wasmtime 20.0.2 → 21.0.1

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-20.0.2/src/runtime/linker.rs

@@ -1,1521 +0,0 @@
-use crate::func::HostFunc;
-use crate::instance::InstancePre;
-use crate::store::StoreOpaque;
-use crate::{
-    AsContext, AsContextMut, Caller, Engine, Extern, ExternType, Func, FuncType, ImportType,
-    Instance, IntoFunc, Module, StoreContextMut, Val, ValRaw, ValType,
-};
-use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
-use log::warn;
-use std::collections::hash_map::{Entry, HashMap};
-#[cfg(feature = "async")]
-use std::future::Future;
-use std::marker;
-#[cfg(feature = "async")]
-use std::pin::Pin;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-/// Structure used to link wasm modules/instances together.
-///
-/// This structure is used to assist in instantiating a [`Module`]. A [`Linker`]
-/// is a way of performing name resolution to make instantiating a module easier
-/// than specifying positional imports to [`Instance::new`]. [`Linker`] is a
-/// name-based resolver where names are dynamically defined and then used to
-/// instantiate a [`Module`].
-///
-/// An important method is [`Linker::instantiate`] which takes a module to
-/// instantiate into the provided store. This method will automatically select
-/// all the right imports for the [`Module`] to be instantiated, and will
-/// otherwise return an error if an import isn't satisfied.
-///
-/// ## Name Resolution
-///
-/// As mentioned previously, `Linker` is a form of name resolver. It will be
-/// using the string-based names of imports on a module to attempt to select a
-/// matching item to hook up to it. This name resolution has two-levels of
-/// namespaces, a module level and a name level. Each item is defined within a
-/// module and then has its own name. This basically follows the wasm standard
-/// for modularization.
-///
-/// Names in a `Linker` cannot be defined twice, but allowing duplicates by
-/// shadowing the previous definition can be controlled with the
-/// [`Linker::allow_shadowing`] method.
-///
-/// ## Commands and Reactors
-///
-/// The [`Linker`] type provides conveniences for working with WASI Commands and
-/// Reactors through the [`Linker::module`] method. This will automatically
-/// handle instantiation and calling `_start` and such as appropriate
-/// depending on the inferred type of module.
-///
-/// ## Type parameter `T`
-///
-/// It's worth pointing out that the type parameter `T` on [`Linker<T>`] does
-/// not represent that `T` is stored within a [`Linker`]. Rather the `T` is used
-/// to ensure that linker-defined functions and stores instantiated into all use
-/// the same matching `T` as host state.
-///
-/// ## Multiple `Store`s
-///
-/// The [`Linker`] type is designed to be compatible, in some scenarios, with
-/// instantiation in multiple [`Store`]s. Specifically host-defined functions
-/// created in [`Linker`] with [`Linker::func_new`], [`Linker::func_wrap`], and
-/// their async versions are compatible to instantiate into any [`Store`]. This
-/// enables programs which want to instantiate lots of modules to create one
-/// [`Linker`] value at program start up and use that continuously for each
-/// [`Store`] created over the lifetime of the program.
-///
-/// Note that once [`Store`]-owned items, such as [`Global`], are defined witin
-/// a [`Linker`] then it is no longer compatible with any [`Store`]. At that
-/// point only the [`Store`] that owns the [`Global`] can be used to instantiate
-/// modules.
-///
-/// ## Multiple `Engine`s
-///
-/// The [`Linker`] type is not compatible with usage between multiple [`Engine`]
-/// values. An [`Engine`] is provided when a [`Linker`] is created and only
-/// stores and items which originate from that [`Engine`] can be used with this
-/// [`Linker`]. If more than one [`Engine`] is used with a [`Linker`] then that
-/// may cause a panic at runtime, similar to how if a [`Func`] is used with the
-/// wrong [`Store`] that can also panic at runtime.
-///
-/// [`Store`]: crate::Store
-/// [`Global`]: crate::Global
-pub struct Linker<T> {
-    engine: Engine,
-    string2idx: HashMap<Arc<str>, usize>,
-    strings: Vec<Arc<str>>,
-    map: HashMap<ImportKey, Definition>,
-    allow_shadowing: bool,
-    allow_unknown_exports: bool,
-    _marker: marker::PhantomData<fn() -> T>,
-}
-
-impl<T> Clone for Linker<T> {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Linker<T> {
-        Linker {
-            engine: self.engine.clone(),
-            string2idx: self.string2idx.clone(),
-            strings: self.strings.clone(),
-            map: self.map.clone(),
-            allow_shadowing: self.allow_shadowing,
-            allow_unknown_exports: self.allow_unknown_exports,
-            _marker: self._marker,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
-struct ImportKey {
-    name: usize,
-    module: usize,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub(crate) enum Definition {
-    Extern(Extern, DefinitionType),
-    HostFunc(Arc<HostFunc>),
-}
-
-/// This is a sort of slimmed down `ExternType` which notably doesn't have a
-/// `FuncType`, which is an allocation, and additionally retains the current
-/// size of the table/memory.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub(crate) enum DefinitionType {
-    Func(wasmtime_runtime::VMSharedTypeIndex),
-    Global(wasmtime_environ::Global),
-    // Note that tables and memories store not only the original type
-    // information but additionally the current size of the table/memory, as
-    // this is used during linking since the min size specified in the type may
-    // no longer be the current size of the table/memory.
-    Table(wasmtime_environ::Table, u32),
-    Memory(wasmtime_environ::Memory, u64),
-}
-
-macro_rules! generate_wrap_async_func {
-    ($num:tt $($args:ident)*) => (paste::paste!{
-        /// Asynchronous analog of [`Linker::func_wrap`].
-        ///
-        /// For more information also see
-        /// [`Func::wrapN_async`](crate::Func::wrap1_async).
-        #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-        #[cfg(feature = "async")]
-        #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "async")))]
-        pub fn [<func_wrap $num _async>]<$($args,)* R>(
-            &mut self,
-            module: &str,
-            name: &str,
-            func: impl for<'a> Fn(Caller<'a, T>, $($args),*) -> Box<dyn Future<Output = R> + Send + 'a> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        ) -> Result<&mut Self>
-        where
-            $($args: crate::WasmTy,)*
-            R: crate::WasmRet,
-        {
-            assert!(
-                self.engine.config().async_support,
-                concat!(
-                    "cannot use `func_wrap",
-                    $num,
-                    "_async` without enabling async support on the config",
-                ),
-            );
-            self.func_wrap(module, name, move |mut caller: Caller<'_, T>, $($args: $args),*| {
-                let async_cx = caller.store.as_context_mut().0.async_cx().expect("Attempt to start async function on dying fiber");
-                let mut future = Pin::from(func(caller, $($args),*));
-                match unsafe { async_cx.block_on(future.as_mut()) } {
-                    Ok(ret) => ret.into_fallible(),
-                    Err(e) => R::fallible_from_error(e),
-                }
-            })
-        }
-    })
-}
-
-impl<T> Linker<T> {
-    /// Creates a new [`Linker`].
-    ///
-    /// The linker will define functions within the context of the `engine`
-    /// provided and can only instantiate modules for a [`Store`][crate::Store]
-    /// that is also defined within the same [`Engine`]. Usage of stores with
-    /// different [`Engine`]s may cause a panic when used with this [`Linker`].
-    pub fn new(engine: &Engine) -> Linker<T> {
-        Linker {
-            engine: engine.clone(),
-            map: HashMap::new(),
-            string2idx: HashMap::new(),
-            strings: Vec::new(),
-            allow_shadowing: false,
-            allow_unknown_exports: false,
-            _marker: marker::PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the [`Engine`] this is connected to.
-    pub fn engine(&self) -> &Engine {
-        &self.engine
-    }
-
-    /// Configures whether this [`Linker`] will shadow previous duplicate
-    /// definitions of the same signature.
-    ///
-    /// By default a [`Linker`] will disallow duplicate definitions of the same
-    /// signature. This method, however, can be used to instead allow duplicates
-    /// and have the latest definition take precedence when linking modules.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::<()>::new(&engine);
-    /// linker.func_wrap("", "", || {})?;
-    ///
-    /// // by default, duplicates are disallowed
-    /// assert!(linker.func_wrap("", "", || {}).is_err());
-    ///
-    /// // but shadowing can be configured to be allowed as well
-    /// linker.allow_shadowing(true);
-    /// linker.func_wrap("", "", || {})?;
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn allow_shadowing(&mut self, allow: bool) -> &mut Self {
-        self.allow_shadowing = allow;
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Configures whether this [`Linker`] will allow unknown exports from
-    /// command modules.
-    ///
-    /// By default a [`Linker`] will error when unknown exports are encountered
-    /// in a command module while using [`Linker::module`].
-    ///
-    /// This method can be used to allow unknown exports from command modules.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// # let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module)")?;
-    /// # let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    /// linker.allow_unknown_exports(true);
-    /// linker.module(&mut store, "mod", &module)?;
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn allow_unknown_exports(&mut self, allow: bool) -> &mut Self {
-        self.allow_unknown_exports = allow;
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Implement any imports of the given [`Module`] with a function which traps.
-    ///
-    /// By default a [`Linker`] will error when unknown imports are encountered
-    /// in a command module while using [`Linker::module`]. Use this function
-    /// when
-    ///
-    /// This method can be used to allow unknown imports from command modules.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// # let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module (import \"unknown\" \"import\" (func)))")?;
-    /// # let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    /// linker.define_unknown_imports_as_traps(&module)?;
-    /// linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module)?;
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
-    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))))]
-    pub fn define_unknown_imports_as_traps(&mut self, module: &Module) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        for import in module.imports() {
-            if let Err(import_err) = self._get_by_import(&import) {
-                if let ExternType::Func(func_ty) = import_err.ty() {
-                    self.func_new(import.module(), import.name(), func_ty, move |_, _, _| {
-                        bail!(import_err.clone());
-                    })?;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Implement any function imports of the [`Module`] with a function that
-    /// ignores its arguments and returns default values.
-    ///
-    /// Default values are either zero or null, depending on the value type.
-    ///
-    /// This method can be used to allow unknown imports from command modules.
-    ///
-    /// # Example
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// # let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module (import \"unknown\" \"import\" (func)))")?;
-    /// # let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    /// linker.define_unknown_imports_as_default_values(&module)?;
-    /// linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module)?;
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
-    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))))]
-    pub fn define_unknown_imports_as_default_values(
-        &mut self,
-        module: &Module,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        use crate::HeapType;
-
-        for import in module.imports() {
-            if let Err(import_err) = self._get_by_import(&import) {
-                if let ExternType::Func(func_ty) = import_err.ty() {
-                    let result_tys: Vec<_> = func_ty.results().collect();
-
-                    for ty in &result_tys {
-                        if ty.as_ref().map_or(false, |r| !r.is_nullable()) {
-                            bail!("no default value exists for type `{ty}`")
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    self.func_new(
-                        import.module(),
-                        import.name(),
-                        func_ty,
-                        move |_caller, _args, results| {
-                            for (result, ty) in results.iter_mut().zip(&result_tys) {
-                                *result = match ty {
-                                    ValType::I32 => Val::I32(0),
-                                    ValType::I64 => Val::I64(0),
-                                    ValType::F32 => Val::F32(0.0_f32.to_bits()),
-                                    ValType::F64 => Val::F64(0.0_f64.to_bits()),
-                                    ValType::V128 => Val::V128(0_u128.into()),
-                                    ValType::Ref(r) => {
-                                        debug_assert!(r.is_nullable());
-                                        match r.heap_type() {
-                                            HeapType::Func
-                                            | HeapType::Concrete(_)
-                                            | HeapType::NoFunc => Val::null_func_ref(),
-                                            HeapType::Extern => Val::null_extern_ref(),
-                                            HeapType::Any | HeapType::I31 | HeapType::None => {
-                                                Val::null_any_ref()
-                                            }
-                                        }
-                                    }
-                                };
-                            }
-                            Ok(())
-                        },
-                    )?;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Defines a new item in this [`Linker`].
-    ///
-    /// This method will add a new definition, by name, to this instance of
-    /// [`Linker`]. The `module` and `name` provided are what to name the
-    /// `item`.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the `module` and `name` already identify an item
-    /// of the same type as the `item` provided and if shadowing is disallowed.
-    /// For more information see the documentation on [`Linker`].
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// # let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    /// let ty = GlobalType::new(ValType::I32, Mutability::Const);
-    /// let global = Global::new(&mut store, ty, Val::I32(0x1234))?;
-    /// linker.define(&store, "host", "offset", global)?;
-    ///
-    /// let wat = r#"
-    ///     (module
-    ///         (import "host" "offset" (global i32))
-    ///         (memory 1)
-    ///         (data (global.get 0) "foo")
-    ///     )
-    /// "#;
-    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
-    /// linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module)?;
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn define(
-        &mut self,
-        store: impl AsContext<Data = T>,
-        module: &str,
-        name: &str,
-        item: impl Into<Extern>,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self> {
-        let store = store.as_context();
-        let key = self.import_key(module, Some(name));
-        self.insert(key, Definition::new(store.0, item.into()))?;
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Same as [`Linker::define`], except only the name of the import is
-    /// provided, not a module name as well.
-    ///
-    /// This is only relevant when working with the module linking proposal
-    /// where one-level names are allowed (in addition to two-level names).
-    /// Otherwise this method need not be used.
-    pub fn define_name(
-        &mut self,
-        store: impl AsContext<Data = T>,
-        name: &str,
-        item: impl Into<Extern>,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self> {
-        let store = store.as_context();
-        let key = self.import_key(name, None);
-        self.insert(key, Definition::new(store.0, item.into()))?;
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a [`Func::new`]-style function named in this linker.
-    ///
-    /// For more information see [`Linker::func_wrap`].
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// Panics if the given function type is not associated with the same engine
-    /// as this linker.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
-    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))))]
-    pub fn func_new(
-        &mut self,
-        module: &str,
-        name: &str,
-        ty: FuncType,
-        func: impl Fn(Caller<'_, T>, &[Val], &mut [Val]) -> Result<()> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self> {
-        assert!(ty.comes_from_same_engine(self.engine()));
-        let func = HostFunc::new(&self.engine, ty, func);
-        let key = self.import_key(module, Some(name));
-        self.insert(key, Definition::HostFunc(Arc::new(func)))?;
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a [`Func::new_unchecked`]-style function named in this linker.
-    ///
-    /// For more information see [`Linker::func_wrap`].
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// Panics if the given function type is not associated with the same engine
-    /// as this linker.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
-    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))))]
-    pub unsafe fn func_new_unchecked(
-        &mut self,
-        module: &str,
-        name: &str,
-        ty: FuncType,
-        func: impl Fn(Caller<'_, T>, &mut [ValRaw]) -> Result<()> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self> {
-        assert!(ty.comes_from_same_engine(self.engine()));
-        let func = HostFunc::new_unchecked(&self.engine, ty, func);
-        let key = self.import_key(module, Some(name));
-        self.insert(key, Definition::HostFunc(Arc::new(func)))?;
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a [`Func::new_async`]-style function named in this linker.
-    ///
-    /// For more information see [`Linker::func_wrap`].
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// This method panics in the following situations:
-    ///
-    /// * This linker is not associated with an [async
-    ///   config](crate::Config::async_support).
-    ///
-    /// * If the given function type is not associated with the same engine as
-    ///   this linker.
-    #[cfg(all(feature = "async", feature = "cranelift"))]
-    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all(feature = "async", feature = "cranelift"))))]
-    pub fn func_new_async<F>(
-        &mut self,
-        module: &str,
-        name: &str,
-        ty: FuncType,
-        func: F,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self>
-    where
-        F: for<'a> Fn(
-                Caller<'a, T>,
-                &'a [Val],
-                &'a mut [Val],
-            ) -> Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<()>> + Send + 'a>
-            + Send
-            + Sync
-            + 'static,
-    {
-        assert!(
-            self.engine.config().async_support,
-            "cannot use `func_new_async` without enabling async support in the config"
-        );
-        assert!(ty.comes_from_same_engine(self.engine()));
-        self.func_new(module, name, ty, move |mut caller, params, results| {
-            let async_cx = caller
-                .store
-                .as_context_mut()
-                .0
-                .async_cx()
-                .expect("Attempt to spawn new function on dying fiber");
-            let mut future = Pin::from(func(caller, params, results));
-            match unsafe { async_cx.block_on(future.as_mut()) } {
-                Ok(Ok(())) => Ok(()),
-                Ok(Err(trap)) | Err(trap) => Err(trap),
-            }
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Define a host function within this linker.
-    ///
-    /// For information about how the host function operates, see
-    /// [`Func::wrap`]. That includes information about translating Rust types
-    /// to WebAssembly native types.
-    ///
-    /// This method creates a host-provided function in this linker under the
-    /// provided name. This method is distinct in its capability to create a
-    /// [`Store`](crate::Store)-independent function. This means that the
-    /// function defined here can be used to instantiate instances in multiple
-    /// different stores, or in other words the function can be loaded into
-    /// different stores.
-    ///
-    /// Note that the capability mentioned here applies to all other
-    /// host-function-defining-methods on [`Linker`] as well. All of them can be
-    /// used to create instances of [`Func`] within multiple stores. In a
-    /// multithreaded program, for example, this means that the host functions
-    /// could be called concurrently if different stores are executing on
-    /// different threads.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the `module` and `name` already identify an item
-    /// of the same type as the `item` provided and if shadowing is disallowed.
-    /// For more information see the documentation on [`Linker`].
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    /// linker.func_wrap("host", "double", |x: i32| x * 2)?;
-    /// linker.func_wrap("host", "log_i32", |x: i32| println!("{}", x))?;
-    /// linker.func_wrap("host", "log_str", |caller: Caller<'_, ()>, ptr: i32, len: i32| {
-    ///     // ...
-    /// })?;
-    ///
-    /// let wat = r#"
-    ///     (module
-    ///         (import "host" "double" (func (param i32) (result i32)))
-    ///         (import "host" "log_i32" (func (param i32)))
-    ///         (import "host" "log_str" (func (param i32 i32)))
-    ///     )
-    /// "#;
-    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
-    ///
-    /// // instantiate in multiple different stores
-    /// for _ in 0..10 {
-    ///     let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    ///     linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module)?;
-    /// }
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn func_wrap<Params, Args>(
-        &mut self,
-        module: &str,
-        name: &str,
-        func: impl IntoFunc<T, Params, Args>,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self> {
-        let func = HostFunc::wrap(&self.engine, func);
-        let key = self.import_key(module, Some(name));
-        self.insert(key, Definition::HostFunc(Arc::new(func)))?;
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-
-    for_each_function_signature!(generate_wrap_async_func);
-
-    /// Convenience wrapper to define an entire [`Instance`] in this linker.
-    ///
-    /// This function is a convenience wrapper around [`Linker::define`] which
-    /// will define all exports on `instance` into this linker. The module name
-    /// for each export is `module_name`, and the name for each export is the
-    /// name in the instance itself.
-    ///
-    /// Note that when this API is used the [`Linker`] is no longer compatible
-    /// with multi-[`Store`][crate::Store] instantiation because the items
-    /// defined within this store will belong to the `store` provided, and only
-    /// the `store` provided.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the any item is redefined twice in this linker (for
-    /// example the same `module_name` was already defined) and shadowing is
-    /// disallowed, or if `instance` comes from a different
-    /// [`Store`](crate::Store) than this [`Linker`] originally was created
-    /// with.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// Panics if `instance` does not belong to `store`.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// # let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    ///
-    /// // Instantiate a small instance...
-    /// let wat = r#"(module (func (export "run") ))"#;
-    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
-    /// let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module)?;
-    ///
-    /// // ... and inform the linker that the name of this instance is
-    /// // `instance1`. This defines the `instance1::run` name for our next
-    /// // module to use.
-    /// linker.instance(&mut store, "instance1", instance)?;
-    ///
-    /// let wat = r#"
-    ///     (module
-    ///         (import "instance1" "run" (func $instance1_run))
-    ///         (func (export "run")
-    ///             call $instance1_run
-    ///         )
-    ///     )
-    /// "#;
-    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
-    /// let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module)?;
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn instance(
-        &mut self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>,
-        module_name: &str,
-        instance: Instance,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self> {
-        let mut store = store.as_context_mut();
-        let exports = instance
-            .exports(&mut store)
-            .map(|e| {
-                (
-                    self.import_key(module_name, Some(e.name())),
-                    e.into_extern(),
-                )
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        for (key, export) in exports {
-            self.insert(key, Definition::new(store.0, export))?;
-        }
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Define automatic instantiations of a [`Module`] in this linker.
-    ///
-    /// This automatically handles [Commands and Reactors] instantiation and
-    /// initialization.
-    ///
-    /// Exported functions of a Command module may be called directly, however
-    /// instead of having a single instance which is reused for each call,
-    /// each call creates a new instance, which lives for the duration of the
-    /// call. The imports of the Command are resolved once, and reused for
-    /// each instantiation, so all dependencies need to be present at the time
-    /// when `Linker::module` is called.
-    ///
-    /// For Reactors, a single instance is created, and an initialization
-    /// function is called, and then its exports may be called.
-    ///
-    /// Ordinary modules which don't declare themselves to be either Commands
-    /// or Reactors are treated as Reactors without any initialization calls.
-    ///
-    /// [Commands and Reactors]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/main/legacy/application-abi.md#current-unstable-abi
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the any item is redefined twice in this linker (for
-    /// example the same `module_name` was already defined) and shadowing is
-    /// disallowed, if `instance` comes from a different
-    /// [`Store`](crate::Store) than this [`Linker`] originally was created
-    /// with, or if a Reactor initialization function traps.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// Panics if any item used to instantiate the provided [`Module`] is not
-    /// owned by `store`, or if the `store` provided comes from a different
-    /// [`Engine`] than this [`Linker`].
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// # let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    ///
-    /// // Instantiate a small instance and inform the linker that the name of
-    /// // this instance is `instance1`. This defines the `instance1::run` name
-    /// // for our next module to use.
-    /// let wat = r#"(module (func (export "run") ))"#;
-    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
-    /// linker.module(&mut store, "instance1", &module)?;
-    ///
-    /// let wat = r#"
-    ///     (module
-    ///         (import "instance1" "run" (func $instance1_run))
-    ///         (func (export "run")
-    ///             call $instance1_run
-    ///         )
-    ///     )
-    /// "#;
-    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
-    /// let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module)?;
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    ///
-    /// For a Command, a new instance is created for each call.
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// # let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    ///
-    /// // Create a Command that attempts to count the number of times it is run, but is
-    /// // foiled by each call getting a new instance.
-    /// let wat = r#"
-    ///     (module
-    ///         (global $counter (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
-    ///         (func (export "_start")
-    ///             (global.set $counter (i32.add (global.get $counter) (i32.const 1)))
-    ///         )
-    ///         (func (export "read_counter") (result i32)
-    ///             (global.get $counter)
-    ///         )
-    ///     )
-    /// "#;
-    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
-    /// linker.module(&mut store, "commander", &module)?;
-    /// let run = linker.get_default(&mut store, "")?
-    ///     .typed::<(), ()>(&store)?
-    ///     .clone();
-    /// run.call(&mut store, ())?;
-    /// run.call(&mut store, ())?;
-    /// run.call(&mut store, ())?;
-    ///
-    /// let wat = r#"
-    ///     (module
-    ///         (import "commander" "_start" (func $commander_start))
-    ///         (import "commander" "read_counter" (func $commander_read_counter (result i32)))
-    ///         (func (export "run") (result i32)
-    ///             call $commander_start
-    ///             call $commander_start
-    ///             call $commander_start
-    ///             call $commander_read_counter
-    ///         )
-    ///     )
-    /// "#;
-    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
-    /// linker.module(&mut store, "", &module)?;
-    /// let run = linker.get(&mut store, "", "run").unwrap().into_func().unwrap();
-    /// let count = run.typed::<(), i32>(&store)?.call(&mut store, ())?;
-    /// assert_eq!(count, 0, "a Command should get a fresh instance on each invocation");
-    ///
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
-    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))))]
-    pub fn module(
-        &mut self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>,
-        module_name: &str,
-        module: &Module,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self>
-    where
-        T: 'static,
-    {
-        // NB: this is intended to function the same as `Linker::module_async`,
-        // they should be kept in sync.
-
-        // This assert isn't strictly necessary since it'll bottom out in the
-        // `HostFunc::to_func` method anyway. This is placed earlier for this
-        // function though to prevent the functions created here from delaying
-        // the panic until they're called.
-        assert!(
-            Engine::same(&self.engine, store.as_context().engine()),
-            "different engines for this linker and the store provided"
-        );
-        match ModuleKind::categorize(module)? {
-            ModuleKind::Command => {
-                self.command(
-                    store,
-                    module_name,
-                    module,
-                    |store, func_ty, export_name, instance_pre| {
-                        Func::new(
-                            store,
-                            func_ty.clone(),
-                            move |mut caller, params, results| {
-                                // Create a new instance for this command execution.
-                                let instance = instance_pre.instantiate(&mut caller)?;
-
-                                // `unwrap()` everything here because we know the instance contains a
-                                // function export with the given name and signature because we're
-                                // iterating over the module it was instantiated from.
-                                instance
-                                    .get_export(&mut caller, &export_name)
-                                    .unwrap()
-                                    .into_func()
-                                    .unwrap()
-                                    .call(&mut caller, params, results)?;
-
-                                Ok(())
-                            },
-                        )
-                    },
-                )
-            }
-            ModuleKind::Reactor => {
-                let instance = self.instantiate(&mut store, &module)?;
-
-                if let Some(export) = instance.get_export(&mut store, "_initialize") {
-                    if let Extern::Func(func) = export {
-                        func.typed::<(), ()>(&store)
-                            .and_then(|f| f.call(&mut store, ()).map_err(Into::into))
-                            .context("calling the Reactor initialization function")?;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                self.instance(store, module_name, instance)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Define automatic instantiations of a [`Module`] in this linker.
-    ///
-    /// This is the same as [`Linker::module`], except for async `Store`s.
-    #[cfg(all(feature = "async", feature = "cranelift"))]
-    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all(feature = "async", feature = "cranelift"))))]
-    pub async fn module_async(
-        &mut self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>,
-        module_name: &str,
-        module: &Module,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self>
-    where
-        T: Send + 'static,
-    {
-        // NB: this is intended to function the same as `Linker::module`, they
-        // should be kept in sync.
-        assert!(
-            Engine::same(&self.engine, store.as_context().engine()),
-            "different engines for this linker and the store provided"
-        );
-        match ModuleKind::categorize(module)? {
-            ModuleKind::Command => self.command(
-                store,
-                module_name,
-                module,
-                |store, func_ty, export_name, instance_pre| {
-                    let upvars = Arc::new((instance_pre, export_name));
-                    Func::new_async(
-                        store,
-                        func_ty.clone(),
-                        move |mut caller, params, results| {
-                            let upvars = upvars.clone();
-                            Box::new(async move {
-                                let (instance_pre, export_name) = &*upvars;
-                                let instance = instance_pre.instantiate_async(&mut caller).await?;
-
-                                instance
-                                    .get_export(&mut caller, &export_name)
-                                    .unwrap()
-                                    .into_func()
-                                    .unwrap()
-                                    .call_async(&mut caller, params, results)
-                                    .await?;
-                                Ok(())
-                            })
-                        },
-                    )
-                },
-            ),
-            ModuleKind::Reactor => {
-                let instance = self.instantiate_async(&mut store, &module).await?;
-
-                if let Some(export) = instance.get_export(&mut store, "_initialize") {
-                    if let Extern::Func(func) = export {
-                        let func = func
-                            .typed::<(), ()>(&store)
-                            .context("loading the Reactor initialization function")?;
-                        func.call_async(&mut store, ())
-                            .await
-                            .context("calling the Reactor initialization function")?;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                self.instance(store, module_name, instance)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn command(
-        &mut self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>,
-        module_name: &str,
-        module: &Module,
-        mk_func: impl Fn(&mut StoreContextMut<T>, &FuncType, String, InstancePre<T>) -> Func,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self>
-    where
-        T: 'static,
-    {
-        let mut store = store.as_context_mut();
-        for export in module.exports() {
-            if let Some(func_ty) = export.ty().func() {
-                let instance_pre = self.instantiate_pre(module)?;
-                let export_name = export.name().to_owned();
-                let func = mk_func(&mut store, func_ty, export_name, instance_pre);
-                let key = self.import_key(module_name, Some(export.name()));
-                self.insert(key, Definition::new(store.0, func.into()))?;
-            } else if export.name() == "memory" && export.ty().memory().is_some() {
-                // Allow an exported "memory" memory for now.
-            } else if export.name() == "__indirect_function_table" && export.ty().table().is_some()
-            {
-                // Allow an exported "__indirect_function_table" table for now.
-            } else if export.name() == "table" && export.ty().table().is_some() {
-                // Allow an exported "table" table for now.
-            } else if export.name() == "__data_end" && export.ty().global().is_some() {
-                // Allow an exported "__data_end" memory for compatibility with toolchains
-                // which use --export-dynamic, which unfortunately doesn't work the way
-                // we want it to.
-                warn!("command module exporting '__data_end' is deprecated");
-            } else if export.name() == "__heap_base" && export.ty().global().is_some() {
-                // Allow an exported "__data_end" memory for compatibility with toolchains
-                // which use --export-dynamic, which unfortunately doesn't work the way
-                // we want it to.
-                warn!("command module exporting '__heap_base' is deprecated");
-            } else if export.name() == "__dso_handle" && export.ty().global().is_some() {
-                // Allow an exported "__dso_handle" memory for compatibility with toolchains
-                // which use --export-dynamic, which unfortunately doesn't work the way
-                // we want it to.
-                warn!("command module exporting '__dso_handle' is deprecated")
-            } else if export.name() == "__rtti_base" && export.ty().global().is_some() {
-                // Allow an exported "__rtti_base" memory for compatibility with
-                // AssemblyScript.
-                warn!("command module exporting '__rtti_base' is deprecated; pass `--runtime half` to the AssemblyScript compiler");
-            } else if !self.allow_unknown_exports {
-                bail!("command export '{}' is not a function", export.name());
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Aliases one item's name as another.
-    ///
-    /// This method will alias an item with the specified `module` and `name`
-    /// under a new name of `as_module` and `as_name`.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if any shadowing violations happen while defining new
-    /// items, or if the original item wasn't defined.
-    pub fn alias(
-        &mut self,
-        module: &str,
-        name: &str,
-        as_module: &str,
-        as_name: &str,
-    ) -> Result<&mut Self> {
-        let src = self.import_key(module, Some(name));
-        let dst = self.import_key(as_module, Some(as_name));
-        match self.map.get(&src).cloned() {
-            Some(item) => self.insert(dst, item)?,
-            None => bail!("no item named `{}::{}` defined", module, name),
-        }
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Aliases one module's name as another.
-    ///
-    /// This method will alias all currently defined under `module` to also be
-    /// defined under the name `as_module` too.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if any shadowing violations happen while defining new
-    /// items.
-    pub fn alias_module(&mut self, module: &str, as_module: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        let module = self.intern_str(module);
-        let as_module = self.intern_str(as_module);
-        let items = self
-            .map
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|(key, _def)| key.module == module)
-            .map(|(key, def)| (key.name, def.clone()))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        for (name, item) in items {
-            self.insert(
-                ImportKey {
-                    module: as_module,
-                    name,
-                },
-                item,
-            )?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn insert(&mut self, key: ImportKey, item: Definition) -> Result<()> {
-        match self.map.entry(key) {
-            Entry::Occupied(_) if !self.allow_shadowing => {
-                let module = &self.strings[key.module];
-                let desc = match self.strings.get(key.name) {
-                    Some(name) => format!("{}::{}", module, name),
-                    None => module.to_string(),
-                };
-                bail!("import of `{}` defined twice", desc)
-            }
-            Entry::Occupied(mut o) => {
-                o.insert(item);
-            }
-            Entry::Vacant(v) => {
-                v.insert(item);
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn import_key(&mut self, module: &str, name: Option<&str>) -> ImportKey {
-        ImportKey {
-            module: self.intern_str(module),
-            name: name
-                .map(|name| self.intern_str(name))
-                .unwrap_or(usize::max_value()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn intern_str(&mut self, string: &str) -> usize {
-        if let Some(idx) = self.string2idx.get(string) {
-            return *idx;
-        }
-        let string: Arc<str> = string.into();
-        let idx = self.strings.len();
-        self.strings.push(string.clone());
-        self.string2idx.insert(string, idx);
-        idx
-    }
-
-    /// Attempts to instantiate the `module` provided.
-    ///
-    /// This method will attempt to assemble a list of imports that correspond
-    /// to the imports required by the [`Module`] provided. This list
-    /// of imports is then passed to [`Instance::new`] to continue the
-    /// instantiation process.
-    ///
-    /// Each import of `module` will be looked up in this [`Linker`] and must
-    /// have previously been defined. If it was previously defined with an
-    /// incorrect signature or if it was not previously defined then an error
-    /// will be returned because the import can not be satisfied.
-    ///
-    /// Per the WebAssembly spec, instantiation includes running the module's
-    /// start function, if it has one (not to be confused with the `_start`
-    /// function, which is not run).
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// This method can fail because an import may not be found, or because
-    /// instantiation itself may fail. For information on instantiation
-    /// failures see [`Instance::new`]. If an import is not found, the error
-    /// may be downcast to an [`UnknownImportError`].
-    ///
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// Panics if any item used to instantiate `module` is not owned by
-    /// `store`. Additionally this will panic if the [`Engine`] that the `store`
-    /// belongs to is different than this [`Linker`].
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// # let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    /// linker.func_wrap("host", "double", |x: i32| x * 2)?;
-    ///
-    /// let wat = r#"
-    ///     (module
-    ///         (import "host" "double" (func (param i32) (result i32)))
-    ///     )
-    /// "#;
-    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
-    /// linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module)?;
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn instantiate(
-        &self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>,
-        module: &Module,
-    ) -> Result<Instance> {
-        self._instantiate_pre(module, Some(store.as_context_mut().0))?
-            .instantiate(store)
-    }
-
-    /// Attempts to instantiate the `module` provided. This is the same as
-    /// [`Linker::instantiate`], except for async `Store`s.
-    #[cfg(feature = "async")]
-    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "async")))]
-    pub async fn instantiate_async(
-        &self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>,
-        module: &Module,
-    ) -> Result<Instance>
-    where
-        T: Send,
-    {
-        self._instantiate_pre(module, Some(store.as_context_mut().0))?
-            .instantiate_async(store)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    /// Performs all checks necessary for instantiating `module` with this
-    /// linker, except that instantiation doesn't actually finish.
-    ///
-    /// This method is used for front-loading type-checking information as well
-    /// as collecting the imports to use to instantiate a module with. The
-    /// returned [`InstancePre`] represents a ready-to-be-instantiated module,
-    /// which can also be instantiated multiple times if desired.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error which may be downcast to an [`UnknownImportError`] if
-    /// the module has any unresolvable imports.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use wasmtime::*;
-    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
-    /// # let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    /// let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    /// linker.func_wrap("host", "double", |x: i32| x * 2)?;
-    ///
-    /// let wat = r#"
-    ///     (module
-    ///         (import "host" "double" (func (param i32) (result i32)))
-    ///     )
-    /// "#;
-    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
-    /// let instance_pre = linker.instantiate_pre(&module)?;
-    ///
-    /// // Finish instantiation after the type-checking has all completed...
-    /// let instance = instance_pre.instantiate(&mut store)?;
-    ///
-    /// // ... and we can even continue to keep instantiating if desired!
-    /// instance_pre.instantiate(&mut store)?;
-    /// instance_pre.instantiate(&mut store)?;
-    ///
-    /// // Note that functions defined in a linker with `func_wrap` and similar
-    /// // constructors are not owned by any particular `Store`, so we can also
-    /// // instantiate our `instance_pre` in other stores because no imports
-    /// // belong to the original store.
-    /// let mut new_store = Store::new(&engine, ());
-    /// instance_pre.instantiate(&mut new_store)?;
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn instantiate_pre(&self, module: &Module) -> Result<InstancePre<T>> {
-        self._instantiate_pre(module, None)
-    }
-
-    /// This is split out to optionally take a `store` so that when the
-    /// `.instantiate` API is used we can get fresh up-to-date type information
-    /// for memories and their current size, if necessary.
-    ///
-    /// Note that providing a `store` here is not required for correctness
-    /// per-se. If one is not provided, such as the with the `instantiate_pre`
-    /// API, then the type information used for memories and tables will reflect
-    /// their size when inserted into the linker rather than their current size.
-    /// This isn't expected to be much of a problem though since
-    /// per-store-`Linker` types are likely using `.instantiate(..)` and
-    /// per-`Engine` linkers don't have memories/tables in them.
-    fn _instantiate_pre(
-        &self,
-        module: &Module,
-        store: Option<&StoreOpaque>,
-    ) -> Result<InstancePre<T>> {
-        let mut imports = module
-            .imports()
-            .map(|import| self._get_by_import(&import))
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-        if let Some(store) = store {
-            for import in imports.iter_mut() {
-                import.update_size(store);
-            }
-        }
-        unsafe { InstancePre::new(module, imports) }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns an iterator over all items defined in this `Linker`, in
-    /// arbitrary order.
-    ///
-    /// The iterator returned will yield 3-tuples where the first two elements
-    /// are the module name and item name for the external item, and the third
-    /// item is the item itself that is defined.
-    ///
-    /// Note that multiple `Extern` items may be defined for the same
-    /// module/name pair.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// This function will panic if the `store` provided does not come from the
-    /// same [`Engine`] that this linker was created with.
-    pub fn iter<'a: 'p, 'p>(
-        &'a self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T> + 'p,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&str, &str, Extern)> + 'p {
-        self.map.iter().map(move |(key, item)| {
-            let store = store.as_context_mut();
-            (
-                &*self.strings[key.module],
-                &*self.strings[key.name],
-                // Should be safe since `T` is connecting the linker and store
-                unsafe { item.to_extern(store.0) },
-            )
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Looks up a previously defined value in this [`Linker`], identified by
-    /// the names provided.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if this name was not previously defined in this
-    /// [`Linker`].
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// This function will panic if the `store` provided does not come from the
-    /// same [`Engine`] that this linker was created with.
-    pub fn get(
-        &self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>,
-        module: &str,
-        name: &str,
-    ) -> Option<Extern> {
-        let store = store.as_context_mut().0;
-        // Should be safe since `T` is connecting the linker and store
-        Some(unsafe { self._get(module, name)?.to_extern(store) })
-    }
-
-    fn _get(&self, module: &str, name: &str) -> Option<&Definition> {
-        let key = ImportKey {
-            module: *self.string2idx.get(module)?,
-            name: *self.string2idx.get(name)?,
-        };
-        self.map.get(&key)
-    }
-
-    /// Looks up a value in this `Linker` which matches the `import` type
-    /// provided.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if no match was found.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// This function will panic if the `store` provided does not come from the
-    /// same [`Engine`] that this linker was created with.
-    pub fn get_by_import(
-        &self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>,
-        import: &ImportType,
-    ) -> Option<Extern> {
-        let store = store.as_context_mut().0;
-        // Should be safe since `T` is connecting the linker and store
-        Some(unsafe { self._get_by_import(import).ok()?.to_extern(store) })
-    }
-
-    fn _get_by_import(&self, import: &ImportType) -> Result<Definition, UnknownImportError> {
-        match self._get(import.module(), import.name()) {
-            Some(item) => Ok(item.clone()),
-            None => Err(UnknownImportError::new(import)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the "default export" of a module.
-    ///
-    /// An export with an empty string is considered to be a "default export".
-    /// "_start" is also recognized for compatibility.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// Panics if the default function found is not owned by `store`. This
-    /// function will also panic if the `store` provided does not come from the
-    /// same [`Engine`] that this linker was created with.
-    pub fn get_default(
-        &self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>,
-        module: &str,
-    ) -> Result<Func> {
-        if let Some(external) = self.get(&mut store, module, "") {
-            if let Extern::Func(func) = external {
-                return Ok(func.clone());
-            }
-            bail!("default export in '{}' is not a function", module);
-        }
-
-        // For compatibility, also recognize "_start".
-        if let Some(external) = self.get(&mut store, module, "_start") {
-            if let Extern::Func(func) = external {
-                return Ok(func.clone());
-            }
-            bail!("`_start` in '{}' is not a function", module);
-        }
-
-        // Otherwise return a no-op function.
-        Ok(Func::wrap(store, || {}))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> Default for Linker<T> {
-    fn default() -> Linker<T> {
-        Linker::new(&Engine::default())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Definition {
-    fn new(store: &StoreOpaque, item: Extern) -> Definition {
-        let ty = DefinitionType::from(store, &item);
-        Definition::Extern(item, ty)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn ty(&self) -> DefinitionType {
-        match self {
-            Definition::Extern(_, ty) => ty.clone(),
-            Definition::HostFunc(func) => DefinitionType::Func(func.sig_index()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Note the unsafety here is due to calling `HostFunc::to_func`. The
-    /// requirement here is that the `T` that was originally used to create the
-    /// `HostFunc` matches the `T` on the store.
-    pub(crate) unsafe fn to_extern(&self, store: &mut StoreOpaque) -> Extern {
-        match self {
-            Definition::Extern(e, _) => e.clone(),
-            Definition::HostFunc(func) => func.to_func(store).into(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn comes_from_same_store(&self, store: &StoreOpaque) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Definition::Extern(e, _) => e.comes_from_same_store(store),
-            Definition::HostFunc(_func) => true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn update_size(&mut self, store: &StoreOpaque) {
-        match self {
-            Definition::Extern(Extern::Memory(m), DefinitionType::Memory(_, size)) => {
-                *size = m.internal_size(store);
-            }
-            Definition::Extern(Extern::SharedMemory(m), DefinitionType::Memory(_, size)) => {
-                *size = m.size();
-            }
-            Definition::Extern(Extern::Table(m), DefinitionType::Table(_, size)) => {
-                *size = m.internal_size(store);
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl DefinitionType {
-    pub(crate) fn from(store: &StoreOpaque, item: &Extern) -> DefinitionType {
-        let data = store.store_data();
-        match item {
-            Extern::Func(f) => DefinitionType::Func(f.type_index(data)),
-            Extern::Table(t) => DefinitionType::Table(*t.wasmtime_ty(data), t.internal_size(store)),
-            Extern::Global(t) => DefinitionType::Global(*t.wasmtime_ty(data)),
-            Extern::Memory(t) => {
-                DefinitionType::Memory(*t.wasmtime_ty(data), t.internal_size(store))
-            }
-            Extern::SharedMemory(t) => DefinitionType::Memory(*t.ty().wasmtime_memory(), t.size()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn desc(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            DefinitionType::Func(_) => "function",
-            DefinitionType::Table(..) => "table",
-            DefinitionType::Memory(..) => "memory",
-            DefinitionType::Global(_) => "global",
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Modules can be interpreted either as Commands or Reactors.
-enum ModuleKind {
-    /// The instance is a Command, meaning an instance is created for each
-    /// exported function and lives for the duration of the function call.
-    Command,
-
-    /// The instance is a Reactor, meaning one instance is created which
-    /// may live across multiple calls.
-    Reactor,
-}
-
-impl ModuleKind {
-    /// Determine whether the given module is a Command or a Reactor.
-    fn categorize(module: &Module) -> Result<ModuleKind> {
-        let command_start = module.get_export("_start");
-        let reactor_start = module.get_export("_initialize");
-        match (command_start, reactor_start) {
-            (Some(command_start), None) => {
-                if let Some(_) = command_start.func() {
-                    Ok(ModuleKind::Command)
-                } else {
-                    bail!("`_start` must be a function")
-                }
-            }
-            (None, Some(reactor_start)) => {
-                if let Some(_) = reactor_start.func() {
-                    Ok(ModuleKind::Reactor)
-                } else {
-                    bail!("`_initialize` must be a function")
-                }
-            }
-            (None, None) => {
-                // Module declares neither of the recognized functions, so treat
-                // it as a reactor with no initialization function.
-                Ok(ModuleKind::Reactor)
-            }
-            (Some(_), Some(_)) => {
-                // Module declares itself to be both a Command and a Reactor.
-                bail!("Program cannot be both a Command and a Reactor")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Error for an unresolvable import.
-///
-/// Returned - wrapped in an [`anyhow::Error`] - by [`Linker::instantiate`] and
-/// related methods for modules with unresolvable imports.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct UnknownImportError {
-    module: String,
-    name: String,
-    ty: ExternType,
-}
-
-impl UnknownImportError {
-    fn new(import: &ImportType) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            module: import.module().to_string(),
-            name: import.name().to_string(),
-            ty: import.ty(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the module name that the unknown import was expected to come from.
-    pub fn module(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.module
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the field name of the module that the unknown import was expected to come from.
-    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.name
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of the unknown import.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> ExternType {
-        self.ty.clone()
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for UnknownImportError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(
-            f,
-            "unknown import: `{}::{}` has not been defined",
-            self.module, self.name,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::error::Error for UnknownImportError {}