wasmtime 24.0.0 → 25.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-cache-25.0.0/src/worker.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,890 @@
+//! Background worker that watches over the cache.
+//!
+//! It cleans up old cache, updates statistics and optimizes the cache.
+//! We allow losing some messages (it doesn't hurt) and some races,
+//! but we guarantee eventual consistency and fault tolerancy.
+//! Background tasks can be CPU intensive, but the worker thread has low priority.
+
+use super::{fs_write_atomic, CacheConfig};
+use log::{debug, info, trace, warn};
+use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::cmp;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::sync::mpsc::{sync_channel, Receiver, SyncSender};
+#[cfg(test)]
+use std::sync::{Arc, Condvar, Mutex};
+use std::thread;
+use std::time::Duration;
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+use std::time::SystemTime;
+#[cfg(test)]
+use tests::system_time_stub::SystemTimeStub as SystemTime;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(super) struct Worker {
+    sender: SyncSender<CacheEvent>,
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    stats: Arc<(Mutex<WorkerStats>, Condvar)>,
+}
+
+struct WorkerThread {
+    receiver: Receiver<CacheEvent>,
+    cache_config: CacheConfig,
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    stats: Arc<(Mutex<WorkerStats>, Condvar)>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct WorkerStats {
+    dropped: u32,
+    sent: u32,
+    handled: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+enum CacheEvent {
+    OnCacheGet(PathBuf),
+    OnCacheUpdate(PathBuf),
+}
+
+impl Worker {
+    pub(super) fn start_new(cache_config: &CacheConfig) -> Self {
+        let queue_size = match cache_config.worker_event_queue_size() {
+            num if num <= usize::max_value() as u64 => num as usize,
+            _ => usize::max_value(),
+        };
+        let (tx, rx) = sync_channel(queue_size);
+
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        let stats = Arc::new((Mutex::new(WorkerStats::default()), Condvar::new()));
+
+        let worker_thread = WorkerThread {
+            receiver: rx,
+            cache_config: cache_config.clone(),
+            #[cfg(test)]
+            stats: stats.clone(),
+        };
+
+        // when self is dropped, sender will be dropped, what will cause the channel
+        // to hang, and the worker thread to exit -- it happens in the tests
+        // non-tests binary has only a static worker, so Rust doesn't drop it
+        thread::spawn(move || worker_thread.run());
+
+        Self {
+            sender: tx,
+            #[cfg(test)]
+            stats,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn on_cache_get_async(&self, path: impl AsRef<Path>) {
+        let event = CacheEvent::OnCacheGet(path.as_ref().to_path_buf());
+        self.send_cache_event(event);
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn on_cache_update_async(&self, path: impl AsRef<Path>) {
+        let event = CacheEvent::OnCacheUpdate(path.as_ref().to_path_buf());
+        self.send_cache_event(event);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_cache_event(&self, event: CacheEvent) {
+        let sent_event = self.sender.try_send(event.clone());
+
+        if let Err(ref err) = sent_event {
+            info!(
+                "Failed to send asynchronously message to worker thread, \
+                 event: {:?}, error: {}",
+                event, err
+            );
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        {
+            let mut stats = self
+                .stats
+                .0
+                .lock()
+                .expect("Failed to acquire worker stats lock");
+
+            if sent_event.is_ok() {
+                stats.sent += 1;
+            } else {
+                stats.dropped += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(super) fn events_dropped(&self) -> u32 {
+        let stats = self
+            .stats
+            .0
+            .lock()
+            .expect("Failed to acquire worker stats lock");
+        stats.dropped
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(super) fn wait_for_all_events_handled(&self) {
+        let (stats, condvar) = &*self.stats;
+        let mut stats = stats.lock().expect("Failed to acquire worker stats lock");
+        while stats.handled != stats.sent {
+            stats = condvar
+                .wait(stats)
+                .expect("Failed to reacquire worker stats lock");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Worker {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Worker").finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct ModuleCacheStatistics {
+    pub usages: u64,
+    #[serde(rename = "optimized-compression")]
+    pub compression_level: i32,
+}
+
+impl ModuleCacheStatistics {
+    fn default(cache_config: &CacheConfig) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            usages: 0,
+            compression_level: cache_config.baseline_compression_level(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+enum CacheEntry {
+    Recognized {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        mtime: SystemTime,
+        size: u64,
+    },
+    Unrecognized {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        is_dir: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+macro_rules! unwrap_or_warn {
+    ($result:expr, $cont:stmt, $err_msg:expr, $path:expr) => {
+        match $result {
+            Ok(val) => val,
+            Err(err) => {
+                warn!("{}, path: {}, msg: {}", $err_msg, $path.display(), err);
+                $cont
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+impl WorkerThread {
+    fn run(self) {
+        debug!("Cache worker thread started.");
+
+        Self::lower_thread_priority();
+
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        let (stats, condvar) = &*self.stats;
+
+        for event in self.receiver.iter() {
+            match event {
+                CacheEvent::OnCacheGet(path) => self.handle_on_cache_get(path),
+                CacheEvent::OnCacheUpdate(path) => self.handle_on_cache_update(path),
+            }
+
+            #[cfg(test)]
+            {
+                let mut stats = stats.lock().expect("Failed to acquire worker stats lock");
+                stats.handled += 1;
+                condvar.notify_all();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "fuchsia")]
+    fn lower_thread_priority() {
+        // TODO This needs to use Fuchsia thread profiles
+        // https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/reference/kernel_objects/profile
+        warn!(
+            "Lowering thread priority on Fuchsia is currently a noop. It might affect application performance."
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    fn lower_thread_priority() {
+        use windows_sys::Win32::System::Threading::*;
+
+        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-setthreadpriority
+        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/procthread/scheduling-priorities
+
+        if unsafe {
+            SetThreadPriority(
+                GetCurrentThread(),
+                THREAD_MODE_BACKGROUND_BEGIN.try_into().unwrap(),
+            )
+        } == 0
+        {
+            warn!(
+                "Failed to lower worker thread priority. It might affect application performance."
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "windows", target_os = "fuchsia")))]
+    fn lower_thread_priority() {
+        // http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/sched.7.html
+
+        const NICE_DELTA_FOR_BACKGROUND_TASKS: i32 = 3;
+
+        match rustix::process::nice(NICE_DELTA_FOR_BACKGROUND_TASKS) {
+            Ok(current_nice) => {
+                debug!("New nice value of worker thread: {}", current_nice);
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                warn!(
+                    "Failed to lower worker thread priority ({:?}). It might affect application performance.", err);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Increases the usage counter and recompresses the file
+    /// if the usage counter reached configurable threshold.
+    fn handle_on_cache_get(&self, path: PathBuf) {
+        trace!("handle_on_cache_get() for path: {}", path.display());
+
+        // construct .stats file path
+        let filename = path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
+        let stats_path = path.with_file_name(format!("{filename}.stats"));
+
+        // load .stats file (default if none or error)
+        let mut stats = read_stats_file(stats_path.as_ref())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| ModuleCacheStatistics::default(&self.cache_config));
+
+        // step 1: update the usage counter & write to the disk
+        //         it's racy, but it's fine (the counter will be just smaller,
+        //         sometimes will retrigger recompression)
+        stats.usages += 1;
+        if !write_stats_file(stats_path.as_ref(), &stats) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // step 2: recompress if there's a need
+        let opt_compr_lvl = self.cache_config.optimized_compression_level();
+        if stats.compression_level >= opt_compr_lvl
+            || stats.usages
+                < self
+                    .cache_config
+                    .optimized_compression_usage_counter_threshold()
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let lock_path = if let Some(p) = acquire_task_fs_lock(
+            path.as_ref(),
+            self.cache_config.optimizing_compression_task_timeout(),
+            self.cache_config
+                .allowed_clock_drift_for_files_from_future(),
+        ) {
+            p
+        } else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        trace!("Trying to recompress file: {}", path.display());
+
+        // recompress, write to other file, rename (it's atomic file content exchange)
+        // and update the stats file
+        let compressed_cache_bytes = unwrap_or_warn!(
+            fs::read(&path),
+            return,
+            "Failed to read old cache file",
+            path
+        );
+
+        let cache_bytes = unwrap_or_warn!(
+            zstd::decode_all(&compressed_cache_bytes[..]),
+            return,
+            "Failed to decompress cached code",
+            path
+        );
+
+        let recompressed_cache_bytes = unwrap_or_warn!(
+            zstd::encode_all(&cache_bytes[..], opt_compr_lvl),
+            return,
+            "Failed to compress cached code",
+            path
+        );
+
+        unwrap_or_warn!(
+            fs::write(&lock_path, &recompressed_cache_bytes),
+            return,
+            "Failed to write recompressed cache",
+            lock_path
+        );
+
+        unwrap_or_warn!(
+            fs::rename(&lock_path, &path),
+            {
+                if let Err(error) = fs::remove_file(&lock_path) {
+                    warn!(
+                        "Failed to clean up (remove) recompressed cache, path {}, err: {}",
+                        lock_path.display(),
+                        error
+                    );
+                }
+
+                return;
+            },
+            "Failed to rename recompressed cache",
+            lock_path
+        );
+
+        // update stats file (reload it! recompression can take some time)
+        if let Some(mut new_stats) = read_stats_file(stats_path.as_ref()) {
+            if new_stats.compression_level >= opt_compr_lvl {
+                // Rare race:
+                //    two instances with different opt_compr_lvl: we don't know in which order they updated
+                //    the cache file and the stats file (they are not updated together atomically)
+                // Possible solution is to use directories per cache entry, but it complicates the system
+                // and is not worth it.
+                debug!(
+                    "DETECTED task did more than once (or race with new file): \
+                     recompression of {}. Note: if optimized compression level setting \
+                     has changed in the meantine, the stats file might contain \
+                     inconsistent compression level due to race.",
+                    path.display()
+                );
+            } else {
+                new_stats.compression_level = opt_compr_lvl;
+                let _ = write_stats_file(stats_path.as_ref(), &new_stats);
+            }
+
+            if new_stats.usages < stats.usages {
+                debug!(
+                    "DETECTED lower usage count (new file or race with counter \
+                     increasing): file {}",
+                    path.display()
+                );
+            }
+        } else {
+            debug!(
+                "Can't read stats file again to update compression level (it might got \
+                 cleaned up): file {}",
+                stats_path.display()
+            );
+        }
+
+        trace!("Task finished: recompress file: {}", path.display());
+    }
+
+    fn handle_on_cache_update(&self, path: PathBuf) {
+        trace!("handle_on_cache_update() for path: {}", path.display());
+
+        // ---------------------- step 1: create .stats file
+
+        // construct .stats file path
+        let filename = path
+            .file_name()
+            .expect("Expected valid cache file name")
+            .to_str()
+            .expect("Expected valid cache file name");
+        let stats_path = path.with_file_name(format!("{filename}.stats"));
+
+        // create and write stats file
+        let mut stats = ModuleCacheStatistics::default(&self.cache_config);
+        stats.usages += 1;
+        write_stats_file(&stats_path, &stats);
+
+        // ---------------------- step 2: perform cleanup task if needed
+
+        // acquire lock for cleanup task
+        // Lock is a proof of recent cleanup task, so we don't want to delete them.
+        // Expired locks will be deleted by the cleanup task.
+        let cleanup_file = self.cache_config.directory().join(".cleanup"); // some non existing marker file
+        if acquire_task_fs_lock(
+            &cleanup_file,
+            self.cache_config.cleanup_interval(),
+            self.cache_config
+                .allowed_clock_drift_for_files_from_future(),
+        )
+        .is_none()
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        trace!("Trying to clean up cache");
+
+        let mut cache_index = self.list_cache_contents();
+        let future_tolerance = SystemTime::now()
+            .checked_add(
+                self.cache_config
+                    .allowed_clock_drift_for_files_from_future(),
+            )
+            .expect("Brace your cache, the next Big Bang is coming (time overflow)");
+        cache_index.sort_unstable_by(|lhs, rhs| {
+            // sort by age
+            use CacheEntry::*;
+            match (lhs, rhs) {
+                (Recognized { mtime: lhs_mt, .. }, Recognized { mtime: rhs_mt, .. }) => {
+                    match (*lhs_mt > future_tolerance, *rhs_mt > future_tolerance) {
+                        // later == younger
+                        (false, false) => rhs_mt.cmp(lhs_mt),
+                        // files from far future are treated as oldest recognized files
+                        // we want to delete them, so the cache keeps track of recent files
+                        // however, we don't delete them uncodintionally,
+                        // because .stats file can be overwritten with a meaningful mtime
+                        (true, false) => cmp::Ordering::Greater,
+                        (false, true) => cmp::Ordering::Less,
+                        (true, true) => cmp::Ordering::Equal,
+                    }
+                }
+                // unrecognized is kind of infinity
+                (Recognized { .. }, Unrecognized { .. }) => cmp::Ordering::Less,
+                (Unrecognized { .. }, Recognized { .. }) => cmp::Ordering::Greater,
+                (Unrecognized { .. }, Unrecognized { .. }) => cmp::Ordering::Equal,
+            }
+        });
+
+        // find "cut" boundary:
+        // - remove unrecognized files anyway,
+        // - remove some cache files if some quota has been exceeded
+        let mut total_size = 0u64;
+        let mut start_delete_idx = None;
+        let mut start_delete_idx_if_deleting_recognized_items: Option<usize> = None;
+
+        let total_size_limit = self.cache_config.files_total_size_soft_limit();
+        let file_count_limit = self.cache_config.file_count_soft_limit();
+        let tsl_if_deleting = total_size_limit
+            .checked_mul(
+                self.cache_config
+                    .files_total_size_limit_percent_if_deleting() as u64,
+            )
+            .unwrap()
+            / 100;
+        let fcl_if_deleting = file_count_limit
+            .checked_mul(self.cache_config.file_count_limit_percent_if_deleting() as u64)
+            .unwrap()
+            / 100;
+
+        for (idx, item) in cache_index.iter().enumerate() {
+            let size = if let CacheEntry::Recognized { size, .. } = item {
+                size
+            } else {
+                start_delete_idx = Some(idx);
+                break;
+            };
+
+            total_size += size;
+            if start_delete_idx_if_deleting_recognized_items.is_none()
+                && (total_size > tsl_if_deleting || (idx + 1) as u64 > fcl_if_deleting)
+            {
+                start_delete_idx_if_deleting_recognized_items = Some(idx);
+            }
+
+            if total_size > total_size_limit || (idx + 1) as u64 > file_count_limit {
+                start_delete_idx = start_delete_idx_if_deleting_recognized_items;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(idx) = start_delete_idx {
+            for item in &cache_index[idx..] {
+                let (result, path, entity) = match item {
+                    CacheEntry::Recognized { path, .. }
+                    | CacheEntry::Unrecognized {
+                        path,
+                        is_dir: false,
+                    } => (fs::remove_file(path), path, "file"),
+                    CacheEntry::Unrecognized { path, is_dir: true } => {
+                        (fs::remove_dir_all(path), path, "directory")
+                    }
+                };
+                if let Err(err) = result {
+                    warn!(
+                        "Failed to remove {} during cleanup, path: {}, err: {}",
+                        entity,
+                        path.display(),
+                        err
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        trace!("Task finished: clean up cache");
+    }
+
+    // Be fault tolerant: list as much as you can, and ignore the rest
+    fn list_cache_contents(&self) -> Vec<CacheEntry> {
+        fn enter_dir(
+            vec: &mut Vec<CacheEntry>,
+            dir_path: &Path,
+            level: u8,
+            cache_config: &CacheConfig,
+        ) {
+            macro_rules! add_unrecognized {
+                (file: $path:expr) => {
+                    add_unrecognized!(false, $path)
+                };
+                (dir: $path:expr) => {
+                    add_unrecognized!(true, $path)
+                };
+                ($is_dir:expr, $path:expr) => {
+                    vec.push(CacheEntry::Unrecognized {
+                        path: $path.to_path_buf(),
+                        is_dir: $is_dir,
+                    })
+                };
+            }
+            macro_rules! add_unrecognized_and {
+                ([ $( $ty:ident: $path:expr ),* ], $cont:stmt) => {{
+                    $( add_unrecognized!($ty: $path); )*
+                        $cont
+                }};
+            }
+
+            macro_rules! unwrap_or {
+                ($result:expr, $cont:stmt, $err_msg:expr) => {
+                    unwrap_or!($result, $cont, $err_msg, dir_path)
+                };
+                ($result:expr, $cont:stmt, $err_msg:expr, $path:expr) => {
+                    unwrap_or_warn!(
+                        $result,
+                        $cont,
+                        format!("{}, level: {}", $err_msg, level),
+                        $path
+                    )
+                };
+            }
+
+            // If we fail to list a directory, something bad is happening anyway
+            // (something touches our cache or we have disk failure)
+            // Try to delete it, so we can stay within soft limits of the cache size.
+            // This comment applies later in this function, too.
+            let it = unwrap_or!(
+                fs::read_dir(dir_path),
+                add_unrecognized_and!([dir: dir_path], return),
+                "Failed to list cache directory, deleting it"
+            );
+
+            let mut cache_files = HashMap::new();
+            for entry in it {
+                // read_dir() returns an iterator over results - in case some of them are errors
+                // we don't know their names, so we can't delete them. We don't want to delete
+                // the whole directory with good entries too, so we just ignore the erroneous entries.
+                let entry = unwrap_or!(
+                    entry,
+                    continue,
+                    "Failed to read a cache dir entry (NOT deleting it, it still occupies space)"
+                );
+                let path = entry.path();
+                match (level, path.is_dir()) {
+                    (0..=1, true) => enter_dir(vec, &path, level + 1, cache_config),
+                    (0..=1, false) => {
+                        if level == 0
+                            && path.file_stem() == Some(OsStr::new(".cleanup"))
+                                && path.extension().is_some()
+                                // assume it's cleanup lock
+                                && !is_fs_lock_expired(
+                                    Some(&entry),
+                                    &path,
+                                    cache_config.cleanup_interval(),
+                                    cache_config.allowed_clock_drift_for_files_from_future(),
+                                )
+                        {
+                            continue; // skip active lock
+                        }
+                        add_unrecognized!(file: path);
+                    }
+                    (2, false) => {
+                        match path.extension().and_then(OsStr::to_str) {
+                            // mod or stats file
+                            None | Some("stats") => {
+                                cache_files.insert(path, entry);
+                            }
+
+                            Some(ext) => {
+                                // check if valid lock
+                                let recognized = ext.starts_with("wip-")
+                                    && !is_fs_lock_expired(
+                                        Some(&entry),
+                                        &path,
+                                        cache_config.optimizing_compression_task_timeout(),
+                                        cache_config.allowed_clock_drift_for_files_from_future(),
+                                    );
+
+                                if !recognized {
+                                    add_unrecognized!(file: path);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    (_, is_dir) => add_unrecognized!(is_dir, path),
+                }
+            }
+
+            // associate module with its stats & handle them
+            // assumption: just mods and stats
+            for (path, entry) in cache_files.iter() {
+                let path_buf: PathBuf;
+                let (mod_, stats_, is_mod) = match path.extension() {
+                    Some(_) => {
+                        path_buf = path.with_extension("");
+                        (
+                            cache_files.get(&path_buf).map(|v| (&path_buf, v)),
+                            Some((path, entry)),
+                            false,
+                        )
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        path_buf = path.with_extension("stats");
+                        (
+                            Some((path, entry)),
+                            cache_files.get(&path_buf).map(|v| (&path_buf, v)),
+                            true,
+                        )
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // construct a cache entry
+                match (mod_, stats_, is_mod) {
+                    (Some((mod_path, mod_entry)), Some((stats_path, stats_entry)), true) => {
+                        let mod_metadata = unwrap_or!(
+                            mod_entry.metadata(),
+                            add_unrecognized_and!([file: stats_path, file: mod_path], continue),
+                            "Failed to get metadata, deleting BOTH module cache and stats files",
+                            mod_path
+                        );
+                        let stats_mtime = unwrap_or!(
+                            stats_entry.metadata().and_then(|m| m.modified()),
+                            add_unrecognized_and!(
+                                [file: stats_path],
+                                unwrap_or!(
+                                    mod_metadata.modified(),
+                                    add_unrecognized_and!(
+                                        [file: stats_path, file: mod_path],
+                                        continue
+                                    ),
+                                    "Failed to get mtime, deleting BOTH module cache and stats \
+                                     files",
+                                    mod_path
+                                )
+                            ),
+                            "Failed to get metadata/mtime, deleting the file",
+                            stats_path
+                        );
+                        // .into() called for the SystemTimeStub if cfg(test)
+                        vec.push(CacheEntry::Recognized {
+                            path: mod_path.to_path_buf(),
+                            mtime: stats_mtime.into(),
+                            size: mod_metadata.len(),
+                        })
+                    }
+                    (Some(_), Some(_), false) => (), // was or will be handled by previous branch
+                    (Some((mod_path, mod_entry)), None, _) => {
+                        let (mod_metadata, mod_mtime) = unwrap_or!(
+                            mod_entry
+                                .metadata()
+                                .and_then(|md| md.modified().map(|mt| (md, mt))),
+                            add_unrecognized_and!([file: mod_path], continue),
+                            "Failed to get metadata/mtime, deleting the file",
+                            mod_path
+                        );
+                        // .into() called for the SystemTimeStub if cfg(test)
+                        vec.push(CacheEntry::Recognized {
+                            path: mod_path.to_path_buf(),
+                            mtime: mod_mtime.into(),
+                            size: mod_metadata.len(),
+                        })
+                    }
+                    (None, Some((stats_path, _stats_entry)), _) => {
+                        debug!("Found orphaned stats file: {}", stats_path.display());
+                        add_unrecognized!(file: stats_path);
+                    }
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut vec = Vec::new();
+        enter_dir(
+            &mut vec,
+            self.cache_config.directory(),
+            0,
+            &self.cache_config,
+        );
+        vec
+    }
+}
+
+fn read_stats_file(path: &Path) -> Option<ModuleCacheStatistics> {
+    fs::read_to_string(path)
+        .map_err(|err| {
+            trace!(
+                "Failed to read stats file, path: {}, err: {}",
+                path.display(),
+                err
+            )
+        })
+        .and_then(|contents| {
+            toml::from_str::<ModuleCacheStatistics>(&contents).map_err(|err| {
+                trace!(
+                    "Failed to parse stats file, path: {}, err: {}",
+                    path.display(),
+                    err,
+                )
+            })
+        })
+        .ok()
+}
+
+fn write_stats_file(path: &Path, stats: &ModuleCacheStatistics) -> bool {
+    toml::to_string_pretty(&stats)
+        .map_err(|err| {
+            warn!(
+                "Failed to serialize stats file, path: {}, err: {}",
+                path.display(),
+                err
+            )
+        })
+        .and_then(|serialized| {
+            fs_write_atomic(path, "stats", serialized.as_bytes()).map_err(|_| ())
+        })
+        .is_ok()
+}
+
+/// Tries to acquire a lock for specific task.
+///
+/// Returns Some(path) to the lock if succeeds. The task path must not
+/// contain any extension and have file stem.
+///
+/// To release a lock you need either manually rename or remove it,
+/// or wait until it expires and cleanup task removes it.
+///
+/// Note: this function is racy. Main idea is: be fault tolerant and
+///       never block some task. The price is that we rarely do some task
+///       more than once.
+fn acquire_task_fs_lock(
+    task_path: &Path,
+    timeout: Duration,
+    allowed_future_drift: Duration,
+) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    assert!(task_path.extension().is_none());
+    assert!(task_path.file_stem().is_some());
+
+    // list directory
+    let dir_path = task_path.parent()?;
+    let it = fs::read_dir(dir_path)
+        .map_err(|err| {
+            warn!(
+                "Failed to list cache directory, path: {}, err: {}",
+                dir_path.display(),
+                err
+            )
+        })
+        .ok()?;
+
+    // look for existing locks
+    for entry in it {
+        let entry = entry
+            .map_err(|err| {
+                warn!(
+                    "Failed to list cache directory, path: {}, err: {}",
+                    dir_path.display(),
+                    err
+                )
+            })
+            .ok()?;
+
+        let path = entry.path();
+        if path.is_dir() || path.file_stem() != task_path.file_stem() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // check extension and mtime
+        match path.extension() {
+            None => continue,
+            Some(ext) => {
+                if let Some(ext_str) = ext.to_str() {
+                    // if it's None, i.e. not valid UTF-8 string, then that's not our lock for sure
+                    if ext_str.starts_with("wip-")
+                        && !is_fs_lock_expired(Some(&entry), &path, timeout, allowed_future_drift)
+                    {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // create the lock
+    let lock_path = task_path.with_extension(format!("wip-{}", std::process::id()));
+    let _file = fs::OpenOptions::new()
+        .create_new(true)
+        .write(true)
+        .open(&lock_path)
+        .map_err(|err| {
+            warn!(
+                "Failed to create lock file (note: it shouldn't exists): path: {}, err: {}",
+                lock_path.display(),
+                err
+            )
+        })
+        .ok()?;
+
+    Some(lock_path)
+}
+
+// we have either both, or just path; dir entry is desirable since on some platforms we can get
+// metadata without extra syscalls
+// furthermore: it's better to get a path if we have it instead of allocating a new one from the dir entry
+fn is_fs_lock_expired(
+    entry: Option<&fs::DirEntry>,
+    path: &PathBuf,
+    threshold: Duration,
+    allowed_future_drift: Duration,
+) -> bool {
+    let mtime = match entry
+        .map_or_else(|| path.metadata(), |e| e.metadata())
+        .and_then(|metadata| metadata.modified())
+    {
+        Ok(mt) => mt,
+        Err(err) => {
+            warn!(
+                "Failed to get metadata/mtime, treating as an expired lock, path: {}, err: {}",
+                path.display(),
+                err
+            );
+            return true; // can't read mtime, treat as expired, so this task will not be starved
+        }
+    };
+
+    // DON'T use: mtime.elapsed() -- we must call SystemTime directly for the tests to be deterministic
+    match SystemTime::now().duration_since(mtime) {
+        Ok(elapsed) => elapsed >= threshold,
+        Err(err) => {
+            trace!(
+                "Found mtime in the future, treating as a not expired lock, path: {}, err: {}",
+                path.display(),
+                err
+            );
+            // the lock is expired if the time is too far in the future
+            // it is fine to have network share and not synchronized clocks,
+            // but it's not good when user changes time in their system clock
+            err.duration() > allowed_future_drift
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;