wasmtime 20.0.2 → 21.0.1

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-environ-21.0.1/src/compile/module_environ.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1337 @@
+use crate::module::{
+    FuncRefIndex, Initializer, MemoryInitialization, MemoryInitializer, MemoryPlan, Module,
+    TablePlan, TableSegment, TableSegmentElements,
+};
+use crate::prelude::*;
+use crate::{
+    DataIndex, DefinedFuncIndex, ElemIndex, EntityIndex, EntityType, FuncIndex, GlobalIndex,
+    InitMemory, MemoryIndex, ModuleTypesBuilder, PrimaryMap, StaticMemoryInitializer, TableIndex,
+    TableInitialValue, Tunables, TypeConvert, TypeIndex, Unsigned, WasmError, WasmHeapType,
+    WasmResult, WasmValType, WasmparserTypeConverter,
+};
+use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use cranelift_entity::packed_option::ReservedValue;
+use cranelift_entity::EntityRef;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::mem;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use wasmparser::{
+    types::Types, CustomSectionReader, DataKind, ElementItems, ElementKind, Encoding, ExternalKind,
+    FuncToValidate, FunctionBody, NameSectionReader, Naming, Operator, Parser, Payload, TypeRef,
+    Validator, ValidatorResources, WasmFeatures,
+};
+use wasmtime_types::{ConstExpr, ConstOp, ModuleInternedTypeIndex, WasmHeapTopType};
+
+/// Object containing the standalone environment information.
+pub struct ModuleEnvironment<'a, 'data> {
+    /// The current module being translated
+    result: ModuleTranslation<'data>,
+
+    /// Intern'd types for this entire translation, shared by all modules.
+    types: &'a mut ModuleTypesBuilder,
+
+    // Various bits and pieces of configuration
+    validator: &'a mut Validator,
+    tunables: &'a Tunables,
+}
+
+/// The result of translating via `ModuleEnvironment`. Function bodies are not
+/// yet translated, and data initializers have not yet been copied out of the
+/// original buffer.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct ModuleTranslation<'data> {
+    /// Module information.
+    pub module: Module,
+
+    /// The input wasm binary.
+    ///
+    /// This can be useful, for example, when modules are parsed from a
+    /// component and the embedder wants access to the raw wasm modules
+    /// themselves.
+    pub wasm: &'data [u8],
+
+    /// References to the function bodies.
+    pub function_body_inputs: PrimaryMap<DefinedFuncIndex, FunctionBodyData<'data>>,
+
+    /// A list of type signatures which are considered exported from this
+    /// module, or those that can possibly be called. This list is sorted, and
+    /// trampolines for each of these signatures are required.
+    pub exported_signatures: Vec<ModuleInternedTypeIndex>,
+
+    /// DWARF debug information, if enabled, parsed from the module.
+    pub debuginfo: DebugInfoData<'data>,
+
+    /// Set if debuginfo was found but it was not parsed due to `Tunables`
+    /// configuration.
+    pub has_unparsed_debuginfo: bool,
+
+    /// List of data segments found in this module which should be concatenated
+    /// together for the final compiled artifact.
+    ///
+    /// These data segments, when concatenated, are indexed by the
+    /// `MemoryInitializer` type.
+    pub data: Vec<Cow<'data, [u8]>>,
+
+    /// The desired alignment of `data` in the final data section of the object
+    /// file that we'll emit.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this is 1 by default but `MemoryInitialization::Static` might
+    /// switch this to a higher alignment to facilitate mmap-ing data from
+    /// an object file into a linear memory.
+    pub data_align: Option<u64>,
+
+    /// Total size of all data pushed onto `data` so far.
+    total_data: u32,
+
+    /// List of passive element segments found in this module which will get
+    /// concatenated for the final artifact.
+    pub passive_data: Vec<&'data [u8]>,
+
+    /// Total size of all passive data pushed into `passive_data` so far.
+    total_passive_data: u32,
+
+    /// When we're parsing the code section this will be incremented so we know
+    /// which function is currently being defined.
+    code_index: u32,
+
+    /// The type information of the current module made available at the end of the
+    /// validation process.
+    types: Option<Types>,
+}
+
+impl<'data> ModuleTranslation<'data> {
+    /// Returns a reference to the type information of the current module.
+    pub fn get_types(&self) -> &Types {
+        self.types
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("module type information to be available")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Contains function data: byte code and its offset in the module.
+pub struct FunctionBodyData<'a> {
+    /// The body of the function, containing code and locals.
+    pub body: FunctionBody<'a>,
+    /// Validator for the function body
+    pub validator: FuncToValidate<ValidatorResources>,
+    /// The start index for call-indirects in this body.
+    pub call_indirect_start: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub struct DebugInfoData<'a> {
+    pub dwarf: Dwarf<'a>,
+    pub name_section: NameSection<'a>,
+    pub wasm_file: WasmFileInfo,
+    pub debug_loc: gimli::DebugLoc<Reader<'a>>,
+    pub debug_loclists: gimli::DebugLocLists<Reader<'a>>,
+    pub debug_ranges: gimli::DebugRanges<Reader<'a>>,
+    pub debug_rnglists: gimli::DebugRngLists<Reader<'a>>,
+    pub debug_cu_index: gimli::DebugCuIndex<Reader<'a>>,
+    pub debug_tu_index: gimli::DebugTuIndex<Reader<'a>>,
+}
+
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub type Dwarf<'input> = gimli::Dwarf<Reader<'input>>;
+
+type Reader<'input> = gimli::EndianSlice<'input, gimli::LittleEndian>;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub struct NameSection<'a> {
+    pub module_name: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub func_names: HashMap<FuncIndex, &'a str>,
+    pub locals_names: HashMap<FuncIndex, HashMap<u32, &'a str>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub struct WasmFileInfo {
+    pub path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub code_section_offset: u64,
+    pub imported_func_count: u32,
+    pub funcs: Vec<FunctionMetadata>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub struct FunctionMetadata {
+    pub params: Box<[WasmValType]>,
+    pub locals: Box<[(u32, WasmValType)]>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'data> ModuleEnvironment<'a, 'data> {
+    /// Allocates the environment data structures.
+    pub fn new(
+        tunables: &'a Tunables,
+        validator: &'a mut Validator,
+        types: &'a mut ModuleTypesBuilder,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            result: ModuleTranslation::default(),
+            types,
+            tunables,
+            validator,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Translate a wasm module using this environment.
+    ///
+    /// This function will translate the `data` provided with `parser`,
+    /// validating everything along the way with this environment's validator.
+    ///
+    /// The result of translation, [`ModuleTranslation`], contains everything
+    /// necessary to compile functions afterwards as well as learn type
+    /// information about the module at runtime.
+    pub fn translate(
+        mut self,
+        parser: Parser,
+        data: &'data [u8],
+    ) -> Result<ModuleTranslation<'data>> {
+        self.result.wasm = data;
+
+        for payload in parser.parse_all(data) {
+            self.translate_payload(payload?)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(self.result)
+    }
+
+    fn translate_payload(&mut self, payload: Payload<'data>) -> Result<()> {
+        match payload {
+            Payload::Version {
+                num,
+                encoding,
+                range,
+            } => {
+                self.validator.version(num, encoding, &range)?;
+                match encoding {
+                    Encoding::Module => {}
+                    Encoding::Component => {
+                        bail!("expected a WebAssembly module but was given a WebAssembly component")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::End(offset) => {
+                self.result.types = Some(self.validator.end(offset)?);
+
+                // With the `escaped_funcs` set of functions finished
+                // we can calculate the set of signatures that are exported as
+                // the set of exported functions' signatures.
+                self.result.exported_signatures = self
+                    .result
+                    .module
+                    .functions
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|(_, func)| {
+                        if func.is_escaping() {
+                            Some(func.signature)
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        }
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+                self.result.exported_signatures.sort_unstable();
+                self.result.exported_signatures.dedup();
+            }
+
+            Payload::TypeSection(types) => {
+                self.validator.type_section(&types)?;
+
+                let count = types.count();
+                let capacity = usize::try_from(count).unwrap();
+                self.result.module.types.reserve(capacity);
+                self.types.reserve_wasm_signatures(capacity);
+
+                // Iterate over each *rec group* -- not type -- defined in the
+                // types section. Rec groups are the unit of canonicalization
+                // and therefore the unit at which we need to process at a
+                // time. `wasmparser` has already done the hard work of
+                // de-duplicating and canonicalizing the rec groups within the
+                // module for us, we just need to translate them into our data
+                // structures. Note that, if the Wasm defines duplicate rec
+                // groups, we need copy the duplicates over (shallowly) as well,
+                // so that our types index space doesn't have holes.
+                let mut type_index = 0;
+                for _ in 0..count {
+                    let validator_types = self.validator.types(0).unwrap();
+
+                    // Get the rec group for the current type index, which is
+                    // always the first type defined in a rec group.
+                    let core_type_id = validator_types.core_type_at(type_index).unwrap_sub();
+                    log::trace!(
+                        "about to intern rec group for {core_type_id:?} = {:?}",
+                        validator_types[core_type_id]
+                    );
+                    let rec_group_id = validator_types.rec_group_id_of(core_type_id);
+                    debug_assert_eq!(
+                        validator_types
+                            .rec_group_elements(rec_group_id)
+                            .position(|id| id == core_type_id),
+                        Some(0)
+                    );
+
+                    // Intern the rec group and then fill in this module's types
+                    // index space.
+                    let interned = self.types.intern_rec_group(
+                        &self.result.module,
+                        validator_types,
+                        rec_group_id,
+                    )?;
+                    let elems = self.types.rec_group_elements(interned);
+                    let len = elems.len();
+                    self.result.module.types.reserve(len);
+                    for ty in elems {
+                        self.result.module.types.push(ty);
+                    }
+
+                    // Advance `type_index` to the start of the next rec group.
+                    type_index += u32::try_from(len).unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::ImportSection(imports) => {
+                self.validator.import_section(&imports)?;
+
+                let cnt = usize::try_from(imports.count()).unwrap();
+                self.result.module.initializers.reserve(cnt);
+
+                for entry in imports {
+                    let import = entry?;
+                    let ty = match import.ty {
+                        TypeRef::Func(index) => {
+                            let index = TypeIndex::from_u32(index);
+                            let interned_index = self.result.module.types[index];
+                            self.result.module.num_imported_funcs += 1;
+                            self.result.debuginfo.wasm_file.imported_func_count += 1;
+                            EntityType::Function(wasmtime_types::EngineOrModuleTypeIndex::Module(
+                                interned_index,
+                            ))
+                        }
+                        TypeRef::Memory(ty) => {
+                            self.result.module.num_imported_memories += 1;
+                            EntityType::Memory(ty.into())
+                        }
+                        TypeRef::Global(ty) => {
+                            self.result.module.num_imported_globals += 1;
+                            EntityType::Global(self.convert_global_type(&ty))
+                        }
+                        TypeRef::Table(ty) => {
+                            self.result.module.num_imported_tables += 1;
+                            EntityType::Table(self.convert_table_type(&ty)?)
+                        }
+
+                        // doesn't get past validation
+                        TypeRef::Tag(_) => unreachable!(),
+                    };
+                    self.declare_import(import.module, import.name, ty);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::FunctionSection(functions) => {
+                self.validator.function_section(&functions)?;
+
+                let cnt = usize::try_from(functions.count()).unwrap();
+                self.result.module.functions.reserve_exact(cnt);
+
+                for entry in functions {
+                    let sigindex = entry?;
+                    let ty = TypeIndex::from_u32(sigindex);
+                    let interned_index = self.result.module.types[ty];
+                    self.result.module.push_function(interned_index);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::TableSection(tables) => {
+                self.validator.table_section(&tables)?;
+                let cnt = usize::try_from(tables.count()).unwrap();
+                self.result.module.table_plans.reserve_exact(cnt);
+
+                for entry in tables {
+                    let wasmparser::Table { ty, init } = entry?;
+                    let table = self.convert_table_type(&ty)?;
+                    let plan = TablePlan::for_table(table, &self.tunables);
+                    self.result.module.table_plans.push(plan);
+                    let init = match init {
+                        wasmparser::TableInit::RefNull => TableInitialValue::Null {
+                            precomputed: Vec::new(),
+                        },
+                        wasmparser::TableInit::Expr(expr) => {
+                            let (init, escaped) = ConstExpr::from_wasmparser(expr)?;
+                            for f in escaped {
+                                self.flag_func_escaped(f);
+                            }
+                            TableInitialValue::Expr(init)
+                        }
+                    };
+                    self.result
+                        .module
+                        .table_initialization
+                        .initial_values
+                        .push(init);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::MemorySection(memories) => {
+                self.validator.memory_section(&memories)?;
+
+                let cnt = usize::try_from(memories.count()).unwrap();
+                self.result.module.memory_plans.reserve_exact(cnt);
+
+                for entry in memories {
+                    let memory = entry?;
+                    let plan = MemoryPlan::for_memory(memory.into(), &self.tunables);
+                    self.result.module.memory_plans.push(plan);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::TagSection(tags) => {
+                self.validator.tag_section(&tags)?;
+
+                // This feature isn't enabled at this time, so we should
+                // never get here.
+                unreachable!();
+            }
+
+            Payload::GlobalSection(globals) => {
+                self.validator.global_section(&globals)?;
+
+                let cnt = usize::try_from(globals.count()).unwrap();
+                self.result.module.globals.reserve_exact(cnt);
+
+                for entry in globals {
+                    let wasmparser::Global { ty, init_expr } = entry?;
+                    let (initializer, escaped) = ConstExpr::from_wasmparser(init_expr)?;
+                    for f in escaped {
+                        self.flag_func_escaped(f);
+                    }
+                    let ty = self.convert_global_type(&ty);
+                    self.result.module.globals.push(ty);
+                    self.result.module.global_initializers.push(initializer);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::ExportSection(exports) => {
+                self.validator.export_section(&exports)?;
+
+                let cnt = usize::try_from(exports.count()).unwrap();
+                self.result.module.exports.reserve(cnt);
+
+                for entry in exports {
+                    let wasmparser::Export { name, kind, index } = entry?;
+                    let entity = match kind {
+                        ExternalKind::Func => {
+                            let index = FuncIndex::from_u32(index);
+                            self.flag_func_escaped(index);
+                            EntityIndex::Function(index)
+                        }
+                        ExternalKind::Table => EntityIndex::Table(TableIndex::from_u32(index)),
+                        ExternalKind::Memory => EntityIndex::Memory(MemoryIndex::from_u32(index)),
+                        ExternalKind::Global => EntityIndex::Global(GlobalIndex::from_u32(index)),
+
+                        // this never gets past validation
+                        ExternalKind::Tag => unreachable!(),
+                    };
+                    if let EntityIndex::Table(table) = entity {
+                        self.flag_written_table(table);
+                    }
+                    self.result
+                        .module
+                        .exports
+                        .insert(String::from(name), entity);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::StartSection { func, range } => {
+                self.validator.start_section(func, &range)?;
+
+                let func_index = FuncIndex::from_u32(func);
+                self.flag_func_escaped(func_index);
+                debug_assert!(self.result.module.start_func.is_none());
+                self.result.module.start_func = Some(func_index);
+            }
+
+            Payload::ElementSection(elements) => {
+                self.validator.element_section(&elements)?;
+
+                for (index, entry) in elements.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                    let wasmparser::Element {
+                        kind,
+                        items,
+                        range: _,
+                    } = entry?;
+
+                    // Build up a list of `FuncIndex` corresponding to all the
+                    // entries listed in this segment. Note that it's not
+                    // possible to create anything other than a `ref.null
+                    // extern` for externref segments, so those just get
+                    // translated to the reserved value of `FuncIndex`.
+                    let elements = match items {
+                        ElementItems::Functions(funcs) => {
+                            let mut elems =
+                                Vec::with_capacity(usize::try_from(funcs.count()).unwrap());
+                            for func in funcs {
+                                let func = FuncIndex::from_u32(func?);
+                                self.flag_func_escaped(func);
+                                elems.push(func);
+                            }
+                            TableSegmentElements::Functions(elems.into())
+                        }
+                        ElementItems::Expressions(_ty, items) => {
+                            let mut exprs =
+                                Vec::with_capacity(usize::try_from(items.count()).unwrap());
+                            for expr in items {
+                                let (expr, escaped) = ConstExpr::from_wasmparser(expr?)?;
+                                exprs.push(expr);
+                                for func in escaped {
+                                    self.flag_func_escaped(func);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            TableSegmentElements::Expressions(exprs.into())
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    match kind {
+                        ElementKind::Active {
+                            table_index,
+                            offset_expr,
+                        } => {
+                            let table_index = TableIndex::from_u32(table_index.unwrap_or(0));
+                            let (offset, escaped) = ConstExpr::from_wasmparser(offset_expr)?;
+                            debug_assert!(escaped.is_empty());
+
+                            if !offset.provably_nonzero_i32() {
+                                self.flag_table_possibly_non_null_zero_element(table_index);
+                            }
+
+                            self.result
+                                .module
+                                .table_initialization
+                                .segments
+                                .push(TableSegment {
+                                    table_index,
+                                    offset,
+                                    elements: elements.into(),
+                                });
+                        }
+
+                        ElementKind::Passive => {
+                            let elem_index = ElemIndex::from_u32(index as u32);
+                            let index = self.result.module.passive_elements.len();
+                            self.result.module.passive_elements.push(elements.into());
+                            self.result
+                                .module
+                                .passive_elements_map
+                                .insert(elem_index, index);
+                        }
+
+                        ElementKind::Declared => {}
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::CodeSectionStart { count, range, .. } => {
+                self.validator.code_section_start(count, &range)?;
+                let cnt = usize::try_from(count).unwrap();
+                self.result.function_body_inputs.reserve_exact(cnt);
+                self.result.debuginfo.wasm_file.code_section_offset = range.start as u64;
+            }
+
+            Payload::CodeSectionEntry(mut body) => {
+                let validator = self.validator.code_section_entry(&body)?;
+                body.allow_memarg64(self.validator.features().contains(WasmFeatures::MEMORY64));
+                let func_index =
+                    self.result.code_index + self.result.module.num_imported_funcs as u32;
+                let func_index = FuncIndex::from_u32(func_index);
+
+                let call_indirect_start = self.result.module.num_call_indirect_caches;
+
+                if self.tunables.generate_native_debuginfo {
+                    let sig_index = self.result.module.functions[func_index].signature;
+                    let sig = self.types[sig_index].unwrap_func();
+                    let mut locals = Vec::new();
+                    for pair in body.get_locals_reader()? {
+                        let (cnt, ty) = pair?;
+                        let ty = self.convert_valtype(ty);
+                        locals.push((cnt, ty));
+                    }
+                    self.result
+                        .debuginfo
+                        .wasm_file
+                        .funcs
+                        .push(FunctionMetadata {
+                            locals: locals.into_boxed_slice(),
+                            params: sig.params().into(),
+                        });
+                }
+                self.prescan_code_section(&body)?;
+                body.allow_memarg64(self.validator.features().contains(WasmFeatures::MEMORY64));
+                self.result.function_body_inputs.push(FunctionBodyData {
+                    validator,
+                    body,
+                    call_indirect_start,
+                });
+                self.result.code_index += 1;
+            }
+
+            Payload::DataSection(data) => {
+                self.validator.data_section(&data)?;
+
+                let initializers = match &mut self.result.module.memory_initialization {
+                    MemoryInitialization::Segmented(i) => i,
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                };
+
+                let cnt = usize::try_from(data.count()).unwrap();
+                initializers.reserve_exact(cnt);
+                self.result.data.reserve_exact(cnt);
+
+                for (index, entry) in data.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                    let wasmparser::Data {
+                        kind,
+                        data,
+                        range: _,
+                    } = entry?;
+                    let mk_range = |total: &mut u32| -> Result<_, WasmError> {
+                        let range = u32::try_from(data.len())
+                            .ok()
+                            .and_then(|size| {
+                                let start = *total;
+                                let end = start.checked_add(size)?;
+                                Some(start..end)
+                            })
+                            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                                WasmError::Unsupported(format!(
+                                    "more than 4 gigabytes of data in wasm module",
+                                ))
+                            })?;
+                        *total += range.end - range.start;
+                        Ok(range)
+                    };
+                    match kind {
+                        DataKind::Active {
+                            memory_index,
+                            offset_expr,
+                        } => {
+                            let range = mk_range(&mut self.result.total_data)?;
+                            let memory_index = MemoryIndex::from_u32(memory_index);
+                            let (offset, escaped) = ConstExpr::from_wasmparser(offset_expr)?;
+                            debug_assert!(escaped.is_empty());
+
+                            initializers.push(MemoryInitializer {
+                                memory_index,
+                                offset,
+                                data: range,
+                            });
+                            self.result.data.push(data.into());
+                        }
+                        DataKind::Passive => {
+                            let data_index = DataIndex::from_u32(index as u32);
+                            let range = mk_range(&mut self.result.total_passive_data)?;
+                            self.result.passive_data.push(data);
+                            self.result
+                                .module
+                                .passive_data_map
+                                .insert(data_index, range);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::DataCountSection { count, range } => {
+                self.validator.data_count_section(count, &range)?;
+
+                // Note: the count passed in here is the *total* segment count
+                // There is no way to reserve for just the passive segments as
+                // they are discovered when iterating the data section entries
+                // Given that the total segment count might be much larger than
+                // the passive count, do not reserve anything here.
+            }
+
+            Payload::CustomSection(s) if s.name() == "name" => {
+                let result = self.name_section(NameSectionReader::new(s.data(), s.data_offset()));
+                if let Err(e) = result {
+                    log::warn!("failed to parse name section {:?}", e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Payload::CustomSection(s)
+                if s.name() == "webidl-bindings" || s.name() == "wasm-interface-types" =>
+            {
+                bail!(
+                    "\
+Support for interface types has temporarily been removed from `wasmtime`.
+
+For more information about this temporary change you can read on the issue online:
+
+    https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/1271
+
+and for re-adding support for interface types you can see this issue:
+
+    https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/677
+"
+                )
+            }
+
+            Payload::CustomSection(s) => {
+                self.register_dwarf_section(&s);
+            }
+
+            // It's expected that validation will probably reject other
+            // payloads such as `UnknownSection` or those related to the
+            // component model. If, however, something gets past validation then
+            // that's a bug in Wasmtime as we forgot to implement something.
+            other => {
+                self.validator.payload(&other)?;
+                panic!("unimplemented section in wasm file {:?}", other);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Check various properties in function bodies in a "pre-pass" as
+    /// needed, before we actually generate code. Currently this is
+    /// used for:
+    ///
+    /// - Call-indirect caching: we need to know whether a table is
+    ///   "immutable", i.e., there are opcodes that could update its
+    ///   entries. If this is the case then the optimization isn't
+    ///   applicable. We can check this by simply scanning all functions
+    ///   for the relevant opcodes.
+    ///
+    ///   We also need to know how many `call_indirect` opcodes are in
+    ///   the whole module so that we know how large a `vmctx` struct
+    ///   to reserve and what its layout will be; and the starting
+    ///   index in this count for each function, so we can generate
+    ///   its code (with accesses to its own `call_indirect` callsite
+    ///   caches) in parallel.
+    fn prescan_code_section(&mut self, body: &FunctionBody<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.tunables.cache_call_indirects {
+            for op in body.get_operators_reader()? {
+                let op = op?;
+                match op {
+                    // Check whether a table may be mutated by any
+                    // opcode. (Note that we separately check for
+                    // table exports so we can detect mutations from
+                    // the outside; here we are only concerned with
+                    // mutations by our own module's code.)
+                    Operator::TableSet { table }
+                    | Operator::TableFill { table }
+                    | Operator::TableInit { table, .. }
+                    | Operator::TableCopy {
+                        dst_table: table, ..
+                    } => {
+                        // We haven't yet validated the body during
+                        // this pre-scan, so we need to check that
+                        // `dst_table` is in bounds. Ignore if not:
+                        // we'll catch the error later.
+                        let table = TableIndex::from_u32(table);
+                        if table.index() < self.result.module.table_plans.len() {
+                            self.flag_written_table(table);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // Count the `call_indirect` sites so we can
+                    // assign them unique slots.
+                    //
+                    // We record the value of this counter as a
+                    // start-index as we start to scan each function,
+                    // and that function's compilation (which is
+                    // normally a separate parallel task) counts on
+                    // its own from that start index.
+                    Operator::CallIndirect { .. } => {
+                        self.result.module.num_call_indirect_caches += 1;
+
+                        // Cap the `num_call_indirect_caches` counter
+                        // at `max_call_indirect_cache_slots` so that
+                        // we don't allocate more than that amount of
+                        // space in the VMContext struct.
+                        //
+                        // Note that we also separately check against
+                        // this limit when emitting code for each
+                        // individual slot because we may cross the
+                        // limit in the middle of a function; also
+                        // once we hit the limit, the start-index for
+                        // each subsequent function will be saturated
+                        // at the limit.
+                        self.result.module.num_call_indirect_caches = core::cmp::min(
+                            self.result.module.num_call_indirect_caches,
+                            self.tunables.max_call_indirect_cache_slots,
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn register_dwarf_section(&mut self, section: &CustomSectionReader<'data>) {
+        let name = section.name().trim_end_matches(".dwo");
+        if !name.starts_with(".debug_") {
+            return;
+        }
+        if !self.tunables.generate_native_debuginfo && !self.tunables.parse_wasm_debuginfo {
+            self.result.has_unparsed_debuginfo = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        let info = &mut self.result.debuginfo;
+        let dwarf = &mut info.dwarf;
+        let endian = gimli::LittleEndian;
+        let data = section.data();
+        let slice = gimli::EndianSlice::new(data, endian);
+
+        match name {
+            // `gimli::Dwarf` fields.
+            ".debug_abbrev" => dwarf.debug_abbrev = gimli::DebugAbbrev::new(data, endian),
+            ".debug_addr" => dwarf.debug_addr = gimli::DebugAddr::from(slice),
+            ".debug_info" => {
+                dwarf.debug_info = gimli::DebugInfo::new(data, endian);
+            }
+            ".debug_line" => dwarf.debug_line = gimli::DebugLine::new(data, endian),
+            ".debug_line_str" => dwarf.debug_line_str = gimli::DebugLineStr::from(slice),
+            ".debug_str" => dwarf.debug_str = gimli::DebugStr::new(data, endian),
+            ".debug_str_offsets" => dwarf.debug_str_offsets = gimli::DebugStrOffsets::from(slice),
+            ".debug_str_sup" => {
+                let mut dwarf_sup: Dwarf<'data> = Default::default();
+                dwarf_sup.debug_str = gimli::DebugStr::from(slice);
+                dwarf.sup = Some(Arc::new(dwarf_sup));
+            }
+            ".debug_types" => dwarf.debug_types = gimli::DebugTypes::from(slice),
+
+            // Additional fields.
+            ".debug_loc" => info.debug_loc = gimli::DebugLoc::from(slice),
+            ".debug_loclists" => info.debug_loclists = gimli::DebugLocLists::from(slice),
+            ".debug_ranges" => info.debug_ranges = gimli::DebugRanges::new(data, endian),
+            ".debug_rnglists" => info.debug_rnglists = gimli::DebugRngLists::new(data, endian),
+
+            // DWARF package fields
+            ".debug_cu_index" => info.debug_cu_index = gimli::DebugCuIndex::new(data, endian),
+            ".debug_tu_index" => info.debug_tu_index = gimli::DebugTuIndex::new(data, endian),
+
+            // We don't use these at the moment.
+            ".debug_aranges" | ".debug_pubnames" | ".debug_pubtypes" => return,
+            other => {
+                log::warn!("unknown debug section `{}`", other);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        dwarf.ranges = gimli::RangeLists::new(info.debug_ranges, info.debug_rnglists);
+        dwarf.locations = gimli::LocationLists::new(info.debug_loc, info.debug_loclists);
+    }
+
+    /// Declares a new import with the `module` and `field` names, importing the
+    /// `ty` specified.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this method is somewhat tricky due to the implementation of
+    /// the module linking proposal. In the module linking proposal two-level
+    /// imports are recast as single-level imports of instances. That recasting
+    /// happens here by recording an import of an instance for the first time
+    /// we see a two-level import.
+    ///
+    /// When the module linking proposal is disabled, however, disregard this
+    /// logic and instead work directly with two-level imports since no
+    /// instances are defined.
+    fn declare_import(&mut self, module: &'data str, field: &'data str, ty: EntityType) {
+        let index = self.push_type(ty);
+        self.result.module.initializers.push(Initializer::Import {
+            name: module.to_owned(),
+            field: field.to_owned(),
+            index,
+        });
+    }
+
+    fn push_type(&mut self, ty: EntityType) -> EntityIndex {
+        match ty {
+            EntityType::Function(ty) => EntityIndex::Function({
+                let func_index = self
+                    .result
+                    .module
+                    .push_function(ty.unwrap_module_type_index());
+                // Imported functions can escape; in fact, they've already done
+                // so to get here.
+                self.flag_func_escaped(func_index);
+                func_index
+            }),
+            EntityType::Table(ty) => {
+                let plan = TablePlan::for_table(ty, &self.tunables);
+                EntityIndex::Table(self.result.module.table_plans.push(plan))
+            }
+            EntityType::Memory(ty) => {
+                let plan = MemoryPlan::for_memory(ty, &self.tunables);
+                EntityIndex::Memory(self.result.module.memory_plans.push(plan))
+            }
+            EntityType::Global(ty) => EntityIndex::Global(self.result.module.globals.push(ty)),
+            EntityType::Tag(_) => unimplemented!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flag_func_escaped(&mut self, func: FuncIndex) {
+        let ty = &mut self.result.module.functions[func];
+        // If this was already assigned a funcref index no need to re-assign it.
+        if ty.is_escaping() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let index = self.result.module.num_escaped_funcs as u32;
+        ty.func_ref = FuncRefIndex::from_u32(index);
+        self.result.module.num_escaped_funcs += 1;
+    }
+
+    fn flag_written_table(&mut self, table: TableIndex) {
+        self.result.module.table_plans[table].written = true;
+    }
+
+    fn flag_table_possibly_non_null_zero_element(&mut self, table: TableIndex) {
+        self.result.module.table_plans[table].non_null_zero = true;
+    }
+
+    /// Parses the Name section of the wasm module.
+    fn name_section(&mut self, names: NameSectionReader<'data>) -> WasmResult<()> {
+        for subsection in names {
+            match subsection? {
+                wasmparser::Name::Function(names) => {
+                    for name in names {
+                        let Naming { index, name } = name?;
+                        // Skip this naming if it's naming a function that
+                        // doesn't actually exist.
+                        if (index as usize) >= self.result.module.functions.len() {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // Store the name unconditionally, regardless of
+                        // whether we're parsing debuginfo, since function
+                        // names are almost always present in the
+                        // final compilation artifact.
+                        let index = FuncIndex::from_u32(index);
+                        self.result
+                            .debuginfo
+                            .name_section
+                            .func_names
+                            .insert(index, name);
+                    }
+                }
+                wasmparser::Name::Module { name, .. } => {
+                    self.result.module.name = Some(name.to_string());
+                    if self.tunables.generate_native_debuginfo {
+                        self.result.debuginfo.name_section.module_name = Some(name);
+                    }
+                }
+                wasmparser::Name::Local(reader) => {
+                    if !self.tunables.generate_native_debuginfo {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    for f in reader {
+                        let f = f?;
+                        // Skip this naming if it's naming a function that
+                        // doesn't actually exist.
+                        if (f.index as usize) >= self.result.module.functions.len() {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        for name in f.names {
+                            let Naming { index, name } = name?;
+
+                            self.result
+                                .debuginfo
+                                .name_section
+                                .locals_names
+                                .entry(FuncIndex::from_u32(f.index))
+                                .or_insert(HashMap::new())
+                                .insert(index, name);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                wasmparser::Name::Label(_)
+                | wasmparser::Name::Type(_)
+                | wasmparser::Name::Table(_)
+                | wasmparser::Name::Global(_)
+                | wasmparser::Name::Memory(_)
+                | wasmparser::Name::Element(_)
+                | wasmparser::Name::Data(_)
+                | wasmparser::Name::Tag(_)
+                | wasmparser::Name::Field(_)
+                | wasmparser::Name::Unknown { .. } => {}
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypeConvert for ModuleEnvironment<'_, '_> {
+    fn lookup_heap_type(&self, index: wasmparser::UnpackedIndex) -> WasmHeapType {
+        WasmparserTypeConverter::new(&self.types, &self.result.module).lookup_heap_type(index)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ModuleTranslation<'_> {
+    /// Attempts to convert segmented memory initialization into static
+    /// initialization for the module that this translation represents.
+    ///
+    /// If this module's memory initialization is not compatible with paged
+    /// initialization then this won't change anything. Otherwise if it is
+    /// compatible then the `memory_initialization` field will be updated.
+    ///
+    /// Takes a `page_size` argument in order to ensure that all
+    /// initialization is page-aligned for mmap-ability, and
+    /// `max_image_size_always_allowed` to control how we decide
+    /// whether to use static init.
+    ///
+    /// We will try to avoid generating very sparse images, which are
+    /// possible if e.g. a module has an initializer at offset 0 and a
+    /// very high offset (say, 1 GiB). To avoid this, we use a dual
+    /// condition: we always allow images less than
+    /// `max_image_size_always_allowed`, and the embedder of Wasmtime
+    /// can set this if desired to ensure that static init should
+    /// always be done if the size of the module or its heaps is
+    /// otherwise bounded by the system. We also allow images with
+    /// static init data bigger than that, but only if it is "dense",
+    /// defined as having at least half (50%) of its pages with some
+    /// data.
+    ///
+    /// We could do something slightly better by building a dense part
+    /// and keeping a sparse list of outlier/leftover segments (see
+    /// issue #3820). This would also allow mostly-static init of
+    /// modules that have some dynamically-placed data segments. But,
+    /// for now, this is sufficient to allow a system that "knows what
+    /// it's doing" to always get static init.
+    pub fn try_static_init(&mut self, page_size: u64, max_image_size_always_allowed: u64) {
+        // This method only attempts to transform a `Segmented` memory init
+        // into a `Static` one, no other state.
+        if !self.module.memory_initialization.is_segmented() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // First a dry run of memory initialization is performed. This
+        // collects information about the extent of memory initialized for each
+        // memory as well as the size of all data segments being copied in.
+        struct Memory {
+            data_size: u64,
+            min_addr: u64,
+            max_addr: u64,
+            // The `usize` here is a pointer into `self.data` which is the list
+            // of data segments corresponding to what was found in the original
+            // wasm module.
+            segments: Vec<(usize, StaticMemoryInitializer)>,
+        }
+        let mut info = PrimaryMap::with_capacity(self.module.memory_plans.len());
+        for _ in 0..self.module.memory_plans.len() {
+            info.push(Memory {
+                data_size: 0,
+                min_addr: u64::MAX,
+                max_addr: 0,
+                segments: Vec::new(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        struct InitMemoryAtCompileTime<'a> {
+            module: &'a Module,
+            info: &'a mut PrimaryMap<MemoryIndex, Memory>,
+            idx: usize,
+        }
+        impl InitMemory for InitMemoryAtCompileTime<'_> {
+            fn memory_size_in_pages(&mut self, memory_index: MemoryIndex) -> u64 {
+                self.module.memory_plans[memory_index].memory.minimum
+            }
+
+            fn eval_offset(&mut self, memory_index: MemoryIndex, expr: &ConstExpr) -> Option<u64> {
+                let mem64 = self.module.memory_plans[memory_index].memory.memory64;
+                match expr.ops() {
+                    &[ConstOp::I32Const(offset)] if !mem64 => Some(offset.unsigned().into()),
+                    &[ConstOp::I64Const(offset)] if mem64 => Some(offset.unsigned()),
+                    _ => None,
+                }
+            }
+
+            fn write(&mut self, memory: MemoryIndex, init: &StaticMemoryInitializer) -> bool {
+                // Currently `Static` only applies to locally-defined memories,
+                // so if a data segment references an imported memory then
+                // transitioning to a `Static` memory initializer is not
+                // possible.
+                if self.module.defined_memory_index(memory).is_none() {
+                    return false;
+                };
+                let info = &mut self.info[memory];
+                let data_len = u64::from(init.data.end - init.data.start);
+                if data_len > 0 {
+                    info.data_size += data_len;
+                    info.min_addr = info.min_addr.min(init.offset);
+                    info.max_addr = info.max_addr.max(init.offset + data_len);
+                    info.segments.push((self.idx, init.clone()));
+                }
+                self.idx += 1;
+                true
+            }
+        }
+        let ok = self
+            .module
+            .memory_initialization
+            .init_memory(&mut InitMemoryAtCompileTime {
+                idx: 0,
+                module: &self.module,
+                info: &mut info,
+            });
+        if !ok {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Validate that the memory information collected is indeed valid for
+        // static memory initialization.
+        for info in info.values().filter(|i| i.data_size > 0) {
+            let image_size = info.max_addr - info.min_addr;
+
+            // If the range of memory being initialized is less than twice the
+            // total size of the data itself then it's assumed that static
+            // initialization is ok. This means we'll at most double memory
+            // consumption during the memory image creation process, which is
+            // currently assumed to "probably be ok" but this will likely need
+            // tweaks over time.
+            if image_size < info.data_size.saturating_mul(2) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // If the memory initialization image is larger than the size of all
+            // data, then we still allow memory initialization if the image will
+            // be of a relatively modest size, such as 1MB here.
+            if image_size < max_image_size_always_allowed {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // At this point memory initialization is concluded to be too
+            // expensive to do at compile time so it's entirely deferred to
+            // happen at runtime.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Here's where we've now committed to changing to static memory. The
+        // memory initialization image is built here from the page data and then
+        // it's converted to a single initializer.
+        let data = mem::replace(&mut self.data, Vec::new());
+        let mut map = PrimaryMap::with_capacity(info.len());
+        let mut module_data_size = 0u32;
+        for (memory, info) in info.iter() {
+            // Create the in-memory `image` which is the initialized contents of
+            // this linear memory.
+            let extent = if info.segments.len() > 0 {
+                (info.max_addr - info.min_addr) as usize
+            } else {
+                0
+            };
+            let mut image = Vec::with_capacity(extent);
+            for (idx, init) in info.segments.iter() {
+                let data = &data[*idx];
+                assert_eq!(data.len(), init.data.len());
+                let offset = usize::try_from(init.offset - info.min_addr).unwrap();
+                if image.len() < offset {
+                    image.resize(offset, 0u8);
+                    image.extend_from_slice(data);
+                } else {
+                    image.splice(
+                        offset..(offset + data.len()).min(image.len()),
+                        data.iter().copied(),
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            assert_eq!(image.len(), extent);
+            assert_eq!(image.capacity(), extent);
+            let mut offset = if info.segments.len() > 0 {
+                info.min_addr
+            } else {
+                0
+            };
+
+            // Chop off trailing zeros from the image as memory is already
+            // zero-initialized. Note that `i` is the position of a nonzero
+            // entry here, so to not lose it we truncate to `i + 1`.
+            if let Some(i) = image.iter().rposition(|i| *i != 0) {
+                image.truncate(i + 1);
+            }
+
+            // Also chop off leading zeros, if any.
+            if let Some(i) = image.iter().position(|i| *i != 0) {
+                offset += i as u64;
+                image.drain(..i);
+            }
+            let mut len = u64::try_from(image.len()).unwrap();
+
+            // The goal is to enable mapping this image directly into memory, so
+            // the offset into linear memory must be a multiple of the page
+            // size. If that's not already the case then the image is padded at
+            // the front and back with extra zeros as necessary
+            if offset % page_size != 0 {
+                let zero_padding = offset % page_size;
+                self.data.push(vec![0; zero_padding as usize].into());
+                offset -= zero_padding;
+                len += zero_padding;
+            }
+            self.data.push(image.into());
+            if len % page_size != 0 {
+                let zero_padding = page_size - (len % page_size);
+                self.data.push(vec![0; zero_padding as usize].into());
+                len += zero_padding;
+            }
+
+            // Offset/length should now always be page-aligned.
+            assert!(offset % page_size == 0);
+            assert!(len % page_size == 0);
+
+            // Create the `StaticMemoryInitializer` which describes this image,
+            // only needed if the image is actually present and has a nonzero
+            // length. The `offset` has been calculates above, originally
+            // sourced from `info.min_addr`. The `data` field is the extent
+            // within the final data segment we'll emit to an ELF image, which
+            // is the concatenation of `self.data`, so here it's the size of
+            // the section-so-far plus the current segment we're appending.
+            let len = u32::try_from(len).unwrap();
+            let init = if len > 0 {
+                Some(StaticMemoryInitializer {
+                    offset,
+                    data: module_data_size..module_data_size + len,
+                })
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+            let idx = map.push(init);
+            assert_eq!(idx, memory);
+            module_data_size += len;
+        }
+        self.data_align = Some(page_size);
+        self.module.memory_initialization = MemoryInitialization::Static { map };
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to convert the module's table initializers to
+    /// FuncTable form where possible. This enables lazy table
+    /// initialization later by providing a one-to-one map of initial
+    /// table values, without having to parse all segments.
+    pub fn try_func_table_init(&mut self) {
+        // This should be large enough to support very large Wasm
+        // modules with huge funcref tables, but small enough to avoid
+        // OOMs or DoS on truly sparse tables.
+        const MAX_FUNC_TABLE_SIZE: u32 = 1024 * 1024;
+
+        // First convert any element-initialized tables to images of just that
+        // single function if the minimum size of the table allows doing so.
+        for ((_, init), (_, plan)) in self
+            .module
+            .table_initialization
+            .initial_values
+            .iter_mut()
+            .zip(
+                self.module
+                    .table_plans
+                    .iter()
+                    .skip(self.module.num_imported_tables),
+            )
+        {
+            let table_size = plan.table.minimum;
+            if table_size > MAX_FUNC_TABLE_SIZE {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if let TableInitialValue::Expr(expr) = init {
+                if let [ConstOp::RefFunc(f)] = expr.ops() {
+                    *init = TableInitialValue::Null {
+                        precomputed: vec![*f; table_size as usize],
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut segments = mem::take(&mut self.module.table_initialization.segments)
+            .into_iter()
+            .peekable();
+
+        // The goal of this loop is to interpret a table segment and apply it
+        // "statically" to a local table. This will iterate over segments and
+        // apply them one-by-one to each table.
+        //
+        // If any segment can't be applied, however, then this loop exits and
+        // all remaining segments are placed back into the segment list. This is
+        // because segments are supposed to be initialized one-at-a-time which
+        // means that intermediate state is visible with respect to traps. If
+        // anything isn't statically known to not trap it's pessimistically
+        // assumed to trap meaning all further segment initializers must be
+        // applied manually at instantiation time.
+        while let Some(segment) = segments.peek() {
+            let defined_index = match self.module.defined_table_index(segment.table_index) {
+                Some(index) => index,
+                // Skip imported tables: we can't provide a preconstructed
+                // table for them, because their values depend on the
+                // imported table overlaid with whatever segments we have.
+                None => break,
+            };
+
+            // If the base of this segment is dynamic, then we can't
+            // include it in the statically-built array of initial
+            // contents.
+            let offset = match segment.offset.ops() {
+                &[ConstOp::I32Const(offset)] => offset.unsigned(),
+                _ => break,
+            };
+
+            // Get the end of this segment. If out-of-bounds, or too
+            // large for our dense table representation, then skip the
+            // segment.
+            let top = match offset.checked_add(segment.elements.len()) {
+                Some(top) => top,
+                None => break,
+            };
+            let table_size = self.module.table_plans[segment.table_index].table.minimum;
+            if top > table_size || top > MAX_FUNC_TABLE_SIZE {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            match self.module.table_plans[segment.table_index]
+                .table
+                .wasm_ty
+                .heap_type
+                .top()
+            {
+                WasmHeapTopType::Func => {}
+                // If this is not a funcref table, then we can't support a
+                // pre-computed table of function indices. Technically this
+                // initializer won't trap so we could continue processing
+                // segments, but that's left as a future optimization if
+                // necessary.
+                WasmHeapTopType::Any | WasmHeapTopType::Extern => break,
+            }
+
+            // Function indices can be optimized here, but fully general
+            // expressions are deferred to get evaluated at runtime.
+            let function_elements = match &segment.elements {
+                TableSegmentElements::Functions(indices) => indices,
+                TableSegmentElements::Expressions(_) => break,
+            };
+
+            let precomputed =
+                match &mut self.module.table_initialization.initial_values[defined_index] {
+                    TableInitialValue::Null { precomputed } => precomputed,
+
+                    // If this table is still listed as an initial value here
+                    // then that means the initial size of the table doesn't
+                    // support a precomputed function list, so skip this.
+                    // Technically this won't trap so it's possible to process
+                    // further initializers, but that's left as a future
+                    // optimization.
+                    TableInitialValue::Expr(_) => break,
+                };
+
+            // At this point we're committing to pre-initializing the table
+            // with the `segment` that's being iterated over. This segment is
+            // applied to the `precomputed` list for the table by ensuring
+            // it's large enough to hold the segment and then copying the
+            // segment into the precomputed list.
+            if precomputed.len() < top as usize {
+                precomputed.resize(top as usize, FuncIndex::reserved_value());
+            }
+            let dst = &mut precomputed[offset as usize..top as usize];
+            dst.copy_from_slice(&function_elements);
+
+            // advance the iterator to see the next segment
+            let _ = segments.next();
+        }
+        self.module.table_initialization.segments = segments.collect();
+    }
+}