wasmtime 20.0.2 → 21.0.1

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-runtime-20.0.2/src/instance.rs

@@ -1,1566 +0,0 @@
-//! An `Instance` contains all the runtime state used by execution of a
-//! wasm module (except its callstack and register state). An
-//! `InstanceHandle` is a reference-counting handle for an `Instance`.
-
-use crate::export::Export;
-use crate::memory::{Memory, RuntimeMemoryCreator};
-use crate::table::{Table, TableElement, TableElementType};
-use crate::vmcontext::{
-    VMBuiltinFunctionsArray, VMContext, VMFuncRef, VMFunctionImport, VMGlobalDefinition,
-    VMGlobalImport, VMMemoryDefinition, VMMemoryImport, VMOpaqueContext, VMRuntimeLimits,
-    VMTableDefinition, VMTableImport,
-};
-use crate::{
-    ExportFunction, ExportGlobal, ExportMemory, ExportTable, GcStore, Imports, ModuleRuntimeInfo,
-    SendSyncPtr, Store, VMFunctionBody, VMGcRef, VMSharedTypeIndex, WasmFault, I31,
-};
-use anyhow::Error;
-use anyhow::Result;
-use sptr::Strict;
-use std::alloc::{self, Layout};
-use std::any::Any;
-use std::ops::Range;
-use std::ptr::NonNull;
-use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::{mem, ptr};
-use wasmtime_environ::ModuleInternedTypeIndex;
-use wasmtime_environ::{
-    packed_option::ReservedValue, DataIndex, DefinedGlobalIndex, DefinedMemoryIndex,
-    DefinedTableIndex, ElemIndex, EntityIndex, EntityRef, EntitySet, FuncIndex, GlobalIndex,
-    GlobalInit, HostPtr, MemoryIndex, MemoryPlan, Module, PrimaryMap, TableElementExpression,
-    TableIndex, TableInitialValue, TableSegmentElements, Trap, VMOffsets, WasmRefType, WasmValType,
-    VMCONTEXT_MAGIC,
-};
-#[cfg(feature = "wmemcheck")]
-use wasmtime_wmemcheck::Wmemcheck;
-
-mod allocator;
-
-pub use allocator::*;
-
-/// A type that roughly corresponds to a WebAssembly instance, but is also used
-/// for host-defined objects.
-///
-/// This structure is is never allocated directly but is instead managed through
-/// an `InstanceHandle`. This structure ends with a `VMContext` which has a
-/// dynamic size corresponding to the `module` configured within. Memory
-/// management of this structure is always externalized.
-///
-/// Instances here can correspond to actual instantiated modules, but it's also
-/// used ubiquitously for host-defined objects. For example creating a
-/// host-defined memory will have a `module` that looks like it exports a single
-/// memory (and similar for other constructs).
-///
-/// This `Instance` type is used as a ubiquitous representation for WebAssembly
-/// values, whether or not they were created on the host or through a module.
-#[repr(C)] // ensure that the vmctx field is last.
-pub struct Instance {
-    /// The runtime info (corresponding to the "compiled module"
-    /// abstraction in higher layers) that is retained and needed for
-    /// lazy initialization. This provides access to the underlying
-    /// Wasm module entities, the compiled JIT code, metadata about
-    /// functions, lazy initialization state, etc.
-    runtime_info: Arc<dyn ModuleRuntimeInfo>,
-
-    /// WebAssembly linear memory data.
-    ///
-    /// This is where all runtime information about defined linear memories in
-    /// this module lives.
-    ///
-    /// The `MemoryAllocationIndex` was given from our `InstanceAllocator` and
-    /// must be given back to the instance allocator when deallocating each
-    /// memory.
-    memories: PrimaryMap<DefinedMemoryIndex, (MemoryAllocationIndex, Memory)>,
-
-    /// WebAssembly table data.
-    ///
-    /// Like memories, this is only for defined tables in the module and
-    /// contains all of their runtime state.
-    ///
-    /// The `TableAllocationIndex` was given from our `InstanceAllocator` and
-    /// must be given back to the instance allocator when deallocating each
-    /// table.
-    tables: PrimaryMap<DefinedTableIndex, (TableAllocationIndex, Table)>,
-
-    /// Stores the dropped passive element segments in this instantiation by index.
-    /// If the index is present in the set, the segment has been dropped.
-    dropped_elements: EntitySet<ElemIndex>,
-
-    /// Stores the dropped passive data segments in this instantiation by index.
-    /// If the index is present in the set, the segment has been dropped.
-    dropped_data: EntitySet<DataIndex>,
-
-    /// Hosts can store arbitrary per-instance information here.
-    ///
-    /// Most of the time from Wasmtime this is `Box::new(())`, a noop
-    /// allocation, but some host-defined objects will store their state here.
-    host_state: Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>,
-
-    /// A pointer to the `vmctx` field at the end of the `Instance`.
-    ///
-    /// If you're looking at this a reasonable question would be "why do we need
-    /// a pointer to ourselves?" because after all the pointer's value is
-    /// trivially derivable from any `&Instance` pointer. The rationale for this
-    /// field's existence is subtle, but it's required for correctness. The
-    /// short version is "this makes miri happy".
-    ///
-    /// The long version of why this field exists is that the rules that MIRI
-    /// uses to ensure pointers are used correctly have various conditions on
-    /// them depend on how pointers are used. More specifically if `*mut T` is
-    /// derived from `&mut T`, then that invalidates all prior pointers drived
-    /// from the `&mut T`. This means that while we liberally want to re-acquire
-    /// a `*mut VMContext` throughout the implementation of `Instance` the
-    /// trivial way, a function `fn vmctx(&mut Instance) -> *mut VMContext`
-    /// would effectively invalidate all prior `*mut VMContext` pointers
-    /// acquired. The purpose of this field is to serve as a sort of
-    /// source-of-truth for where `*mut VMContext` pointers come from.
-    ///
-    /// This field is initialized when the `Instance` is created with the
-    /// original allocation's pointer. That means that the provenance of this
-    /// pointer contains the entire allocation (both instance and `VMContext`).
-    /// This provenance bit is then "carried through" where `fn vmctx` will base
-    /// all returned pointers on this pointer itself. This provides the means of
-    /// never invalidating this pointer throughout MIRI and additionally being
-    /// able to still temporarily have `&mut Instance` methods and such.
-    ///
-    /// It's important to note, though, that this is not here purely for MIRI.
-    /// The careful construction of the `fn vmctx` method has ramifications on
-    /// the LLVM IR generated, for example. A historical CVE on Wasmtime,
-    /// GHSA-ch89-5g45-qwc7, was caused due to relying on undefined behavior. By
-    /// deriving VMContext pointers from this pointer it specifically hints to
-    /// LLVM that trickery is afoot and it properly informs `noalias` and such
-    /// annotations and analysis. More-or-less this pointer is actually loaded
-    /// in LLVM IR which helps defeat otherwise present aliasing optimizations,
-    /// which we want, since writes to this should basically never be optimized
-    /// out.
-    ///
-    /// As a final note it's worth pointing out that the machine code generated
-    /// for accessing `fn vmctx` is still as one would expect. This member isn't
-    /// actually ever loaded at runtime (or at least shouldn't be). Perhaps in
-    /// the future if the memory consumption of this field is a problem we could
-    /// shrink it slightly, but for now one extra pointer per wasm instance
-    /// seems not too bad.
-    vmctx_self_reference: SendSyncPtr<VMContext>,
-
-    // TODO: add support for multiple memories; `wmemcheck_state` corresponds to
-    // memory 0.
-    #[cfg(feature = "wmemcheck")]
-    pub(crate) wmemcheck_state: Option<Wmemcheck>,
-
-    /// Additional context used by compiled wasm code. This field is last, and
-    /// represents a dynamically-sized array that extends beyond the nominal
-    /// end of the struct (similar to a flexible array member).
-    vmctx: VMContext,
-}
-
-impl Instance {
-    /// Create an instance at the given memory address.
-    ///
-    /// It is assumed the memory was properly aligned and the
-    /// allocation was `alloc_size` in bytes.
-    unsafe fn new(
-        req: InstanceAllocationRequest,
-        memories: PrimaryMap<DefinedMemoryIndex, (MemoryAllocationIndex, Memory)>,
-        tables: PrimaryMap<DefinedTableIndex, (TableAllocationIndex, Table)>,
-        memory_plans: &PrimaryMap<MemoryIndex, MemoryPlan>,
-    ) -> InstanceHandle {
-        // The allocation must be *at least* the size required of `Instance`.
-        let layout = Self::alloc_layout(req.runtime_info.offsets());
-        let ptr = alloc::alloc(layout);
-        if ptr.is_null() {
-            alloc::handle_alloc_error(layout);
-        }
-        let ptr = ptr.cast::<Instance>();
-
-        let module = req.runtime_info.module();
-        let dropped_elements = EntitySet::with_capacity(module.passive_elements.len());
-        let dropped_data = EntitySet::with_capacity(module.passive_data_map.len());
-
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "wmemcheck"))]
-        let _ = memory_plans;
-
-        ptr::write(
-            ptr,
-            Instance {
-                runtime_info: req.runtime_info.clone(),
-                memories,
-                tables,
-                dropped_elements,
-                dropped_data,
-                host_state: req.host_state,
-                vmctx_self_reference: SendSyncPtr::new(NonNull::new(ptr.add(1).cast()).unwrap()),
-                vmctx: VMContext {
-                    _marker: std::marker::PhantomPinned,
-                },
-                #[cfg(feature = "wmemcheck")]
-                wmemcheck_state: {
-                    if req.wmemcheck {
-                        let size = memory_plans
-                            .iter()
-                            .next()
-                            .map(|plan| plan.1.memory.minimum)
-                            .unwrap_or(0)
-                            * 64
-                            * 1024;
-                        Some(Wmemcheck::new(size as usize))
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                },
-            },
-        );
-
-        (*ptr).initialize_vmctx(module, req.runtime_info.offsets(), req.store, req.imports);
-        InstanceHandle {
-            instance: Some(SendSyncPtr::new(NonNull::new(ptr).unwrap())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Converts the provided `*mut VMContext` to an `Instance` pointer and runs
-    /// the provided closure with the instance.
-    ///
-    /// This method will move the `vmctx` pointer backwards to point to the
-    /// original `Instance` that precedes it. The closure is provided a
-    /// temporary version of the `Instance` pointer with a constrained lifetime
-    /// to the closure to ensure it doesn't accidentally escape.
-    ///
-    /// # Unsafety
-    ///
-    /// Callers must validate that the `vmctx` pointer is a valid allocation
-    /// and that it's valid to acquire `&mut Instance` at this time. For example
-    /// this can't be called twice on the same `VMContext` to get two active
-    /// pointers to the same `Instance`.
-    #[inline]
-    pub unsafe fn from_vmctx<R>(vmctx: *mut VMContext, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Instance) -> R) -> R {
-        assert!(!vmctx.is_null());
-        let ptr = vmctx
-            .byte_sub(mem::size_of::<Instance>())
-            .cast::<Instance>();
-        f(&mut *ptr)
-    }
-
-    /// Helper function to access various locations offset from our `*mut
-    /// VMContext` object.
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// This method is unsafe because the `offset` must be within bounds of the
-    /// `VMContext` object trailing this instance.
-    unsafe fn vmctx_plus_offset<T>(&self, offset: u32) -> *const T {
-        self.vmctx()
-            .byte_add(usize::try_from(offset).unwrap())
-            .cast()
-    }
-
-    /// Dual of `vmctx_plus_offset`, but for mutability.
-    unsafe fn vmctx_plus_offset_mut<T>(&mut self, offset: u32) -> *mut T {
-        self.vmctx()
-            .byte_add(usize::try_from(offset).unwrap())
-            .cast()
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn module(&self) -> &Arc<Module> {
-        self.runtime_info.module()
-    }
-
-    /// Translate a module-level interned type index into an engine-level
-    /// interned type index.
-    pub fn engine_type_index(&self, module_index: ModuleInternedTypeIndex) -> VMSharedTypeIndex {
-        self.runtime_info.engine_type_index(module_index)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn offsets(&self) -> &VMOffsets<HostPtr> {
-        self.runtime_info.offsets()
-    }
-
-    /// Return the indexed `VMFunctionImport`.
-    fn imported_function(&self, index: FuncIndex) -> &VMFunctionImport {
-        unsafe { &*self.vmctx_plus_offset(self.offsets().vmctx_vmfunction_import(index)) }
-    }
-
-    /// Return the index `VMTableImport`.
-    fn imported_table(&self, index: TableIndex) -> &VMTableImport {
-        unsafe { &*self.vmctx_plus_offset(self.offsets().vmctx_vmtable_import(index)) }
-    }
-
-    /// Return the indexed `VMMemoryImport`.
-    fn imported_memory(&self, index: MemoryIndex) -> &VMMemoryImport {
-        unsafe { &*self.vmctx_plus_offset(self.offsets().vmctx_vmmemory_import(index)) }
-    }
-
-    /// Return the indexed `VMGlobalImport`.
-    fn imported_global(&self, index: GlobalIndex) -> &VMGlobalImport {
-        unsafe { &*self.vmctx_plus_offset(self.offsets().vmctx_vmglobal_import(index)) }
-    }
-
-    /// Return the indexed `VMTableDefinition`.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn table(&mut self, index: DefinedTableIndex) -> VMTableDefinition {
-        unsafe { *self.table_ptr(index) }
-    }
-
-    /// Updates the value for a defined table to `VMTableDefinition`.
-    fn set_table(&mut self, index: DefinedTableIndex, table: VMTableDefinition) {
-        unsafe {
-            *self.table_ptr(index) = table;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Return the indexed `VMTableDefinition`.
-    fn table_ptr(&mut self, index: DefinedTableIndex) -> *mut VMTableDefinition {
-        unsafe { self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(self.offsets().vmctx_vmtable_definition(index)) }
-    }
-
-    /// Get a locally defined or imported memory.
-    pub(crate) fn get_memory(&self, index: MemoryIndex) -> VMMemoryDefinition {
-        if let Some(defined_index) = self.module().defined_memory_index(index) {
-            self.memory(defined_index)
-        } else {
-            let import = self.imported_memory(index);
-            unsafe { VMMemoryDefinition::load(import.from) }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get a locally defined or imported memory.
-    #[cfg(feature = "threads")]
-    pub(crate) fn get_runtime_memory(&mut self, index: MemoryIndex) -> &mut Memory {
-        if let Some(defined_index) = self.module().defined_memory_index(index) {
-            unsafe { &mut *self.get_defined_memory(defined_index) }
-        } else {
-            let import = self.imported_memory(index);
-            unsafe {
-                let ptr =
-                    Instance::from_vmctx(import.vmctx, |i| i.get_defined_memory(import.index));
-                &mut *ptr
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Return the indexed `VMMemoryDefinition`.
-    fn memory(&self, index: DefinedMemoryIndex) -> VMMemoryDefinition {
-        unsafe { VMMemoryDefinition::load(self.memory_ptr(index)) }
-    }
-
-    /// Set the indexed memory to `VMMemoryDefinition`.
-    fn set_memory(&self, index: DefinedMemoryIndex, mem: VMMemoryDefinition) {
-        unsafe {
-            *self.memory_ptr(index) = mem;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Return the indexed `VMMemoryDefinition`.
-    fn memory_ptr(&self, index: DefinedMemoryIndex) -> *mut VMMemoryDefinition {
-        unsafe { *self.vmctx_plus_offset(self.offsets().vmctx_vmmemory_pointer(index)) }
-    }
-
-    /// Return the memories defined within this instance (not imported).
-    pub fn defined_memories<'a>(
-        &'a self,
-    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = (DefinedMemoryIndex, &'a Memory)> + 'a {
-        self.memories
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(index, (_alloc_index, memory))| (index, memory))
-    }
-
-    /// Return the indexed `VMGlobalDefinition`.
-    fn global(&mut self, index: DefinedGlobalIndex) -> &VMGlobalDefinition {
-        unsafe { &*self.global_ptr(index) }
-    }
-
-    /// Return the indexed `VMGlobalDefinition`.
-    fn global_ptr(&mut self, index: DefinedGlobalIndex) -> *mut VMGlobalDefinition {
-        unsafe { self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(self.offsets().vmctx_vmglobal_definition(index)) }
-    }
-
-    /// Get a raw pointer to the global at the given index regardless whether it
-    /// is defined locally or imported from another module.
-    ///
-    /// Panics if the index is out of bound or is the reserved value.
-    pub(crate) fn defined_or_imported_global_ptr(
-        &mut self,
-        index: GlobalIndex,
-    ) -> *mut VMGlobalDefinition {
-        if let Some(index) = self.module().defined_global_index(index) {
-            self.global_ptr(index)
-        } else {
-            self.imported_global(index).from
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get all globals within this instance.
-    ///
-    /// Returns both import and defined globals.
-    ///
-    /// Returns both exported and non-exported globals.
-    ///
-    /// Gives access to the full globals space.
-    pub fn all_globals<'a>(
-        &'a mut self,
-    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = (GlobalIndex, ExportGlobal)> + 'a {
-        let module = self.module().clone();
-        module.globals.keys().map(move |idx| {
-            (
-                idx,
-                ExportGlobal {
-                    definition: self.defined_or_imported_global_ptr(idx),
-                    vmctx: self.vmctx(),
-                    global: self.module().globals[idx],
-                },
-            )
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Get the globals defined in this instance (not imported).
-    pub fn defined_globals<'a>(
-        &'a mut self,
-    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = (DefinedGlobalIndex, ExportGlobal)> + 'a {
-        let module = self.module().clone();
-        module
-            .globals
-            .keys()
-            .skip(module.num_imported_globals)
-            .map(move |global_idx| {
-                let def_idx = module.defined_global_index(global_idx).unwrap();
-                let global = ExportGlobal {
-                    definition: self.global_ptr(def_idx),
-                    vmctx: self.vmctx(),
-                    global: self.module().globals[global_idx],
-                };
-                (def_idx, global)
-            })
-    }
-
-    /// Return a pointer to the interrupts structure
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn runtime_limits(&mut self) -> *mut *const VMRuntimeLimits {
-        unsafe { self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(self.offsets().vmctx_runtime_limits()) }
-    }
-
-    /// Return a pointer to the global epoch counter used by this instance.
-    pub fn epoch_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut *const AtomicU64 {
-        unsafe { self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(self.offsets().vmctx_epoch_ptr()) }
-    }
-
-    /// Return a pointer to the GC heap base pointer.
-    pub fn gc_heap_base(&mut self) -> *mut *mut u8 {
-        unsafe { self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(self.offsets().vmctx_gc_heap_base()) }
-    }
-
-    /// Return a pointer to the GC heap bound.
-    pub fn gc_heap_bound(&mut self) -> *mut usize {
-        unsafe { self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(self.offsets().vmctx_gc_heap_bound()) }
-    }
-
-    /// Return a pointer to the collector-specific heap data.
-    pub fn gc_heap_data(&mut self) -> *mut *mut u8 {
-        unsafe { self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(self.offsets().vmctx_gc_heap_data()) }
-    }
-
-    /// Gets a pointer to this instance's `Store` which was originally
-    /// configured on creation.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// This will panic if the originally configured store was `None`. That can
-    /// happen for host functions so host functions can't be queried what their
-    /// original `Store` was since it's just retained as null (since host
-    /// functions are shared amongst threads and don't all share the same
-    /// store).
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn store(&self) -> *mut dyn Store {
-        let ptr =
-            unsafe { *self.vmctx_plus_offset::<*mut dyn Store>(self.offsets().vmctx_store()) };
-        assert!(!ptr.is_null());
-        ptr
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) unsafe fn set_store(&mut self, store: Option<*mut dyn Store>) {
-        if let Some(store) = store {
-            *self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(self.offsets().vmctx_store()) = store;
-            *self.runtime_limits() = (*store).vmruntime_limits();
-            *self.epoch_ptr() = (*store).epoch_ptr();
-            self.set_gc_heap((*store).maybe_gc_store());
-        } else {
-            assert_eq!(
-                mem::size_of::<*mut dyn Store>(),
-                mem::size_of::<[*mut (); 2]>()
-            );
-            *self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut::<[*mut (); 2]>(self.offsets().vmctx_store()) =
-                [ptr::null_mut(), ptr::null_mut()];
-            *self.runtime_limits() = ptr::null_mut();
-            *self.epoch_ptr() = ptr::null_mut();
-            self.set_gc_heap(None);
-        }
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn set_gc_heap(&mut self, gc_store: Option<&mut GcStore>) {
-        if let Some(gc_store) = gc_store {
-            *self.gc_heap_base() = gc_store.gc_heap.vmctx_gc_heap_base();
-            *self.gc_heap_bound() = gc_store.gc_heap.vmctx_gc_heap_bound();
-            *self.gc_heap_data() = gc_store.gc_heap.vmctx_gc_heap_data();
-        } else {
-            *self.gc_heap_base() = ptr::null_mut();
-            *self.gc_heap_bound() = 0;
-            *self.gc_heap_data() = ptr::null_mut();
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) unsafe fn set_callee(&mut self, callee: Option<NonNull<VMFunctionBody>>) {
-        *self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(self.offsets().vmctx_callee()) =
-            callee.map_or(ptr::null_mut(), |c| c.as_ptr());
-    }
-
-    /// Return a reference to the vmctx used by compiled wasm code.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn vmctx(&self) -> *mut VMContext {
-        // The definition of this method is subtle but intentional. The goal
-        // here is that effectively this should return `&mut self.vmctx`, but
-        // it's not quite so simple. Some more documentation is available on the
-        // `vmctx_self_reference` field, but the general idea is that we're
-        // creating a pointer to return with proper provenance. Provenance is
-        // still in the works in Rust at the time of this writing but the load
-        // of the `self.vmctx_self_reference` field is important here as it
-        // affects how LLVM thinks about aliasing with respect to the returned
-        // pointer.
-        //
-        // The intention of this method is to codegen to machine code as `&mut
-        // self.vmctx`, however. While it doesn't show up like this in LLVM IR
-        // (there's an actual load of the field) it does look like that by the
-        // time the backend runs. (that's magic to me, the backend removing
-        // loads...)
-        //
-        // As a final minor note, strict provenance APIs are not stable on Rust
-        // today so the `sptr` crate is used. This crate provides the extension
-        // trait `Strict` but the method names conflict with the nightly methods
-        // so a different syntax is used to invoke methods here.
-        let addr = std::ptr::addr_of!(self.vmctx);
-        Strict::with_addr(self.vmctx_self_reference.as_ptr(), Strict::addr(addr))
-    }
-
-    fn get_exported_func(&mut self, index: FuncIndex) -> ExportFunction {
-        let func_ref = self.get_func_ref(index).unwrap();
-        let func_ref = NonNull::new(func_ref as *const VMFuncRef as *mut _).unwrap();
-        ExportFunction { func_ref }
-    }
-
-    fn get_exported_table(&mut self, index: TableIndex) -> ExportTable {
-        let (definition, vmctx) = if let Some(def_index) = self.module().defined_table_index(index)
-        {
-            (self.table_ptr(def_index), self.vmctx())
-        } else {
-            let import = self.imported_table(index);
-            (import.from, import.vmctx)
-        };
-        ExportTable {
-            definition,
-            vmctx,
-            table: self.module().table_plans[index].clone(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn get_exported_memory(&mut self, index: MemoryIndex) -> ExportMemory {
-        let (definition, vmctx, def_index) =
-            if let Some(def_index) = self.module().defined_memory_index(index) {
-                (self.memory_ptr(def_index), self.vmctx(), def_index)
-            } else {
-                let import = self.imported_memory(index);
-                (import.from, import.vmctx, import.index)
-            };
-        ExportMemory {
-            definition,
-            vmctx,
-            memory: self.module().memory_plans[index].clone(),
-            index: def_index,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn get_exported_global(&mut self, index: GlobalIndex) -> ExportGlobal {
-        ExportGlobal {
-            definition: if let Some(def_index) = self.module().defined_global_index(index) {
-                self.global_ptr(def_index)
-            } else {
-                self.imported_global(index).from
-            },
-            vmctx: self.vmctx(),
-            global: self.module().globals[index],
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Return an iterator over the exports of this instance.
-    ///
-    /// Specifically, it provides access to the key-value pairs, where the keys
-    /// are export names, and the values are export declarations which can be
-    /// resolved `lookup_by_declaration`.
-    pub fn exports(&self) -> indexmap::map::Iter<String, EntityIndex> {
-        self.module().exports.iter()
-    }
-
-    /// Return a reference to the custom state attached to this instance.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn host_state(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        &*self.host_state
-    }
-
-    /// Return the table index for the given `VMTableDefinition`.
-    pub unsafe fn table_index(&mut self, table: &VMTableDefinition) -> DefinedTableIndex {
-        let index = DefinedTableIndex::new(
-            usize::try_from(
-                (table as *const VMTableDefinition)
-                    .offset_from(self.table_ptr(DefinedTableIndex::new(0))),
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        );
-        assert!(index.index() < self.tables.len());
-        index
-    }
-
-    /// Grow memory by the specified amount of pages.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if memory can't be grown by the specified amount
-    /// of pages. Returns `Some` with the old size in bytes if growth was
-    /// successful.
-    pub(crate) fn memory_grow(
-        &mut self,
-        index: MemoryIndex,
-        delta: u64,
-    ) -> Result<Option<usize>, Error> {
-        match self.module().defined_memory_index(index) {
-            Some(idx) => self.defined_memory_grow(idx, delta),
-            None => {
-                let import = self.imported_memory(index);
-                unsafe {
-                    Instance::from_vmctx(import.vmctx, |i| {
-                        i.defined_memory_grow(import.index, delta)
-                    })
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn defined_memory_grow(
-        &mut self,
-        idx: DefinedMemoryIndex,
-        delta: u64,
-    ) -> Result<Option<usize>, Error> {
-        let store = unsafe { &mut *self.store() };
-        let memory = &mut self.memories[idx].1;
-
-        let result = unsafe { memory.grow(delta, Some(store)) };
-
-        // Update the state used by a non-shared Wasm memory in case the base
-        // pointer and/or the length changed.
-        if memory.as_shared_memory().is_none() {
-            let vmmemory = memory.vmmemory();
-            self.set_memory(idx, vmmemory);
-        }
-
-        result
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn table_element_type(&mut self, table_index: TableIndex) -> TableElementType {
-        unsafe { (*self.get_table(table_index)).element_type() }
-    }
-
-    /// Grow table by the specified amount of elements, filling them with
-    /// `init_value`.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if table can't be grown by the specified amount of
-    /// elements, or if `init_value` is the wrong type of table element.
-    pub(crate) fn table_grow(
-        &mut self,
-        table_index: TableIndex,
-        delta: u32,
-        init_value: TableElement,
-    ) -> Result<Option<u32>, Error> {
-        self.with_defined_table_index_and_instance(table_index, |i, instance| {
-            instance.defined_table_grow(i, delta, init_value)
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn defined_table_grow(
-        &mut self,
-        table_index: DefinedTableIndex,
-        delta: u32,
-        init_value: TableElement,
-    ) -> Result<Option<u32>, Error> {
-        let store = unsafe { &mut *self.store() };
-        let table = &mut self
-            .tables
-            .get_mut(table_index)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("no table for index {}", table_index.index()))
-            .1;
-
-        let result = unsafe { table.grow(delta, init_value, store) };
-
-        // Keep the `VMContext` pointers used by compiled Wasm code up to
-        // date.
-        let element = self.tables[table_index].1.vmtable();
-        self.set_table(table_index, element);
-
-        result
-    }
-
-    fn alloc_layout(offsets: &VMOffsets<HostPtr>) -> Layout {
-        let size = mem::size_of::<Self>()
-            .checked_add(usize::try_from(offsets.size_of_vmctx()).unwrap())
-            .unwrap();
-        let align = mem::align_of::<Self>();
-        Layout::from_size_align(size, align).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Construct a new VMFuncRef for the given function
-    /// (imported or defined in this module) and store into the given
-    /// location. Used during lazy initialization.
-    ///
-    /// Note that our current lazy-init scheme actually calls this every
-    /// time the funcref pointer is fetched; this turns out to be better
-    /// than tracking state related to whether it's been initialized
-    /// before, because resetting that state on (re)instantiation is
-    /// very expensive if there are many funcrefs.
-    fn construct_func_ref(
-        &mut self,
-        index: FuncIndex,
-        sig: ModuleInternedTypeIndex,
-        into: *mut VMFuncRef,
-    ) {
-        let type_index = unsafe {
-            let base: *const VMSharedTypeIndex =
-                *self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(self.offsets().vmctx_type_ids_array());
-            *base.add(sig.index())
-        };
-
-        let func_ref = if let Some(def_index) = self.module().defined_func_index(index) {
-            VMFuncRef {
-                native_call: self
-                    .runtime_info
-                    .native_to_wasm_trampoline(def_index)
-                    .expect("should have native-to-Wasm trampoline for escaping function"),
-                array_call: self
-                    .runtime_info
-                    .array_to_wasm_trampoline(def_index)
-                    .expect("should have array-to-Wasm trampoline for escaping function"),
-                wasm_call: Some(self.runtime_info.function(def_index)),
-                vmctx: VMOpaqueContext::from_vmcontext(self.vmctx()),
-                type_index,
-            }
-        } else {
-            let import = self.imported_function(index);
-            VMFuncRef {
-                native_call: import.native_call,
-                array_call: import.array_call,
-                wasm_call: Some(import.wasm_call),
-                vmctx: import.vmctx,
-                type_index,
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Safety: we have a `&mut self`, so we have exclusive access
-        // to this Instance.
-        unsafe {
-            std::ptr::write(into, func_ref);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get a `&VMFuncRef` for the given `FuncIndex`.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the index is the reserved index value.
-    ///
-    /// The returned reference is a stable reference that won't be moved and can
-    /// be passed into JIT code.
-    pub(crate) fn get_func_ref(&mut self, index: FuncIndex) -> Option<*mut VMFuncRef> {
-        if index == FuncIndex::reserved_value() {
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        // Safety: we have a `&mut self`, so we have exclusive access
-        // to this Instance.
-        unsafe {
-            // For now, we eagerly initialize an funcref struct in-place
-            // whenever asked for a reference to it. This is mostly
-            // fine, because in practice each funcref is unlikely to be
-            // requested more than a few times: once-ish for funcref
-            // tables used for call_indirect (the usual compilation
-            // strategy places each function in the table at most once),
-            // and once or a few times when fetching exports via API.
-            // Note that for any case driven by table accesses, the lazy
-            // table init behaves like a higher-level cache layer that
-            // protects this initialization from happening multiple
-            // times, via that particular table at least.
-            //
-            // When `ref.func` becomes more commonly used or if we
-            // otherwise see a use-case where this becomes a hotpath,
-            // we can reconsider by using some state to track
-            // "uninitialized" explicitly, for example by zeroing the
-            // funcrefs (perhaps together with other
-            // zeroed-at-instantiate-time state) or using a separate
-            // is-initialized bitmap.
-            //
-            // We arrived at this design because zeroing memory is
-            // expensive, so it's better for instantiation performance
-            // if we don't have to track "is-initialized" state at
-            // all!
-            let func = &self.module().functions[index];
-            let sig = func.signature;
-            let func_ref: *mut VMFuncRef = self
-                .vmctx_plus_offset_mut::<VMFuncRef>(self.offsets().vmctx_func_ref(func.func_ref));
-            self.construct_func_ref(index, sig, func_ref);
-
-            Some(func_ref)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The `table.init` operation: initializes a portion of a table with a
-    /// passive element.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns a `Trap` error when the range within the table is out of bounds
-    /// or the range within the passive element is out of bounds.
-    pub(crate) fn table_init(
-        &mut self,
-        table_index: TableIndex,
-        elem_index: ElemIndex,
-        dst: u32,
-        src: u32,
-        len: u32,
-    ) -> Result<(), Trap> {
-        // TODO: this `clone()` shouldn't be necessary but is used for now to
-        // inform `rustc` that the lifetime of the elements here are
-        // disconnected from the lifetime of `self`.
-        let module = self.module().clone();
-
-        // NB: fall back to an expressions-based list of elements which doesn't
-        // have static type information (as opposed to `Functions`) since we
-        // don't know just yet what type the table has. The type will be be
-        // inferred in the next step within `table_init_segment`.
-        let empty = TableSegmentElements::Expressions(Box::new([]));
-
-        let elements = match module.passive_elements_map.get(&elem_index) {
-            Some(index) if !self.dropped_elements.contains(elem_index) => {
-                &module.passive_elements[*index]
-            }
-            _ => &empty,
-        };
-        self.table_init_segment(table_index, elements, dst, src, len)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn table_init_segment(
-        &mut self,
-        table_index: TableIndex,
-        elements: &TableSegmentElements,
-        dst: u32,
-        src: u32,
-        len: u32,
-    ) -> Result<(), Trap> {
-        // https://webassembly.github.io/bulk-memory-operations/core/exec/instructions.html#exec-table-init
-
-        let table = unsafe { &mut *self.get_table(table_index) };
-        let src = usize::try_from(src).map_err(|_| Trap::TableOutOfBounds)?;
-        let len = usize::try_from(len).map_err(|_| Trap::TableOutOfBounds)?;
-
-        match elements {
-            TableSegmentElements::Functions(funcs) => {
-                let elements = funcs
-                    .get(src..)
-                    .and_then(|s| s.get(..len))
-                    .ok_or(Trap::TableOutOfBounds)?;
-                table.init_func(
-                    dst,
-                    elements
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|idx| self.get_func_ref(*idx).unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())),
-                )?;
-            }
-            TableSegmentElements::Expressions(exprs) => {
-                let ty = table.element_type();
-                let exprs = exprs
-                    .get(src..)
-                    .and_then(|s| s.get(..len))
-                    .ok_or(Trap::TableOutOfBounds)?;
-                match ty {
-                    TableElementType::Func => {
-                        table.init_func(
-                            dst,
-                            exprs.iter().map(|expr| match expr {
-                                TableElementExpression::Null => std::ptr::null_mut(),
-                                TableElementExpression::Function(idx) => {
-                                    self.get_func_ref(*idx).unwrap()
-                                }
-                                TableElementExpression::GlobalGet(idx) => {
-                                    let global = self.defined_or_imported_global_ptr(*idx);
-                                    unsafe { (*global).as_func_ref() }
-                                }
-                            }),
-                        )?;
-                    }
-                    TableElementType::GcRef => {
-                        table.init_gc_refs(
-                            dst,
-                            exprs.iter().map(|expr| match expr {
-                                TableElementExpression::Null => None,
-                                TableElementExpression::Function(_) => unreachable!(),
-                                TableElementExpression::GlobalGet(idx) => {
-                                    let global = self.defined_or_imported_global_ptr(*idx);
-                                    let gc_ref = unsafe { (*global).as_gc_ref() };
-                                    gc_ref.map(|r| {
-                                        let store = unsafe { &mut *self.store() };
-                                        store.gc_store().clone_gc_ref(r)
-                                    })
-                                }
-                            }),
-                        )?;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Drop an element.
-    pub(crate) fn elem_drop(&mut self, elem_index: ElemIndex) {
-        // https://webassembly.github.io/reference-types/core/exec/instructions.html#exec-elem-drop
-
-        self.dropped_elements.insert(elem_index);
-
-        // Note that we don't check that we actually removed a segment because
-        // dropping a non-passive segment is a no-op (not a trap).
-    }
-
-    /// Get a locally-defined memory.
-    pub fn get_defined_memory(&mut self, index: DefinedMemoryIndex) -> *mut Memory {
-        ptr::addr_of_mut!(self.memories[index].1)
-    }
-
-    /// Do a `memory.copy`
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns a `Trap` error when the source or destination ranges are out of
-    /// bounds.
-    pub(crate) fn memory_copy(
-        &mut self,
-        dst_index: MemoryIndex,
-        dst: u64,
-        src_index: MemoryIndex,
-        src: u64,
-        len: u64,
-    ) -> Result<(), Trap> {
-        // https://webassembly.github.io/reference-types/core/exec/instructions.html#exec-memory-copy
-
-        let src_mem = self.get_memory(src_index);
-        let dst_mem = self.get_memory(dst_index);
-
-        let src = self.validate_inbounds(src_mem.current_length(), src, len)?;
-        let dst = self.validate_inbounds(dst_mem.current_length(), dst, len)?;
-
-        // Bounds and casts are checked above, by this point we know that
-        // everything is safe.
-        unsafe {
-            let dst = dst_mem.base.add(dst);
-            let src = src_mem.base.add(src);
-            // FIXME audit whether this is safe in the presence of shared memory
-            // (https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/4203).
-            ptr::copy(src, dst, len as usize);
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn validate_inbounds(&self, max: usize, ptr: u64, len: u64) -> Result<usize, Trap> {
-        let oob = || Trap::MemoryOutOfBounds;
-        let end = ptr
-            .checked_add(len)
-            .and_then(|i| usize::try_from(i).ok())
-            .ok_or_else(oob)?;
-        if end > max {
-            Err(oob())
-        } else {
-            Ok(ptr as usize)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Perform the `memory.fill` operation on a locally defined memory.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns a `Trap` error if the memory range is out of bounds.
-    pub(crate) fn memory_fill(
-        &mut self,
-        memory_index: MemoryIndex,
-        dst: u64,
-        val: u8,
-        len: u64,
-    ) -> Result<(), Trap> {
-        let memory = self.get_memory(memory_index);
-        let dst = self.validate_inbounds(memory.current_length(), dst, len)?;
-
-        // Bounds and casts are checked above, by this point we know that
-        // everything is safe.
-        unsafe {
-            let dst = memory.base.add(dst);
-            // FIXME audit whether this is safe in the presence of shared memory
-            // (https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/4203).
-            ptr::write_bytes(dst, val, len as usize);
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Performs the `memory.init` operation.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns a `Trap` error if the destination range is out of this module's
-    /// memory's bounds or if the source range is outside the data segment's
-    /// bounds.
-    pub(crate) fn memory_init(
-        &mut self,
-        memory_index: MemoryIndex,
-        data_index: DataIndex,
-        dst: u64,
-        src: u32,
-        len: u32,
-    ) -> Result<(), Trap> {
-        let range = match self.module().passive_data_map.get(&data_index).cloned() {
-            Some(range) if !self.dropped_data.contains(data_index) => range,
-            _ => 0..0,
-        };
-        self.memory_init_segment(memory_index, range, dst, src, len)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn wasm_data(&self, range: Range<u32>) -> &[u8] {
-        &self.runtime_info.wasm_data()[range.start as usize..range.end as usize]
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn memory_init_segment(
-        &mut self,
-        memory_index: MemoryIndex,
-        range: Range<u32>,
-        dst: u64,
-        src: u32,
-        len: u32,
-    ) -> Result<(), Trap> {
-        // https://webassembly.github.io/bulk-memory-operations/core/exec/instructions.html#exec-memory-init
-
-        let memory = self.get_memory(memory_index);
-        let data = self.wasm_data(range);
-        let dst = self.validate_inbounds(memory.current_length(), dst, len.into())?;
-        let src = self.validate_inbounds(data.len(), src.into(), len.into())?;
-        let len = len as usize;
-
-        unsafe {
-            let src_start = data.as_ptr().add(src);
-            let dst_start = memory.base.add(dst);
-            // FIXME audit whether this is safe in the presence of shared memory
-            // (https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/4203).
-            ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src_start, dst_start, len);
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Drop the given data segment, truncating its length to zero.
-    pub(crate) fn data_drop(&mut self, data_index: DataIndex) {
-        self.dropped_data.insert(data_index);
-
-        // Note that we don't check that we actually removed a segment because
-        // dropping a non-passive segment is a no-op (not a trap).
-    }
-
-    /// Get a table by index regardless of whether it is locally-defined
-    /// or an imported, foreign table. Ensure that the given range of
-    /// elements in the table is lazily initialized.  We define this
-    /// operation all-in-one for safety, to ensure the lazy-init
-    /// happens.
-    ///
-    /// Takes an `Iterator` for the index-range to lazy-initialize,
-    /// for flexibility. This can be a range, single item, or empty
-    /// sequence, for example. The iterator should return indices in
-    /// increasing order, so that the break-at-out-of-bounds behavior
-    /// works correctly.
-    pub(crate) fn get_table_with_lazy_init(
-        &mut self,
-        table_index: TableIndex,
-        range: impl Iterator<Item = u32>,
-    ) -> *mut Table {
-        self.with_defined_table_index_and_instance(table_index, |idx, instance| {
-            instance.get_defined_table_with_lazy_init(idx, range)
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the raw runtime table data structure owned by this instance
-    /// given the provided `idx`.
-    ///
-    /// The `range` specified is eagerly initialized for funcref tables.
-    pub fn get_defined_table_with_lazy_init(
-        &mut self,
-        idx: DefinedTableIndex,
-        range: impl Iterator<Item = u32>,
-    ) -> *mut Table {
-        let elt_ty = self.tables[idx].1.element_type();
-
-        if elt_ty == TableElementType::Func {
-            for i in range {
-                let gc_store = unsafe { (*self.store()).gc_store() };
-                let value = match self.tables[idx].1.get(gc_store, i) {
-                    Some(value) => value,
-                    None => {
-                        // Out-of-bounds; caller will handle by likely
-                        // throwing a trap. No work to do to lazy-init
-                        // beyond the end.
-                        break;
-                    }
-                };
-
-                if !value.is_uninit() {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // The table element `i` is uninitialized and is now being
-                // initialized. This must imply that a `precompiled` list of
-                // function indices is available for this table. The precompiled
-                // list is extracted and then it is consulted with `i` to
-                // determine the function that is going to be initialized. Note
-                // that `i` may be outside the limits of the static
-                // initialization so it's a fallible `get` instead of an index.
-                let module = self.module();
-                let precomputed = match &module.table_initialization.initial_values[idx] {
-                    TableInitialValue::Null { precomputed } => precomputed,
-                    TableInitialValue::FuncRef(_)
-                    | TableInitialValue::GlobalGet(_)
-                    | TableInitialValue::I31Ref(_) => {
-                        unreachable!()
-                    }
-                };
-                let func_index = precomputed.get(i as usize).cloned();
-                let func_ref = func_index
-                    .and_then(|func_index| self.get_func_ref(func_index))
-                    .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut());
-                self.tables[idx]
-                    .1
-                    .set(i, TableElement::FuncRef(func_ref))
-                    .expect("Table type should match and index should be in-bounds");
-            }
-        }
-
-        ptr::addr_of_mut!(self.tables[idx].1)
-    }
-
-    /// Get a table by index regardless of whether it is locally-defined or an
-    /// imported, foreign table.
-    pub(crate) fn get_table(&mut self, table_index: TableIndex) -> *mut Table {
-        self.with_defined_table_index_and_instance(table_index, |idx, instance| {
-            ptr::addr_of_mut!(instance.tables[idx].1)
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Get a locally-defined table.
-    pub(crate) fn get_defined_table(&mut self, index: DefinedTableIndex) -> *mut Table {
-        ptr::addr_of_mut!(self.tables[index].1)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn with_defined_table_index_and_instance<R>(
-        &mut self,
-        index: TableIndex,
-        f: impl FnOnce(DefinedTableIndex, &mut Instance) -> R,
-    ) -> R {
-        if let Some(defined_table_index) = self.module().defined_table_index(index) {
-            f(defined_table_index, self)
-        } else {
-            let import = self.imported_table(index);
-            unsafe {
-                Instance::from_vmctx(import.vmctx, |foreign_instance| {
-                    let foreign_table_def = import.from;
-                    let foreign_table_index = foreign_instance.table_index(&*foreign_table_def);
-                    f(foreign_table_index, foreign_instance)
-                })
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Initialize the VMContext data associated with this Instance.
-    ///
-    /// The `VMContext` memory is assumed to be uninitialized; any field
-    /// that we need in a certain state will be explicitly written by this
-    /// function.
-    unsafe fn initialize_vmctx(
-        &mut self,
-        module: &Module,
-        offsets: &VMOffsets<HostPtr>,
-        store: StorePtr,
-        imports: Imports,
-    ) {
-        assert!(std::ptr::eq(module, self.module().as_ref()));
-
-        *self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(offsets.vmctx_magic()) = VMCONTEXT_MAGIC;
-        self.set_callee(None);
-        self.set_store(store.as_raw());
-
-        // Initialize shared types
-        let types = self.runtime_info.type_ids();
-        *self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(offsets.vmctx_type_ids_array()) = types.as_ptr();
-
-        // Initialize the built-in functions
-        *self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(offsets.vmctx_builtin_functions()) =
-            &VMBuiltinFunctionsArray::INIT;
-
-        // Initialize the imports
-        debug_assert_eq!(imports.functions.len(), module.num_imported_funcs);
-        ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
-            imports.functions.as_ptr(),
-            self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(offsets.vmctx_imported_functions_begin()),
-            imports.functions.len(),
-        );
-        debug_assert_eq!(imports.tables.len(), module.num_imported_tables);
-        ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
-            imports.tables.as_ptr(),
-            self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(offsets.vmctx_imported_tables_begin()),
-            imports.tables.len(),
-        );
-        debug_assert_eq!(imports.memories.len(), module.num_imported_memories);
-        ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
-            imports.memories.as_ptr(),
-            self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(offsets.vmctx_imported_memories_begin()),
-            imports.memories.len(),
-        );
-        debug_assert_eq!(imports.globals.len(), module.num_imported_globals);
-        ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
-            imports.globals.as_ptr(),
-            self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(offsets.vmctx_imported_globals_begin()),
-            imports.globals.len(),
-        );
-
-        // N.B.: there is no need to initialize the funcrefs array because we
-        // eagerly construct each element in it whenever asked for a reference
-        // to that element. In other words, there is no state needed to track
-        // the lazy-init, so we don't need to initialize any state now.
-
-        // Initialize the defined tables
-        let mut ptr = self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(offsets.vmctx_tables_begin());
-        for i in 0..module.table_plans.len() - module.num_imported_tables {
-            ptr::write(ptr, self.tables[DefinedTableIndex::new(i)].1.vmtable());
-            ptr = ptr.add(1);
-        }
-
-        // Initialize the defined memories. This fills in both the
-        // `defined_memories` table and the `owned_memories` table at the same
-        // time. Entries in `defined_memories` hold a pointer to a definition
-        // (all memories) whereas the `owned_memories` hold the actual
-        // definitions of memories owned (not shared) in the module.
-        let mut ptr = self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(offsets.vmctx_memories_begin());
-        let mut owned_ptr = self.vmctx_plus_offset_mut(offsets.vmctx_owned_memories_begin());
-        for i in 0..module.memory_plans.len() - module.num_imported_memories {
-            let defined_memory_index = DefinedMemoryIndex::new(i);
-            let memory_index = module.memory_index(defined_memory_index);
-            if module.memory_plans[memory_index].memory.shared {
-                let def_ptr = self.memories[defined_memory_index]
-                    .1
-                    .as_shared_memory()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .vmmemory_ptr();
-                ptr::write(ptr, def_ptr.cast_mut());
-            } else {
-                ptr::write(owned_ptr, self.memories[defined_memory_index].1.vmmemory());
-                ptr::write(ptr, owned_ptr);
-                owned_ptr = owned_ptr.add(1);
-            }
-            ptr = ptr.add(1);
-        }
-
-        // Initialize the defined globals
-        self.initialize_vmctx_globals(module);
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn initialize_vmctx_globals(&mut self, module: &Module) {
-        for (index, init) in module.global_initializers.iter() {
-            let to = self.global_ptr(index);
-            let wasm_ty = module.globals[module.global_index(index)].wasm_ty;
-
-            // Initialize the global before writing to it
-            ptr::write(to, VMGlobalDefinition::new());
-
-            match *init {
-                GlobalInit::I32Const(x) => {
-                    let index = module.global_index(index);
-                    if index.index() == 0 {
-                        #[cfg(feature = "wmemcheck")]
-                        {
-                            if let Some(wmemcheck) = &mut self.wmemcheck_state {
-                                wmemcheck.set_stack_size(x as usize);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    *(*to).as_i32_mut() = x;
-                }
-                GlobalInit::I64Const(x) => *(*to).as_i64_mut() = x,
-                GlobalInit::F32Const(x) => *(*to).as_f32_bits_mut() = x,
-                GlobalInit::F64Const(x) => *(*to).as_f64_bits_mut() = x,
-                GlobalInit::V128Const(x) => *(*to).as_u128_mut() = x,
-                GlobalInit::GetGlobal(x) => {
-                    let from = if let Some(def_x) = module.defined_global_index(x) {
-                        self.global(def_x)
-                    } else {
-                        &*self.imported_global(x).from
-                    };
-
-                    // GC-managed globals may need to invoke GC barriers,
-                    // everything else is just copy-able bits.
-                    if wasm_ty.is_gc_heap_type() {
-                        let gc_ref = (*from)
-                            .as_gc_ref()
-                            .map(|r| r.unchecked_copy())
-                            .map(|r| (*self.store()).gc_store().clone_gc_ref(&r));
-                        (*to).init_gc_ref(gc_ref);
-                    } else {
-                        ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(from, to, 1);
-                    }
-                }
-                GlobalInit::RefFunc(f) => {
-                    *(*to).as_func_ref_mut() = self.get_func_ref(f).unwrap();
-                }
-                GlobalInit::RefNullConst => match wasm_ty {
-                    // `VMGlobalDefinition::new()` already zeroed out the bits
-                    WasmValType::Ref(WasmRefType { nullable: true, .. }) => {}
-                    ty => panic!("unsupported reference type for global: {:?}", ty),
-                },
-                GlobalInit::RefI31Const(x) => {
-                    let gc_ref = VMGcRef::from_i31(I31::wrapping_i32(x));
-                    (*to).init_gc_ref(Some(gc_ref));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn wasm_fault(&self, addr: usize) -> Option<WasmFault> {
-        let mut fault = None;
-        for (_, (_, memory)) in self.memories.iter() {
-            let accessible = memory.wasm_accessible();
-            if accessible.start <= addr && addr < accessible.end {
-                // All linear memories should be disjoint so assert that no
-                // prior fault has been found.
-                assert!(fault.is_none());
-                fault = Some(WasmFault {
-                    memory_size: memory.byte_size(),
-                    wasm_address: u64::try_from(addr - accessible.start).unwrap(),
-                });
-            }
-        }
-        fault
-    }
-}
-
-/// A handle holding an `Instance` of a WebAssembly module.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct InstanceHandle {
-    instance: Option<SendSyncPtr<Instance>>,
-}
-
-impl InstanceHandle {
-    /// Creates an "empty" instance handle which internally has a null pointer
-    /// to an instance.
-    pub fn null() -> InstanceHandle {
-        InstanceHandle { instance: None }
-    }
-
-    /// Return a raw pointer to the vmctx used by compiled wasm code.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn vmctx(&self) -> *mut VMContext {
-        self.instance().vmctx()
-    }
-
-    /// Return a reference to a module.
-    pub fn module(&self) -> &Arc<Module> {
-        self.instance().module()
-    }
-
-    /// Lookup a function by index.
-    pub fn get_exported_func(&mut self, export: FuncIndex) -> ExportFunction {
-        self.instance_mut().get_exported_func(export)
-    }
-
-    /// Lookup a global by index.
-    pub fn get_exported_global(&mut self, export: GlobalIndex) -> ExportGlobal {
-        self.instance_mut().get_exported_global(export)
-    }
-
-    /// Lookup a memory by index.
-    pub fn get_exported_memory(&mut self, export: MemoryIndex) -> ExportMemory {
-        self.instance_mut().get_exported_memory(export)
-    }
-
-    /// Lookup a table by index.
-    pub fn get_exported_table(&mut self, export: TableIndex) -> ExportTable {
-        self.instance_mut().get_exported_table(export)
-    }
-
-    /// Lookup an item with the given index.
-    pub fn get_export_by_index(&mut self, export: EntityIndex) -> Export {
-        match export {
-            EntityIndex::Function(i) => Export::Function(self.get_exported_func(i)),
-            EntityIndex::Global(i) => Export::Global(self.get_exported_global(i)),
-            EntityIndex::Table(i) => Export::Table(self.get_exported_table(i)),
-            EntityIndex::Memory(i) => Export::Memory(self.get_exported_memory(i)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Return an iterator over the exports of this instance.
-    ///
-    /// Specifically, it provides access to the key-value pairs, where the keys
-    /// are export names, and the values are export declarations which can be
-    /// resolved `lookup_by_declaration`.
-    pub fn exports(&self) -> indexmap::map::Iter<String, EntityIndex> {
-        self.instance().exports()
-    }
-
-    /// Return a reference to the custom state attached to this instance.
-    pub fn host_state(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self.instance().host_state()
-    }
-
-    /// Get a table defined locally within this module.
-    pub fn get_defined_table(&mut self, index: DefinedTableIndex) -> *mut Table {
-        self.instance_mut().get_defined_table(index)
-    }
-
-    /// Get a table defined locally within this module, lazily
-    /// initializing the given range first.
-    pub fn get_defined_table_with_lazy_init(
-        &mut self,
-        index: DefinedTableIndex,
-        range: impl Iterator<Item = u32>,
-    ) -> *mut Table {
-        let index = self.instance().module().table_index(index);
-        self.instance_mut().get_table_with_lazy_init(index, range)
-    }
-
-    /// Get all tables within this instance.
-    ///
-    /// Returns both import and defined tables.
-    ///
-    /// Returns both exported and non-exported tables.
-    ///
-    /// Gives access to the full tables space.
-    pub fn all_tables<'a>(
-        &'a mut self,
-    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = (TableIndex, ExportTable)> + 'a {
-        let indices = (0..self.module().table_plans.len())
-            .map(|i| TableIndex::new(i))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        indices.into_iter().map(|i| (i, self.get_exported_table(i)))
-    }
-
-    /// Return the tables defined in this instance (not imported).
-    pub fn defined_tables<'a>(&'a mut self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = ExportTable> + 'a {
-        let num_imported = self.module().num_imported_tables;
-        self.all_tables()
-            .skip(num_imported)
-            .map(|(_i, table)| table)
-    }
-
-    /// Get all memories within this instance.
-    ///
-    /// Returns both import and defined memories.
-    ///
-    /// Returns both exported and non-exported memories.
-    ///
-    /// Gives access to the full memories space.
-    pub fn all_memories<'a>(
-        &'a mut self,
-    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = (MemoryIndex, ExportMemory)> + 'a {
-        let indices = (0..self.module().memory_plans.len())
-            .map(|i| MemoryIndex::new(i))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        indices
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|i| (i, self.get_exported_memory(i)))
-    }
-
-    /// Return the memories defined in this instance (not imported).
-    pub fn defined_memories<'a>(&'a mut self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = ExportMemory> + 'a {
-        let num_imported = self.module().num_imported_memories;
-        self.all_memories()
-            .skip(num_imported)
-            .map(|(_i, memory)| memory)
-    }
-
-    /// Get all globals within this instance.
-    ///
-    /// Returns both import and defined globals.
-    ///
-    /// Returns both exported and non-exported globals.
-    ///
-    /// Gives access to the full globals space.
-    pub fn all_globals<'a>(
-        &'a mut self,
-    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = (GlobalIndex, ExportGlobal)> + 'a {
-        self.instance_mut().all_globals()
-    }
-
-    /// Get the globals defined in this instance (not imported).
-    pub fn defined_globals<'a>(
-        &'a mut self,
-    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = (DefinedGlobalIndex, ExportGlobal)> + 'a {
-        self.instance_mut().defined_globals()
-    }
-
-    /// Return a reference to the contained `Instance`.
-    #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn instance(&self) -> &Instance {
-        unsafe { &*self.instance.unwrap().as_ptr() }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn instance_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Instance {
-        unsafe { &mut *self.instance.unwrap().as_ptr() }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the `Store` pointer that was stored on creation
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn store(&self) -> *mut dyn Store {
-        self.instance().store()
-    }
-
-    /// Configure the `*mut dyn Store` internal pointer after-the-fact.
-    ///
-    /// This is provided for the original `Store` itself to configure the first
-    /// self-pointer after the original `Box` has been initialized.
-    pub unsafe fn set_store(&mut self, store: *mut dyn Store) {
-        self.instance_mut().set_store(Some(store));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a clone of this instance.
-    ///
-    /// This is unsafe because the returned handle here is just a cheap clone
-    /// of the internals, there's no lifetime tracking around its validity.
-    /// You'll need to ensure that the returned handles all go out of scope at
-    /// the same time.
-    #[inline]
-    pub unsafe fn clone(&self) -> InstanceHandle {
-        InstanceHandle {
-            instance: self.instance,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Performs post-initialization of an instance after its handle has been
-    /// created and registered with a store.
-    ///
-    /// Failure of this function means that the instance still must persist
-    /// within the store since failure may indicate partial failure, or some
-    /// state could be referenced by other instances.
-    pub fn initialize(&mut self, module: &Module, is_bulk_memory: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        allocator::initialize_instance(self.instance_mut(), module, is_bulk_memory)
-    }
-
-    /// Attempts to convert from the host `addr` specified to a WebAssembly
-    /// based address recorded in `WasmFault`.
-    ///
-    /// This method will check all linear memories that this instance contains
-    /// to see if any of them contain `addr`. If one does then `Some` is
-    /// returned with metadata about the wasm fault. Otherwise `None` is
-    /// returned and `addr` doesn't belong to this instance.
-    pub fn wasm_fault(&self, addr: usize) -> Option<WasmFault> {
-        self.instance().wasm_fault(addr)
-    }
-}