@blamejs/core 0.7.18 → 0.7.19

package/lib/db-declare-view.js

@@ -1,420 +1,420 @@
-"use strict";
-/**
- * b.db.declareView — declarative view + GRANT migration spec.
- *
- * Returns a migration-shape object that b.externalDb.migrate(...) applies
- * against a Postgres backend. The view exposes a deliberately-narrowed
- * column projection of the source table — sensitive columns are dropped
- * (redactColumns), sealed columns are auto-omitted (operator declares
- * via sealedColumns; a future externalDb sealed-fields registry will
- * make this automatic), and existing derived hash columns can be
- * exposed in place of their plaintext source via hashColumns.
- *
- * Postgres-only: SQLite has no GRANT semantics; MySQL's CREATE VIEW
- * grammar differs and isn't covered. Apply throws NOT_SUPPORTED at
- * migration-apply time when the targeted backend's dialect isn't
- * "postgres" so operators see the failure cause clearly.
- *
- * Public API (b.db.declareView):
- *
- *   var mig = b.db.declareView({
- *     schema:         "analytics",          // target schema
- *     name:           "sessions",           // view name
- *     source:         "public.sessions",    // schema.table OR ["public","sessions"]
- *     redactColumns:  ["ssn", "diagnosis"], // dropped from view
- *     sealedColumns:  ["secrets_jsonb"],    // operator-declared sealed cols (auto-omit)
- *     hashColumns:    { emailHash: "email" },// hide source plaintext, keep hash
- *     whereClause:    "deleted_at IS NULL", // optional filter
- *     grantTo:        ["analytics_user"],   // roles that get SELECT
- *     backend:        "main",               // optional — defaults to default backend
- *   });
- *
- *   // mig is a migration-shape object: { description, target, backend, up, down }
- *   // Place it in a migration file:
- *   //   module.exports = mig;
- *   // and run b.externalDb.migrate.create({ dir }).up();
- *
- * Validation runs at migration apply (not declare) time so source-column
- * existence and role existence checks query the live database. Operator
- * typos surface as clear errors at the migrate command, not as silent
- * empty views or grant-to-nonexistent-role footguns.
- *
- * Throw at declareView() call time on:
- *   - schema, name, source segments → safeSql.validateIdentifier
- *   - column names in redactColumns / sealedColumns / hashColumns →
- *     safeSql.validateIdentifier
- *   - role names in grantTo → safeSql.validateIdentifier
- *   - whereClause stays operator-supplied SQL (the framework cannot
- *     validate arbitrary expressions); it interpolates as-is into the
- *     migration text. Operators wrap any literal values inside
- *     whereClause via standard SQL quoting.
- *
- * Audit metadata emitted on apply:
- *   {
- *     view:                "schema.name",
- *     source:              "schema.table",
- *     selectedColumns:     [string],
- *     redactedColumns:     [string],   // intersection of redactColumns & source
- *     autoExcludedSealed:  [string],   // sealedColumns members found in source
- *     hashedColumns:       { aliasOrHashCol: srcCol },
- *     grantedTo:           [string],
- *   }
- */
-var safeSql = require("./safe-sql");
-var validateOpts = require("./validate-opts");
-var { defineClass } = require("./framework-error");
-
-var DeclareViewError = defineClass("DeclareViewError", { alwaysPermanent: true });
-
-var ALLOWED_OPTS = [
-  "schema", "name", "source",
-  "redactColumns", "sealedColumns", "hashColumns",
-  "whereClause", "grantTo", "backend",
-];
-
-function _err(code, message) {
-  return new DeclareViewError(code, message);
-}
-
-function _validateIdent(where, value) {
-  try {
-    safeSql.validateIdentifier(value, { allowReserved: true });
-  } catch (e) {
-    throw _err("declare-view/bad-identifier",
-      where + ": invalid identifier '" + value + "': " + ((e && e.message) || String(e)));
-  }
-}
-
-function _validateStringArray(where, arr, optional) {
-  if (arr === undefined || arr === null) {
-    if (optional) return [];
-    throw _err("declare-view/missing-opt", where + " is required");
-  }
-  if (!Array.isArray(arr)) {
-    throw _err("declare-view/bad-type", where + " must be an array of strings");
-  }
-  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-    if (typeof arr[i] !== "string" || arr[i].length === 0) {
-      throw _err("declare-view/bad-entry",
-        where + "[" + i + "] must be a non-empty string");
-    }
-  }
-  return arr.slice();
-}
-
-function _parseSource(source) {
-  // Accepts "schema.table" or ["schema", "table"] or "table" (defaults to public).
-  var parts;
-  if (typeof source === "string") {
-    if (source.length === 0) {
-      throw _err("declare-view/bad-source", "source must be a non-empty string or array");
-    }
-    parts = source.split(".");
-  } else if (Array.isArray(source)) {
-    parts = source.slice();
-  } else {
-    throw _err("declare-view/bad-source",
-      "source must be a string ('schema.table') or array (['schema','table']), got " + typeof source);
-  }
-  if (parts.length === 1) parts = ["public", parts[0]];
-  if (parts.length !== 2) {
-    throw _err("declare-view/bad-source",
-      "source must resolve to two segments [schema, table]; got " + parts.length + " segment(s)");
-  }
-  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) _validateIdent("source[" + i + "]", parts[i]);
-  return { schema: parts[0], name: parts[1] };
-}
-
-function _validateOpts(opts) {
-  if (!opts || typeof opts !== "object") {
-    throw _err("declare-view/bad-opts", "declareView requires an opts object");
-  }
-  for (var k in opts) {
-    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(opts, k) && ALLOWED_OPTS.indexOf(k) === -1) {
-      throw _err("declare-view/unknown-opt",
-        "unknown opt '" + k + "'. Allowed: " + ALLOWED_OPTS.join(", "));
-    }
-  }
-
-  validateOpts.requireNonEmptyString(opts.schema, "schema", DeclareViewError, "declare-view/missing-opt");
-  _validateIdent("schema", opts.schema);
-
-  validateOpts.requireNonEmptyString(opts.name, "name", DeclareViewError, "declare-view/missing-opt");
-  _validateIdent("name", opts.name);
-
-  if (opts.source === undefined) {
-    throw _err("declare-view/missing-opt", "source is required");
-  }
-  var src = _parseSource(opts.source);
-
-  var redactColumns = _validateStringArray("redactColumns", opts.redactColumns, true);
-  for (var i = 0; i < redactColumns.length; i++) {
-    _validateIdent("redactColumns[" + i + "]", redactColumns[i]);
-  }
-
-  var sealedColumns = _validateStringArray("sealedColumns", opts.sealedColumns, true);
-  for (var j = 0; j < sealedColumns.length; j++) {
-    _validateIdent("sealedColumns[" + j + "]", sealedColumns[j]);
-  }
-
-  var hashColumns = {};
-  validateOpts.optionalPlainObject(opts.hashColumns, "hashColumns",
-    DeclareViewError, "declare-view/bad-type",
-    "must be an object { aliasOrHashCol: srcCol }");
-  if (opts.hashColumns !== undefined && opts.hashColumns !== null) {
-    for (var hc in opts.hashColumns) {
-      if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(opts.hashColumns, hc)) continue;
-      _validateIdent("hashColumns key '" + hc + "'", hc);
-      var v = opts.hashColumns[hc];
-      if (typeof v !== "string" || v.length === 0) {
-        throw _err("declare-view/bad-entry",
-          "hashColumns['" + hc + "'] must be a non-empty string (the source plaintext column)");
-      }
-      _validateIdent("hashColumns['" + hc + "']", v);
-      hashColumns[hc] = v;
-    }
-  }
-
-  var whereClause = null;
-  if (opts.whereClause !== undefined && opts.whereClause !== null) {
-    if (typeof opts.whereClause !== "string") {
-      throw _err("declare-view/bad-type", "whereClause must be a string");
-    }
-    if (opts.whereClause.indexOf(";") !== -1) {
-      throw _err("declare-view/bad-where",
-        "whereClause must not contain ';' — use a single boolean expression");
-    }
-    whereClause = opts.whereClause;
-  }
-
-  var grantTo = _validateStringArray("grantTo", opts.grantTo, true);
-  for (var g = 0; g < grantTo.length; g++) {
-    _validateIdent("grantTo[" + g + "]", grantTo[g]);
-  }
-
-  if (opts.backend !== undefined && opts.backend !== null) {
-    if (typeof opts.backend !== "string" || opts.backend.length === 0) {
-      throw _err("declare-view/bad-type", "backend must be a non-empty string");
-    }
-  }
-
-  return {
-    schema:         opts.schema,
-    name:           opts.name,
-    source:         src,
-    redactColumns:  redactColumns,
-    sealedColumns:  sealedColumns,
-    hashColumns:    hashColumns,
-    whereClause:    whereClause,
-    grantTo:        grantTo,
-    backend:        opts.backend || null,
-  };
-}
-
-// ---- Apply-time helpers (run inside up()) ----
-
-async function _fetchSourceColumns(xdb, schema, table) {
-  var res = await xdb.query(
-    "SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns " +
-    "WHERE table_schema = $1 AND table_name = $2 " +
-    "ORDER BY ordinal_position ASC",
-    [schema, table]
-  );
-  var rows = (res && res.rows) || [];
-  return rows.map(function (r) { return r.column_name; });
-}
-
-async function _fetchExistingRoles(xdb, names) {
-  if (names.length === 0) return new Set();
-  var placeholders = names.map(function (_, i) { return "$" + (i + 1); }).join(", ");
-  var res = await xdb.query(
-    "SELECT rolname FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname IN (" + placeholders + ")",
-    names
-  );
-  var rows = (res && res.rows) || [];
-  return new Set(rows.map(function (r) { return r.rolname; }));
-}
-
-function _missing(required, available) {
-  var miss = [];
-  for (var i = 0; i < required.length; i++) {
-    if (available.indexOf(required[i]) === -1) miss.push(required[i]);
-  }
-  return miss;
-}
-
-function _buildSelectColumnList(sourceCols, spec) {
-  // Drop set: redactColumns ∩ source, sealedColumns ∩ source, hashColumns.values ∩ source.
-  var dropSet = Object.create(null);
-  for (var i = 0; i < spec.redactColumns.length; i++) dropSet[spec.redactColumns[i]] = true;
-  for (var j = 0; j < spec.sealedColumns.length; j++) dropSet[spec.sealedColumns[j]] = true;
-  for (var hc in spec.hashColumns) dropSet[spec.hashColumns[hc]] = true;
-
-  var kept = [];
-  for (var k = 0; k < sourceCols.length; k++) {
-    if (!dropSet[sourceCols[k]]) kept.push(sourceCols[k]);
-  }
-  return kept;
-}
-
-function _intersectInSource(list, sourceCols) {
-  var srcSet = Object.create(null);
-  for (var i = 0; i < sourceCols.length; i++) srcSet[sourceCols[i]] = true;
-  var out = [];
-  for (var j = 0; j < list.length; j++) {
-    if (srcSet[list[j]]) out.push(list[j]);
-  }
-  return out;
-}
-
-function _ensureBackendIsPostgres(externalDb, backendName) {
-  // externalDb.listBackends() returns { name, dialect, ... } per backend.
-  var list = externalDb.listBackends();
-  var found = null;
-  for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
-    if (list[i].name === backendName) { found = list[i]; break; }
-  }
-  if (!found) {
-    throw _err("declare-view/unknown-backend",
-      "no externalDb backend named '" + backendName + "' — declared backends: " +
-      list.map(function (b) { return b.name; }).join(", "));
-  }
-  if (found.dialect !== "postgres") {
-    throw _err("declare-view/not-supported",
-      "declareView is Postgres-only; backend '" + backendName + "' has dialect='" +
-      found.dialect + "'. Write the view as a hand-rolled migration for this dialect.");
-  }
-}
-
-// ---- The factory ----
-
-function declareView(opts) {
-  var spec = _validateOpts(opts);
-
-  // The migration shape consumed by b.externalDb.migrate. The runner
-  // resolves the backend at apply time (operator may set spec.backend
-  // explicitly OR rely on the migrate runner's default backend).
-  var description = "declareView " + spec.schema + "." + spec.name;
-  var qView   = safeSql.quoteQualified([spec.schema, spec.name], "postgres");
-  var qSource = safeSql.quoteQualified([spec.source.schema, spec.source.name], "postgres");
-
-  async function up(xdb, ctx) {
-    // Boundary throw: confirm we're on Postgres before any DDL leaves the process.
-    if (ctx && ctx.externalDb && ctx.backendName) {
-      _ensureBackendIsPostgres(ctx.externalDb, ctx.backendName);
-    }
-
-    // Live validation — source columns + roles must exist.
-    var sourceCols = await _fetchSourceColumns(xdb, spec.source.schema, spec.source.name);
-    if (sourceCols.length === 0) {
-      throw _err("declare-view/source-not-found",
-        "source table '" + spec.source.schema + "." + spec.source.name +
-        "' has no columns visible (does it exist? does the migration role have SELECT on information_schema.columns?)");
-    }
-
-    var missingRedact = _missing(spec.redactColumns, sourceCols);
-    if (missingRedact.length > 0) {
-      throw _err("declare-view/redact-not-in-source",
-        "redactColumns [" + missingRedact.join(", ") + "] not present on source '" +
-        spec.source.schema + "." + spec.source.name + "'");
-    }
-
-    var missingHashKeys = _missing(Object.keys(spec.hashColumns), sourceCols);
-    if (missingHashKeys.length > 0) {
-      throw _err("declare-view/hash-key-not-in-source",
-        "hashColumns keys [" + missingHashKeys.join(", ") + "] not present on source '" +
-        spec.source.schema + "." + spec.source.name +
-        "' — declare them as derivedHashes on the source schema first");
-    }
-
-    var missingHashSrc = _missing(_objValues(spec.hashColumns), sourceCols);
-    if (missingHashSrc.length > 0) {
-      throw _err("declare-view/hash-source-not-in-source",
-        "hashColumns values [" + missingHashSrc.join(", ") + "] not present on source '" +
-        spec.source.schema + "." + spec.source.name + "'");
-    }
-
-    if (spec.grantTo.length > 0) {
-      var existing = await _fetchExistingRoles(xdb, spec.grantTo);
-      var missingRoles = [];
-      for (var i = 0; i < spec.grantTo.length; i++) {
-        if (!existing.has(spec.grantTo[i])) missingRoles.push(spec.grantTo[i]);
-      }
-      if (missingRoles.length > 0) {
-        throw _err("declare-view/role-not-found",
-          "grantTo roles [" + missingRoles.join(", ") +
-          "] not present in pg_roles — CREATE ROLE them in an earlier migration");
-      }
-    }
-
-    var selectedColumns = _buildSelectColumnList(sourceCols, spec);
-    if (selectedColumns.length === 0) {
-      throw _err("declare-view/empty-select",
-        "view '" + spec.schema + "." + spec.name +
-        "' would have zero columns after redact/sealed/hash exclusions — adjust the spec");
-    }
-
-    // Build CREATE VIEW. Each column is independently quoted so a
-    // reserved-word column name (e.g. "user", "order") resolves correctly.
-    var quotedCols = selectedColumns.map(function (c) {
-      return safeSql.quoteIdentifier(c, "postgres");
-    }).join(", ");
-    var createSql = "CREATE VIEW " + qView + " AS SELECT " + quotedCols +
-                    " FROM " + qSource;
-    if (spec.whereClause) createSql += " WHERE " + spec.whereClause;
-
-    await xdb.query(createSql, []);
-
-    // GRANT SELECT — one statement covers all roles.
-    if (spec.grantTo.length > 0) {
-      var quotedRoles = spec.grantTo.map(function (r) {
-        return safeSql.quoteIdentifier(r, "postgres");
-      }).join(", ");
-      await xdb.query(
-        "GRANT SELECT ON " + qView + " TO " + quotedRoles,
-        []
-      );
-    }
-
-    return {
-      view:                spec.schema + "." + spec.name,
-      source:              spec.source.schema + "." + spec.source.name,
-      selectedColumns:     selectedColumns,
-      redactedColumns:     _intersectInSource(spec.redactColumns, sourceCols),
-      autoExcludedSealed:  _intersectInSource(spec.sealedColumns, sourceCols),
-      hashedColumns:       Object.assign({}, spec.hashColumns),
-      grantedTo:           spec.grantTo.slice(),
-    };
-  }
-
-  async function down(xdb, ctx) {
-    if (ctx && ctx.externalDb && ctx.backendName) {
-      _ensureBackendIsPostgres(ctx.externalDb, ctx.backendName);
-    }
-    await xdb.query("DROP VIEW IF EXISTS " + qView, []);
-  }
-
-  return {
-    description: description,
-    target:      "externalDb",
-    backend:     spec.backend,
-    up:          up,
-    down:        down,
-    // Expose the validated spec for testability — declareView callers
-    // can introspect what the migration will emit without running it.
-    _spec:       spec,
-  };
-}
-
-function _objValues(obj) {
-  var out = [];
-  for (var k in obj) {
-    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, k)) out.push(obj[k]);
-  }
-  return out;
-}
-
-module.exports = {
-  declareView:        declareView,
-  DeclareViewError:   DeclareViewError,
-};
+"use strict";
+/**
+ * b.db.declareView — declarative view + GRANT migration spec.
+ *
+ * Returns a migration-shape object that b.externalDb.migrate(...) applies
+ * against a Postgres backend. The view exposes a deliberately-narrowed
+ * column projection of the source table — sensitive columns are dropped
+ * (redactColumns), sealed columns are auto-omitted (operator declares
+ * via sealedColumns; a future externalDb sealed-fields registry will
+ * make this automatic), and existing derived hash columns can be
+ * exposed in place of their plaintext source via hashColumns.
+ *
+ * Postgres-only: SQLite has no GRANT semantics; MySQL's CREATE VIEW
+ * grammar differs and isn't covered. Apply throws NOT_SUPPORTED at
+ * migration-apply time when the targeted backend's dialect isn't
+ * "postgres" so operators see the failure cause clearly.
+ *
+ * Public API (b.db.declareView):
+ *
+ *   var mig = b.db.declareView({
+ *     schema:         "analytics",          // target schema
+ *     name:           "sessions",           // view name
+ *     source:         "public.sessions",    // schema.table OR ["public","sessions"]
+ *     redactColumns:  ["ssn", "diagnosis"], // dropped from view
+ *     sealedColumns:  ["secrets_jsonb"],    // operator-declared sealed cols (auto-omit)
+ *     hashColumns:    { emailHash: "email" },// hide source plaintext, keep hash
+ *     whereClause:    "deleted_at IS NULL", // optional filter
+ *     grantTo:        ["analytics_user"],   // roles that get SELECT
+ *     backend:        "main",               // optional — defaults to default backend
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // mig is a migration-shape object: { description, target, backend, up, down }
+ *   // Place it in a migration file:
+ *   //   module.exports = mig;
+ *   // and run b.externalDb.migrate.create({ dir }).up();
+ *
+ * Validation runs at migration apply (not declare) time so source-column
+ * existence and role existence checks query the live database. Operator
+ * typos surface as clear errors at the migrate command, not as silent
+ * empty views or grant-to-nonexistent-role footguns.
+ *
+ * Throw at declareView() call time on:
+ *   - schema, name, source segments → safeSql.validateIdentifier
+ *   - column names in redactColumns / sealedColumns / hashColumns →
+ *     safeSql.validateIdentifier
+ *   - role names in grantTo → safeSql.validateIdentifier
+ *   - whereClause stays operator-supplied SQL (the framework cannot
+ *     validate arbitrary expressions); it interpolates as-is into the
+ *     migration text. Operators wrap any literal values inside
+ *     whereClause via standard SQL quoting.
+ *
+ * Audit metadata emitted on apply:
+ *   {
+ *     view:                "schema.name",
+ *     source:              "schema.table",
+ *     selectedColumns:     [string],
+ *     redactedColumns:     [string],   // intersection of redactColumns & source
+ *     autoExcludedSealed:  [string],   // sealedColumns members found in source
+ *     hashedColumns:       { aliasOrHashCol: srcCol },
+ *     grantedTo:           [string],
+ *   }
+ */
+var safeSql = require("./safe-sql");
+var validateOpts = require("./validate-opts");
+var { defineClass } = require("./framework-error");
+
+var DeclareViewError = defineClass("DeclareViewError", { alwaysPermanent: true });
+
+var ALLOWED_OPTS = [
+  "schema", "name", "source",
+  "redactColumns", "sealedColumns", "hashColumns",
+  "whereClause", "grantTo", "backend",
+];
+
+function _err(code, message) {
+  return new DeclareViewError(code, message);
+}
+
+function _validateIdent(where, value) {
+  try {
+    safeSql.validateIdentifier(value, { allowReserved: true });
+  } catch (e) {
+    throw _err("declare-view/bad-identifier",
+      where + ": invalid identifier '" + value + "': " + ((e && e.message) || String(e)));
+  }
+}
+
+function _validateStringArray(where, arr, optional) {
+  if (arr === undefined || arr === null) {
+    if (optional) return [];
+    throw _err("declare-view/missing-opt", where + " is required");
+  }
+  if (!Array.isArray(arr)) {
+    throw _err("declare-view/bad-type", where + " must be an array of strings");
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    if (typeof arr[i] !== "string" || arr[i].length === 0) {
+      throw _err("declare-view/bad-entry",
+        where + "[" + i + "] must be a non-empty string");
+    }
+  }
+  return arr.slice();
+}
+
+function _parseSource(source) {
+  // Accepts "schema.table" or ["schema", "table"] or "table" (defaults to public).
+  var parts;
+  if (typeof source === "string") {
+    if (source.length === 0) {
+      throw _err("declare-view/bad-source", "source must be a non-empty string or array");
+    }
+    parts = source.split(".");
+  } else if (Array.isArray(source)) {
+    parts = source.slice();
+  } else {
+    throw _err("declare-view/bad-source",
+      "source must be a string ('schema.table') or array (['schema','table']), got " + typeof source);
+  }
+  if (parts.length === 1) parts = ["public", parts[0]];
+  if (parts.length !== 2) {
+    throw _err("declare-view/bad-source",
+      "source must resolve to two segments [schema, table]; got " + parts.length + " segment(s)");
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) _validateIdent("source[" + i + "]", parts[i]);
+  return { schema: parts[0], name: parts[1] };
+}
+
+function _validateOpts(opts) {
+  if (!opts || typeof opts !== "object") {
+    throw _err("declare-view/bad-opts", "declareView requires an opts object");
+  }
+  for (var k in opts) {
+    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(opts, k) && ALLOWED_OPTS.indexOf(k) === -1) {
+      throw _err("declare-view/unknown-opt",
+        "unknown opt '" + k + "'. Allowed: " + ALLOWED_OPTS.join(", "));
+    }
+  }
+
+  validateOpts.requireNonEmptyString(opts.schema, "schema", DeclareViewError, "declare-view/missing-opt");
+  _validateIdent("schema", opts.schema);
+
+  validateOpts.requireNonEmptyString(opts.name, "name", DeclareViewError, "declare-view/missing-opt");
+  _validateIdent("name", opts.name);
+
+  if (opts.source === undefined) {
+    throw _err("declare-view/missing-opt", "source is required");
+  }
+  var src = _parseSource(opts.source);
+
+  var redactColumns = _validateStringArray("redactColumns", opts.redactColumns, true);
+  for (var i = 0; i < redactColumns.length; i++) {
+    _validateIdent("redactColumns[" + i + "]", redactColumns[i]);
+  }
+
+  var sealedColumns = _validateStringArray("sealedColumns", opts.sealedColumns, true);
+  for (var j = 0; j < sealedColumns.length; j++) {
+    _validateIdent("sealedColumns[" + j + "]", sealedColumns[j]);
+  }
+
+  var hashColumns = {};
+  validateOpts.optionalPlainObject(opts.hashColumns, "hashColumns",
+    DeclareViewError, "declare-view/bad-type",
+    "must be an object { aliasOrHashCol: srcCol }");
+  if (opts.hashColumns !== undefined && opts.hashColumns !== null) {
+    for (var hc in opts.hashColumns) {
+      if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(opts.hashColumns, hc)) continue;
+      _validateIdent("hashColumns key '" + hc + "'", hc);
+      var v = opts.hashColumns[hc];
+      if (typeof v !== "string" || v.length === 0) {
+        throw _err("declare-view/bad-entry",
+          "hashColumns['" + hc + "'] must be a non-empty string (the source plaintext column)");
+      }
+      _validateIdent("hashColumns['" + hc + "']", v);
+      hashColumns[hc] = v;
+    }
+  }
+
+  var whereClause = null;
+  if (opts.whereClause !== undefined && opts.whereClause !== null) {
+    if (typeof opts.whereClause !== "string") {
+      throw _err("declare-view/bad-type", "whereClause must be a string");
+    }
+    if (opts.whereClause.indexOf(";") !== -1) {
+      throw _err("declare-view/bad-where",
+        "whereClause must not contain ';' — use a single boolean expression");
+    }
+    whereClause = opts.whereClause;
+  }
+
+  var grantTo = _validateStringArray("grantTo", opts.grantTo, true);
+  for (var g = 0; g < grantTo.length; g++) {
+    _validateIdent("grantTo[" + g + "]", grantTo[g]);
+  }
+
+  if (opts.backend !== undefined && opts.backend !== null) {
+    if (typeof opts.backend !== "string" || opts.backend.length === 0) {
+      throw _err("declare-view/bad-type", "backend must be a non-empty string");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    schema:         opts.schema,
+    name:           opts.name,
+    source:         src,
+    redactColumns:  redactColumns,
+    sealedColumns:  sealedColumns,
+    hashColumns:    hashColumns,
+    whereClause:    whereClause,
+    grantTo:        grantTo,
+    backend:        opts.backend || null,
+  };
+}
+
+// ---- Apply-time helpers (run inside up()) ----
+
+async function _fetchSourceColumns(xdb, schema, table) {
+  var res = await xdb.query(
+    "SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns " +
+    "WHERE table_schema = $1 AND table_name = $2 " +
+    "ORDER BY ordinal_position ASC",
+    [schema, table]
+  );
+  var rows = (res && res.rows) || [];
+  return rows.map(function (r) { return r.column_name; });
+}
+
+async function _fetchExistingRoles(xdb, names) {
+  if (names.length === 0) return new Set();
+  var placeholders = names.map(function (_, i) { return "$" + (i + 1); }).join(", ");
+  var res = await xdb.query(
+    "SELECT rolname FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname IN (" + placeholders + ")",
+    names
+  );
+  var rows = (res && res.rows) || [];
+  return new Set(rows.map(function (r) { return r.rolname; }));
+}
+
+function _missing(required, available) {
+  var miss = [];
+  for (var i = 0; i < required.length; i++) {
+    if (available.indexOf(required[i]) === -1) miss.push(required[i]);
+  }
+  return miss;
+}
+
+function _buildSelectColumnList(sourceCols, spec) {
+  // Drop set: redactColumns ∩ source, sealedColumns ∩ source, hashColumns.values ∩ source.
+  var dropSet = Object.create(null);
+  for (var i = 0; i < spec.redactColumns.length; i++) dropSet[spec.redactColumns[i]] = true;
+  for (var j = 0; j < spec.sealedColumns.length; j++) dropSet[spec.sealedColumns[j]] = true;
+  for (var hc in spec.hashColumns) dropSet[spec.hashColumns[hc]] = true;
+
+  var kept = [];
+  for (var k = 0; k < sourceCols.length; k++) {
+    if (!dropSet[sourceCols[k]]) kept.push(sourceCols[k]);
+  }
+  return kept;
+}
+
+function _intersectInSource(list, sourceCols) {
+  var srcSet = Object.create(null);
+  for (var i = 0; i < sourceCols.length; i++) srcSet[sourceCols[i]] = true;
+  var out = [];
+  for (var j = 0; j < list.length; j++) {
+    if (srcSet[list[j]]) out.push(list[j]);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function _ensureBackendIsPostgres(externalDb, backendName) {
+  // externalDb.listBackends() returns { name, dialect, ... } per backend.
+  var list = externalDb.listBackends();
+  var found = null;
+  for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
+    if (list[i].name === backendName) { found = list[i]; break; }
+  }
+  if (!found) {
+    throw _err("declare-view/unknown-backend",
+      "no externalDb backend named '" + backendName + "' — declared backends: " +
+      list.map(function (b) { return b.name; }).join(", "));
+  }
+  if (found.dialect !== "postgres") {
+    throw _err("declare-view/not-supported",
+      "declareView is Postgres-only; backend '" + backendName + "' has dialect='" +
+      found.dialect + "'. Write the view as a hand-rolled migration for this dialect.");
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- The factory ----
+
+function declareView(opts) {
+  var spec = _validateOpts(opts);
+
+  // The migration shape consumed by b.externalDb.migrate. The runner
+  // resolves the backend at apply time (operator may set spec.backend
+  // explicitly OR rely on the migrate runner's default backend).
+  var description = "declareView " + spec.schema + "." + spec.name;
+  var qView   = safeSql.quoteQualified([spec.schema, spec.name], "postgres");
+  var qSource = safeSql.quoteQualified([spec.source.schema, spec.source.name], "postgres");
+
+  async function up(xdb, ctx) {
+    // Boundary throw: confirm we're on Postgres before any DDL leaves the process.
+    if (ctx && ctx.externalDb && ctx.backendName) {
+      _ensureBackendIsPostgres(ctx.externalDb, ctx.backendName);
+    }
+
+    // Live validation — source columns + roles must exist.
+    var sourceCols = await _fetchSourceColumns(xdb, spec.source.schema, spec.source.name);
+    if (sourceCols.length === 0) {
+      throw _err("declare-view/source-not-found",
+        "source table '" + spec.source.schema + "." + spec.source.name +
+        "' has no columns visible (does it exist? does the migration role have SELECT on information_schema.columns?)");
+    }
+
+    var missingRedact = _missing(spec.redactColumns, sourceCols);
+    if (missingRedact.length > 0) {
+      throw _err("declare-view/redact-not-in-source",
+        "redactColumns [" + missingRedact.join(", ") + "] not present on source '" +
+        spec.source.schema + "." + spec.source.name + "'");
+    }
+
+    var missingHashKeys = _missing(Object.keys(spec.hashColumns), sourceCols);
+    if (missingHashKeys.length > 0) {
+      throw _err("declare-view/hash-key-not-in-source",
+        "hashColumns keys [" + missingHashKeys.join(", ") + "] not present on source '" +
+        spec.source.schema + "." + spec.source.name +
+        "' — declare them as derivedHashes on the source schema first");
+    }
+
+    var missingHashSrc = _missing(_objValues(spec.hashColumns), sourceCols);
+    if (missingHashSrc.length > 0) {
+      throw _err("declare-view/hash-source-not-in-source",
+        "hashColumns values [" + missingHashSrc.join(", ") + "] not present on source '" +
+        spec.source.schema + "." + spec.source.name + "'");
+    }
+
+    if (spec.grantTo.length > 0) {
+      var existing = await _fetchExistingRoles(xdb, spec.grantTo);
+      var missingRoles = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < spec.grantTo.length; i++) {
+        if (!existing.has(spec.grantTo[i])) missingRoles.push(spec.grantTo[i]);
+      }
+      if (missingRoles.length > 0) {
+        throw _err("declare-view/role-not-found",
+          "grantTo roles [" + missingRoles.join(", ") +
+          "] not present in pg_roles — CREATE ROLE them in an earlier migration");
+      }
+    }
+
+    var selectedColumns = _buildSelectColumnList(sourceCols, spec);
+    if (selectedColumns.length === 0) {
+      throw _err("declare-view/empty-select",
+        "view '" + spec.schema + "." + spec.name +
+        "' would have zero columns after redact/sealed/hash exclusions — adjust the spec");
+    }
+
+    // Build CREATE VIEW. Each column is independently quoted so a
+    // reserved-word column name (e.g. "user", "order") resolves correctly.
+    var quotedCols = selectedColumns.map(function (c) {
+      return safeSql.quoteIdentifier(c, "postgres");
+    }).join(", ");
+    var createSql = "CREATE VIEW " + qView + " AS SELECT " + quotedCols +
+                    " FROM " + qSource;
+    if (spec.whereClause) createSql += " WHERE " + spec.whereClause;
+
+    await xdb.query(createSql, []);
+
+    // GRANT SELECT — one statement covers all roles.
+    if (spec.grantTo.length > 0) {
+      var quotedRoles = spec.grantTo.map(function (r) {
+        return safeSql.quoteIdentifier(r, "postgres");
+      }).join(", ");
+      await xdb.query(
+        "GRANT SELECT ON " + qView + " TO " + quotedRoles,
+        []
+      );
+    }
+
+    return {
+      view:                spec.schema + "." + spec.name,
+      source:              spec.source.schema + "." + spec.source.name,
+      selectedColumns:     selectedColumns,
+      redactedColumns:     _intersectInSource(spec.redactColumns, sourceCols),
+      autoExcludedSealed:  _intersectInSource(spec.sealedColumns, sourceCols),
+      hashedColumns:       Object.assign({}, spec.hashColumns),
+      grantedTo:           spec.grantTo.slice(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  async function down(xdb, ctx) {
+    if (ctx && ctx.externalDb && ctx.backendName) {
+      _ensureBackendIsPostgres(ctx.externalDb, ctx.backendName);
+    }
+    await xdb.query("DROP VIEW IF EXISTS " + qView, []);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    description: description,
+    target:      "externalDb",
+    backend:     spec.backend,
+    up:          up,
+    down:        down,
+    // Expose the validated spec for testability — declareView callers
+    // can introspect what the migration will emit without running it.
+    _spec:       spec,
+  };
+}
+
+function _objValues(obj) {
+  var out = [];
+  for (var k in obj) {
+    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, k)) out.push(obj[k]);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  declareView:        declareView,
+  DeclareViewError:   DeclareViewError,
+};