opencode-skills-collection 4.0.52 → 4.0.54

package/bundled-skills/fp-refactor/SKILL.md

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ name: fp-refactor
 description: Comprehensive guide for refactoring imperative TypeScript code to fp-ts functional patterns
 risk: critical
 source: community
+date_added: "2026-09-04"
 version: 1.0.0
 author: fp-ts-skills
 tags:
@@ -21,1772 +22,15 @@ tags:
 
 This skill provides comprehensive patterns and strategies for migrating existing imperative TypeScript code to fp-ts functional programming patterns.
 
+## Detailed Guide
+
+Read [the detailed guide](references/detailed-guide.md) before executing this skill. It retains the complete procedure and reference material. Treat its safety, prerequisites, and validation requirements as mandatory. For focused work, load the relevant sections; for end-to-end work, read the guide completely.
+
 ## When to Use
 - You are refactoring an existing imperative TypeScript codebase toward fp-ts patterns.
 - The task involves converting `try/catch`, null checks, callbacks, DI, or loops into functional equivalents.
 - You need migration guidance and tradeoffs, not just isolated fp-ts examples.
 
-## Table of Contents
-
-1. [Converting try-catch to Either/TaskEither](#1-converting-try-catch-to-eithertaskeither)
-2. [Converting null checks to Option](#2-converting-null-checks-to-option)
-3. [Converting callbacks to Task](#3-converting-callbacks-to-task)
-4. [Converting class-based DI to Reader](#4-converting-class-based-di-to-reader)
-5. [Converting imperative loops to functional operations](#5-converting-imperative-loops-to-functional-operations)
-6. [Migrating Promise chains to TaskEither](#6-migrating-promise-chains-to-taskeither)
-7. [Common Pitfalls](#7-common-pitfalls)
-8. [Gradual Adoption Strategies](#8-gradual-adoption-strategies)
-9. [When NOT to Refactor](#9-when-not-to-refactor)
-
----
-
-## 1. Converting try-catch to Either/TaskEither
-
-### The Problem with try-catch
-
-Traditional try-catch blocks have several issues:
-- Error handling is implicit and easy to forget
-- The type system doesn't track which functions can throw
-- Control flow is non-linear and harder to reason about
-- Composing multiple fallible operations is verbose
-
-### Pattern: Synchronous try-catch to Either
-
-#### Before (Imperative)
-
-```typescript
-function parseJSON(input: string): unknown {
-  try {
-    return JSON.parse(input);
-  } catch (error) {
-    throw new Error(`Invalid JSON: ${error}`);
-  }
-}
-
-function validateUser(data: unknown): User {
-  try {
-    if (!data || typeof data !== 'object') {
-      throw new Error('Data must be an object');
-    }
-    const obj = data as Record<string, unknown>;
-    if (typeof obj.name !== 'string') {
-      throw new Error('Name is required');
-    }
-    if (typeof obj.age !== 'number') {
-      throw new Error('Age must be a number');
-    }
-    return { name: obj.name, age: obj.age };
-  } catch (error) {
-    throw error;
-  }
-}
-
-// Usage with nested try-catch
-function processUserInput(input: string): User | null {
-  try {
-    const data = parseJSON(input);
-    const user = validateUser(data);
-    return user;
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error('Failed to process user:', error);
-    return null;
-  }
-}
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts Either)
-
-```typescript
-import * as E from 'fp-ts/Either';
-import * as J from 'fp-ts/Json';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-interface User {
-  name: string;
-  age: number;
-}
-
-// Use Json.parse which returns Either<Error, Json>
-const parseJSON = (input: string): E.Either<Error, unknown> =>
-  pipe(
-    J.parse(input),
-    E.mapLeft((e) => new Error(`Invalid JSON: ${e}`))
-  );
-
-// Validation returns Either, making errors explicit in types
-const validateUser = (data: unknown): E.Either<Error, User> => {
-  if (!data || typeof data !== 'object') {
-    return E.left(new Error('Data must be an object'));
-  }
-  const obj = data as Record<string, unknown>;
-  if (typeof obj.name !== 'string') {
-    return E.left(new Error('Name is required'));
-  }
-  if (typeof obj.age !== 'number') {
-    return E.left(new Error('Age must be a number'));
-  }
-  return E.right({ name: obj.name, age: obj.age });
-};
-
-// Compose with pipe and flatMap - errors propagate automatically
-const processUserInput = (input: string): E.Either<Error, User> =>
-  pipe(
-    parseJSON(input),
-    E.flatMap(validateUser)
-  );
-
-// Handle both cases explicitly
-pipe(
-  processUserInput('{"name": "Alice", "age": 30}'),
-  E.match(
-    (error) => console.error('Failed to process user:', error.message),
-    (user) => console.log('User:', user)
-  )
-);
-```
-
-### Step-by-Step Refactoring Guide
-
-1. **Identify the error type**: Determine what errors can occur and create appropriate error types
-2. **Change return type**: From `T` to `Either<E, T>` where `E` is your error type
-3. **Replace throw statements**: Convert `throw new Error(...)` to `E.left(new Error(...))`
-4. **Replace return statements**: Convert `return value` to `E.right(value)`
-5. **Remove try-catch blocks**: They're no longer needed
-6. **Update callers**: Use `pipe` with `E.flatMap` to chain operations
-
-### Pattern: Async try-catch to TaskEither
-
-#### Before (Imperative)
-
-```typescript
-async function fetchUser(id: string): Promise<User> {
-  try {
-    const response = await fetch(`/api/users/${id}`);
-    if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`HTTP error: ${response.status}`);
-    }
-    const data = await response.json();
-    return validateUser(data);
-  } catch (error) {
-    throw new Error(`Failed to fetch user: ${error}`);
-  }
-}
-
-async function fetchUserPosts(userId: string): Promise<Post[]> {
-  try {
-    const response = await fetch(`/api/users/${userId}/posts`);
-    if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`HTTP error: ${response.status}`);
-    }
-    return await response.json();
-  } catch (error) {
-    throw new Error(`Failed to fetch posts: ${error}`);
-  }
-}
-
-// Complex orchestration with try-catch
-async function getUserWithPosts(id: string): Promise<{ user: User; posts: Post[] } | null> {
-  try {
-    const user = await fetchUser(id);
-    const posts = await fetchUserPosts(id);
-    return { user, posts };
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error(error);
-    return null;
-  }
-}
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts TaskEither)
-
-```typescript
-import * as TE from 'fp-ts/TaskEither';
-import * as E from 'fp-ts/Either';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-// Wrap fetch in TaskEither
-const fetchUser = (id: string): TE.TaskEither<Error, User> =>
-  pipe(
-    TE.tryCatch(
-      () => fetch(`/api/users/${id}`),
-      (reason) => new Error(`Network error: ${reason}`)
-    ),
-    TE.flatMap((response) =>
-      response.ok
-        ? TE.right(response)
-        : TE.left(new Error(`HTTP error: ${response.status}`))
-    ),
-    TE.flatMap((response) =>
-      TE.tryCatch(
-        () => response.json(),
-        (reason) => new Error(`JSON parse error: ${reason}`)
-      )
-    ),
-    TE.flatMap((data) => TE.fromEither(validateUser(data)))
-  );
-
-const fetchUserPosts = (userId: string): TE.TaskEither<Error, Post[]> =>
-  pipe(
-    TE.tryCatch(
-      () => fetch(`/api/users/${userId}/posts`),
-      (reason) => new Error(`Network error: ${reason}`)
-    ),
-    TE.flatMap((response) =>
-      response.ok
-        ? TE.right(response)
-        : TE.left(new Error(`HTTP error: ${response.status}`))
-    ),
-    TE.flatMap((response) =>
-      TE.tryCatch(
-        () => response.json(),
-        (reason) => new Error(`JSON parse error: ${reason}`)
-      )
-    )
-  );
-
-// Clean composition with automatic error propagation
-const getUserWithPosts = (
-  id: string
-): TE.TaskEither<Error, { user: User; posts: Post[] }> =>
-  pipe(
-    TE.Do,
-    TE.bind('user', () => fetchUser(id)),
-    TE.bind('posts', () => fetchUserPosts(id))
-  );
-
-// Execute and handle results
-const main = async () => {
-  const result = await getUserWithPosts('123')();
-  pipe(
-    result,
-    E.match(
-      (error) => console.error('Failed:', error.message),
-      ({ user, posts }) => console.log('Success:', user, posts)
-    )
-  );
-};
-```
-
-### Helper: tryCatch Utility
-
-Create a reusable wrapper for functions that might throw:
-
-```typescript
-import * as E from 'fp-ts/Either';
-import * as TE from 'fp-ts/TaskEither';
-
-// For sync functions
-const tryCatchSync = <A>(f: () => A): E.Either<Error, A> =>
-  E.tryCatch(f, (e) => (e instanceof Error ? e : new Error(String(e))));
-
-// For async functions
-const tryCatchAsync = <A>(f: () => Promise<A>): TE.TaskEither<Error, A> =>
-  TE.tryCatch(f, (e) => (e instanceof Error ? e : new Error(String(e))));
-```
-
----
-
-## 2. Converting null checks to Option
-
-### The Problem with null/undefined
-
-- TypeScript's strict null checks help, but null still spreads through code
-- Chained property access requires verbose null guards
-- The distinction between "missing" and "present but null" is unclear
-- Easy to forget null checks leading to runtime errors
-
-### Pattern: Simple null checks to Option
-
-#### Before (Imperative)
-
-```typescript
-interface Config {
-  database?: {
-    host?: string;
-    port?: number;
-    credentials?: {
-      username?: string;
-      password?: string;
-    };
-  };
-}
-
-function getDatabaseUrl(config: Config): string | null {
-  if (!config.database) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (!config.database.host) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const port = config.database.port ?? 5432;
-
-  let auth = '';
-  if (config.database.credentials) {
-    if (config.database.credentials.username && config.database.credentials.password) {
-      auth = `${config.database.credentials.username}:${config.database.credentials.password}@`;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return `postgres://${auth}${config.database.host}:${port}`;
-}
-
-// Usage requires null check
-const url = getDatabaseUrl(config);
-if (url !== null) {
-  connectToDatabase(url);
-} else {
-  console.error('Database URL not configured');
-}
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts Option)
-
-```typescript
-import * as O from 'fp-ts/Option';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-const getDatabaseUrl = (config: Config): O.Option<string> =>
-  pipe(
-    O.fromNullable(config.database),
-    O.flatMap((db) =>
-      pipe(
-        O.fromNullable(db.host),
-        O.map((host) => {
-          const port = db.port ?? 5432;
-          const auth = pipe(
-            O.fromNullable(db.credentials),
-            O.flatMap((creds) =>
-              pipe(
-                O.Do,
-                O.bind('username', () => O.fromNullable(creds.username)),
-                O.bind('password', () => O.fromNullable(creds.password)),
-                O.map(({ username, password }) => `${username}:${password}@`)
-              )
-            ),
-            O.getOrElse(() => '')
-          );
-          return `postgres://${auth}${host}:${port}`;
-        })
-      )
-    )
-  );
-
-// Usage is explicit about the optional nature
-pipe(
-  getDatabaseUrl(config),
-  O.match(
-    () => console.error('Database URL not configured'),
-    (url) => connectToDatabase(url)
-  )
-);
-```
-
-### Pattern: Array find operations
-
-#### Before (Imperative)
-
-```typescript
-interface User {
-  id: string;
-  name: string;
-  email: string;
-}
-
-function findUserById(users: User[], id: string): User | undefined {
-  return users.find((u) => u.id === id);
-}
-
-function getUserEmail(users: User[], id: string): string | null {
-  const user = findUserById(users, id);
-  if (!user) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  return user.email;
-}
-
-// Chained lookups get messy
-function getManagerEmail(users: User[], employee: { managerId?: string }): string | null {
-  if (!employee.managerId) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const manager = findUserById(users, employee.managerId);
-  if (!manager) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  return manager.email;
-}
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts Option)
-
-```typescript
-import * as O from 'fp-ts/Option';
-import * as A from 'fp-ts/Array';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-const findUserById = (users: User[], id: string): O.Option<User> =>
-  A.findFirst<User>((u) => u.id === id)(users);
-
-const getUserEmail = (users: User[], id: string): O.Option<string> =>
-  pipe(
-    findUserById(users, id),
-    O.map((user) => user.email)
-  );
-
-const getManagerEmail = (
-  users: User[],
-  employee: { managerId?: string }
-): O.Option<string> =>
-  pipe(
-    O.fromNullable(employee.managerId),
-    O.flatMap((managerId) => findUserById(users, managerId)),
-    O.map((manager) => manager.email)
-  );
-```
-
-### Step-by-Step Refactoring Guide
-
-1. **Identify nullable values**: Find all `T | null`, `T | undefined`, or optional properties
-2. **Wrap with fromNullable**: Convert nullable values to Option at system boundaries
-3. **Change return types**: From `T | null` to `Option<T>`
-4. **Replace null checks**: Use `O.map`, `O.flatMap`, `O.filter` instead of if statements
-5. **Handle at boundaries**: Use `O.getOrElse`, `O.match`, or `O.toNullable` when interfacing with non-fp code
-
-### Converting Between Option and Either
-
-```typescript
-import * as O from 'fp-ts/Option';
-import * as E from 'fp-ts/Either';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-// Option to Either: provide error for None case
-const optionToEither = <E, A>(onNone: () => E) => (
-  option: O.Option<A>
-): E.Either<E, A> =>
-  pipe(
-    option,
-    E.fromOption(onNone)
-  );
-
-// Example
-const findUser = (id: string): O.Option<User> => /* ... */;
-
-const getUser = (id: string): E.Either<Error, User> =>
-  pipe(
-    findUser(id),
-    E.fromOption(() => new Error(`User ${id} not found`))
-  );
-```
-
----
-
-## 3. Converting callbacks to Task
-
-### The Problem with Callbacks
-
-- Callback hell makes code hard to read
-- Error handling is inconsistent
-- Difficult to compose and sequence
-- No standard way to handle async operations
-
-### Pattern: Node-style callbacks to Task
-
-#### Before (Imperative)
-
-```typescript
-import * as fs from 'fs';
-
-function readFileCallback(
-  path: string,
-  callback: (error: Error | null, data: string | null) => void
-): void {
-  fs.readFile(path, 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
-    if (err) {
-      callback(err, null);
-    } else {
-      callback(null, data);
-    }
-  });
-}
-
-function processFile(
-  inputPath: string,
-  outputPath: string,
-  callback: (error: Error | null) => void
-): void {
-  readFileCallback(inputPath, (err, data) => {
-    if (err) {
-      callback(err);
-      return;
-    }
-    const processed = data!.toUpperCase();
-    fs.writeFile(outputPath, processed, (writeErr) => {
-      if (writeErr) {
-        callback(writeErr);
-      } else {
-        callback(null);
-      }
-    });
-  });
-}
-
-// Callback hell
-function processMultipleFiles(
-  files: Array<{ input: string; output: string }>,
-  callback: (error: Error | null) => void
-): void {
-  let completed = 0;
-  let hasError = false;
-
-  files.forEach(({ input, output }) => {
-    if (hasError) return;
-    processFile(input, output, (err) => {
-      if (hasError) return;
-      if (err) {
-        hasError = true;
-        callback(err);
-        return;
-      }
-      completed++;
-      if (completed === files.length) {
-        callback(null);
-      }
-    });
-  });
-}
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts Task/TaskEither)
-
-```typescript
-import * as fs from 'fs/promises';
-import * as TE from 'fp-ts/TaskEither';
-import * as A from 'fp-ts/Array';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-// Wrap fs.promises in TaskEither
-const readFile = (path: string): TE.TaskEither<Error, string> =>
-  TE.tryCatch(
-    () => fs.readFile(path, 'utf-8'),
-    (e) => (e instanceof Error ? e : new Error(String(e)))
-  );
-
-const writeFile = (path: string, data: string): TE.TaskEither<Error, void> =>
-  TE.tryCatch(
-    () => fs.writeFile(path, data),
-    (e) => (e instanceof Error ? e : new Error(String(e)))
-  );
-
-// Clean composition
-const processFile = (
-  inputPath: string,
-  outputPath: string
-): TE.TaskEither<Error, void> =>
-  pipe(
-    readFile(inputPath),
-    TE.map((data) => data.toUpperCase()),
-    TE.flatMap((processed) => writeFile(outputPath, processed))
-  );
-
-// Process multiple files in parallel or sequence
-const processMultipleFilesParallel = (
-  files: Array<{ input: string; output: string }>
-): TE.TaskEither<Error, void[]> =>
-  pipe(
-    files,
-    A.traverse(TE.ApplicativePar)(({ input, output }) =>
-      processFile(input, output)
-    )
-  );
-
-const processMultipleFilesSequential = (
-  files: Array<{ input: string; output: string }>
-): TE.TaskEither<Error, void[]> =>
-  pipe(
-    files,
-    A.traverse(TE.ApplicativeSeq)(({ input, output }) =>
-      processFile(input, output)
-    )
-  );
-```
-
-### Pattern: Converting callback-based APIs
-
-```typescript
-import * as TE from 'fp-ts/TaskEither';
-
-// Generic callback-to-TaskEither converter
-const fromCallback = <A>(
-  f: (callback: (error: Error | null, result: A | null) => void) => void
-): TE.TaskEither<Error, A> =>
-  () =>
-    new Promise((resolve) => {
-      f((error, result) => {
-        if (error) {
-          resolve({ _tag: 'Left', left: error });
-        } else {
-          resolve({ _tag: 'Right', right: result as A });
-        }
-      });
-    });
-
-// Usage
-const readFileLegacy = (path: string): TE.TaskEither<Error, string> =>
-  fromCallback((cb) => fs.readFile(path, 'utf-8', cb));
-```
-
----
-
-## 4. Converting class-based DI to Reader
-
-### The Problem with Class-based DI
-
-- Tight coupling between classes and their dependencies
-- Testing requires mocking entire class hierarchies
-- Dependency injection containers add runtime complexity
-- Hard to trace data flow through the application
-
-### Pattern: Service classes to Reader
-
-#### Before (Imperative with Classes)
-
-```typescript
-// Traditional class-based approach
-interface Logger {
-  log(message: string): void;
-  error(message: string): void;
-}
-
-interface UserRepository {
-  findById(id: string): Promise<User | null>;
-  save(user: User): Promise<void>;
-}
-
-interface EmailService {
-  send(to: string, subject: string, body: string): Promise<void>;
-}
-
-class UserService {
-  constructor(
-    private readonly logger: Logger,
-    private readonly userRepo: UserRepository,
-    private readonly emailService: EmailService
-  ) {}
-
-  async updateEmail(userId: string, newEmail: string): Promise<void> {
-    this.logger.log(`Updating email for user ${userId}`);
-
-    const user = await this.userRepo.findById(userId);
-    if (!user) {
-      this.logger.error(`User ${userId} not found`);
-      throw new Error(`User ${userId} not found`);
-    }
-
-    const oldEmail = user.email;
-    user.email = newEmail;
-
-    await this.userRepo.save(user);
-
-    await this.emailService.send(
-      oldEmail,
-      'Email Changed',
-      `Your email has been changed to ${newEmail}`
-    );
-
-    this.logger.log(`Email updated for user ${userId}`);
-  }
-}
-
-// Manual DI setup
-const logger = new ConsoleLogger();
-const userRepo = new PostgresUserRepository(dbConnection);
-const emailService = new SmtpEmailService(smtpConfig);
-const userService = new UserService(logger, userRepo, emailService);
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts Reader)
-
-```typescript
-import * as R from 'fp-ts/Reader';
-import * as RTE from 'fp-ts/ReaderTaskEither';
-import * as TE from 'fp-ts/TaskEither';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-// Define the environment/dependencies as an interface
-interface AppEnv {
-  logger: {
-    log: (message: string) => void;
-    error: (message: string) => void;
-  };
-  userRepo: {
-    findById: (id: string) => TE.TaskEither<Error, User | null>;
-    save: (user: User) => TE.TaskEither<Error, void>;
-  };
-  emailService: {
-    send: (to: string, subject: string, body: string) => TE.TaskEither<Error, void>;
-  };
-}
-
-// Helper to access environment
-const ask = RTE.ask<AppEnv, Error>();
-
-// Service functions using ReaderTaskEither
-const logInfo = (message: string): RTE.ReaderTaskEither<AppEnv, Error, void> =>
-  pipe(
-    ask,
-    RTE.map((env) => env.logger.log(message))
-  );
-
-const logError = (message: string): RTE.ReaderTaskEither<AppEnv, Error, void> =>
-  pipe(
-    ask,
-    RTE.map((env) => env.logger.error(message))
-  );
-
-const findUser = (id: string): RTE.ReaderTaskEither<AppEnv, Error, User | null> =>
-  pipe(
-    ask,
-    RTE.flatMapTaskEither((env) => env.userRepo.findById(id))
-  );
-
-const saveUser = (user: User): RTE.ReaderTaskEither<AppEnv, Error, void> =>
-  pipe(
-    ask,
-    RTE.flatMapTaskEither((env) => env.userRepo.save(user))
-  );
-
-const sendEmail = (
-  to: string,
-  subject: string,
-  body: string
-): RTE.ReaderTaskEither<AppEnv, Error, void> =>
-  pipe(
-    ask,
-    RTE.flatMapTaskEither((env) => env.emailService.send(to, subject, body))
-  );
-
-// The updateEmail function using Reader composition
-const updateEmail = (
-  userId: string,
-  newEmail: string
-): RTE.ReaderTaskEither<AppEnv, Error, void> =>
-  pipe(
-    logInfo(`Updating email for user ${userId}`),
-    RTE.flatMap(() => findUser(userId)),
-    RTE.flatMap((user) => {
-      if (!user) {
-        return pipe(
-          logError(`User ${userId} not found`),
-          RTE.flatMap(() => RTE.left(new Error(`User ${userId} not found`)))
-        );
-      }
-      const oldEmail = user.email;
-      const updatedUser = { ...user, email: newEmail };
-
-      return pipe(
-        saveUser(updatedUser),
-        RTE.flatMap(() =>
-          sendEmail(
-            oldEmail,
-            'Email Changed',
-            `Your email has been changed to ${newEmail}`
-          )
-        ),
-        RTE.flatMap(() => logInfo(`Email updated for user ${userId}`))
-      );
-    })
-  );
-
-// Build the environment
-const createAppEnv = (): AppEnv => ({
-  logger: {
-    log: (msg) => console.log(`[INFO] ${msg}`),
-    error: (msg) => console.error(`[ERROR] ${msg}`),
-  },
-  userRepo: {
-    findById: (id) => TE.tryCatch(
-      () => postgresClient.query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1', [id]),
-      (e) => new Error(String(e))
-    ),
-    save: (user) => TE.tryCatch(
-      () => postgresClient.query('UPDATE users SET email = $1 WHERE id = $2', [user.email, user.id]),
-      (e) => new Error(String(e))
-    ),
-  },
-  emailService: {
-    send: (to, subject, body) => TE.tryCatch(
-      () => smtpClient.send({ to, subject, body }),
-      (e) => new Error(String(e))
-    ),
-  },
-});
-
-// Run the program
-const main = async () => {
-  const env = createAppEnv();
-  const result = await updateEmail('user-123', 'new@email.com')(env)();
-
-  pipe(
-    result,
-    E.match(
-      (error) => console.error('Failed:', error),
-      () => console.log('Success!')
-    )
-  );
-};
-```
-
-### Testing with Reader
-
-```typescript
-// Easy to test with mock environment
-const createTestEnv = (): AppEnv => {
-  const logs: string[] = [];
-  const savedUsers: User[] = [];
-  const sentEmails: Array<{ to: string; subject: string; body: string }> = [];
-
-  return {
-    logger: {
-      log: (msg) => logs.push(`[INFO] ${msg}`),
-      error: (msg) => logs.push(`[ERROR] ${msg}`),
-    },
-    userRepo: {
-      findById: (id) =>
-        TE.right(id === 'existing-user' ? { id, email: 'old@email.com', name: 'Test' } : null),
-      save: (user) => {
-        savedUsers.push(user);
-        return TE.right(undefined);
-      },
-    },
-    emailService: {
-      send: (to, subject, body) => {
-        sentEmails.push({ to, subject, body });
-        return TE.right(undefined);
-      },
-    },
-  };
-};
-
-// Test
-describe('updateEmail', () => {
-  it('should update email and send notification', async () => {
-    const env = createTestEnv();
-    const result = await updateEmail('existing-user', 'new@email.com')(env)();
-
-    expect(E.isRight(result)).toBe(true);
-    // Assert on captured side effects
-  });
-});
-```
-
----
-
-## 5. Converting imperative loops to functional operations
-
-### Pattern: for loops to map/filter/reduce
-
-#### Before (Imperative)
-
-```typescript
-interface Product {
-  id: string;
-  name: string;
-  price: number;
-  category: string;
-  inStock: boolean;
-}
-
-function processProducts(products: Product[]): {
-  totalValue: number;
-  categoryCounts: Record<string, number>;
-  expensiveProducts: string[];
-} {
-  let totalValue = 0;
-  const categoryCounts: Record<string, number> = {};
-  const expensiveProducts: string[] = [];
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < products.length; i++) {
-    const product = products[i];
-
-    // Skip out of stock
-    if (!product.inStock) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // Sum total value
-    totalValue += product.price;
-
-    // Count categories
-    if (categoryCounts[product.category] === undefined) {
-      categoryCounts[product.category] = 0;
-    }
-    categoryCounts[product.category]++;
-
-    // Collect expensive products
-    if (product.price > 100) {
-      expensiveProducts.push(product.name);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return { totalValue, categoryCounts, expensiveProducts };
-}
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts functional operations)
-
-```typescript
-import * as A from 'fp-ts/Array';
-import * as R from 'fp-ts/Record';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-import * as N from 'fp-ts/number';
-import * as Monoid from 'fp-ts/Monoid';
-
-const processProducts = (products: Product[]) => {
-  const inStockProducts = pipe(
-    products,
-    A.filter((p) => p.inStock)
-  );
-
-  const totalValue = pipe(
-    inStockProducts,
-    A.map((p) => p.price),
-    A.reduce(0, (acc, price) => acc + price)
-  );
-
-  const categoryCounts = pipe(
-    inStockProducts,
-    A.reduce({} as Record<string, number>, (acc, product) => ({
-      ...acc,
-      [product.category]: (acc[product.category] ?? 0) + 1,
-    }))
-  );
-
-  const expensiveProducts = pipe(
-    inStockProducts,
-    A.filter((p) => p.price > 100),
-    A.map((p) => p.name)
-  );
-
-  return { totalValue, categoryCounts, expensiveProducts };
-};
-
-// Or using a single pass with foldMap for efficiency
-import { Monoid as M } from 'fp-ts/Monoid';
-
-interface ProductStats {
-  totalValue: number;
-  categoryCounts: Record<string, number>;
-  expensiveProducts: string[];
-}
-
-const productStatsMonoid: M<ProductStats> = {
-  empty: { totalValue: 0, categoryCounts: {}, expensiveProducts: [] },
-  concat: (a, b) => ({
-    totalValue: a.totalValue + b.totalValue,
-    categoryCounts: pipe(
-      a.categoryCounts,
-      R.union({ concat: (x, y) => x + y })(b.categoryCounts)
-    ),
-    expensiveProducts: [...a.expensiveProducts, ...b.expensiveProducts],
-  }),
-};
-
-const processProductsSinglePass = (products: Product[]): ProductStats =>
-  pipe(
-    products,
-    A.filter((p) => p.inStock),
-    A.foldMap(productStatsMonoid)((product) => ({
-      totalValue: product.price,
-      categoryCounts: { [product.category]: 1 },
-      expensiveProducts: product.price > 100 ? [product.name] : [],
-    }))
-  );
-```
-
-### Pattern: Nested loops to flatMap
-
-#### Before (Imperative)
-
-```typescript
-interface Order {
-  id: string;
-  items: OrderItem[];
-}
-
-interface OrderItem {
-  productId: string;
-  quantity: number;
-}
-
-function getAllProductIds(orders: Order[]): string[] {
-  const productIds: string[] = [];
-
-  for (const order of orders) {
-    for (const item of order.items) {
-      if (!productIds.includes(item.productId)) {
-        productIds.push(item.productId);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return productIds;
-}
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts)
-
-```typescript
-import * as A from 'fp-ts/Array';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-import * as S from 'fp-ts/Set';
-import * as Str from 'fp-ts/string';
-
-const getAllProductIds = (orders: Order[]): string[] =>
-  pipe(
-    orders,
-    A.flatMap((order) => order.items),
-    A.map((item) => item.productId),
-    A.uniq(Str.Eq)
-  );
-
-// Or using Set for better performance with large datasets
-const getAllProductIdsSet = (orders: Order[]): Set<string> =>
-  pipe(
-    orders,
-    A.flatMap((order) => order.items),
-    A.map((item) => item.productId),
-    (ids) => new Set(ids)
-  );
-```
-
-### Pattern: while loops to recursion/unfold
-
-#### Before (Imperative)
-
-```typescript
-function paginate<T>(
-  fetchPage: (cursor: string | null) => Promise<{ items: T[]; nextCursor: string | null }>
-): Promise<T[]> {
-  const allItems: T[] = [];
-  let cursor: string | null = null;
-
-  while (true) {
-    const { items, nextCursor } = await fetchPage(cursor);
-    allItems.push(...items);
-
-    if (nextCursor === null) {
-      break;
-    }
-    cursor = nextCursor;
-  }
-
-  return allItems;
-}
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts)
-
-```typescript
-import * as TE from 'fp-ts/TaskEither';
-import * as A from 'fp-ts/Array';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-interface Page<T> {
-  items: T[];
-  nextCursor: string | null;
-}
-
-const paginate = <T>(
-  fetchPage: (cursor: string | null) => TE.TaskEither<Error, Page<T>>
-): TE.TaskEither<Error, T[]> => {
-  const go = (
-    cursor: string | null,
-    accumulated: T[]
-  ): TE.TaskEither<Error, T[]> =>
-    pipe(
-      fetchPage(cursor),
-      TE.flatMap(({ items, nextCursor }) => {
-        const newAccumulated = [...accumulated, ...items];
-        return nextCursor === null
-          ? TE.right(newAccumulated)
-          : go(nextCursor, newAccumulated);
-      })
-    );
-
-  return go(null, []);
-};
-
-// Using unfold for generating sequences
-import * as RA from 'fp-ts/ReadonlyArray';
-
-const range = (start: number, end: number): readonly number[] =>
-  RA.unfold(start, (n) => (n <= end ? O.some([n, n + 1]) : O.none));
-```
-
----
-
-## 6. Migrating Promise chains to TaskEither
-
-### Pattern: Promise.then chains to pipe
-
-#### Before (Imperative)
-
-```typescript
-function fetchUserData(userId: string): Promise<UserProfile> {
-  return fetch(`/api/users/${userId}`)
-    .then((response) => {
-      if (!response.ok) {
-        throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
-      }
-      return response.json();
-    })
-    .then((data) => validateUserData(data))
-    .then((validData) => enrichUserProfile(validData))
-    .catch((error) => {
-      console.error('Failed to fetch user data:', error);
-      throw error;
-    });
-}
-
-// Chained promises with conditionals
-function processOrder(orderId: string): Promise<OrderResult> {
-  return getOrder(orderId)
-    .then((order) => {
-      if (order.status === 'cancelled') {
-        throw new Error('Order is cancelled');
-      }
-      return order;
-    })
-    .then((order) => validateInventory(order))
-    .then((validOrder) => processPayment(validOrder))
-    .then((paidOrder) => shipOrder(paidOrder))
-    .catch((error) => {
-      logError(error);
-      return { success: false, error: error.message };
-    });
-}
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts TaskEither)
-
-```typescript
-import * as TE from 'fp-ts/TaskEither';
-import * as E from 'fp-ts/Either';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-const fetchUserData = (userId: string): TE.TaskEither<Error, UserProfile> =>
-  pipe(
-    TE.tryCatch(
-      () => fetch(`/api/users/${userId}`),
-      (e) => new Error(`Network error: ${e}`)
-    ),
-    TE.flatMap((response) =>
-      response.ok
-        ? TE.tryCatch(
-            () => response.json(),
-            (e) => new Error(`Parse error: ${e}`)
-          )
-        : TE.left(new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`))
-    ),
-    TE.flatMap((data) => TE.fromEither(validateUserData(data))),
-    TE.flatMap((validData) => enrichUserProfile(validData))
-  );
-
-// Conditionals are explicit
-const processOrder = (orderId: string): TE.TaskEither<Error, OrderResult> =>
-  pipe(
-    getOrder(orderId),
-    TE.filterOrElse(
-      (order) => order.status !== 'cancelled',
-      () => new Error('Order is cancelled')
-    ),
-    TE.flatMap(validateInventory),
-    TE.flatMap(processPayment),
-    TE.flatMap(shipOrder),
-    TE.map((shipped) => ({ success: true, order: shipped })),
-    TE.orElse((error) =>
-      pipe(
-        TE.fromIO(() => logError(error)),
-        TE.map(() => ({ success: false, error: error.message }))
-      )
-    )
-  );
-```
-
-### Pattern: Promise.all to traverse
-
-#### Before (Imperative)
-
-```typescript
-async function fetchAllUsers(ids: string[]): Promise<User[]> {
-  const promises = ids.map((id) => fetchUser(id));
-  return Promise.all(promises);
-}
-
-// With error handling for individual items
-async function fetchUsersWithFallback(ids: string[]): Promise<Array<User | null>> {
-  const promises = ids.map(async (id) => {
-    try {
-      return await fetchUser(id);
-    } catch {
-      return null;
-    }
-  });
-  return Promise.all(promises);
-}
-```
-
-#### After (fp-ts)
-
-```typescript
-import * as TE from 'fp-ts/TaskEither';
-import * as A from 'fp-ts/Array';
-import * as T from 'fp-ts/Task';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-// Parallel execution - fails fast on first error
-const fetchAllUsers = (ids: string[]): TE.TaskEither<Error, User[]> =>
-  pipe(
-    ids,
-    A.traverse(TE.ApplicativePar)(fetchUser)
-  );
-
-// Sequential execution
-const fetchAllUsersSequential = (ids: string[]): TE.TaskEither<Error, User[]> =>
-  pipe(
-    ids,
-    A.traverse(TE.ApplicativeSeq)(fetchUser)
-  );
-
-// Collect successes, ignore failures (using Task instead of TaskEither)
-const fetchUsersWithFallback = (ids: string[]): T.Task<Array<User | null>> =>
-  pipe(
-    ids,
-    A.traverse(T.ApplicativePar)((id) =>
-      pipe(
-        fetchUser(id),
-        TE.match(
-          () => null,
-          (user) => user
-        )
-      )
-    )
-  );
-
-// Or keep track of which failed
-const fetchUsersPartitioned = (
-  ids: string[]
-): T.Task<{ successes: User[]; failures: Array<{ id: string; error: Error }> }> =>
-  pipe(
-    ids,
-    A.traverse(T.ApplicativePar)((id) =>
-      pipe(
-        fetchUser(id),
-        TE.bimap(
-          (error) => ({ id, error }),
-          (user) => user
-        ),
-        (te) => te
-      )
-    ),
-    T.map(A.separate),
-    T.map(({ left: failures, right: successes }) => ({ successes, failures }))
-  );
-```
-
-### Pattern: Promise.race to alternative
-
-```typescript
-import * as TE from 'fp-ts/TaskEither';
-import * as T from 'fp-ts/Task';
-import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function';
-
-// Race - first to complete wins
-const raceTaskEithers = <E, A>(
-  tasks: Array<TE.TaskEither<E, A>>
-): TE.TaskEither<E, A> =>
-  () => Promise.race(tasks.map((te) => te()));
-
-// Try alternatives on failure (like Promise.any but typed)
-const tryAlternatives = <E, A>(
-  primary: TE.TaskEither<E, A>,
-  fallback: TE.TaskEither<E, A>
-): TE.TaskEither<E, A> =>
-  pipe(
-    primary,
-    TE.orElse(() => fallback)
-  );
-
-// Chain of fallbacks
-const withFallbacks = <E, A>(
-  tasks: Array<TE.TaskEither<E, A>>
-): TE.TaskEither<E, A> =>
-  tasks.reduce((acc, task) => pipe(acc, TE.orElse(() => task)));
-```
-
----
-
-## 7. Common Pitfalls
-
-### Pitfall 1: Forgetting to run Tasks
-
-```typescript
-// WRONG: Task is not executed
-const fetchData = (): TE.TaskEither<Error, Data> => /* ... */;
-const result = fetchData(); // This is still a Task, not the result!
-
-// CORRECT: Execute the Task
-const result = await fetchData()(); // Note the double invocation
-```
-
-### Pitfall 2: Mixing async/await with fp-ts incorrectly
-
-```typescript
-// WRONG: Breaking out of the fp-ts ecosystem
-const processData = async (input: string): Promise<Result> => {
-  const parsed = parseInput(input); // Returns Either
-  if (E.isLeft(parsed)) {
-    throw new Error(parsed.left.message); // Don't do this!
-  }
-  return await fetchData(parsed.right)();
-};
-
-// CORRECT: Stay in the ecosystem
-const processData = (input: string): TE.TaskEither<Error, Result> =>
-  pipe(
-    parseInput(input),
-    TE.fromEither,
-    TE.flatMap(fetchData)
-  );
-```
-
-### Pitfall 3: Using map when flatMap is needed
-
-```typescript
-// WRONG: Results in nested Either
-const result: E.Either<Error, E.Either<Error, User>> = pipe(
-  parseUserId(input), // E.Either<Error, string>
-  E.map(fetchUser) // Returns E.Either<Error, User>, so we get nested Either
-);
-
-// CORRECT: Use flatMap to flatten
-const result: E.Either<Error, User> = pipe(
-  parseUserId(input),
-  E.flatMap(fetchUser)
-);
-```
-
-### Pitfall 4: Losing error information
-
-```typescript
-// WRONG: Original error context is lost
-const fetchData = (): TE.TaskEither<Error, Data> =>
-  pipe(
-    TE.tryCatch(
-      () => fetch('/api/data'),
-      () => new Error('Failed') // Lost the original error!
-    )
-  );
-
-// CORRECT: Preserve error context
-const fetchData = (): TE.TaskEither<Error, Data> =>
-  pipe(
-    TE.tryCatch(
-      () => fetch('/api/data'),
-      (reason) => new Error(`Network request failed: ${reason}`)
-    )
-  );
-
-// BETTER: Use typed errors
-type FetchError =
-  | { _tag: 'NetworkError'; cause: unknown }
-  | { _tag: 'ParseError'; cause: unknown }
-  | { _tag: 'ValidationError'; message: string };
-
-const fetchData = (): TE.TaskEither<FetchError, Data> =>
-  pipe(
-    TE.tryCatch(
-      () => fetch('/api/data'),
-      (cause): FetchError => ({ _tag: 'NetworkError', cause })
-    ),
-    TE.flatMap((response) =>
-      TE.tryCatch(
-        () => response.json(),
-        (cause): FetchError => ({ _tag: 'ParseError', cause })
-      )
-    )
-  );
-```
-
-### Pitfall 5: Overusing fromNullable
-
-```typescript
-// WRONG: Unnecessary wrapping and unwrapping
-const getName = (user: User | null): string => {
-  const optUser = O.fromNullable(user);
-  const name = pipe(optUser, O.map(u => u.name), O.toNullable);
-  return name ?? 'Unknown';
-};
-
-// CORRECT: Use Option only when you need its composition benefits
-const getName = (user: User | null): string => user?.name ?? 'Unknown';
-
-// BETTER: Use Option when chaining multiple operations
-const getManagerName = (user: User | null): O.Option<string> =>
-  pipe(
-    O.fromNullable(user),
-    O.flatMap(u => O.fromNullable(u.manager)),
-    O.map(m => m.name)
-  );
-```
-
-### Pitfall 6: Not handling the left case
-
-```typescript
-// WRONG: Ignoring potential errors
-const processUser = (input: string): User => {
-  const result = parseUser(input); // E.Either<Error, User>
-  return (result as E.Right<User>).right; // Unsafe cast!
-};
-
-// CORRECT: Always handle both cases
-const processUser = (input: string): User =>
-  pipe(
-    parseUser(input),
-    E.getOrElse((error) => {
-      console.error('Parse failed:', error);
-      return defaultUser;
-    })
-  );
-```
-
----
-
-## 8. Gradual Adoption Strategies
-
-### Strategy 1: Start at the Boundaries
-
-Begin by converting functions at the edges of your system:
-- API response handlers
-- Database query results
-- File system operations
-- User input validation
-
-```typescript
-// Wrap external API calls first
-const fetchUserApi = (id: string): TE.TaskEither<ApiError, UserDto> =>
-  pipe(
-    TE.tryCatch(
-      () => externalApiClient.getUser(id),
-      (e) => ({ type: 'api_error' as const, cause: e })
-    )
-  );
-
-// Internal code can stay imperative initially
-async function handleUserRequest(userId: string) {
-  const result = await fetchUserApi(userId)();
-  if (E.isRight(result)) {
-    // Process user with existing code
-    return processUser(result.right);
-  } else {
-    throw new Error(`API error: ${result.left.type}`);
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Strategy 2: Create Bridge Functions
-
-Build helpers to convert between fp-ts and imperative code:
-
-```typescript
-// Bridge from Either to thrown errors
-const unsafeUnwrap = <E, A>(either: E.Either<E, A>): A =>
-  pipe(
-    either,
-    E.getOrElseW((e) => {
-      throw e instanceof Error ? e : new Error(String(e));
-    })
-  );
-
-// Bridge from thrown errors to Either
-const catchSync = <A>(f: () => A): E.Either<Error, A> =>
-  E.tryCatch(f, (e) => (e instanceof Error ? e : new Error(String(e))));
-
-// Bridge from Promise to TaskEither
-const fromPromise = <A>(p: Promise<A>): TE.TaskEither<Error, A> =>
-  TE.tryCatch(() => p, (e) => (e instanceof Error ? e : new Error(String(e))));
-
-// Bridge from TaskEither to Promise (throws on Left)
-const toPromise = <E, A>(te: TE.TaskEither<E, A>): Promise<A> =>
-  te().then(E.getOrElseW((e) => { throw e; }));
-```
-
-### Strategy 3: Module-by-Module Migration
-
-1. **Pick a module** with clear boundaries
-2. **Add fp-ts types** to internal functions
-3. **Keep external API unchanged** initially
-4. **Test thoroughly** before moving on
-5. **Update external API** once internals are stable
-
-```typescript
-// Phase 1: Internal functions use fp-ts
-// File: user-service.internal.ts
-export const validateUser = (data: unknown): E.Either<ValidationError, User> => /* ... */;
-export const enrichUser = (user: User): TE.TaskEither<Error, EnrichedUser> => /* ... */;
-
-// File: user-service.ts (public API unchanged)
-export async function getUser(id: string): Promise<User> {
-  const result = await pipe(
-    fetchUser(id),
-    TE.flatMap(validateUser >>> TE.fromEither),
-    TE.flatMap(enrichUser)
-  )();
-
-  if (E.isLeft(result)) {
-    throw result.left;
-  }
-  return result.right;
-}
-
-// Phase 2: Update public API
-// File: user-service.ts
-export const getUser = (id: string): TE.TaskEither<UserError, User> =>
-  pipe(
-    fetchUser(id),
-    TE.flatMap(validateUser >>> TE.fromEither),
-    TE.flatMap(enrichUser)
-  );
-```
-
-### Strategy 4: Type-Driven Development
-
-Use TypeScript's type system to guide the migration:
-
-```typescript
-// Step 1: Change type signature first
-type OldGetUser = (id: string) => Promise<User | null>;
-type NewGetUser = (id: string) => TE.TaskEither<UserError, User>;
-
-// Step 2: Compiler will show all call sites that need updating
-const getUser: NewGetUser = (id) => /* implement */;
-
-// Step 3: Update call sites one by one
-// The compiler ensures you handle all cases
-```
-
-### Strategy 5: Testing as Documentation
-
-Write tests that demonstrate the expected behavior:
-
-```typescript
-describe('UserService', () => {
-  describe('getUser (fp-ts)', () => {
-    it('returns Right with user on success', async () => {
-      const result = await getUser('valid-id')();
-      expect(E.isRight(result)).toBe(true);
-      if (E.isRight(result)) {
-        expect(result.right.id).toBe('valid-id');
-      }
-    });
-
-    it('returns Left with NotFound error for unknown id', async () => {
-      const result = await getUser('unknown')();
-      expect(E.isLeft(result)).toBe(true);
-      if (E.isLeft(result)) {
-        expect(result.left._tag).toBe('NotFound');
-      }
-    });
-  });
-});
-```
-
----
-
-## 9. When NOT to Refactor
-
-### Simple Synchronous Code
-
-Don't refactor straightforward code that doesn't benefit from fp-ts:
-
-```typescript
-// This is fine as-is
-function formatName(first: string, last: string): string {
-  return `${first} ${last}`;
-}
-
-// Don't do this - it adds complexity without benefit
-const formatName = (first: string, last: string): string =>
-  pipe(
-    first,
-    (f) => `${f} ${last}`
-  );
-```
-
-### Performance-Critical Loops
-
-fp-ts operations create intermediate arrays. For hot paths, keep imperative code:
-
-```typescript
-// Keep this for performance-critical code processing millions of items
-function sumLargeArray(numbers: number[]): number {
-  let sum = 0;
-  for (let i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
-    sum += numbers[i];
-  }
-  return sum;
-}
-
-// This creates intermediate arrays
-const sumWithFpts = (numbers: number[]): number =>
-  pipe(numbers, A.reduce(0, (acc, n) => acc + n));
-```
-
-### Third-Party Library Interfaces
-
-When working with libraries that expect specific patterns:
-
-```typescript
-// Express middleware must match Express's interface
-app.get('/users/:id', async (req, res) => {
-  // Keep imperative here, convert at boundaries
-  const result = await getUser(req.params.id)();
-
-  if (E.isLeft(result)) {
-    res.status(404).json({ error: result.left.message });
-  } else {
-    res.json(result.right);
-  }
-});
-```
-
-### Code Touched by Non-FP Team Members
-
-If your team isn't familiar with fp-ts, forced adoption will hurt productivity:
-
-```typescript
-// If team doesn't know fp-ts, this is harder to maintain
-const processOrder = (order: Order): TE.TaskEither<Error, Result> =>
-  pipe(
-    validateOrder(order),
-    TE.fromEither,
-    TE.flatMap(enrichOrder),
-    TE.flatMap(submitOrder)
-  );
-
-// Familiar to all TypeScript developers
-async function processOrder(order: Order): Promise<Result> {
-  const validated = validateOrder(order);
-  if (!validated.success) {
-    throw new Error(validated.error);
-  }
-  const enriched = await enrichOrder(validated.data);
-  return await submitOrder(enriched);
-}
-```
-
-### Trivial Null Checks
-
-Don't use Option for simple, one-off null checks:
-
-```typescript
-// This is fine
-const name = user?.name ?? 'Anonymous';
-
-// Overkill for simple cases
-const name = pipe(
-  O.fromNullable(user),
-  O.map((u) => u.name),
-  O.getOrElse(() => 'Anonymous')
-);
-```
-
-### When the Error Type Doesn't Matter
-
-If you're going to throw/log anyway and don't need error composition:
-
-```typescript
-// If this is your error handling anyway...
-try {
-  await doSomething();
-} catch (e) {
-  logger.error(e);
-  throw e;
-}
-
-// ...then Either doesn't add much value
-const result = await doSomethingTE()();
-if (E.isLeft(result)) {
-  logger.error(result.left);
-  throw result.left;
-}
-```
-
-### Test Code
-
-Test code should be readable, not necessarily functional:
-
-```typescript
-// Clear test code
-describe('UserService', () => {
-  it('creates a user', async () => {
-    const user = await createUser({ name: 'Alice' });
-    expect(user.name).toBe('Alice');
-  });
-});
-
-// Unnecessarily complex
-describe('UserService', () => {
-  it('creates a user', async () => {
-    await pipe(
-      createUser({ name: 'Alice' }),
-      TE.map((user) => expect(user.name).toBe('Alice')),
-      TE.getOrElse(() => T.of(fail('Should not fail')))
-    )();
-  });
-});
-```
-
----
-
-## Quick Reference: Imperative to fp-ts Mapping
-
-| Imperative Pattern | fp-ts Equivalent |
-|-------------------|------------------|
-| `try { } catch { }` | `E.tryCatch()`, `TE.tryCatch()` |
-| `throw new Error()` | `E.left()`, `TE.left()` |
-| `return value` | `E.right()`, `TE.right()` |
-| `if (x === null)` | `O.fromNullable()`, `O.isNone()` |
-| `x ?? defaultValue` | `O.getOrElse()` |
-| `x?.property` | `O.map()`, `O.flatMap()` |
-| `array.map()` | `A.map()` |
-| `array.filter()` | `A.filter()` |
-| `array.reduce()` | `A.reduce()`, `A.foldMap()` |
-| `array.find()` | `A.findFirst()` |
-| `array.flatMap()` | `A.flatMap()` |
-| `Promise.then()` | `TE.map()`, `TE.flatMap()` |
-| `Promise.catch()` | `TE.orElse()`, `TE.mapLeft()` |
-| `Promise.all()` | `A.traverse(TE.ApplicativePar)` |
-| `async/await` | `TE.flatMap()` chain |
-| `new Class(deps)` | `R.asks()`, `RTE.ask()` |
-| `for...of` | `A.map()`, `A.reduce()` |
-| `while` | Recursion, `unfold()` |
-
----
-
-## Summary
-
-Migrating to fp-ts is a journey, not a destination. Key principles:
-
-1. **Start small**: Convert individual functions, not entire codebases
-2. **Be pragmatic**: Not everything needs to be functional
-3. **Type-driven**: Let the compiler guide your refactoring
-4. **Test thoroughly**: Each conversion should be verified
-5. **Document patterns**: Create team-specific guides for your codebase
-6. **Review benefits**: Ensure the added complexity provides value
-
-The goal is more maintainable, type-safe code—not functional programming for its own sake.
-
 ## Limitations
 - Use this skill only when the task clearly matches the scope described above.
 - Do not treat the output as a substitute for environment-specific validation, testing, or expert review.