
+
+			this._setupMeshPhysics( mesh, params );
+
+		}
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	_setupCamera( camera, params ) {
+
+		if ( this.camera === camera ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._setupCamera: '
+				+ 'Camera \'' + camera.name + '\' has already been set.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( this.camera ) this.clearCamera( this.camera );
+
+		this.camera = camera;
+
+		camera.add( this.cameraTarget );
+
+		this.objects.set( camera, {} );
+
+		if ( params.animation !== undefined ) {
+
+			this._setupCameraAnimation( camera, params.animation );
+
+		}
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	_setupAudio( audio, params ) {
+
+		if ( this.audio === audio ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._setupAudio: '
+				+ 'Audio \'' + audio.name + '\' has already been set.' );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( this.audio ) this.clearAudio( this.audio );
+
+		this.audio = audio;
+		this.audioManager = new AudioManager( audio, params );
+
+		this.objects.set( this.audioManager, {
+			duration: this.audioManager.duration
+		} );
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	_removeMesh( mesh ) {
+
+		let found = false;
+		let writeIndex = 0;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			if ( this.meshes[ i ] === mesh ) {
+
+				this.objects.delete( mesh );
+				found = true;
+
+				continue;
+
+			}
+
+			this.meshes[ writeIndex ++ ] = this.meshes[ i ];
+
+		}
+
+		if ( ! found ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._removeMesh: '
+				+ 'SkinnedMesh \'' + mesh.name + '\' has not been added yet.' );
+
+		}
+
+		this.meshes.length = writeIndex;
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	_clearCamera( camera ) {
+
+		if ( camera !== this.camera ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._clearCamera: '
+				+ 'Camera \'' + camera.name + '\' has not been set yet.' );
+
+		}
+
+		this.camera.remove( this.cameraTarget );
+
+		this.objects.delete( this.camera );
+		this.camera = null;
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	_clearAudio( audio ) {
+
+		if ( audio !== this.audio ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper._clearAudio: '
+				+ 'Audio \'' + audio.name + '\' has not been set yet.' );
+
+		}
+
+		this.objects.delete( this.audioManager );
+
+		this.audio = null;
+		this.audioManager = null;
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	_setupMeshAnimation( mesh, animation ) {
+
+		const objects = this.objects.get( mesh );
+
+		if ( animation !== undefined ) {
+
+			const animations = Array.isArray( animation )
+				? animation : [ animation ];
+
+			objects.mixer = new AnimationMixer( mesh );
+
+			for ( let i = 0, il = animations.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+				objects.mixer.clipAction( animations[ i ] ).play();
+
+			}
+
+			// TODO: find a workaround not to access ._clip looking like a private property
+			objects.mixer.addEventListener( 'loop', function ( event ) {
+
+				const tracks = event.action._clip.tracks;
+
+				if ( tracks.length > 0 && tracks[ 0 ].name.slice( 0, 6 ) !== '.bones' ) return;
+
+				objects.looped = true;
+
+			} );
+
+		}
+
+		objects.ikSolver = this._createCCDIKSolver( mesh );
+		objects.grantSolver = this.createGrantSolver( mesh );
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	_setupCameraAnimation( camera, animation ) {
+
+		const animations = Array.isArray( animation )
+			? animation : [ animation ];
+
+		const objects = this.objects.get( camera );
+
+		objects.mixer = new AnimationMixer( camera );
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = animations.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			objects.mixer.clipAction( animations[ i ] ).play();
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_setupMeshPhysics( mesh, params ) {
+
+		const objects = this.objects.get( mesh );
+
+		// shared physics is experimental
+
+		if ( params.world === undefined && this.sharedPhysics ) {
+
+			const masterPhysics = this._getMasterPhysics();
+
+			if ( masterPhysics !== null ) world = masterPhysics.world; // eslint-disable-line no-undef
+
+		}
+
+		objects.physics = this._createMMDPhysics( mesh, params );
+
+		if ( objects.mixer && params.animationWarmup !== false ) {
+
+			this._animateMesh( mesh, 0 );
+			objects.physics.reset();
+
+		}
+
+		objects.physics.warmup( params.warmup !== undefined ? params.warmup : 60 );
+
+		this._optimizeIK( mesh, true );
+
+	}
+
+	_animateMesh( mesh, delta ) {
+
+		const objects = this.objects.get( mesh );
+
+		const mixer = objects.mixer;
+		const ikSolver = objects.ikSolver;
+		const grantSolver = objects.grantSolver;
+		const physics = objects.physics;
+		const looped = objects.looped;
+
+		if ( mixer && this.enabled.animation ) {
+
+			// alternate solution to save/restore bones but less performant?
+			//mesh.pose();
+			//this._updatePropertyMixersBuffer( mesh );
+
+			this._restoreBones( mesh );
+
+			mixer.update( delta );
+
+			this._saveBones( mesh );
+
+			// PMX animation system special path
+			if ( this.configuration.pmxAnimation &&
+				mesh.geometry.userData.MMD && mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.format === 'pmx' ) {
+
+				if ( ! objects.sortedBonesData ) objects.sortedBonesData = this._sortBoneDataArray( mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.bones.slice() );
+
+				this._animatePMXMesh(
+					mesh,
+					objects.sortedBonesData,
+					ikSolver && this.enabled.ik ? ikSolver : null,
+					grantSolver && this.enabled.grant ? grantSolver : null
+				);
+
+			} else {
+
+				if ( ikSolver && this.enabled.ik ) {
+
+					mesh.updateMatrixWorld( true );
+					ikSolver.update();
+
+				}
+
+				if ( grantSolver && this.enabled.grant ) {
+
+					grantSolver.update();
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		if ( looped === true && this.enabled.physics ) {
+
+			if ( physics && this.configuration.resetPhysicsOnLoop ) physics.reset();
+
+			objects.looped = false;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( physics && this.enabled.physics && ! this.sharedPhysics ) {
+
+			this.onBeforePhysics( mesh );
+			physics.update( delta );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	// Sort bones in order by 1. transformationClass and 2. bone index.
+	// In PMX animation system, bone transformations should be processed
+	// in this order.
+	_sortBoneDataArray( boneDataArray ) {
+
+		return boneDataArray.sort( function ( a, b ) {
+
+			if ( a.transformationClass !== b.transformationClass ) {
+
+				return a.transformationClass - b.transformationClass;
+
+			} else {
+
+				return a.index - b.index;
+
+			}
+
+		} );
+
+	}
+
+	// PMX Animation system is a bit too complex and doesn't great match to
+	// Three.js Animation system. This method attempts to simulate it as much as
+	// possible but doesn't perfectly simulate.
+	// This method is more costly than the regular one so
+	// you are recommended to set constructor parameter "pmxAnimation: true"
+	// only if your PMX model animation doesn't work well.
+	// If you need better method you would be required to write your own.
+	_animatePMXMesh( mesh, sortedBonesData, ikSolver, grantSolver ) {
+
+		_quaternionIndex = 0;
+		_grantResultMap.clear();
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = sortedBonesData.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			updateOne( mesh, sortedBonesData[ i ].index, ikSolver, grantSolver );
+
+		}
+
+		mesh.updateMatrixWorld( true );
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	_animateCamera( camera, delta ) {
+
+		const mixer = this.objects.get( camera ).mixer;
+
+		if ( mixer && this.enabled.cameraAnimation ) {
+
+			mixer.update( delta );
+
+			camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
+
+			camera.up.set( 0, 1, 0 );
+			camera.up.applyQuaternion( camera.quaternion );
+			camera.lookAt( this.cameraTarget.position );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_optimizeIK( mesh, physicsEnabled ) {
+
+		const iks = mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.iks;
+		const bones = mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.bones;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = iks.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const ik = iks[ i ];
+			const links = ik.links;
+
+			for ( let j = 0, jl = links.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
+
+				const link = links[ j ];
+
+				if ( physicsEnabled === true ) {
+
+					// disable IK of the bone the corresponding rigidBody type of which is 1 or 2
+					// because its rotation will be overriden by physics
+					link.enabled = bones[ link.index ].rigidBodyType > 0 ? false : true;
+
+				} else {
+
+					link.enabled = true;
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_createCCDIKSolver( mesh ) {
+
+		if ( CCDIKSolver === undefined ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDAnimationHelper: Import CCDIKSolver.' );
+
+		}
+
+		return new CCDIKSolver( mesh, mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.iks );
+
+	}
+
+	_createMMDPhysics( mesh, params ) {
+
+		if ( MMDPhysics === undefined ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.MMDPhysics: Import MMDPhysics.' );
+
+		}
+
+		return new MMDPhysics(
+			mesh,
+			mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.rigidBodies,
+			mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.constraints,
+			params );
+
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Detects the longest duration and then sets it to them to sync.
+	 * TODO: Not to access private properties ( ._actions and ._clip )
+	 */
+	_syncDuration() {
+
+		let max = 0.0;
+
+		const objects = this.objects;
+		const meshes = this.meshes;
+		const camera = this.camera;
+		const audioManager = this.audioManager;
+
+		// get the longest duration
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const mixer = this.objects.get( meshes[ i ] ).mixer;
+
+			if ( mixer === undefined ) continue;
+
+			for ( let j = 0; j < mixer._actions.length; j ++ ) {
+
+				const clip = mixer._actions[ j ]._clip;
+
+				if ( ! objects.has( clip ) ) {
+
+					objects.set( clip, {
+						duration: clip.duration
+					} );
+
+				}
+
+				max = Math.max( max, objects.get( clip ).duration );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		if ( camera !== null ) {
+
+			const mixer = this.objects.get( camera ).mixer;
+
+			if ( mixer !== undefined ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0, il = mixer._actions.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+					const clip = mixer._actions[ i ]._clip;
+
+					if ( ! objects.has( clip ) ) {
+
+						objects.set( clip, {
+							duration: clip.duration
+						} );
+
+					}
+
+					max = Math.max( max, objects.get( clip ).duration );
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		if ( audioManager !== null ) {
+
+			max = Math.max( max, objects.get( audioManager ).duration );
+
+		}
+
+		max += this.configuration.afterglow;
+
+		// update the duration
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const mixer = this.objects.get( this.meshes[ i ] ).mixer;
+
+			if ( mixer === undefined ) continue;
+
+			for ( let j = 0, jl = mixer._actions.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {
+
+				mixer._actions[ j ]._clip.duration = max;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		if ( camera !== null ) {
+
+			const mixer = this.objects.get( camera ).mixer;
+
+			if ( mixer !== undefined ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0, il = mixer._actions.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+					mixer._actions[ i ]._clip.duration = max;
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		if ( audioManager !== null ) {
+
+			audioManager.duration = max;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	// workaround
+
+	_updatePropertyMixersBuffer( mesh ) {
+
+		const mixer = this.objects.get( mesh ).mixer;
+
+		const propertyMixers = mixer._bindings;
+		const accuIndex = mixer._accuIndex;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = propertyMixers.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const propertyMixer = propertyMixers[ i ];
+			const buffer = propertyMixer.buffer;
+			const stride = propertyMixer.valueSize;
+			const offset = ( accuIndex + 1 ) * stride;
+
+			propertyMixer.binding.getValue( buffer, offset );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Avoiding these two issues by restore/save bones before/after mixer animation.
+	 *
+	 * 1. PropertyMixer used by AnimationMixer holds cache value in .buffer.
+	 *    Calculating IK, Grant, and Physics after mixer animation can break
+	 *    the cache coherency.
+	 *
+	 * 2. Applying Grant two or more times without reset the posing breaks model.
+	 */
+	_saveBones( mesh ) {
+
+		const objects = this.objects.get( mesh );
+
+		const bones = mesh.skeleton.bones;
+
+		let backupBones = objects.backupBones;
+
+		if ( backupBones === undefined ) {
+
+			backupBones = new Float32Array( bones.length * 7 );
+			objects.backupBones = backupBones;
+
+		}
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = bones.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const bone = bones[ i ];
+			bone.position.toArray( backupBones, i * 7 );
+			bone.quaternion.toArray( backupBones, i * 7 + 3 );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	_restoreBones( mesh ) {
+
+		const objects = this.objects.get( mesh );
+
+		const backupBones = objects.backupBones;
+
+		if ( backupBones === undefined ) return;
+
+		const bones = mesh.skeleton.bones;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = bones.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const bone = bones[ i ];
+			bone.position.fromArray( backupBones, i * 7 );
+			bone.quaternion.fromArray( backupBones, i * 7 + 3 );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	// experimental
+
+	_getMasterPhysics() {
+
+		if ( this.masterPhysics !== null ) return this.masterPhysics;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const physics = this.meshes[ i ].physics;
+
+			if ( physics !== undefined && physics !== null ) {
+
+				this.masterPhysics = physics;
+				return this.masterPhysics;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return null;
+
+	}
+
+	_updateSharedPhysics( delta ) {
+
+		if ( this.meshes.length === 0 || ! this.enabled.physics || ! this.sharedPhysics ) return;
+
+		const physics = this._getMasterPhysics();
+
+		if ( physics === null ) return;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const p = this.meshes[ i ].physics;
+
+			if ( p !== null && p !== undefined ) {
+
+				p.updateRigidBodies();
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		physics.stepSimulation( delta );
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = this.meshes.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const p = this.meshes[ i ].physics;
+
+			if ( p !== null && p !== undefined ) {
+
+				p.updateBones();
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+// Keep working quaternions for less GC
+const _quaternions = [];
+let _quaternionIndex = 0;
+
+function getQuaternion() {
+
+	if ( _quaternionIndex >= _quaternions.length ) {
+
+		_quaternions.push( new Quaternion() );
+
+	}
+
+	return _quaternions[ _quaternionIndex ++ ];
+
+}
+
+// Save rotation whose grant and IK are already applied
+// used by grant children
+const _grantResultMap = new Map();
+
+function updateOne( mesh, boneIndex, ikSolver, grantSolver ) {
+
+	const bones = mesh.skeleton.bones;
+	const bonesData = mesh.geometry.userData.MMD.bones;
+	const boneData = bonesData[ boneIndex ];
+	const bone = bones[ boneIndex ];
+
+	// Return if already updated by being referred as a grant parent.
+	if ( _grantResultMap.has( boneIndex ) ) return;
+
+	const quaternion = getQuaternion();
+
+	// Initialize grant result here to prevent infinite loop.
+	// If it's referred before updating with actual result later
+	// result without applyting IK or grant is gotten
+	// but better than composing of infinite loop.
+	_grantResultMap.set( boneIndex, quaternion.copy( bone.quaternion ) );
+
+	// @TODO: Support global grant and grant position
+	if ( grantSolver && boneData.grant &&
+		! boneData.grant.isLocal && boneData.grant.affectRotation ) {
+
+		const parentIndex = boneData.grant.parentIndex;
+		const ratio = boneData.grant.ratio;
+
+		if ( ! _grantResultMap.has( parentIndex ) ) {
+
+			updateOne( mesh, parentIndex, ikSolver, grantSolver );
+
+		}
+
+		grantSolver.addGrantRotation( bone, _grantResultMap.get( parentIndex ), ratio );
+
+	}
+
+	if ( ikSolver && boneData.ik ) {
+
+		// @TODO: Updating world matrices every time solving an IK bone is
+		// costly. Optimize if possible.
+		mesh.updateMatrixWorld( true );
+		ikSolver.updateOne( boneData.ik );
+
+		// No confident, but it seems the grant results with ik links should be updated?
+		const links = boneData.ik.links;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = links.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			const link = links[ i ];
+
+			if ( link.enabled === false ) continue;
+
+			const linkIndex = link.index;
+
+			if ( _grantResultMap.has( linkIndex ) ) {
+
+				_grantResultMap.set( linkIndex, _grantResultMap.get( linkIndex ).copy( bones[ linkIndex ].quaternion ) );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	// Update with the actual result here
+	quaternion.copy( bone.quaternion );
+
+}
+
+//
+
+class AudioManager {
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {THREE.Audio} audio
+	 * @param {Object} params - (optional)
+	 * @param {Nuumber} params.delayTime
+	 */
+	constructor( audio, params = {} ) {
+
+		this.audio = audio;
+
+		this.elapsedTime = 0.0;
+		this.currentTime = 0.0;
+		this.delayTime = params.delayTime !== undefined
+			? params.delayTime : 0.0;
+
+		this.audioDuration = this.audio.buffer.duration;
+		this.duration = this.audioDuration + this.delayTime;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {Number} delta
+	 * @return {AudioManager}
+	 */
+	control( delta ) {
+
+		this.elapsed += delta;
+		this.currentTime += delta;
+
+		if ( this._shouldStopAudio() ) this.audio.stop();
+		if ( this._shouldStartAudio() ) this.audio.play();
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	// private methods
+
+	_shouldStartAudio() {
+
+		if ( this.audio.isPlaying ) return false;
+
+		while ( this.currentTime >= this.duration ) {
+
+			this.currentTime -= this.duration;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( this.currentTime < this.delayTime ) return false;
+
+		// 'duration' can be bigger than 'audioDuration + delayTime' because of sync configuration
+		if ( ( this.currentTime - this.delayTime ) > this.audioDuration ) return false;
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	_shouldStopAudio() {
+
+		return this.audio.isPlaying &&
+			this.currentTime >= this.duration;
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+const _q = new Quaternion();
+
+/**
+ * Solver for Grant (Fuyo in Japanese. I just google translated because
+ * Fuyo may be MMD specific term and may not be common word in 3D CG terms.)
+ * Grant propagates a bone's transform to other bones transforms even if
+ * they are not children.
+ * @param {THREE.SkinnedMesh} mesh
+ * @param {Array<Object>} grants
+ */
+class GrantSolver {
+
+	constructor( mesh, grants = [] ) {
+
+		this.mesh = mesh;
+		this.grants = grants;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Solve all the grant bones
+	 * @return {GrantSolver}
+	 */
+	update() {
+
+		const grants = this.grants;
+
+		for ( let i = 0, il = grants.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+			this.updateOne( grants[ i ] );
+
+		}
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Solve a grant bone
+	 * @param {Object} grant - grant parameter
+	 * @return {GrantSolver}
+	 */
+	updateOne( grant ) {
+
+		const bones = this.mesh.skeleton.bones;
+		const bone = bones[ grant.index ];
+		const parentBone = bones[ grant.parentIndex ];
+
+		if ( grant.isLocal ) {
+
+			// TODO: implement
+			if ( grant.affectPosition ) {
+
+			}
+
+			// TODO: implement
+			if ( grant.affectRotation ) {
+
+			}
+
+		} else {
+
+			// TODO: implement
+			if ( grant.affectPosition ) {
+
+			}
+
+			if ( grant.affectRotation ) {
+
+				this.addGrantRotation( bone, parentBone.quaternion, grant.ratio );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+	addGrantRotation( bone, q, ratio ) {
+
+		_q.set( 0, 0, 0, 1 );
+		_q.slerp( q, ratio );
+		bone.quaternion.multiply( _q );
+
+		return this;
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+export { MMDAnimationHelper };