wasmtime 24.0.0 → 25.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-25.0.0/src/runtime/component/component.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,810 @@
+use crate::component::matching::InstanceType;
+use crate::component::types;
+use crate::component::InstanceExportLookup;
+use crate::prelude::*;
+use crate::runtime::vm::component::ComponentRuntimeInfo;
+use crate::runtime::vm::{
+    CompiledModuleId, VMArrayCallFunction, VMFuncRef, VMFunctionBody, VMWasmCallFunction,
+};
+use crate::{
+    code::CodeObject, code_memory::CodeMemory, type_registry::TypeCollection, Engine, Module,
+    ResourcesRequired,
+};
+use crate::{FuncType, ValType};
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::any::Any;
+use core::mem;
+use core::ops::Range;
+use core::ptr::NonNull;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use std::path::Path;
+use wasmtime_environ::component::{
+    AllCallFunc, CompiledComponentInfo, ComponentArtifacts, ComponentTypes, Export, ExportIndex,
+    GlobalInitializer, InstantiateModule, NameMapNoIntern, StaticModuleIndex, TrampolineIndex,
+    TypeComponentIndex, TypeDef, VMComponentOffsets,
+};
+use wasmtime_environ::{FunctionLoc, HostPtr, ObjectKind, PrimaryMap};
+
+/// A compiled WebAssembly Component.
+///
+/// This structure represents a compiled component that is ready to be
+/// instantiated. This owns a region of virtual memory which contains executable
+/// code compiled from a WebAssembly binary originally. This is the analog of
+/// [`Module`](crate::Module) in the component embedding API.
+///
+/// A [`Component`] can be turned into an
+/// [`Instance`](crate::component::Instance) through a
+/// [`Linker`](crate::component::Linker). [`Component`]s are safe to share
+/// across threads. The compilation model of a component is the same as that of
+/// [a module](crate::Module) which is to say:
+///
+/// * Compilation happens synchronously during [`Component::new`].
+/// * The result of compilation can be saved into storage with
+///   [`Component::serialize`].
+/// * A previously compiled artifact can be parsed with
+///   [`Component::deserialize`].
+/// * No compilation happens at runtime for a component — everything is done
+///   by the time [`Component::new`] returns.
+///
+/// ## Components and `Clone`
+///
+/// Using `clone` on a `Component` is a cheap operation. It will not create an
+/// entirely new component, but rather just a new reference to the existing
+/// component. In other words it's a shallow copy, not a deep copy.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// For example usage see the documentation of [`Module`](crate::Module) as
+/// [`Component`] has the same high-level API.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Component {
+    inner: Arc<ComponentInner>,
+}
+
+struct ComponentInner {
+    /// Unique id for this component within this process.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this is repurposing ids for modules intentionally as there
+    /// shouldn't be an issue overlapping them.
+    id: CompiledModuleId,
+
+    /// The engine that this component belongs to.
+    engine: Engine,
+
+    /// Component type index
+    ty: TypeComponentIndex,
+
+    /// Core wasm modules that the component defined internally, indexed by the
+    /// compile-time-assigned `ModuleUpvarIndex`.
+    static_modules: PrimaryMap<StaticModuleIndex, Module>,
+
+    /// Code-related information such as the compiled artifact, type
+    /// information, etc.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the `Arc` here is used to share this allocation with internal
+    /// modules.
+    code: Arc<CodeObject>,
+
+    /// Metadata produced during compilation.
+    info: CompiledComponentInfo,
+
+    /// A cached handle to the `wasmtime::FuncType` for the canonical ABI's
+    /// `realloc`, to avoid the need to look up types in the registry and take
+    /// locks when calling `realloc` via `TypedFunc::call_raw`.
+    realloc_func_type: Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>,
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct AllCallFuncPointers {
+    pub wasm_call: NonNull<VMWasmCallFunction>,
+    pub array_call: VMArrayCallFunction,
+}
+
+impl Component {
+    /// Compiles a new WebAssembly component from the in-memory list of bytes
+    /// provided.
+    ///
+    /// The `bytes` provided can either be the binary or text format of a
+    /// [WebAssembly component]. Note that the text format requires the `wat`
+    /// feature of this crate to be enabled. This API does not support
+    /// streaming compilation.
+    ///
+    /// This function will synchronously validate the entire component,
+    /// including all core modules, and then compile all components, modules,
+    /// etc., found within the provided bytes.
+    ///
+    /// [WebAssembly component]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/component-model/blob/main/design/mvp/Binary.md
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This function may fail and return an error. Errors may include
+    /// situations such as:
+    ///
+    /// * The binary provided could not be decoded because it's not a valid
+    ///   WebAssembly binary
+    /// * The WebAssembly binary may not validate (e.g. contains type errors)
+    /// * Implementation-specific limits were exceeded with a valid binary (for
+    ///   example too many locals)
+    /// * The wasm binary may use features that are not enabled in the
+    ///   configuration of `engine`
+    /// * If the `wat` feature is enabled and the input is text, then it may be
+    ///   rejected if it fails to parse.
+    ///
+    /// The error returned should contain full information about why compilation
+    /// failed.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// The `new` function can be invoked with a in-memory array of bytes:
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # use wasmtime::component::Component;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// # let wasm_bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    /// let component = Component::new(&engine, &wasm_bytes)?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Or you can also pass in a string to be parsed as the wasm text
+    /// format:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # use wasmtime::component::Component;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let component = Component::new(&engine, "(component (core module))")?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
+    pub fn new(engine: &Engine, bytes: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<Component> {
+        crate::CodeBuilder::new(engine)
+            .wasm_binary_or_text(bytes.as_ref(), None)?
+            .compile_component()
+    }
+
+    /// Compiles a new WebAssembly component from a wasm file on disk pointed
+    /// to by `file`.
+    ///
+    /// This is a convenience function for reading the contents of `file` on
+    /// disk and then calling [`Component::new`].
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "std", any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch")))]
+    pub fn from_file(engine: &Engine, file: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Component> {
+        crate::CodeBuilder::new(engine)
+            .wasm_binary_or_text_file(file.as_ref())?
+            .compile_component()
+    }
+
+    /// Compiles a new WebAssembly component from the in-memory wasm image
+    /// provided.
+    ///
+    /// This function is the same as [`Component::new`] except that it does not
+    /// accept the text format of WebAssembly. Even if the `wat` feature
+    /// is enabled an error will be returned here if `binary` is the text
+    /// format.
+    ///
+    /// For more information on semantics and errors see [`Component::new`].
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
+    pub fn from_binary(engine: &Engine, binary: &[u8]) -> Result<Component> {
+        crate::CodeBuilder::new(engine)
+            .wasm_binary(binary, None)?
+            .compile_component()
+    }
+
+    /// Same as [`Module::deserialize`], but for components.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the bytes referenced here must contain contents previously
+    /// produced by [`Engine::precompile_component`] or
+    /// [`Component::serialize`].
+    ///
+    /// For more information see the [`Module::deserialize`] method.
+    ///
+    /// # Unsafety
+    ///
+    /// The unsafety of this method is the same as that of the
+    /// [`Module::deserialize`] method.
+    ///
+    /// [`Module::deserialize`]: crate::Module::deserialize
+    pub unsafe fn deserialize(engine: &Engine, bytes: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<Component> {
+        let code = engine.load_code_bytes(bytes.as_ref(), ObjectKind::Component)?;
+        Component::from_parts(engine, code, None)
+    }
+
+    /// Same as [`Module::deserialize_file`], but for components.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the file referenced here must contain contents previously
+    /// produced by [`Engine::precompile_component`] or
+    /// [`Component::serialize`].
+    ///
+    /// For more information see the [`Module::deserialize_file`] method.
+    ///
+    /// # Unsafety
+    ///
+    /// The unsafety of this method is the same as that of the
+    /// [`Module::deserialize_file`] method.
+    ///
+    /// [`Module::deserialize_file`]: crate::Module::deserialize_file
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    pub unsafe fn deserialize_file(engine: &Engine, path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Component> {
+        let code = engine.load_code_file(path.as_ref(), ObjectKind::Component)?;
+        Component::from_parts(engine, code, None)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the type of this component as a [`types::Component`].
+    ///
+    /// This method enables runtime introspection of the type of a component
+    /// before instantiation, if necessary.
+    ///
+    /// ## Component types and Resources
+    ///
+    /// An important point to note here is that the precise type of imports and
+    /// exports of a component change when it is instantiated with respect to
+    /// resources. For example a [`Component`] represents an un-instantiated
+    /// component meaning that its imported resources are represented as abstract
+    /// resource types. These abstract types are not equal to any other
+    /// component's types.
+    ///
+    /// For example:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::Engine;
+    /// # use wasmtime::component::Component;
+    /// # use wasmtime::component::types::ComponentItem;
+    /// # fn main() -> wasmtime::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let a = Component::new(&engine, r#"
+    ///     (component (import "x" (type (sub resource))))
+    /// "#)?;
+    /// let b = Component::new(&engine, r#"
+    ///     (component (import "x" (type (sub resource))))
+    /// "#)?;
+    ///
+    /// let (_, a_ty) = a.component_type().imports(&engine).next().unwrap();
+    /// let (_, b_ty) = b.component_type().imports(&engine).next().unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// let a_ty = match a_ty {
+    ///     ComponentItem::Resource(ty) => ty,
+    ///     _ => unreachable!(),
+    /// };
+    /// let b_ty = match b_ty {
+    ///     ComponentItem::Resource(ty) => ty,
+    ///     _ => unreachable!(),
+    /// };
+    /// assert!(a_ty != b_ty);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Additionally, however, these abstract types are "substituted" during
+    /// instantiation meaning that a component type will appear to have changed
+    /// once it is instantiated.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::{Engine, Store};
+    /// # use wasmtime::component::{Component, Linker, ResourceType};
+    /// # use wasmtime::component::types::ComponentItem;
+    /// # fn main() -> wasmtime::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// // Here this component imports a resource and then exports it as-is
+    /// // which means that the export is equal to the import.
+    /// let a = Component::new(&engine, r#"
+    ///     (component
+    ///         (import "x" (type $x (sub resource)))
+    ///         (export "x" (type $x))
+    ///     )
+    /// "#)?;
+    ///
+    /// let (_, import) = a.component_type().imports(&engine).next().unwrap();
+    /// let (_, export) = a.component_type().exports(&engine).next().unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// let import = match import {
+    ///     ComponentItem::Resource(ty) => ty,
+    ///     _ => unreachable!(),
+    /// };
+    /// let export = match export {
+    ///     ComponentItem::Resource(ty) => ty,
+    ///     _ => unreachable!(),
+    /// };
+    /// assert_eq!(import, export);
+    ///
+    /// // However after instantiation the resource type "changes"
+    /// let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
+    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
+    /// linker.root().resource("x", ResourceType::host::<()>(), |_, _| Ok(()))?;
+    /// let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &a)?;
+    /// let instance_ty = instance.get_resource(&mut store, "x").unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// // Here `instance_ty` is not the same as either `import` or `export`,
+    /// // but it is equal to what we provided as an import.
+    /// assert!(instance_ty != import);
+    /// assert!(instance_ty != export);
+    /// assert!(instance_ty == ResourceType::host::<()>());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Finally, each instantiation of an exported resource from a component is
+    /// considered "fresh" for all instantiations meaning that different
+    /// instantiations will have different exported resource types:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::{Engine, Store};
+    /// # use wasmtime::component::{Component, Linker};
+    /// # fn main() -> wasmtime::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let a = Component::new(&engine, r#"
+    ///     (component
+    ///         (type $x (resource (rep i32)))
+    ///         (export "x" (type $x))
+    ///     )
+    /// "#)?;
+    ///
+    /// let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
+    /// let linker = Linker::new(&engine);
+    /// let instance1 = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &a)?;
+    /// let instance2 = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &a)?;
+    ///
+    /// let x1 = instance1.get_resource(&mut store, "x").unwrap();
+    /// let x2 = instance2.get_resource(&mut store, "x").unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// // Despite these two resources being the same export of the same
+    /// // component they come from two different instances meaning that their
+    /// // types will be unique.
+    /// assert!(x1 != x2);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn component_type(&self) -> types::Component {
+        self.with_uninstantiated_instance_type(|ty| types::Component::from(self.inner.ty, ty))
+    }
+
+    fn with_uninstantiated_instance_type<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&InstanceType<'_>) -> R) -> R {
+        let resources = Arc::new(PrimaryMap::new());
+        f(&InstanceType {
+            types: self.types(),
+            resources: &resources,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Final assembly step for a component from its in-memory representation.
+    ///
+    /// If the `artifacts` are specified as `None` here then they will be
+    /// deserialized from `code_memory`.
+    pub(crate) fn from_parts(
+        engine: &Engine,
+        code_memory: Arc<CodeMemory>,
+        artifacts: Option<ComponentArtifacts>,
+    ) -> Result<Component> {
+        let ComponentArtifacts {
+            ty,
+            info,
+            types,
+            static_modules,
+        } = match artifacts {
+            Some(artifacts) => artifacts,
+            None => postcard::from_bytes(code_memory.wasmtime_info()).err2anyhow()?,
+        };
+
+        // Validate that the component can be used with the current instance
+        // allocator.
+        engine.allocator().validate_component(
+            &info.component,
+            &VMComponentOffsets::new(HostPtr, &info.component),
+            &|module_index| &static_modules[module_index].module,
+        )?;
+
+        // Create a signature registration with the `Engine` for all trampolines
+        // and core wasm types found within this component, both for the
+        // component and for all included core wasm modules.
+        let signatures = TypeCollection::new_for_module(engine, types.module_types());
+
+        // Assemble the `CodeObject` artifact which is shared by all core wasm
+        // modules as well as the final component.
+        let types = Arc::new(types);
+        let code = Arc::new(CodeObject::new(code_memory, signatures, types.into()));
+
+        // Convert all information about static core wasm modules into actual
+        // `Module` instances by converting each `CompiledModuleInfo`, the
+        // `types` type information, and the code memory to a runtime object.
+        let static_modules = static_modules
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(_, info)| Module::from_parts_raw(engine, code.clone(), info, false))
+            .collect::<Result<_>>()?;
+
+        let realloc_func_type = Arc::new(FuncType::new(
+            engine,
+            [ValType::I32, ValType::I32, ValType::I32, ValType::I32],
+            [ValType::I32],
+        )) as _;
+
+        Ok(Component {
+            inner: Arc::new(ComponentInner {
+                id: CompiledModuleId::new(),
+                engine: engine.clone(),
+                ty,
+                static_modules,
+                code,
+                info,
+                realloc_func_type,
+            }),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn ty(&self) -> TypeComponentIndex {
+        self.inner.ty
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn env_component(&self) -> &wasmtime_environ::component::Component {
+        &self.inner.info.component
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn static_module(&self, idx: StaticModuleIndex) -> &Module {
+        &self.inner.static_modules[idx]
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn types(&self) -> &Arc<ComponentTypes> {
+        self.inner.component_types()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn signatures(&self) -> &TypeCollection {
+        self.inner.code.signatures()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn text(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.inner.code.code_memory().text()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn trampoline_ptrs(&self, index: TrampolineIndex) -> AllCallFuncPointers {
+        let AllCallFunc {
+            wasm_call,
+            array_call,
+        } = &self.inner.info.trampolines[index];
+        AllCallFuncPointers {
+            wasm_call: self.func(wasm_call).cast(),
+            array_call: unsafe {
+                mem::transmute::<NonNull<VMFunctionBody>, VMArrayCallFunction>(
+                    self.func(array_call),
+                )
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn func(&self, loc: &FunctionLoc) -> NonNull<VMFunctionBody> {
+        let text = self.text();
+        let trampoline = &text[loc.start as usize..][..loc.length as usize];
+        NonNull::new(trampoline.as_ptr() as *mut VMFunctionBody).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn code_object(&self) -> &Arc<CodeObject> {
+        &self.inner.code
+    }
+
+    /// Same as [`Module::serialize`], except for a component.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the artifact produced here must be passed to
+    /// [`Component::deserialize`] and is not compatible for use with
+    /// [`Module`].
+    ///
+    /// [`Module::serialize`]: crate::Module::serialize
+    /// [`Module`]: crate::Module
+    pub fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        Ok(self.code_object().code_memory().mmap().to_vec())
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn runtime_info(&self) -> Arc<dyn ComponentRuntimeInfo> {
+        self.inner.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new `VMFuncRef` with all fields filled out for the destructor
+    /// specified.
+    ///
+    /// The `dtor`'s own `VMFuncRef` won't have `wasm_call` filled out but this
+    /// component may have `resource_drop_wasm_to_native_trampoline` filled out
+    /// if necessary in which case it's filled in here.
+    pub(crate) fn resource_drop_func_ref(&self, dtor: &crate::func::HostFunc) -> VMFuncRef {
+        // Host functions never have their `wasm_call` filled in at this time.
+        assert!(dtor.func_ref().wasm_call.is_none());
+
+        // Note that if `resource_drop_wasm_to_native_trampoline` is not present
+        // then this can't be called by the component, so it's ok to leave it
+        // blank.
+        let wasm_call = self
+            .inner
+            .info
+            .resource_drop_wasm_to_array_trampoline
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|i| self.func(i).cast());
+        VMFuncRef {
+            wasm_call,
+            ..*dtor.func_ref()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a summary of the resources required to instantiate this
+    /// [`Component`][crate::component::Component].
+    ///
+    /// Note that when a component imports and instantiates another component or
+    /// core module, we cannot determine ahead of time how many resources
+    /// instantiating this component will require, and therefore this method
+    /// will return `None` in these scenarios.
+    ///
+    /// Potential uses of the returned information:
+    ///
+    /// * Determining whether your pooling allocator configuration supports
+    ///   instantiating this component.
+    ///
+    /// * Deciding how many of which `Component` you want to instantiate within
+    ///   a fixed amount of resources, e.g. determining whether to create 5
+    ///   instances of component X or 10 instances of component Y.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # fn main() -> wasmtime::Result<()> {
+    /// use wasmtime::{Config, Engine, component::Component};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new();
+    /// config.wasm_multi_memory(true);
+    /// config.wasm_component_model(true);
+    /// let engine = Engine::new(&config)?;
+    ///
+    /// let component = Component::new(&engine, &r#"
+    ///     (component
+    ///         ;; Define a core module that uses two memories.
+    ///         (core module $m
+    ///             (memory 1)
+    ///             (memory 6)
+    ///         )
+    ///
+    ///         ;; Instantiate that core module three times.
+    ///         (core instance $i1 (instantiate (module $m)))
+    ///         (core instance $i2 (instantiate (module $m)))
+    ///         (core instance $i3 (instantiate (module $m)))
+    ///     )
+    /// "#)?;
+    ///
+    /// let resources = component.resources_required()
+    ///     .expect("this component does not import any core modules or instances");
+    ///
+    /// // Instantiating the component will require allocating two memories per
+    /// // core instance, and there are three instances, so six total memories.
+    /// assert_eq!(resources.num_memories, 6);
+    /// assert_eq!(resources.max_initial_memory_size, Some(6));
+    ///
+    /// // The component doesn't need any tables.
+    /// assert_eq!(resources.num_tables, 0);
+    /// assert_eq!(resources.max_initial_table_size, None);
+    /// # Ok(()) }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn resources_required(&self) -> Option<ResourcesRequired> {
+        let mut resources = ResourcesRequired {
+            num_memories: 0,
+            max_initial_memory_size: None,
+            num_tables: 0,
+            max_initial_table_size: None,
+        };
+        for init in &self.env_component().initializers {
+            match init {
+                GlobalInitializer::InstantiateModule(inst) => match inst {
+                    InstantiateModule::Static(index, _) => {
+                        let module = self.static_module(*index);
+                        resources.add(&module.resources_required());
+                    }
+                    InstantiateModule::Import(_, _) => {
+                        // We can't statically determine the resources required
+                        // to instantiate this component.
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                },
+                GlobalInitializer::LowerImport { .. }
+                | GlobalInitializer::ExtractMemory(_)
+                | GlobalInitializer::ExtractRealloc(_)
+                | GlobalInitializer::ExtractPostReturn(_)
+                | GlobalInitializer::Resource(_) => {}
+            }
+        }
+        Some(resources)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the range, in the host's address space, that this module's
+    /// compiled code resides at.
+    ///
+    /// For more information see
+    /// [`Module::image_range`](crate::Module::image_range).
+    pub fn image_range(&self) -> Range<*const u8> {
+        self.inner.code.code_memory().mmap().image_range()
+    }
+
+    /// Looks up a specific export of this component by `name` optionally nested
+    /// within the `instance` provided.
+    ///
+    /// This method is primarily used to acquire a [`ComponentExportIndex`]
+    /// which can be used with [`Instance`](crate::component::Instance) when
+    /// looking up exports. Export lookup with [`ComponentExportIndex`] can
+    /// skip string lookups at runtime and instead use a more efficient
+    /// index-based lookup.
+    ///
+    /// This method takes a few arguments:
+    ///
+    /// * `engine` - the engine that was used to compile this component.
+    /// * `instance` - an optional "parent instance" for the export being looked
+    ///   up. If this is `None` then the export is looked up on the root of the
+    ///   component itself, and otherwise the export is looked up on the
+    ///   `instance` specified. Note that `instance` must have come from a
+    ///   previous invocation of this method.
+    /// * `name` - the name of the export that's being looked up.
+    ///
+    /// If the export is located then two values are returned: a
+    /// [`types::ComponentItem`] which enables introspection about the type of
+    /// the export and a [`ComponentExportIndex`]. The index returned notably
+    /// implements the [`InstanceExportLookup`] trait which enables using it
+    /// with [`Instance::get_func`](crate::component::Instance::get_func) for
+    /// example.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use wasmtime::{Engine, Store};
+    /// use wasmtime::component::{Component, Linker};
+    /// use wasmtime::component::types::ComponentItem;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> wasmtime::Result<()> {
+    /// let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let component = Component::new(
+    ///     &engine,
+    ///     r#"
+    ///         (component
+    ///             (core module $m
+    ///                 (func (export "f"))
+    ///             )
+    ///             (core instance $i (instantiate $m))
+    ///             (func (export "f")
+    ///                 (canon lift (core func $i "f")))
+    ///         )
+    ///     "#,
+    /// )?;
+    ///
+    /// // Perform a lookup of the function "f" before instantiaton.
+    /// let (ty, export) = component.export_index(None, "f").unwrap();
+    /// assert!(matches!(ty, ComponentItem::ComponentFunc(_)));
+    ///
+    /// // After instantiation use `export` to lookup the function in question
+    /// // which notably does not do a string lookup at runtime.
+    /// let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
+    /// let instance = Linker::new(&engine).instantiate(&mut store, &component)?;
+    /// let func = instance.get_typed_func::<(), ()>(&mut store, &export)?;
+    /// // ...
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn export_index(
+        &self,
+        instance: Option<&ComponentExportIndex>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Option<(types::ComponentItem, ComponentExportIndex)> {
+        let info = self.env_component();
+        let index = self.lookup_export_index(instance, name)?;
+        let ty = match info.export_items[index] {
+            Export::Instance { ty, .. } => TypeDef::ComponentInstance(ty),
+            Export::LiftedFunction { ty, .. } => TypeDef::ComponentFunc(ty),
+            Export::ModuleStatic { ty, .. } | Export::ModuleImport { ty, .. } => {
+                TypeDef::Module(ty)
+            }
+            Export::Type(ty) => ty,
+        };
+        let item = self.with_uninstantiated_instance_type(|instance| {
+            types::ComponentItem::from(&self.inner.engine, &ty, instance)
+        });
+        Some((
+            item,
+            ComponentExportIndex {
+                id: self.inner.id,
+                index,
+            },
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn lookup_export_index(
+        &self,
+        instance: Option<&ComponentExportIndex>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Option<ExportIndex> {
+        let info = self.env_component();
+        let exports = match instance {
+            Some(idx) => {
+                if idx.id != self.inner.id {
+                    return None;
+                }
+                match &info.export_items[idx.index] {
+                    Export::Instance { exports, .. } => exports,
+                    _ => return None,
+                }
+            }
+            None => &info.exports,
+        };
+        exports.get(name, &NameMapNoIntern).copied()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn id(&self) -> CompiledModuleId {
+        self.inner.id
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the [`Engine`] that this [`Component`] was compiled by.
+    pub fn engine(&self) -> &Engine {
+        &self.inner.engine
+    }
+}
+
+/// A value which represents a known export of a component.
+///
+/// This is the return value of [`Component::export_index`] and implements the
+/// [`InstanceExportLookup`] trait to work with lookups like
+/// [`Instance::get_func`](crate::component::Instance::get_func).
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ComponentExportIndex {
+    pub(crate) id: CompiledModuleId,
+    pub(crate) index: ExportIndex,
+}
+
+impl InstanceExportLookup for ComponentExportIndex {
+    fn lookup(&self, component: &Component) -> Option<ExportIndex> {
+        if component.inner.id == self.id {
+            Some(self.index)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ComponentRuntimeInfo for ComponentInner {
+    fn component(&self) -> &wasmtime_environ::component::Component {
+        &self.info.component
+    }
+
+    fn component_types(&self) -> &Arc<ComponentTypes> {
+        match self.code.types() {
+            crate::code::Types::Component(types) => types,
+            // The only creator of a `Component` is itself which uses the other
+            // variant, so this shouldn't be possible.
+            crate::code::Types::Module(_) => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn realloc_func_type(&self) -> &Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync> {
+        &self.realloc_func_type
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::component::Component;
+    use crate::{Config, Engine};
+    use wasmtime_environ::MemoryInitialization;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cow_on_by_default() {
+        let mut config = Config::new();
+        config.wasm_component_model(true);
+        let engine = Engine::new(&config).unwrap();
+        let component = Component::new(
+            &engine,
+            r#"
+                (component
+                    (core module
+                        (memory 1)
+                        (data (i32.const 100) "abcd")
+                    )
+                )
+            "#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        for (_, module) in component.inner.static_modules.iter() {
+            let init = &module.env_module().memory_initialization;
+            assert!(matches!(init, MemoryInitialization::Static { .. }));
+        }
+    }
+}